Wave Propagation and Antenna Engineering

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Wave Propagation and Antenna Engineering"

Transcription

1

2 Wave Propagation and Antenna Engineering

3

4 Wave Propagation and Antenna Engineering SANJAY KUMAR Air Commodore (Retd.) Former AOC, 9 BRD, IAF Pune and Former Principal Adviser Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE) DRDO, Bangalore SAURABH SHUKLA Scientist Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE) DRDO, Bangalore Delhi

5 WAVE PROPAGATION AND ANTENNA ENGINEERING Sanjay Kumar and Saurabh Shukla 2016 by PHI Learning Private Limited, Delhi. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher. Published by Asoke K. Ghosh, PHI Learning Private Limited, Rimjhim House, 111, Patparganj Industrial Estate, Delhi and Printed by Mohan Makhijani at Rekha Printers Private Limited, New Delhi

6 Dedicated to Our Beloved Parents

7

8 Contents Preface xvii 1. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics Introduction Spherical Coordinate System Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Some Important Vector Operations Time and Frequency Domain Representation Maxwell s Equations Helmholtz Equation or Vector Wave Equation Relationship between Decibels and Nepers Types of Medium Wave Equation in Free Space Wave Equation in Conductor (or Conducting Medium) Wave Equation in Good Conductor (or Good Conducting Medium) Wave Propagation in Lossless Dielectric (or Good Dielectric) Skin Depth Equation of Uniform Plane Wave Poynting Theorem and Poynting Vector Polarisation of Electromagnetic Wave Reflection and Transmission of EM Waves Transmission Lines Smith Chart 36 Summary 42 Review Questions 44 Multiple Choice Questions 44 Numerical Problems Wave Propagation-I: Ground and Space Wave Propagation Introduction Radio Wave Propagation 48 vii

9 viii Contents 2.3 Ground Wave (Surface Wave) Application Field Strength at Finite Distance due to Ground Waves Reflection from Flat Earth Reflection Coefficient of Horizontal Polarised Wave Reflection Coefficient of Vertical Polarised Wave Wave Tilt of Surface Wave Friis Free Space Equation Space Wave or Tropospheric Wave Propagation Space Wave Field Strength Normal Refraction Radio Horizon: Line of Sight (LOS) for Space Waves Equivalent Radius of Earth Factors Affecting Space Wave Propagation Effect of the Curvature of Earth s Surface Effect of Earth s Imperfections and Roughness Effect of Hills, Buildings and Other Obstacles Field Strength Variation with Height Effect of Polarisation of Space Wave Effect of Transition between Ground Wave and Space Wave Atmospheric Effects in Space Wave Propagation Refractive Index of Air Duct Propagation Tropospheric Scattering 88 Summary 89 Review Questions 91 Multiple Choice Questions 92 Numerical Problems Wave Propagation-II: Ionospheric Wave Propagation Introduction Earth s Atmosphere Troposphere Stratosphere Ionosphere Sky Wave or Ionospheric Wave Propagation Refractive Index of Ionosphere Plasma and Plasma Frequency (f p ) Critical Frequency (f c ) Maximum Usable Frequency (MUF) Maximum Usable Frequency (f MUF ) for Short Distance Communication Maximum Usable Frequency (f MUF ) for Long Distance Communication 107

10 Contents ix Optimum Working Frequency (OWF) Lowest Usable Frequency (LUF) Skip Distance Skip Zone (Dead Zone) Actual and Virtual Height Fading Multipath Fading Selective Fading Interference Fading Absorption Fading Polarisation Fading Skip Fading Diversity Schemes Time Diversity Frequency Diversity Space Diversity Polarisation Diversity Transmission Losses Effect of Earth s Magnetic Field Expression for Gyrofrequency Magneto-Ionic Theory Magneto-Ionic Splitting Faraday Rotation Variations in the Ionosphere Regular Variations Irregular Variations Energy Losses Due to Collisions in Ionosphere 132 Summary 133 Review Questions 134 Multiple Choice Questions 135 Numerical Problems Antenna Fundamentals Introduction Isotropic Radiator Average Power from an Isotropic Antenna Radiation Mechanism Types of Antenna Fundamental Antenna Parameters Antenna Input Impedance Antenna VSWR and Return Loss Antenna Bandwidth Radiation Pattern Antenna Radiation Lobes 155

11 Wave Propagation And Antenna Engineering 30% OFF Publisher : PHI Learning ISBN : Author : KUMAR, SANJAY, SHUKLA, SAURABH Type the URL : Get this ebook

# DEFINITIONS TERMS. 2) Electrical energy that has escaped into free space. Electromagnetic wave

# DEFINITIONS TERMS. 2) Electrical energy that has escaped into free space. Electromagnetic wave CHAPTER 14 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION # DEFINITIONS TERMS 1) Propagation of electromagnetic waves often called radio-frequency (RF) propagation or simply radio propagation. Free-space 2) Electrical

More information

1. What are the applications of loop antenna? (May2011) 2. Define Pattern Multiplication (May2011)

1. What are the applications of loop antenna? (May2011) 2. Define Pattern Multiplication (May2011) UNIT-II WIRE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS 1. What are the applications of loop antenna? (May2011) 2. Define Pattern Multiplication (May2011) 3. A uniform linear array contains 50 isotropic radiation with

More information

K. MAHADEVAN. Professor Electrical and Electronics Engineering PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul, Tamil Nadu C.

K. MAHADEVAN. Professor Electrical and Electronics Engineering PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul, Tamil Nadu C. Electrical Circuit Analysis K. MAHADEVAN Professor Electrical and Electronics Engineering PSNA College of Engineering and Technology Dindigul, Tamil Nadu C. CHITRA Professor Electronics and Communication

More information

Microwave Devices and Circuit Design

Microwave Devices and Circuit Design Microwave Devices and Circuit Design Ganesh Prasad Srivastava Vijay Laxmi Gupta MICROWAVE DEVICES and CIRCUIT DESIGN GANESH PRASAD SRIVASTAVA Professor (Retired) Department of Electronic Science University

More information

Electronic Instruments and Instrumentation Technology

Electronic Instruments and Instrumentation Technology Electronic Instruments and Instrumentation Technology M.M.S. Anand Electronic Instruments and Instrumentation Technology M.M.S. ANAND Professor Electronics and Instrumentation and Registrar Birla Institute

More information

Digital. Design. R. Ananda Natarajan B C D

Digital. Design. R. Ananda Natarajan B C D Digital E A B C D 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Design 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Y R. Ananda Natarajan Digital Design Digital Design R. ANANDA NATARAJAN Professor Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering

More information

RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION

RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION Physics and Applications CURT A. LEVIS JOEL T. JOHNSON FERNANDO L. TEIXEIRA The cover illustration is part of a figure from R.C. Kirby, "Introduction," Lecture 1 in NBS Course in

More information

Optical Communication and Networks M.N. Bandyopadhyay

Optical Communication and Networks M.N. Bandyopadhyay Optical Communication and Networks M.N. Bandyopadhyay Director National Institute of Technology (NIT) Calicut Delhi-110092 2014 OPTICAL COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS M.N. Bandyopadhyay 2014 by PHI Learning

More information

S.R.M. Institute of Science & Technology Deemed University School of Electronics & Communication Engineering

S.R.M. Institute of Science & Technology Deemed University School of Electronics & Communication Engineering S.R.M. Institute of Science & Technology Deemed University School of Electronics & Communication Engineering Question Bank Subject Code : EC401 Subject Name : Antennas and Wave Propagation Year & Sem :

More information

Chapter 15: Radio-Wave Propagation

Chapter 15: Radio-Wave Propagation Chapter 15: Radio-Wave Propagation MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Radio waves were first predicted mathematically by: a. Armstrong c. Maxwell b. Hertz d. Marconi 2. Radio waves were first demonstrated experimentally

More information

Antennas & wave Propagation ASSIGNMENT-I

Antennas & wave Propagation ASSIGNMENT-I Shri Vishnu Engineering College for Women :: Bhimavaram Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Antennas & wave Propagation 1. Define the terms: i. Antenna Aperture ii. Beam Width iii. Aperture

More information

INTRODUCTION TO RF PROPAGATION

INTRODUCTION TO RF PROPAGATION INTRODUCTION TO RF PROPAGATION John S. Seybold, Ph.D.,WILEY- 'interscience JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. Preface XIII 1. Introduction 1.1 Frequency Designations 1 1.2 Modes of Propagation 3 1.2.1 Line-of-Sight

More information

Polarization orientation of the electric field vector with respect to the earth s surface (ground).

Polarization orientation of the electric field vector with respect to the earth s surface (ground). Free space propagation of electromagnetic waves is often called radio-frequency (rf) propagation or simply radio propagation. The earth s atmosphere, as medium introduces losses and impairments to the

More information

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS P. Muthu Chidambara Nathan Associate Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu New Delhi-110001

More information

EEM.Ant. Antennas and Propagation

EEM.Ant. Antennas and Propagation EEM.ant/0304/08pg/Req: None 1/8 UNIVERSITY OF SURREY Department of Electronic Engineering MSc EXAMINATION EEM.Ant Antennas and Propagation Duration: 2 Hours Spring 2003/04 READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS Answer

More information

Ionospheric Propagation

Ionospheric Propagation Ionospheric Nick Massey VA7NRM 1 Electromagnetic Spectrum Radio Waves are a form of Electromagnetic Radiation Visible Light is also a form of Electromagnetic Radiation Radio Waves behave a lot like light

More information

3 Methods of radiocommunication

3 Methods of radiocommunication + + & & * * ) ) From the ITU Emergency Telecommunications handbook; prepared for the 54 th JOTA 2011. 3 Methods of radiocommunication 3.1 Frequencies Radio frequencies should be selected according to propagation

More information

EC ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION

EC ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION EC6602 - ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPAGATION FUNDAMENTALS PART-B QUESTION BANK UNIT 1 1. Define the following parameters w.r.t antenna: i. Radiation resistance. ii. Beam area. iii. Radiation intensity. iv. Directivity.

More information

KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Academic Year (Even Sem) QUESTION BANK (AUTT-R2008)

KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Academic Year (Even Sem) QUESTION BANK (AUTT-R2008) KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING Academic Year 2012-2013(Even Sem) QUESTION BANK (AUTT-R2008) SUBJECT CODE /NAME: EC 1352 / ANTENNEA AND WAVE PROPAGATION

More information

RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Frank Gustrau Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Germany WILEY A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Preface List of

More information

Amateur Radio License. Propagation and Antennas

Amateur Radio License. Propagation and Antennas Amateur Radio License Propagation and Antennas Todays Topics Propagation Antennas Propagation Modes Ground wave Low HF and below, ground acts as waveguide Line-of-Sight (LOS) VHF and above, radio waves

More information

KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK

KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK KINGS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUB.NAME : ANTENNAS & WAVE PROPAGATION SUB CODE : EC 1352 YEAR : III SEMESTER : VI UNIT I: ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS

More information

UNIT Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation?

UNIT Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation? UNIT 8 1. Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation? Fundamental Equation for Free Space Propagation Consider the transmitter power (P t ) radiated uniformly in all the directions (isotropic),

More information

Antennas and Propagation Chapters T4, G7, G8 Antenna Fundamentals, More Antenna Types, Feed lines and Measurements, Propagation

Antennas and Propagation Chapters T4, G7, G8 Antenna Fundamentals, More Antenna Types, Feed lines and Measurements, Propagation Antennas and Propagation Chapters T4, G7, G8 Antenna Fundamentals, More Antenna Types, Feed lines and Measurements, Propagation =============================================================== Antenna Fundamentals

More information

CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT

CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT Second Edition CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT Design and Drawing Volume I Suresh C. Maidargi CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT CHEMICAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT Design and Drawing VOLUME I Second Edition SURESH C. MAIDARGI

More information

BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE NATTARAMPALLI Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Unit 1

BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE NATTARAMPALLI Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Unit 1 BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE NATTARAMPALLI 635854 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Unit 1 Degree / Branch : B.E / ECE Sem / Year : 3 rd / 6 th Sub Name : Antennas & Wave Propagation Sub Code : EC6602

More information

ANTENNAS FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE WILEY. Yi Huang University of Liverpool, UK. Kevin Boyle NXP Semiconductors, UK

ANTENNAS FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE WILEY. Yi Huang University of Liverpool, UK. Kevin Boyle NXP Semiconductors, UK ANTENNAS FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE Yi Huang University of Liverpool, UK Kevin Boyle NXP Semiconductors, UK WILEY A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication Contents Preface Acronyms and Constants xi xiii 1

More information

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNIACTION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK

INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNIACTION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING Dundigal, Hyderabad - 500 04 ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNIACTION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK Course Name : Antennas and Wave Propagation (AWP) Course Code : A50418 Class :

More information

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5 Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5 Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

MICROWAVE ENGINEERING MICROWAVE ENGINEERING SANJEEVA GUPTA B.Sc. (Electrical) Electronics Engineering DINESH ARORA B.Sc. (Electrical) Electronics Engineering SATYA BHUSHAN SARNA B.Sec. (Electrical)Electronics Engineering PRASHANT

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation CMPE 477 Wireless and Mobile Networks Lecture 3: Antennas and Propagation Antennas Propagation Modes Line of Sight Transmission Fading in the Mobile Environment Introduction An antenna is an electrical

More information

OBJECTIVES: PROPAGATION INTRO RADIO WAVES POLARIZATION LINE OF SIGHT, GROUND WAVE, SKY WAVE IONOSPHERE REGIONS PROPAGATION, HOPS, SKIPS ZONES THE

OBJECTIVES: PROPAGATION INTRO RADIO WAVES POLARIZATION LINE OF SIGHT, GROUND WAVE, SKY WAVE IONOSPHERE REGIONS PROPAGATION, HOPS, SKIPS ZONES THE WAVE PROPAGATION OBJECTIVES: PROPAGATION INTRO RADIO WAVES POLARIZATION LINE OF SIGHT, GROUND WAVE, SKY WAVE IONOSPHERE REGIONS PROPAGATION, HOPS, SKIPS ZONES THE IONOSPHERIC LAYERS ABSORPTION AND FADING

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation Mobile Networks Module D-1 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction 2. Propagation modes 3. Line-of-sight transmission 4. Fading Slides adapted from Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second

More information

FCC Technician License Course

FCC Technician License Course FCC Technician License Course 2014-2018 FCC Element 2 Technician Class Question Pool Presented by: Tamiami Amateur Radio Club (TARC) WELCOME To the third of 4, 3-hour classes presented by TARC to prepare

More information

Chapter 6 Propagation

Chapter 6 Propagation Chapter 6 Propagation Al Penney VO1NO Objectives To become familiar with: Classification of waves wrt propagation; Factors that affect radio wave propagation; and Propagation characteristics of Amateur

More information

Session2 Antennas and Propagation

Session2 Antennas and Propagation Wireless Communication Presented by Dr. Mahmoud Daneshvar Session2 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction Types of Anttenas Free space Propagation 2. Propagation modes 3. Transmission Problems 4. Fading

More information

Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and

Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and optics p. 4 Communication systems p. 6 Radar systems p.

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

Chapter 7 HF Propagation. Ionosphere Solar Effects Scatter and NVIS

Chapter 7 HF Propagation. Ionosphere Solar Effects Scatter and NVIS Chapter 7 HF Propagation Ionosphere Solar Effects Scatter and NVIS Ionosphere and Layers Radio Waves Bent by the Ionosphere Daily variation of Ionosphere Layers Ionospheric Reflection Conduction by electrons

More information

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT : EC6602 ANTENNA AND WAVE PROPOGATION SEM / YEAR : VI / III

More information

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SUBJECT NAME:

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SUBJECT NAME: Chendu College of Engineering & Technology (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University) Zamin Endathur, Madurantakam, Kancheepuram, District 603311. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

More information

Principles of Planar Near-Field Antenna Measurements. Stuart Gregson, John McCormick and Clive Parini. The Institution of Engineering and Technology

Principles of Planar Near-Field Antenna Measurements. Stuart Gregson, John McCormick and Clive Parini. The Institution of Engineering and Technology Principles of Planar Near-Field Antenna Measurements Stuart Gregson, John McCormick and Clive Parini The Institution of Engineering and Technology Contents Preface xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 The phenomena

More information

MARIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, ATTOOR

MARIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, ATTOOR MARIA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, ATTOOR DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPOGATION 2 MARKS QUESTIONS & ANSWERS 1. Define an antenna. Unit.1 Antenna

More information

Ionospheric Propagation

Ionospheric Propagation Ionospheric Propagation Page 1 Ionospheric Propagation The ionosphere exists between about 90 and 1000 km above the earth s surface. Radiation from the sun ionizes atoms and molecules here, liberating

More information

Digital Signal Processing

Digital Signal Processing Digital Signal Processing Theory, Analysis and Digital-filter Design B. Somanathan Nair DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Theory, Analysis and Digital-filter Design B. SOMANATHAN NAIR Principal SHM Engineering

More information

Antennas & Propagation. CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman

Antennas & Propagation. CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman Antennas & Propagation CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors o Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space o Reception

More information

RF Propagation. By Tim Kuhlman, PE KD7RUS

RF Propagation. By Tim Kuhlman, PE KD7RUS RF Propagation By Tim Kuhlman, PE KD7RUS Purpose of this Seminar In this seminar we will attempt to answer the following questions: What is RF propagation? What are the different types of propagation?

More information

RF Propagation. By Tim Kuhlman, PE KD7RUS

RF Propagation. By Tim Kuhlman, PE KD7RUS RF Propagation By Tim Kuhlman, PE KD7RUS Purpose of this Seminar In this seminar we will attempt to answer the following questions: What is RF propagation? What are the different types of propagation?

More information

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P HF PROPAGATION PREDICTION METHOD* (Question ITU-R 223/3)

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P HF PROPAGATION PREDICTION METHOD* (Question ITU-R 223/3) Rec. ITU-R P.533-6 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.533-6 HF PROPAGATION PREDICTION METHOD* (Question ITU-R 223/3) Rec. ITU-R P.533-6 (1978-1982-1990-1992-1994-1995-1999) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering

More information

ADVANCED MODELING IN COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY

ADVANCED MODELING IN COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ADVANCED MODELING IN COMPUTATIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY DRAGAN POLJAK, PhD Department of Electronics University of Split, Croatia BICENTENNIAL 1 8 O 7 WILEY 2 O O 7 ICENTENNIAL WILEY-INTERSCIENCE

More information

Essentials of Radio Wave Propagation

Essentials of Radio Wave Propagation Essentials of Radio Wave Propagation If you need to maximise efficiency in wireless network planning an understanding of radio propagation issues is vital, and this quick reference guide is for you. Using

More information

ANTENNA THEORY. Analysis and Design. CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS Arizona State University. JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore

ANTENNA THEORY. Analysis and Design. CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS Arizona State University. JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore ANTENNA THEORY Analysis and Design CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS Arizona State University JOHN WILEY & SONS New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore Contents Preface xv Chapter 1 Antennas 1 1.1 Introduction

More information

Basic Electrical Engineering

Basic Electrical Engineering Basic Electrical Engineering S.N. Singh Basic Electrical Engineering S.N. Singh Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur PHI Learning Private Limited New Delhi-110001

More information

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Monojit Mitra SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SATELLITE COMMUNICATION MONOJIT MITRA Assistant Professor Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Bengal Engineering and

More information

Chapter 13: Wave Propagation. EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara

Chapter 13: Wave Propagation. EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara Chapter 13: Wave Propagation EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara Electrical to Electromagnetic Conversion Since the atmosphere is not a conductor of electrons (instead a good insulator), electrical

More information

Radio Network Planning & Optimization

Radio Network Planning & Optimization 2013 * This course is intended for Transmission Planning Engineers, Microwave Support Technicians, Project Managers, System Installation, test personal and Path design Engineers. This course give detail

More information

Get Discount Coupons for your Coaching institute and FREE Study Material at COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

Get Discount Coupons for your Coaching institute and FREE Study Material at   COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 1. BASICS OF COMMUNICATION 2. AMPLITUDE MODULATION Get Discount Coupons for your Coaching institute and FREE Study Material at www.pickmycoaching.com 1 BASICS OF COMMUNICATION 1.

More information

CONTENTS. Note Concerning the Numbering of Equations, Figures, and References; Notation, xxi. A Bridge from Mathematics to Engineering in Antenna

CONTENTS. Note Concerning the Numbering of Equations, Figures, and References; Notation, xxi. A Bridge from Mathematics to Engineering in Antenna CONTENTS Note Concerning the Numbering of Equations, Figures, and References; Notation, xxi Introduction: Theory, 1 A Bridge from Mathematics to Engineering in Antenna Isolated Antennas 1. Free Oscillations,

More information

UNIT V PROPAGATION The three basic types of propagation: Sky Wave Propagation: Space Wave Propagation: Ground Wave Propagation: Propagation of Waves

UNIT V PROPAGATION The three basic types of propagation: Sky Wave Propagation: Space Wave Propagation: Ground Wave Propagation: Propagation of Waves UNIT V PROPAGATION The three basic types of propagation: Ground wave, space wave and sky wave propagation. Sky Wave Propagation: Structure of the ionosphere Effective dielectric constant of ionized region

More information

ITU-R P Aeronautical Propagation Model Guide

ITU-R P Aeronautical Propagation Model Guide ATDI Ltd Kingsland Court Three Bridges Road Crawley, West Sussex RH10 1HL UK Tel: + (44) 1 293 522052 Fax: + (44) 1 293 522521 www.atdi.co.uk ITU-R P.528-2 Aeronautical Propagation Model Guide Author:

More information

right during the VE Session Have fun Bob, KA9BH Eric, K9VIC

right during the VE Session Have fun Bob, KA9BH Eric, K9VIC Radio Wave Propagation Teach you enough to get all right during the VE Session Learn a few things from you Have fun Finish everything on time (if the propagation questions about your experiences not a

More information

Sw earth Dw Direct wave GRw Ground reflected wave Sw Surface wave

Sw earth Dw Direct wave GRw Ground reflected wave Sw Surface wave WAVE PROPAGATION By Marcel H. De Canck, ON5AU Electromagnetic radio waves can propagate in three different ways between the transmitter and the receiver. 1- Ground waves 2- Troposphere waves 3- Sky waves

More information

RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Frank Gustrau Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Germany A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication

More information

Data and Computer Communications. Tenth Edition by William Stallings

Data and Computer Communications. Tenth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications Tenth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications, Tenth Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson Education - Prentice Hall, 2013 Wireless Transmission

More information

Basic Propagation Theory

Basic Propagation Theory S-7.333 POSTGRADUATE COURSE IN RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, AUTUMN 4 1 Basic Propagation Theory Fabio Belloni S-88 Signal Processing Laboratory, HUT fbelloni@hut.fi Abstract In this paper we provide an introduction

More information

Reading 28 PROPAGATION THE IONOSPHERE

Reading 28 PROPAGATION THE IONOSPHERE Reading 28 Ron Bertrand VK2DQ http://www.radioelectronicschool.com PROPAGATION THE IONOSPHERE The ionosphere is a region of the upper atmosphere extending from a height of about 60 km to greater than 500

More information

Radio Propagation Fundamentals

Radio Propagation Fundamentals Radio Propagation Fundamentals Concept of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Mechanisms Modes of Propagation Propagation Models Path Profiles Link Budget Fading Channels Electromagnetic (EM) Waves EM Wave

More information

DMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI EC ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION PART A (2 MARKS)

DMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHENNAI EC ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION PART A (2 MARKS) 1. Define an antenna. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EC6602 - ANTENNAS AND WAVE PROPAGATION UNIT I : FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIATION PART A (2 MARKS) Antenna is a transition device or

More information

Technician License Course Chapter 4

Technician License Course Chapter 4 Technician License Course Chapter 4 Propagation, Basic Antennas, Feed lines & SWR K0NK 26 Jan 18 The Antenna System Antenna: Facilitates the sending of your signal to some distant station. Feed line: Connects

More information

Lesson 12: Signal Propagation

Lesson 12: Signal Propagation Lesson 12: Signal Propagation Preparation for Amateur Radio Technician Class Exam Topics HF Propagation Ground-wave Sky-wave Ionospheric regions VHF/UHF Propagation Line-of-sight Tropospheric Bending and

More information

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P HF propagation prediction method *

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P HF propagation prediction method * Rec. ITU-R P.533-7 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.533-7 HF propagation prediction method * (Question ITU-R 3/3) (1978-198-1990-199-1994-1995-1999-001) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that

More information

Electromagnetics, Microwave Circuit and Antenna Design for Communications Engineering

Electromagnetics, Microwave Circuit and Antenna Design for Communications Engineering Electromagnetics, Microwave Circuit and Antenna Design for Communications Engineering Second Edition Peter Russer ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON artechhouse.com Contents Preface xvii Chapter 1 Introduction

More information

Rec. ITU-R P RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P *

Rec. ITU-R P RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P * Rec. ITU-R P.682-1 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.682-1 * PROPAGATION DATA REQUIRED FOR THE DESIGN OF EARTH-SPACE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (Question ITU-R 207/3) Rec. 682-1 (1990-1992) The

More information

The concept of transmission loss for radio links

The concept of transmission loss for radio links Recommendation ITU-R P.341-6 (09/2016) The concept of transmission loss for radio links P Series Radiowave propagation ii Rec. ITU-R P.341-6 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure

More information

Point to point Radiocommunication

Point to point Radiocommunication Point to point Radiocommunication SMS4DC training seminar 7 November 1 December 006 1 Technical overview Content SMS4DC Software link calculation Exercise 1 Point-to-point Radiocommunication Link A Radio

More information

HHTEHHH THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS Arizona State University

HHTEHHH THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN. CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS Arizona State University HHTEHHH THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CONSTANTINE A. BALANIS Arizona State University JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore Contents Preface V CHAPTER 1 ANTENNAS 1.1 Introduction

More information

Structure of the Lecture

Structure of the Lecture Structure of the Lecture Chapter 2 Technical Basics: Layer 1 Methods for Medium Access: Layer 2 Representation of digital signals on an analogous medium Signal propagation Characteristics of antennas Chapter

More information

Terrain Reflection and Diffraction, Part One

Terrain Reflection and Diffraction, Part One Terrain Reflection and Diffraction, Part One 1 UHF and VHF paths near the ground 2 Propagation over a plane Earth 3 Fresnel zones Levis, Johnson, Teixeira (ESL/OSU) Radiowave Propagation August 17, 2018

More information

Aperture Antennas. Reflectors, horns. High Gain Nearly real input impedance. Huygens Principle

Aperture Antennas. Reflectors, horns. High Gain Nearly real input impedance. Huygens Principle Antennas 97 Aperture Antennas Reflectors, horns. High Gain Nearly real input impedance Huygens Principle Each point of a wave front is a secondary source of spherical waves. 97 Antennas 98 Equivalence

More information

If maximum electron density in a layer is less than n', the wave will penetrate the layer

If maximum electron density in a layer is less than n', the wave will penetrate the layer UNIT-7 1. Briefly the describe the terms related to the sky wave propagation: virtual heights, critical frequency, maximum usable frequency, skip distance and fading? Ans: Sky wave propagation: It is also

More information

Project = An Adventure : Wireless Networks. Lecture 4: More Physical Layer. What is an Antenna? Outline. Page 1

Project = An Adventure : Wireless Networks. Lecture 4: More Physical Layer. What is an Antenna? Outline. Page 1 Project = An Adventure 18-759: Wireless Networks Checkpoint 2 Checkpoint 1 Lecture 4: More Physical Layer You are here Done! Peter Steenkiste Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer

More information

Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility

Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility Second Edition CLAYTON R. PAUL Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia and Emeritus Professor

More information

4/18/2012. Supplement T3. 3 Exam Questions, 3 Groups. Amateur Radio Technician Class

4/18/2012. Supplement T3. 3 Exam Questions, 3 Groups. Amateur Radio Technician Class Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS Technician Licensing Class Supplement T3 Radio Wave Characteristics 3 Exam Questions, 3 Groups T1 - FCC Rules, descriptions

More information

APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS: EARLY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH

APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS: EARLY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH APPLIED ELECTROMAGNETICS: EARLY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH STUART M. WENTWORTH Auburn University IICENTBN Nlfll 1807; WILEY 2 OO 7 ; Ttt^TlLtftiTTu CONTENTS CHAPTER1 Introduction 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

More information

4/29/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Radio Wave Propagation. Radio Wave Propagation. Radio Wave Propagation.

4/29/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Radio Wave Propagation. Radio Wave Propagation. Radio Wave Propagation. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G3 3 Exam Questions, 3 Groups G1 Commission s Rules G2 Operating Procedures G3 G4 Amateur Radio

More information

The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Second Edition

The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Second Edition The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Second Edition J. D. Parsons, DSc (Engl FREng, FlEE Emeritus Professor of Electrical Engineering University of Liverpool, UK JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD Chichester New York

More information

Study of Factors which affect the Calculation of Co- Channel Interference in a Radio Link

Study of Factors which affect the Calculation of Co- Channel Interference in a Radio Link International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174 Volume 8, Number 2 (2015), pp. 103-111 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Study of Factors which

More information

ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ANTENNA THEORY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN THIRD EDITION Constantine A. Balanis WILEY- INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS. INC.. PUBLICATION ial iel pi ial ial ial IBl ial ial ial pi Sl Contents Preface Xlll 1 Antennas

More information

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING TWO MARK QUESTION WITH ANSWER

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING TWO MARK QUESTION WITH ANSWER Chendu College of Engineering & Technology (Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated to Anna University) Zamin Endathur, Madurantakam, Kancheepuram, District 603311. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

More information

Adapted from Dr. Joe Montana (George mason University) Dr. James

Adapted from Dr. Joe Montana (George mason University) Dr. James ink Budget Adapted from Dr. Joe Montana (George mason University) Dr. James W. apean course notes Dr. Jeremy Allnutt course notes And some internet resources + Tim Pratt book 1 ink Power Budget Tx EIRP

More information

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION CHAPTER 2 RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION Radio direction finding (RDF) deals with the direction of arrival of radio waves. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the basic principles involved in the propagation

More information

Maximum Usable Frequency

Maximum Usable Frequency Maximum Usable Frequency 15 Frequency (MHz) 10 5 0 Maximum Usable Frequency Usable Frequency Window Lowest Usable Frequency Solar Flare 6 12 18 24 Time (Hours) Radio Blackout Usable Frequency Window Ken

More information

Channel Modeling and Characteristics

Channel Modeling and Characteristics Channel Modeling and Characteristics Dr. Farid Farahmand Updated:10/15/13, 10/20/14 Line-of-Sight Transmission (LOS) Impairments The received signal is different from the transmitted signal due to transmission

More information

CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS. M.D. Desai Professor of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Institute of Technology Nirma University Ahmedabad

CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS. M.D. Desai Professor of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Institute of Technology Nirma University Ahmedabad CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS M.D. Desai Professor of Instrumentation and Control Engineering Institute of Technology Nirma University Ahmedabad New Delhi-110001 2008 CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS M.D. Desai 2008

More information

Topics in Propagation

Topics in Propagation Topics in Propagation Extra Class Course Spring 2013 Andy Durbin k3wyc Propagation The magic that allows a signal to travel between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna. This course is limited

More information

Ionospheric Absorption

Ionospheric Absorption Ionospheric Absorption Prepared by Forrest Foust Stanford University, Stanford, CA IHY Workshop on Advancing VLF through the Global AWESOME Network VLF Injection Into the Magnetosphere Earth-based VLF

More information

Technical and operational characteristics of land mobile MF/HF systems

Technical and operational characteristics of land mobile MF/HF systems Recommendation ITU-R M.1795 (03/2007) Technical and operational characteristics of land mobile MF/HF systems M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.1795

More information

Lect2: EM Radio Waves and Antenna Operation

Lect2: EM Radio Waves and Antenna Operation Lect2: EM Radio Waves and Antenna Operation Dr. Yazid Khattabi Communication Systems Course EE Department University of Jordan 2018 Dr. Yazid Khattabi. The University of Jordan. 1 EM Radio Waves In wireless

More information

Microwave and RF Engineering

Microwave and RF Engineering Microwave and RF Engineering Volume 1 An Electronic Design Automation Approach Ali A. Behagi and Stephen D. Turner BT Microwave LLC State College, PA 16803 Copyrighted Material Microwave and RF Engineering

More information