Fully-differential amplifiers
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1 Fully-differential amplifiers Willy Sansen KULeuven, ESAT-MICAS Leuven, Belgium Willy Sansen
2 Table of contents Requirements Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs FDA s with error amp.& source followers Folded cascode OTA without SF s Other fully-differential amps Exercise Willy Sansen
3 Single-stage OTA V DD V DD V B1 V B1 - M1 i Circ M2 + - M1 i Circ M2 + v OUT V B2 M3 M4 M3 M4 V SS V SS Willy Sansen
4 Simple CMOS fully-differential OTA M5 V DD V B1 Differential pair No current mirror C L v IN+ v IN- v OUT+ C L v OUT- 2 M3 M1 3 M2 V B2 1 M4 GBW = g m1 2π C L Problem: keep M1-4 in saturation: V SS Control V OUTCOM Control I DS5 Willy Sansen
5 Simple CMOS fully-diff. OTA with CMFB - 1 V DD I B M5 V B v IN+ M1 3 M2 v IN- 4 v OUT- v OUT+ 2 C L M3 M4 C L V SS Control V OUTCOM, I DS5 Willy Sansen
6 Simple CMOS fully-diff. OTA withy CMFB - 2 V DD M5 B 2 : 1 5 v IN+ M1 3 M2 v IN- C L v OUT- 2 1 v OUT+ V B 4 2 M3 M4 C L V SS Control V OUTCOM, I DS5 Willy Sansen
7 Common-mode feedback equivalent circuit V DD M5 B 2 : M1,2 v INCM 2 V SS M3,4 1 v OUTCM V B 4 C L 2 M6,7 1 : B 1 Control V OUTCOM, I DS5 Willy Sansen
8 Common-mode feedback CMFB + v ind A A d C L v outd vinc C L A c CMFB in unity gain : CMRR = A vcm Three tasks : 1. Measure the output voltages 2. Cancel out the differential signals 3. Close the CMFB loop Willy Sansen
9 Requirements fully-differential amplifiers High speed : GBW CM > GBW DM Matching Output swing limited by : Output swing of differential-mode amp Input range of common-mode amp Low power P CM < P DM Willy Sansen
10 Load capacitance? C F C F + C S + - C L + C S + - v IN - G m - + C M v OUT - G m - + C S C S C F C F Willy Sansen
11 Load capacitance C IN C F C L + C S v IN CM v OUT - C S C F Willy Sansen
12 Load capacitance C INDM C F C L + C S v INDM C M v OUT - C S C F C INDM = C M + C F + C L + C S 2 Willy Sansen
13 Load capacitance C INCM C F C L + C S v INCM CM v OUT - C S C F C INCM = 2 (C F + C L + C S ) > C INDM Willy Sansen
14 GBW DM & GBW CM I B I B v- v C L + v- v + v OUT+ R R v OUT- 2C L R R 2C L v OUT+ v OUT- g m GBW DM = 2π 2C L C LCM = 0 GBW DM = g m 2π 2C L C LCM = 4 C L Willy Sansen
15 Table of contents Requirements Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs FDA s with error amp.& source followers Folded cascode OTA without SF s Other fully-differential amps Exercise Willy Sansen
16 CMFB amplifier with linear MOSTs Linear MOSTs: V DD V DS3 200 mv C L V r1 M2 C L I DS = β V DS (V GS -V T ) g m3 = β V DS3 + - M1 GBW DM = g m1 2π C L M3 V SS GBW CM = g m3 2π C L is always smaller! Willy Sansen
17 Fully-differential amp. with linear MOSTs M5 B : 2 M7 : B V DD M5 Linear MOSTs: V DS5 200 mv V bias M6 Cancel diff. signals C L + - M1 C L GBW DM = B g m1 2π C L M4 GBW CM = g m5 2π C L M2 M3 B : 1 1 : B V SS is always smaller! even with M5 in wi! Willy Sansen
18 Fully-differential amp. with linear MOSTs Linear MOSTs: V DS3 200 mv Ref. Choi, JSSC, Dec.83, Willy Sansen
19 Total amplifier schematic E.Peeters etal, CICC 1997 Willy Sansen
20 Fully-differential OTA with FF 850 MHz 1.2 µm CMOS F. Op t Eynde, Kluwer Ac Willy Sansen
21 Transconductor with C DG compen. V DS1 = R D I D 0.2 V I DS1 = β 1 V DS1 (V GS1 -V T ) g m1 = β 1 V DS1 is constant Ref. Alini, JSSC, Dec.92, pp Willy Sansen
22 Table of contents Requirements Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs FDA s with error amp.& source followers Folded cascode OTA without SF s Other fully-differential amps Exercise Willy Sansen
23 Fully-differential amplifier with resistive CMFB M1 I B M1 A v = g m1 (R // r o ) r o = r o1 //r o2 v in1 v o1 R R v o2 v in2 M2 Linear resistors R To cancel differential signals Willy Sansen
24 Fully-diff. amp. with source followers: Diff. mode GBW DM = g m1 2π C L C L = 4 pf Ref. Banu, JSSC, Dec.88, Willy Sansen
25 Fully-diff. amp. with source followers: CM GBW CM = C a g m6 R a 4π C L f ndcm = 4 2πR a (C GS6 +4C a ) Ref. Banu, JSSC, Dec.88, f z = 1 2πR a C a Willy Sansen
26 Table of contents Requirements Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs FDA s with error amp.& source followers Folded cascode OTA without SF s Other fully-differential amps Exercise Willy Sansen
27 Fully-diff amp. with error amplifier: Diff. mode Ref. Ribner, CICC 85; Haspeslagh, CICC 88 GBW DM = g m1 2π C c Willy Sansen
28 Fully-diff amp. with error amp. : Common mode Nonlinear! Ref. Ribner, CICC 85; Haspeslagh, CICC 88 GBW CM = g m58 4π C c Willy Sansen
29 Class AB fully-differential amplifier Ref. Lee, JSSC Dec.85, Willy Sansen
30 Comparison Criterion Linear Error amp Error amp. MOST Source foll. Quad amp. GBW CM /GBW DM < 0.1 > 1 > 1 Required tol. < 1 % < 6 % < 6 % Diff.output swing 0.8 V DDSS 0.4 V DDSS 0.4 V DDSS Is limited by cascodes source foll. cm input Power dissipation 1 amp 3 amps 2 amps Willy Sansen
31 Table of contents Requirements Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs FDA s with error amp.& source followers Folded cascode OTA without SF s Other fully-differential amps Exercise Willy Sansen
32 Fully-differential amplifier with gain boosting Willy Sansen
33 Low-voltage (1.1 V) DIDO Gata, JSSC Dec Willy Sansen
34 Linear CM amplifier V outcm = VDC + V GS7 Ref. Hernandez, JSSC Aug.05, Willy Sansen
35 Fully-diff.amp. with separate linear trans.cmfb A v = 0.3 Linear MOSTs 24 MHz/ 3 pf 3 V/ 5 ma I DS1 = 0.25 ma Comp 4 kω/ 2 pf > 20 MHz Ref. Pasch, AICSP, 2000 Willy Sansen
36 CMFB over 2 or more amplifiers C L1 C L v IN C M v OUT1 - + C M v OUT2 C L1 C L2 v CM Efficient use of 2nd amplifier! Ref. Mohieldin, JSSC April 2003, Willy Sansen
37 CMFB over 2 pseudo-differential amps v CM M6 M5 M7 v CM C L M1 - C L M2 M4 M3 B : 1 1 : B Willy Sansen
38 Fully-differential amplifier with SC CMFB Willy Sansen
39 Fully-differential amp. with SC CMFB : Φ1 Switches φ 1H closed gives CMFB and precharge C Willy Sansen
40 Fully-differential amp. with SC CMFB : Φ2 Switches φ 2H closed gives CMFB and precharge C Willy Sansen
41 Table of contents Requirements Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs FDA s with error amp.& source followers Folded cascode OTA without SF s Other fully-differential amps Exercise Willy Sansen
42 Fully-differental folded cascode with source foll. M4 1 : 1 M4 1 M4 V DD M5-5 I B1 5 + V r1 V r1 C L M5 4 2 C L M3 + - M1 M3 2 M7 V r2 M6 1 M2 1 M6 I B2 R a R a 3 V SS Willy Sansen
43 Fully-diff. amp. : Specifications Techn: CMOS L min = 0.8 µm ; V T = 0.7 V K' n = 60 µa/v 2 & K' p = 30 µa/v 2 V En = 4 V/µm & V Ep = 6 V/µm Specs: GBW DM = 10 MHz C L = 3 pf GBW CM = 20 MHz all PM > 70 o V DD /V SS = ± 1.5 V Maximum V swingptp = V outmax -V outmin Minimum I tot Verify: Slew Rate, Noise,... Willy Sansen
44 Fully-diff. folded cascode in BICMOS M4 1 : 1 M4 1 M4 V DD M5-5 I B1 5 + V r1 V r1 C L M5 4 2 C L M3 + - M1 M3 2 M7 V r2 M6 1 M2 1 M6 I B2 R a R a 3 V SS Willy Sansen
45 Fully-diff. amp. : Specifications Techn: BICMOS L min = 0.8 µm ; V T = 0.7 V K' n = 60 µa/v 2 & K' p = 30 µa/v 2 V En = 4 V/µm & V Ep = 6 V/µm f Tn = 12 GHz & f Tp = 4 GHz Specs: GBW DM = 10 MHz C L = 3 pf GBW CM = 20 MHz all PM > 70 o V DD /V SS = ± 1.5 V Maximum V swingptp = V outmax -V outmin Minimum I tot Verify: Slew Rate, Noise,... Willy Sansen
46 Table of contents Requirements Fully-diff. amps with linear MOSTs FDA s with error amp.& source followers Folded cascode OTA without SF s Other fully-differential amps Exercise Willy Sansen
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