ELEC Course Objectives/Proficiencies

Transcription

1 Lecture 1 -- to identify (and list examples of) intentional and unintentional receivers -- to list three (broad) ways of reducing/eliminating interference -- to explain the differences between conducted/radiated emissions/susceptibility -- to determine the speed-of-propagation of a wave, given frequency & dielectric constant -- to determine electrical length, given physical length & frequency & propagation medium -- to determine if an electromagnetic structure is electrically short or not -- to use decibels to represent powers-of to convert (RMS) voltage to decibels-referenced-to-1-microvolt and vice versa -- to convert power to decibels-referenced-to-1-milliwatt and vice versa -- to convert (RMS) voltage to dbm (and vice versa), given a system impedance (e.g. 50 ) -- to calculate cable loss given loss-in-db-per-ft & length of a cable -- to solve for voltage output from an RF source given power-delivered-to-50- and voltage measured across an impedance that is not 50 intentional vs. unintentional receiver, interference, source (emitter) vs. receptor, transfer/coupling path, compatibility, radiated vs. conducted, emission vs. susceptibility, electrical vs. physical length, gain, decibels, db, dbm, dbmv, dbmv/m, cable loss, attenuation Lecture 2 -- to identify the part of federal law relevant to regulating conducted & radiated emissions -- to explain which devices are regulated by FCC Part 15 Subpart B Title to identify which equipment is used to measure conducted & radiated emissions -- to list the conditions under which conducted & radiated emissions are tested -- to identify which frequencies are tested for conducted/radiated emissions -- to list the basic, necessary parts of an anechoic chamber -- to explain the function of each part of an anechoic chamber -- to explain the difference between a fully anechoic and a semi-anechoic chamber -- to determine (from FCC Part 15) the conducted emissions limit for a given frequency -- to determine (from FCC Part 15) the radiated emissions limit for a given frequency -- to determine whether a device would pass an FCC radiations-emissions test, given power received at a spectrum analyzer & cable loss & antenna factor & measurement distance FCC Part 15, Class A, Class B, spectrum analyzer, (semi-) anechoic chamber, LISN, equipment-under-test (EUT), broadband antenna, radio-frequency absorbing material, ground plane, RG58U 1

2 Lecture 3 -- to determine the Fourier transform of a given periodic time-domain function -- to plot the one-sided spectral bound of a trapezoid: -- to calculate the low-frequency amplitude, given amplitude & duty cycle -- to calculate the first breakpoint frequency, given fundamental frequency & duty cycle -- to calculate the second breakpoint frequency, given rise/fall time -- to interpolate along (or extrapolate from) the one-sided spectral bound of a trapezoid to estimate the amplitude of a frequency component (harmonic) within a digital signal -- to plot the Fourier spectrum of a trapezoidal waveform in Matlab -- to determine the reduction (in db) of a voltage after adding a capacitor/inductor to a circuit period, fundamental frequency, radian frequency, amplitude, harmonic, (linear) superposition, Fourier series, trapezoidal pulse, pulse width, duty cycle, sinc function, one-sided spectral bound, 20-dB-per-decade Lecture 4 -- to identify when transmission-line theory should be used to analyze a circuit -- to sketch transmission-line structures: wires, coaxial cable, microstrip -- to sketch the electric flux lines associated with a transmission-line structure -- to calculate characteristic impedance from inductance-per-length & capacitance-per-length -- to calculate reflection coefficient from termination impedance & characteristic impedance -- to calculate voltage launched onto a line from source impedance & characteristic impedance -- to calculate voltage reflected by a termination from line impedance & termination impedance -- to calculate propagation delay given speed-of-propagation & physical length -- to use a bounce diagram to determine voltage anywhere along a line as a function of time given source voltage & source impedance & line impedance & load impedance & delay -- to simulate the transient behavior of a transmission-line circuit (or cascade) in PSpice -- to perform series/parallel matching on a TL circuit to reduce/eliminate reflections interconnect, microstrip, stripline, parallel-plate line, coplanar waveguide, ribbon cable, transmission-line theory, per-unit-length parameters, rise time, fall time, delay, characteristic (line) impedance, reflection coefficient, bounce diagram, effective dielectric constant, propagation velocity, overshoot/ringing, series matching, parallel matching Lecture 5 -- to sketch the concentration of current along the cross section of a wire (at low f, high f ) -- to draw a more accurate circuit model of a wire, to include resistance/inductance/capacitance -- to draw a more accurate circuit model of a resistor, to include inductance/capacitance -- to draw a more accurate circuit model of an inductor, to include resistance/capacitance 2

3 -- to draw a more accurate circuit model of a capacitor, to include resistance/inductance -- to synthesize a circuit model from impedance-vs-frequency data -- to distinguish differential-mode from common-mode current -- to calculate differential- & common-mode components, given 2 currents & their directions -- to analyze an AC circuit containing a common-mode choke -- to simulate an AC circuit containing a common-mode choke in PSpice non-ideal resistor, non-ideal inductor, non-ideal capacitor, equivalent circuit model, wire, trace, lead, land, wire gauge, stranded wire, parasitic capacitance & inductance, lowfrequency resistance, high-frequency resistance, equivalent series resistance, selfresonant frequency, pi / T model, ferrite (bead), differential mode, common mode, common-mode choke Lecture 6 -- to list the 3 basic functions of a line impedance stabilization network -- to analyze a typical LISN circuit architecture (e.g. to determine its equivalent impedance) -- to trace the path of differential-mode and common-mode current through an LISN -- to simulate a typical LISN circuit using PSpice (and plot input impedance vs. frequency) -- to choose an appropriate filter to eliminate/block particular frequencies from a circuit -- to determine insertion loss (in db) given a circuit with & without a passive filter inserted -- to determine the value of an L or C required to achieve a desired insertion loss -- to analyze a typical power-supply filter architecture using symmetry conducted emissions, phase line, neutral line, AC power net(work), line impedance stabilization network, passive (lowpass, highpass, bandpass) filter, insertion loss Lecture 7 -- to identify an antenna by its physical construction (conductive, shaped, packaged) -- to determine voltage required to radiate a given power, given radiation resistance & efficiency -- to calculate voltage received from incident field & antenna factor -- to determine received power density, given transmitted power & frequency & gain & distance -- to determine electric field amplitude, given power density & intrinsic impedance -- to determine magnetic field amplitude, given electric field amplitude & intrinsic impedance antenna, reciprocity, antenna factor, short (Hertzian) dipole, half-wave dipole, (antenna) gain, effective area, radiation resistance, (antenna) impedance, intrinsic/wave impedance, Friis equation 3

4 Lecture 8 -- to identify when (exposed) conductors behave like (dipole) antennas -- to estimate electric field intensity near a pair of wires (for differential/common-mode current), given current amplitude & wire length & separation & frequency & distance away -- to identify a current probe by its construction & to explain its function -- to use a current-probe voltage and transfer impedance to calculate common-mode current wires as antennas, current probe, transfer impedance, radiated susceptibility, Lenz s Law, induced voltage/current Lecture 9 -- to sketch a multi-conductor transmission-line circuit (model) -- to explain voltage induced within a circuit from another nearby circuit using Lenz s Law -- to explain current induced within a circuit from a nearby circuit (from E and capacitance) -- to determine crosstalk (voltage) using a voltage-source/current-source circuit model -- to apply voltage and/or current division to calculate v/i at the near/far end termination -- to construct a crosstalk voltage transfer function (from source to near/far-end) given frequency & mutual inductance/capacitance & 4 impedances -- to determine crosstalk (voltage) given V S, f, L m, C m, R S, R L, R NE, R FE in the time domain for a trapezoidal source & in the frequency domain for a sinusoidal source -- to sketch voltage (amplitude, in db V) vs. frequency for capacitive and/or inductive crosstalk -- to approximate a derivative-with-respect-to-time using change-in-voltage and change-in-time -- to sketch capacitive/inductive crosstalk voltage vs. time for a trapezoidal voltage source -- to identify the physical source of common-impedance coupling -- to calculate CI coupling from resistance-per-unit-length in the reference/ground conductor -- to sketch voltage (amplitude, in db V) vs. frequency for common-impedance coupling -- to estimate the frequency at which CI crosstalk equals capacitive and/or inductive crosstalk -- to explain the effect that shielding (the generator or receptor wire) has on capacitive coupling -- to explain the effect that shielding has on inductive coupling (using Lenz s Law) -- to explain why a shield must be grounded at one/both ends of a TL structure to be effective -- to calculate the shield factor, given frequency & shield resistance & shield inductance -- to calculate the shield break frequency, given the shield factor as a function of frequency -- to sketch voltage (amplitude) vs. frequency for inductive coupling multiplied by a shield factor -- to determine the factor (in db) by which crosstalk (voltage amplitude) is reduced, when the shield is grounded at one/both ends of the transmission-line structure -- to (qualitatively) explain the effect that pigtails have on crosstalk -- to (quantitatively) explain the effect that multiple shields have on crosstalk -- to explain the effect that twisting (receptor or generator) wires has crosstalk -- to calculate inductive crosstalk for twisted wires, given a number of twists-per-meter 4

5 crosstalk, multi-conductor transmission line, generator vs. receptor vs. reference (conductor), source vs. load (resistance), near end vs. far end (resistance), self inductance, (self) capacitance, mutual inductance, mutual capacitance, inductive (magnetic) coupling, capacitive (electric) coupling, coupling coefficient, common impedance (coupling), lumped-element model, shield, ground at one end, ground at both ends, shield factor, shield break frequency, pigtail (wire) Lecture to list the advantages & disadvantages of encasing a device in a conductive shield -- to identify (visually) a full shield or a partial shield -- to explain how a thick layer of metal blocks electric field from reaching beyond it -- to state Babinet s principle, relevant to a shield with a opening (e.g. hole, slit) -- to distinguish between incident, transmitted, and reflected waves (and fields) -- to calculate skin depth, given a particular material (i.e. a particular conductivity) -- to calculate absorption loss, given shield thickness & frequency & conductivity -- to calculate reflection loss, given frequency & conductivity & permeability -- to distinguish between far-field and near-field (away from a source of radiation) -- to calculate near-field absorption & reflection losses shielding effectiveness, Babinet s principle, skin depth, absorption loss, reflection loss, near field vs. far field, surface transfer impedance Lecture to remember principles (during a circuit design) to minimize (potential) interference: minimize the dielectric constant of spaces (boards) which carry electric signals maximize the conductivity of signal & ground wires/planes avoid using the sharpest rise & fall times for digital pulse waveforms use the minimum RF frequency that is adequate for transmission match impedances of components/lines in cascade, whenever possible shorten all interconnect (wires/traces/leads/lands) to minimum lengths place solder-pads to add filters near high-frequency chips/components when adding passive components to filter, choose minimum values & sizes for L and C place ferrite beads along power lines to block radio frequencies minimize the area spanned by all circuit loops (e.g. power, to component, to ground) 5