Sub-ps (and sub-micrometer) developments at ELETTRA
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1 Sub-ps (and sub-micrometer) developments at ELETTRA Mario Ferianis SINCROTRONE TRIESTE, Italy
2 The ELETTRA laboratory ELETTRA is a 3 rd generation synchrotron light source in Trieste (I) since 1993 up to 6000 user hours/year 1GeV LINAC + 2.4GeV Storage Ring ~ 20 active beam lines: Insertion Devices and Bending Soft X-rays, VUV-UV, VIS (diagnostics), IR Technical Optimization Study (in collaboration with LBL, MIT & SLAC) underway for a seeded FEL, based on the upgrade of the existing LINAC new Photo-cathode GUN energy up to 1.2GeV FEL 1: nm FEL 2: 40 10nm
3 Storage Ring Free Electron Laser: 4 bunches spaced by 216ns=roundtrip time of the optical cavity the experimental setting is the following: beam energy: 900 MeV, beam current (four bunches): 10 ma, laser wavelength: 250 nm, Free running Q-Switch courtesy: G. De Ninno
4 Need for synchronization Up to now most of the experiments have been using the average photon flux In a pump-probe scheme, one pulse excites the sample whereas the second one takes the picture Different combinations of the available sources (SR, SR-FEL, external fs Lasers) can be used: we need to synchronize at the pico second level As an experiment, we lock a fs laser to the electron bunches of the Storage Ring, by using a low jitter (<1ps RMS ) electronic module. To check for jitter (short term) and stability (long term) between sources To implement high resolution phase measurement
5 Lay out of section 1 of the ELETTRA Storage Ring with diagnostics Optical Laboratory fs Cr:LiSAF laser Streak Camera Master RF from the accelerating cavities
6 R&S generator Power Splitter Minimizing locked laser phase noise Redundant high resolution phase measurement A AD 8302 Phase Detector 1) V PHASE Spectrum Analyzer HP3589 Digital Oscilloscope TEK 7104 Reference IN Laser Timing Stabilizer Piezo driver Laser IN Piezo actuator B Power Splitter Laser cavity 2) Phase OUT f REP2 = MHz Band Pass LC filter Photo diode Measured Laser phase noise: 0.1ps RMS
7 Locked laser damping time to an external kick AD8302 V phase 300ms 100mV/div CLX phase OUT 20mV/div
8 Noise Spectral Density Analog Devices data sheet, Phase Detector AD8302
9 Noise measurement set-up Phase Detector AD8302 (0 2.7GHz) POUT=-30dBm BW=20MHz R&S V SMX NOISE RMS =5.7mV RF generator P OUT = -30dBm...0dBm Power splitter Phase Master POUT=0dBm 190 Coax BW=2.5MHz (90 V NOISE RMS =314µV AD8302 Amp&Phase Detector LP filter BW=2.5MHz TEK 5104 BW=1GHz, 20MHz
10 Measured data on Noise amplitude (RMS) vs. Bandwidth (BW=1GHz, 20MHz, 2.5MHz) V PH scaling=10mv/deg Input level [dbm] Full scope BW=1GHz mV 0.59deg Measurement bandwidth BW limit LP filter BW=20MHz BW=2.5MHz 5.7mV 4.43mV 0.57deg 0.44deg DVM 7 1/2 bits BW=1Hz µV 0.045deg 407µV 0,040deg 314µV 0,031deg 4.7µV 0,47mdeg
11 Stability tests on AD8302: on DVM 10mV/deg 10µV=1mdeg (100MHz...2.7GHz)
12 Resolution measurement set-up Phase Detector AD8302 (0 2.7GHz)
13 V phase vs. F tot =100kHz Φ TOT =0.135deg frequency phase 100,060, ,040, ,020, ,000,000 Φ tot =0.135deg; Φ step =13.5mdeg ,980,000 99,960,000 99,940,000 V STEP =0.135mV 1deg@100MHz =27.7ps; Τ min =0.187ps ( Τ step /2) 1deg@3GHz =0.926ps; Τ min =6.25fs ERL Workshop Mario 595 Ferianis TJNAF, march 20,
14 from Storage Ring RF generator f RF = MHz Power Splitter Final configuration for the Synchronization experiment Streak Camera Timing system 2 f S-SCAN =250MHz N Unit Synchroscan Streak Camera Synchrotron Radiation Divide-by-6 Unit f REF = MHz Power Splitter Phase Detector Power Splitter Laser Timing Stabilizer Reference IN Laser IN f REP2 = MHz Piezo driver LP filter Piezo actuator Laser cavity
15 Streak Camera and Cr:LiSAF laser in the diagnostics Optical Laboratory
16 Storage ring vs. external Laser frequencies f RF = MHz Multi Bunch 1 bunch / 2ns 4-Bunch SR-FEL 1 bunch / 216ns 5 f REP1 =f RF 5 = MHz 6 f REP2 =f RF 6 = MHz t LASER = ns 1 laser pulse / 5 bunches Coincidence laser on same bunch: every 5 revolutions (864/10 = 86.4ns) t LASER = ns 18 laser pulses / bunch (4B) (12ns*18=216ns) Coincidence laser on same bunch: at each turn
17 Two streak camera acquisitions (synchroscan): Multi Bunch beam + laser Slow time Slow time 2ns 10ns laser 880ps Fast time Fast time f REP1 =f RF 5 = MHz
18 4Bunchbeam (216ns/bunch) + laser@83.275mhz (12ns) f REP2 =f RF 6 = MHz 880ps Jitter laser-to-synchrotron ~1ps RMS 12ns 18 laser 12ns pulses 864ns: 1 ELETTRA revolution 440ps
19 Long time (69ms) acquisitions: 5 accumulation Elettra 4 bunch beam 69ms 880ps Laser phase oscillations due to external kick 180ps
20 All three sources... CR:LiSAF Slow time 6.7ms FEL macropulses FEL staff courtesy The old, good ELETTRA 4.6MHz
21 Beam Orbit stabilization at the center of the Insertion Device straight section
22 LEFT: std BPM mounted RIGHT: new LGBPM to the Q-pole faceplate indep. Support+ref column
23 Capacitive Sensor specifications (by Physik Instrumente) It provides sub-nm resolution over a 300µm range It s linear: <0.05% Low temp drift: -30ppm/ o K It has 3 khz bw It provides a noncontact measure M. Ferianis APM 28/10/1999
24 Two pairs of Capacitive Sensors monitoring the X&Y position of Low Gap BPM M. Ferianis Apr2001
25 96,00 95,80 95,60 95,40 95,20 95,00 94,80 94,60 94,40 94,20 Noise 27 Oct. on 1999 real - position Short acq. readings - 4min. in the machine tunnel at 1Hz 23,00 22,90 22,80 22,70 22,60 22,50 22,40 22,30 22,20 22,10 94,00 22, y RMS = 30nm ; y pk-pk = 100nm
26 Drift of the Low Gap BPM vertical pos. during re-fill of the Storage Ring Energy, Current and dy vs. time µm 103,00 102,00 101,00 100,00 99,00 98,00 97,00 96,00 95,00 94,00 93, MeV / ma
27 RUN 71; 12-13/04/01 Ypos Xpos Tvac-dpwnstream T-bpm-ext Tvac-upstream
28 Joint Time Frequency Analysis based on LabView tool LOW GAP n.1, Cap. Sens. Fast VERT plane
29 Model of the Support System: vertical axis Alu. holder Cap. Sens. pair LG-BPM Alu. holder α carb. fiber = -0.1µm/(m o C) α steel = 18µm/(m o C) α aluminum = 22µm/(m o C) Lsupport = 1.1m hlg-bpm/2 = 0.025m hholder = 0.01m LG-BPM Steel support L= T air *L supp. + T BPM *(h BPM +h eq. ) Carbon Fiber Reference Column
30 Measured Y vs. Computed Y Ymeas Ycomp DYbpm DYsupp DYeq M. Ferianis October 2000
31 Measured X vs. Computed X micron Xpos DXtot DXbpm DXair degree M. Ferianis ERL 05 Workshop Mario Ferianis TJNAF, October march 20,
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