Unit 0: Brief history, present and future of the wireless communications
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1 Unit 0: Brief history, present and future of the wireless communications Wireless communications course Ronal D. Montoya M. July 31, /16
2 Outline 1. Wireless communications history Milestones Some historical devices 2. Wireless communications present 2G Networks 3G Networks (IMT-2000) 4G Networks (LTE-A and m) Comparison between 2G, 3G and 4G networks 3. Future Future: 5G Networks Massive MIMO 4. NGN Networks 2/16
3 Wireless communications history milestones I 1886: Heinrich Hertz became the first person to transmit and receive controlled radio waves, based on the theory proposed by James Clerk Maxwell. 1906: Reginald Fesseden successfully transmits human voice over radio. Up until that time, radio communications consisted of transmissions of Morse Code. 1915: J. A. Fleming invents the vacuum tube making it possible to build mobile radios. 1. Wireless communications history 3/16
4 Wireless communications history milestones II 1921: The Detroit police department used a 2 MHz frequency in the department s first vehicular mobile radio. The system was only one way and police had to find a wireline phone to respond to radio messages. 1926: Charles Francis Jenkins patented a system for transmitting pictures over wireless s: Amplitude Modulation (AM) two-way mobile systems were in place in the U.S. that took advantage of newly developed mobile transmitters and utilized a push-to-talk or half-duplex transmission. By the end of the decade, channel allocation grew from 11 to Wireless communications history 4/16
5 Wireless communications history milestones III 1935: Invention of Frequency Modulation (FM) improved audio quality. FM eliminated the need for large AM transmitters and resulted in radio equipment which required less power to operate. This made the use of transmitters in vehicles more practical. 1939: Invention of the first aerial navigation system (VOR). 1947: D.H. Ring, working at Bell Laboratories, envisions the cellular concept. 1949: Radio Common Carriers (RCCs) were recognized. 1949, 1958: Bell Systems made broadband proposals. 1. Wireless communications history 5/16
6 Wireless communications history milestones IV 1957: First satellite with radio transmitter (Sputnik 1). 1962: First satellite to relay television, telephone and high-speed data communications (Telstar 1). 1964: AT&T introduces Improved Mobile Telephone System (IMTS). 1969: Nordic countries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden agree to form a group to study and recommend areas of cooperation in telecommunication. This led to the standardization of telecommunications for all members of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) group, the first comprehensive international standardization group. 1. Wireless communications history 6/16
7 Wireless communications history milestones V 1973: The NMT group specifies a feature allowing mobile telephones to be located within and across networks. This feature would become the basis for roaming. 1978: NAVSTAR (Father of GPS) porject began to launch satellites. It began to work in : Ericsson launches the world s first cellular system in Saudi Arabia based on the analog NMT 450 standard. 1991: The first digital cellular standard (GSM) is launched. 1. Wireless communications history 7/16
8 Some historical devices (a) First mass production TV: RCA 630-TS 1. Wireless communications history (b) First satellite launched: Sputnik 1 (c) First mass production mobile phone: Vodafone VT1 8/16
9 2G Networks They use CODEC s (information compression - decompression). They implement Forward Error Correction (FEC) algorithms. They implement TDMA and CDMA as a multiplexing techniques. They are very dependent on proximity and location to towers. The frequency of dropped calls and robotic-sounding voice becomes more prevalent. 2. Wireless communications present 9/16
10 3G Networks (IMT-2000) They are described by the 3GPP and 3GPP2 specifications. 3GPP is the evolution of GSM, named Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) specification. It includes Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). 3GPP2: CDMA G networks are not using the same frequency as the older 2G. Wireless operators had to secure new frequencies and install new cell sites. 2. Wireless communications present 10/16
11 4G Networks (LTE-A and m) They are defined by 3GPP LTE-Advance (LTE-A) and IEEE m specifications. They are based on an all IP packet switched network. Multimedia applications and services can be delivered to the user anytime and anywhere with a high data rate, premium QoS and high security. They have seamless mobility and interoperability with existing wireless standards. They use femtocell and picocells. They are spectrally efficient. They are able to dynamically allocate network resources in a cell and to support smooth handover. 2. Wireless communications present 11/16
12 Comparison between 2G, 3G and 4G networks Figure: 2G, 3G and 4G networks. 2. Wireless communications present 12/16
13 Future: 5G Networks 5G standard is yet to be set. Speed connections between 1 to 10Gbps. 1 ms end-to-end delay. Reduction of 90% in network energy usage. Between 10 to 100x number of connected devices per AP. 1000x bandwidth per unit area % of availability and 100% of coverage. Up to 10 years battery life for low power and machine-type devices. 3. Future 13/16
14 Types of wireless systems (Input - Output) Tx Rx Tx Rx SISO SIMO Tx Rx Tx Rx MISO MIMO Figure: Types of wireless systems, classified by its number of inputs - outputs. 3. Future 14/16
15 Massive MIMO A very large antenna array at each BS. A large number of users served simultaneously. Radiation pattern pointed in an efficient manner. Figure: Massive MIMO cell. 3. Future 15/16
16 Next Generation Netwoks (NGN) Digital and packet-based networks. They are able to make use of multiple broadband and QoS enabled transport technologies. Service related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. They offer unrestricted access by users to different service providers. They support generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users. 4. NGN Networks 16/16
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