Single Carrier FDMA. May 18, Hyung G. Myung

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1 Single Carrier FDMA May 18, 2008 Hyung G. Myung

2 Outline Introduction and Background Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Summary and Conclusions Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 1

3 Introduction and Background Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Summary and Conclusions

4 Introduction and Background 3GPP Evolution LTE R8 HSPA+ R7 HSUPA R6 HSDPA R5 UMTS/WCDMA R99 Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 3

5 Introduction and Background Key Features of LTE Multiple access scheme DL: OFDMA with CP. UL: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) with CP. Adaptive modulation and coding DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM UL modulations: QPSK and 16QAM Rel-6 Turbo code: Coding rate of 1/3, two 8-state constituent encoders, and a contention-free internal interleaver. Advanced MIMO spatial multiplexing techniques (2 or 4)x(2 or 4) downlink and uplink supported. Multi-layer transmission with up to four streams. Multi-user MIMO also supported. ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 4

6 Introduction and Background Broadband Multipath Channel Demand for higher data rate is leading to utilization of wider transmission bandwidth. 2G 3G 3.5~4G Standard GSM IS-95 (CDMA) WCDMA cdma2000 LTE, UMB, WiMAX Transmission bandwidth 200 khz 1.25 MHz 5 MHz 5 MHz Up to 20 MHz Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 5

7 Introduction and Background Broadband Multipath Channel - cont. Multi-path channel causes: Inter-symbol interference (ISI) and fading in the time domain. Frequency-selectivity in the frequency domain. 3GPP 6-Tap Typical Urban (TU6) Channel Delay Profile 2.5 Frequency Response of 3GPP TU6 Channel in 5MHz Band Amplitude [linear] Channel Gain [linear] Time [µsec] Frequency [MHz] Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 6

8 Introduction and Background Frequency Domain Equalization For broadband multi-path channels, conventional time domain equalizers are impractical because of complexity. Very long channel impulse response in the time domain. Prohibitively large tap size for time domain filter. Using discrete Fourier transform (DFT), equalization can be done in the frequency domain. Because the DFT size does not grow linearly with the length of the channel response, the complexity of FDE is lower than that of the equivalent time domain equalizer for broadband channel. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 7

9 Introduction and Background FDE - cont. Channel Time domain y = h x = x h 1 * y x h y Fourier transform Frequency domain Y = H X = 1 X H Y Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 8

10 Introduction and Background FDE - cont. In DFT, frequency domain multiplication is equivalent to time domain circular convolution. Cyclic prefix (CP) longer than the channel response length is needed to convert linear convolution to circular convolution. CP Symbols Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 9

11 Introduction and Background FDE - cont. Most of the time domain equalization techniques can be implemented in the frequency domain. MMSE equalizer, DFE, turbo equalizer, and so on. References M. V. Clark, Adaptive Frequency-Domain Equalization and Diversity Combining for Broadband Wireless Communications, IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 16, no. 8, Oct M. Tüchler et al., Linear Time and Frequency Domain Turbo Equalization, Proc. IEEE 53rd Veh. Technol. Conf. (VTC), vol. 2, May 2001 F. Pancaldi et al., Block Channel Equalization in the Frequency Domain, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 53, no. 3, Mar Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 10

12 Introduction and Background Single Carrier with FDE SC/FDE { } x n Add CP/ PS Channel Remove CP N- point DFT Equalization N- point IDFT Detect OFDM { } x n N- point IDFT Add CP/ PS Channel Remove CP N- point DFT Equalization Detect * CP: Cyclic Prefix, PS: Pulse Shaping Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 11

13 Introduction and Background SC/FDE - cont. SC/FDE delivers performance similar to OFDM with essentially the same overall complexity, even for long channel delay. SC/FDE has advantage over OFDM in terms of: Low PAPR. Robustness to spectral null. Less sensitivity to carrier frequency offset. Disadvantage to OFDM is that channel-adaptive subcarrier bit and power loading is not possible. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 12

14 Introduction and Background SC/FDE - cont. References H. Sari et al., Transmission Techniques for Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 33, no. 2, Feb. 1995, pp D. Falconer et al., Frequency Domain Equalization for Single- Carrier Broadband Wireless Systems, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, Apr. 2002, pp Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) is an extension of SC/FDE to accommodate multiple-user access. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 13

15 Introduction and Background CDMA with FDE Instead of a RAKE receiver, use frequency domain equalization for channel equalization. Reference F. Adachi et al., Broadband CDMA Techniques, IEEE Wireless Comm., vol. 12, no. 2, Apr. 2005, pp { } x n Spreading Add CP/ PS Channel Remove CP M- point DFT Equalization M- point IDFT Despreading Detect Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 14

16 Introduction and Background Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Summary and Conclusions

17 Overview of SC-FDMA Single Carrier FDMA SC-FDMA is a new multiple access technique. Utilizes single carrier modulation, DFT-spread orthogonal frequency multiplexing, and frequency domain equalization. It has similar structure and performance to OFDMA. SC-FDMA is currently adopted as the uplink multiple access scheme in 3GPP LTE. A variant of SC-FDMA using code spreading is used in 3GPP2 UMB uplink m also considering it for uplink. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 16

18 Overview of SC-FDMA TX & RX Structure of SC-FDMA S-to-P N- point DFT Subcarrier Mapping M- point IDFT P-to-S Add CP / PS DAC / RF Channel Detect P-to-S N- point IDFT Subcarrier De-mapping/ Equalization M- point DFT S-to-P Remove CP RF / ADC * N < M * S-to-P: Serial-to-Parallel * P-to-S: Parallel-to-Serial SC-FDMA: OFDMA: + Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 17

19 Overview of SC-FDMA Why Single Carrier FDMA FDMA? Single Carrier : Sequential transmission of the symbols over a single frequency carrier. Time domain Frequency domain Time domain N- point DFT Subcarrier Mapping M- point IDFT P-to-S Add CP / PS DAC / RF FDMA : User multiplexing in the frequency domain. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 18

20 Overview of SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping Two ways to map subcarriers; distributed and localized. Distributed mapping scheme for (total # of subcarriers) = (data block size) (bandwidth spreading factor) is called Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA). X 0 Zeros X ɶ 0 X 0 Zeros X ɶ 0 X 1 X 1 Zeros X 2 X N 1 X N 1 Zeros Distributed Xɶ M 1 Zeros Localized Xɶ M 1 Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 19

21 Overview of SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping - cont. Data block size (N) = 4, Number of users (Q) = 3, Number of subcarriers (M) = 12. Terminal 1 Terminal 2 Terminal 3 subcarriers subcarriers Distributed Mode Localized Mode Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 20

22 Overview of SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping - cont. { xn}: x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 DFT { X k}: X 0 X 1 X 2 X 3 N 1 2π j nk N X k = xne, N = 4 n= 0 ~ { } X l, IFDMA ~ { } X l, DFDMA X 0 X 1 X 2 X 3 X 0 0 X 1 0 X 2 0 X Current ~ X X 0 X 1 X 2 X implementation l, LFDMA in 3GPP LTE { } frequency Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 21

23 Overview of SC-FDMA Time Domain Representation { } x n x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 { ɶ } Q x m, IFDMA x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 { ɶ } Q x m, LFDMA { ɶ } Q x m, DFDMA x 0 * * x 1 * * x 2 * * x 3 * * x 0 * * x 2 * * x 0 * * x 2 * * 3 * = ck, m xk, ck, m : complex weight k = 0 time Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 22

24 Overview of SC-FDMA Amplitude of SC-FDMA Symbols IFDMA LFDMA DFDMA Amplitude [linear] QPSK Symbol Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 23

25 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA and OFDMA Similarities Block-based modulation and use of CP. Divides the transmission bandwidth into smaller subcarriers. Channel inversion/equalization is done in the frequency domain. SC-FDMA is regarded as DFT-precoded or DFT-spread OFDMA. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 24

26 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA and OFDMA - cont. Difference in time domain signal Input data symbols OFDMA symbol SC-FDMA symbols* * Bandwidth spreading factor : 4 time Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 25

27 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA and OFDMA - cont. Different equalization/detection aspects OFDMA DFT Subcarrier Demapping Equalizer Equalizer Detect Detect Equalizer Detect SC-FDMA DFT Subcarrier Demapping Equalizer IDFT Detect Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 26

28 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA and DS-CDMA In terms of bandwidth expansion, SC-FDMA is very similar to DS-CDMA system using orthogonal spreading codes. Both spread narrowband data into broader band. Time symbols are compressed into chips after modulation. Spreading gain (processing gain) is achieved. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 27

29 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA and DS-CDMA - cont. Conventional spreading x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 Data Sequence Signature Sequence x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 3 time Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 28

30 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA and DS-CDMA - cont. Exchanged spreading 1 Signature Sequence x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 Data Sequence IFDMA x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 3 *C. Chang, and K. Chen, Frequency-Domain Approach to Multiuser Detection over Frequency-Selective Slowly Fading Channels, IEEE PIMRC 2002, Lisboa, Portugal, Sep., 2002, pp time Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 29

31 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA and Other Schemes * Subcarrier mapping: Frequency-selective scheduling SC-FDMA * SC transmission: Low PAPR * Time-compressed chip symbols * Time-domain detection * DFT-based FDE * Block-based processing & CP OFDMA DS-CDMA /FDE Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 30

32 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA with Code Spreading N- point DFT Subcarrier Mapping M- point IDFT Add CP/ PS Spreading SC-FDMA Modulation Channel SC-FDMA Demodulation Despreading Detect Remove CP M- point DFT Subcarrier Demapping/ Equalization N- point IDFT Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 31

33 Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA MIMO N-point DFT N-point DFT Spatial Mapping Subcarrier Mapping Subcarrier Mapping M-point IDFT M-point IDFT Add CP / PS Add CP / PS DAC / RF DAC / RF MIMO Channel Detect Detect N-point IDFT N-point IDFT Spatial Combining / Equalization Subcarrier De-mapping Subcarrier De-mapping M-point DFT M-point DFT Remove CP Remove CP RF / ADC RF / ADC Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 32

34 Introduction and Background Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Summary and Conclusions

35 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE LTE Frame Structure Two radio frame structures defined. Frame structure type 1 (FS1): FDD. Frame structure type 2 (FS2): TDD. A radio frame has duration of 10 ms. A resource block (RB) spans 12 subcarriers over a slot duration of 0.5 ms. One subcarrier has bandwidth of 15 khz, thus 180 khz per RB. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 34

36 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE LTE Frame Structure Type 1 FDD frame structure One slot = 0.5 ms One radio frame = 10 ms #0 #1 #2 #3 #18 #19 One subframe = TTI (Transmission Time Interval) Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 35

37 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE LTE Frame Structure Type 2 TDD frame structure One radio frame = 10 ms One half-frame = 5 ms One subframe = 1 ms One slot = 0.5 ms Subframe #0 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4 Subframe #5 Subframe #7 Subframe #8 Subframe #9 DwPTS GP UpPTS DwPTS GP UpPTS Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 36

38 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE LTE Resource Grid One radio frame Slot #0 #19 N symb Resource block = N N resource elements symb RB sc Subcarrier (frequency) N RB N RB sc RB N sc = 12 Resource element OFDM/SC-FDMA symbol (time) Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 37

39 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE Length of CP Configuration Normal CP Extended CP Extended CP ( f = 7.5 khz) N symb Configuration Normal CP Extended CP Extended CP ( f = 7.5 khz) CP length N CP,l [samples] 160 ( 5.21 µs) for l = ( 4.69 µs) for l = 1, 2,, ( µs) for l = 0, 1,, ( µs) for l = 0, 1, 2 Only in downlink Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 38

40 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE LTE Bandwidth/Resource Configuration Channel bandwidth [MHz] Number of resource blocks (N RB ) Number of occupied subcarriers IDFT(Tx)/DFT(Rx) size Sample rate [MHz] Samples per slot *3GPP TS Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 39

41 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE LTE Bandwidth Configuration 1 slot DL or UL symbol Zeros Resource block frequency RB N sc = 12 (180 khz) N RB N = 300 RB sc (4.5 MHz) M = 512 (7.68 MHz) time Zeros * 5 MHz system with frame structure type 1 Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 40

42 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE UL Overview UL physical channels Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) UL physical signals Reference signal (RS) Available modulation for data channel QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM Single user MIMO not supported in current release. But it will be addressed in the future release. Multi-user collaborative MIMO supported. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 41

43 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE UL Resource Block *PUSCH with normal CP Resource block (RB) Reference symbols (RS) Frequency Subcarrier 1 slot (0.5 ms) One SC-FDMA symbol Time Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 42

44 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE UL Physical Channel Processing Scrambling Modulation mapping Transform precoding DFT-precoding SC-FDMA modulation Resource element mapping SC-FDMA signal generation IDFT operation Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 43

45 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE SC-FDMA Modulation in LTE UL { } x, x, xn Serial- to- Parallel N- DFT Zeros Zeros Subcarrier Mapping 0 M-1 subcarrier M- IDFT Parallel -to- Serial Localized mapping with an option of adaptive scheduling or random hopping. { ɶ ɶ ɶ } x, x, xm One SC-FDMA symbol Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 44

46 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE UL Reference Signal Two types of UL RS Demodulation (DM) RS Narrowband. Sounding RS: Used for UL resource scheduling Broadband. RS based on Zadoff-Chu CAZAC (Constant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation) polyphase sequence CAZAC sequence: Constant amplitude, zero circular autocorrelation, flat frequency response, and low circular crosscorrelation between two different sequences. a k = e e 2 r k j2 π + qk, k= 0,1,2,, L 1; for L even L 2 r k ( k+ 1) j2 π + qk, k= 0,1,2,, L 1; for L odd L 2 * r is any integer relatively prime with L and q is any integer. B. M. Popovic, Generalized Chirp-like Polyphase Sequences with Optimal Correlation Properties, IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 38, Jul. 1992, pp Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 45

47 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE UL RS Multiplexing User 1 User 2 User 3 subcarriers FDM Pilots subcarriers CDM Pilots Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 46

48 SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE UL RS Multiplexing - cont. DM RS For SIMO: FDM between different users. For SU-MIMO: CDM between RS from each antenna For MU-MIMO: CDM between RS from each antenna Sounding RS CDM when there is only one sounding bandwidth. CDM/FDM when there are multiple sounding bandwidths. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 47

49 Introduction and Background Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Summary and Conclusions

50 Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals PAPR Characteristics CCDF of PAPR: QPSK, Rolloff = 0.22, N = 512, N = 128 fft occupied 10 0 OFDMA CCDF of PAPR: 16-QAM, Rolloff = 0.22, N = 512, N = 128 fft occupied 10 0 OFDMA Pr(PAPR>PAPR 0 ) IFDMA DFDMA Dotted lines: no PS Dashed lines: RRC PS Solid lines: RC PS LFDMA PAPR [db] 0 Pr(PAPR>PAPR 0 ) IFDMA DFDMA Dotted lines: no PS Dashed lines: RRC PS Solid lines: RC PS LFDMA PAPR [db] 0 (a) QPSK (b) 16-QAM * Monte Carlo simulations (Number of iterations: > 10 4 ) * Time domain pulse shaping with 8-times oversampling * N fft : number of total subcarriers = FFT size * N occupied : number of occupied subcarriers = data block size * RC: raised-cosine, RRC: root raised-cosine * Rolloff factor of 0.22 *H. G. Myung, J. Lim, and D. J. Goodman, "Peak-to- Average Power Ratio of Single Carrier FDMA Signals with Pulse Shaping," IEEE PIMRC 06, Helsinki, Finland, Sep Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 49

51 Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals PAPR Characteristics - cont. PAPR and different rolloff factors 10 0 CCDF of PAPR: QPSK, N fft = 256, N occupied = 64 IFDMA LFDMA Pr(PAPR>PAPR 0 ) α=1 α=0.8 α=0.6 α=0.4 α=0.2 α=0 Solid lines: without pulse shaping Dotted lines: with pulse shaping PAPR [db] 0 *H. G. Myung, J. Lim, and D. J. Goodman, "Peak-to- Average Power Ratio of Single Carrier FDMA Signals with Pulse Shaping," IEEE PIMRC 06, Helsinki, Finland, Sep *α: rolloff factor of raised cosine pulse shaping filter Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 50

52 Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals PAPR of SC-FDMA MIMO SM TxBF (no avr. & no quant.) Pr(PAPR>PAPR 0 ) SFBC (QPSK) SFBC (16-QAM) TxBF (avr. & quant.) PAPR [db] 0 *H. G. Myung, J.-L. Pan, R. Olesen, and D. Grieco, "Peak Power Characteristics of Single Carrier FDMA MIMO Precoding System", IEEE VTC 2007 Fall, Baltimore, USA, Oct Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 51

53 Introduction and Background Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Summary and Conclusions

54 Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Channel-Dependent Scheduling (CDS) Channel gain Channel-dependent scheduling Assign subcarriers to a user in excellent channel condition. Two subcarrier mapping schemes have advantages over each other. Distributed: Frequency diversity. Localized: Frequency selective gain with CDS. Subcarriers User 2 User 1 Frequency Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 53

55 Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems CDS - cont. Aggre gate thr oughput [Mbps] Utility: sum of user throughput R-LFDMA S-LFDMA R-IFDMA S-IFDMA Agg regate throughput [Mbps] Utility: sum of logarithm of user throughput R-LFDMA S-LFDMA R-IFDMA S-IFDMA Number of users Number of users *J. Lim, H. G. Myung, K. Oh, and D. J. Goodman, "Proportional Fair Scheduling of Uplink Single-Carrier FDMA Systems", IEEE PIMRC 2006, Helsinki, Finland, Sep * Capacity based on Shannon s upper bound. * Time synchronized uplink data transmission. * Perfect channel knowledge. * No feedback delay or error. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 54

56 Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Uplink SC-FDMA with Adaptive Modulation and CDS Mobile terminals Base station User K Channel K User 2 User 1 ConstellationM apping DFT Subcarrier Mapping IDFT CP / PS Channel 2 Channel 1 SC-FDMA Receiver Data flow Control signal flow Resource Scheduler Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 55

57 Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Simulation Results Aggregate throughput vs. feedback delay mobile speed = 3 km/h (f D = 5.6 Hz) mobile speed = 60 km/h (f D = 111 Hz) Agg regate throughpu t [Mbps] LFDMA: Static LFDMA: CDS IFDMA: Static IFDMA: CDS Aggr egate throughput [Mb ps] LFDMA: Static LFDMA: CDS IFDMA: Static IFDMA: CDS Feedback delay [ms] Feedback delay [ms] * Carrier frequency = 2 GHz * K = 64 total number of users, N = 16 subcarriers per chunk, Q = 16 total number of chunks * Utility: sum of user throughput *H. G. Myung, K. Oh, J. Lim, and D. J. Goodman, "Channel- Dependent Scheduling of an Uplink SC-FDMA System with Imperfect Channel Information," IEEE WCNC 2008, Las Vegas, USA, Mar Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 56

58 Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Simulation Results - cont. Aggregate throughput vs. mobile speed Aggregate throughput [Mbps] Feedback delay = 3 ms LFDMA: Static LFDMA: CDS IFDMA: Static IFDMA: CDS (37) 40 (74) 60 (111) 80 (148) Mobile speed [km/h] (Doppler [Hz]) *H. G. Myung, K. Oh, J. Lim, and D. J. Goodman, "Channel-Dependent Scheduling of an Uplink SC-FDMA System with Imperfect Channel Information," IEEE WCNC 2008, Las Vegas, USA, Mar Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 57

59 Introduction and Background Overview of SC-FDMA SC-FDMA Implementation in 3GPP LTE Peak Power Characteristics of SC-FDMA Signals Uplink Resource Scheduling in SC-FDMA Systems Summary and Conclusions

60 Summary and Conclusions Summary and Conclusions SC-FDMA is a new single carrier multiple access technique which has similar structure and performance to OFDMA. Currently adopted for uplink multiple access scheme for 3GPP LTE. Two types of subcarrier mapping, distributed and localized, give system design flexibility to accommodate either frequency diversity or frequency selective gain. A salient advantage of SC-FDMA over OFDM/OFDMA is low PAPR. Efficient transmitter and improved cell-edge performance. Pulse shaping as well as subcarrier mapping scheme has a significant impact on PAPR. Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 59

61 Summary and Conclusions References and Resources H. G. Myung, J. Lim, & D. J. Goodman, Single Carrier FDMA for Uplink Wireless Transmission, IEEE Vehic. Tech. Mag., vol. 1, no. 3, Sep H. Ekström et al., Technical Solutions for the 3G Long-Term Evolution, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 44, no. 3, Mar D. Falconer et al., Frequency Domain Equalization for Single- Carrier Broadband Wireless Systems, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 4, Apr H. Sari et al., Transmission Techniques for Digital Terrestrial TV Broadcasting, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 33, no. 2, Feb Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 60

62 Summary and Conclusions References and Resources - cont. LTE Spec SC-FDMA resource page Comprehensive list of SC-FDMA papers Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 61

63 Summary and Conclusions Final Word SC-FDMA Low PAPR Single Carrier FDMA Hyung G. Myung 62

64 Thank you! May 18, 2008 Hyung G. Myung

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