Propagation Characteristics of a Mobile Radio Channel for Rural, Suburban and Urban Environments

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Propagation Characteristics of a Mobile Radio Channel for Rural, Suburban and Urban Environments"

Transcription

1 Propagation Characteristics of a Mobile Radio Channel for Rural, Suburban and Urban Environments Mr. ANIL KUMAR KODURI, Mr. VSRK. SHARMA 2, Mr. M. KHALEEL ULLAH KHAN 3, STUDENT, M.TECH 2,3 ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF ECE, KRISHNA MURTHY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING ABSTRACT With the introduction of high speed data transmission over wireless networks, higher carrier frequencies and due to increase in buildings and other obstacles in the environment, transmission losses have been a major parameter while setting up a wireless network. Transmission channel analysis is done before setting up of a wireless network to estimate the parameters like the coverage area, link budget, SNR, cell capacity etc. There are two types of variations of radio signals. First, the long-term variations where the average value of signal depends on its distance, carrier frequency, antenna height, atmospheric conditions and so on which results in loss of signal power at the receiver. The second type of variation, short-term variations, is due to multipath reflections and Doppler and degrades the quality of signal received at the receiver. In this project the Hata-Okumura model was employed for estimating the pathloss experienced by the signal in the wireless channel. The pathloss variation in Rural, Urban and Suburban environments is described with respect to the change in parameters like antenna heights, carrier frequency and separation between transmitter and receiver. Also the sum of sinusoids method is used for evaluating the received signal for various multipath environments and the effect of Doppler spread on the signal and generated Rayleigh and Rician channel. Keywords: Pathloss models, Propagation characteristics, Large scale variations of Wireless networks, Short term variations of Wireless networks.. INTRODUCTION Large-scale variations can be observed in a signal over large distances. Received power or its reciprocal, pathloss, is generally the most important parameter predicted by large scale propagation models. Large-scale variations in a signal are mainly due to Pathloss and shadowing. Pathloss is caused by dissipation of the power radiated by the transmitter as well as by effects of the propagation channel. Path-loss models generally assume that pathloss is the same at a given transmit receive distance (assuming that the path-loss model does not include shadowing effects)[]. Shadowing is caused by obstacles between the transmitter and receiver that attenuate signal power through absorption, reflection, scattering, and diffraction. When the attenuation is strong, the signal is blocked. Received power variation due to pathloss occurs over long distances, whereas variation due to shadowing occurs over distances that are proportional to the length of the obstructing object. In urban or dense urban areas, there may not be any direct line-of-sight path between a mobile and a base station antenna. Instead, the signal may arrive at a mobile station over a number of different paths after being reflected from tall buildings, towers, and so on. Because the signal received over each path has a random amplitude and phase, the instantaneous value of the composite signal is found to vary randomly about a local mean. Since these variations are rapid and occur over short distances these variations are termed as short term variations[3]. The prediction of pathloss is a very important step in planning a mobile radio system, and accurate prediction methods are needed to determine the parameters of a radio system which will provide efficient and reliable coverage of a specific service area. Earlier the factors influencing the radio signal are explained and with that knowledge we develop a mobile propagation model. The mobile radio channel is usually evaluated from 'statistical' propagation models: Three types of channel models are proposed to model wireless channels: Empirical channel models, Statistical channel models and Semi-empirical models. Out of these models, Empirical channel models are derived based on a large amount of experimentally obtained data. These models have a higher efficiency but are complex to design as the variable parameters increase. The area mean is directly related to the pathloss, which predicts how the area mean varies with the distance between the BS and MS. Early studies by Okumura and Hata yielded empirical pathloss models for urban, suburban, and rural areas that are accurate to within db for distances ranging from to 2 km and this analysis is best suitable for Large scale analysis of mobile radio signal. In this, Statistical Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 3

2 channel models are derived by assuming various probability distributions to the signal parameters like the angle of arrival, path delays etc. such models have lower accuracies but are easy to derive and may aid in estimation of channel performance. In this paper, we used Rayleigh channel model for the analysis of Multipath environment, Rician channel model has been used for Doppler spreads. 2. CHANNEL MODELS FOR LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS Large scale variations are very slow and are calculated over a large area. These variations are generally assumed to have lognormal distribution. Empirical channel models have been the best for analysis of large scale variations in this section; we present some models which we will use in this paper for large scale variation analysis[3]. 2. HATA-OKUMARA MODEL The Hata-okumura model is a version developed for use in computerized coverage prediction tools. Hata obtained mathematical expressions by fitting the empirical curves provided by Okumura[4]. Expressions for calculating the pathloss, L (db) (between isotropic antennas) for urban, suburban and rural environments are provided. For flaturban areas, (2.) where is in MHz, and are in meters and d in km. Parameter is the BS effective antenna height and is the MS height, and d is the radio path length. For an MS antenna height of.5 m,. Model corrections are given next. The values of A, n are determined by the operating frequency, antenna heights and other influencing factors. For example, if the base station antenna height is 5 m and the mobile antenna height.5 m, the model gives the following pathloss at 9 MHz for a typical urban area: (2.2) Notice that the pathloss at km from the transmitter is 23.33dB. Similarly, the pathloss for the same antenna heights at,9mhz is given by (2.3) The pathloss in suburban and open areas is less than in urban areas. For example, at,95 MHz, this improvement in pathloss isabout 2 db for suburban and 32 db for open areas. Corrections for determining pathloss in suburban and rural areas are also determined by Hata as for a medium-small city, For a large city, (2.4) (2.5) For a suburban area, (2.6) (2.7) For rural areas, The model is valid for the following range of input parameters: (2.8) Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 3

3 Some years ago, in view of the need to deploy higher frequency systems, such as the GSM at 8 MHz or PCS at 9 MHz, a new revision of the Hata model (COST 23-Hata) Coverage and Interference 65 was developed using similar methods to those used by Hata. The COST 23-Hata model follows the expression: where (2.9) has the same expression as in the original model for a medium-small city and C m is equal to db for medium-size cities and suburban cities, and equal to 3 db for metropolitan cities. The validity of this modification is the same as for the original model, except for the frequency range which 2.2 SIGNAL VARIATIONS COMPARISON IN RURAL, SUBURBAN AND URBAN AREAS In propagation studies for mobile radio, a qualitative description of the environment is often employed using terms such as rural, suburban, urban and dense urban. Dense urban areas are generally defined as being dominated by tall buildings, office blocks and other commercial buildings, whereas suburban areas comprise residential houses, gardens and parks. The term rural defines open farmland with sparse buildings, woodland and forests. So far, we have only discussed signal variations in urban areas. Because the effect of the environmental clutter in suburban or rural areas is not as severe, the average signal level in these areas is comparatively better[2]. This improvement in the signal levels increases with frequencies, but does not appear to depend on the distance between base stations and mobile terminals or on the antenna heights. With the help of some examples evaluated, we can observe the variation of signal levels in rural, sub-urban and urban areas. Improvement in signal level with distance According to Hata model, For an transmitting antenna height ht =3.48 m; Receiving antenna height hr = 3m; Carrier frequency fc = 85Mhz Pathloss in urban areas Pathloss in rural areas Pathloss in sub-urban areas Where, d is in Km (2.) (2.) (2.2) p a th lo s s (d b ) Urban Rural Sub-urban distance(km) Figure 2.: Comparison between pathloss in urban, sub urban and rural areas with change in distance Improvement in signal level with antenna height: For a Receiving antenna height hr = 3m; Distance between transmitter and receiver d = 2km Carrier frequency Pathloss in urban areas Pathloss in rural areas (2.3) Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 32

4 Pathloss in sub-urban areas Where is transmitter height in meters p a th lo s s (d b ) Urban Rural Sub-urban antena height(m) Figure 2.2: Comparison between pathloss in urban, sub urban and rural areas with change in antenna heights Improvement in signal level with frequency: For a transmitting antenna height ht = 3.48 m Receiving antenna height hr = 3m Distance between transmitter and receiver d = 2km Pathloss in urban areas Pathloss in rural areas Pathloss in sub-urban areas p a th lo s s (d b ) 22 2 Urban Rural Sub-urban frequency(mhz) Figure 2.3: Comparison between pathloss in urban, sub urban and rural areas with change in carrier frequencies Signal level improvement is high with change in frequency when compared with change in other parameters in rural and urban areas[6]. Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 33

5 3. CHANNEL MODELS FOR SHORT TERM ANALYSIS Short term variations are are rapid and occur over short distances. These variations are generally assumed due to Multipath environment and Doppler spreads. Statistical channel models have been the best for analysis of Short term variations in this section; we present some models which we will use in this paper for Short term variation analysis[8]. 3. SIMULATION MODEL OF A MOBILE RADIO CHANNEL Consider the transmission of the band-pass signal where is the channel response at time t due to an impulse applied at time and is the dirac delta function. When the Line of sight component is present, the signal is assumed to undergo fading which follows Rician distribution and when the Line of sight component is absent, the signal undergoes fading corresponding to Rayleigh distribution. In the next section we present these distribution functions and equations for Rayleigh and Rician channel transfer functions RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL The path between the base station and mobile stations of terrestrial mobile communications is characterized by various obstacles and reflections[2]. The general characteristics of radio wave propagation in terrestrial mobile communications are shown in Figure 3.. The radio wave transmitted from a base station radiates in all directions these radio waves, including reflected waves that are reflected off of various obstacles, diffracted waves, scattering waves, and the direct wave from the base station to the mobile station. In this case, since the path lengths of the direct, reflected, diffracted, and scattering waves are different, the time each takes to reach the mobile station will be different. Figure 3.: Principle of multipath channel. Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 34

6 In addition the phase of the incoming wave varies because of reflections. As a result, the receiver receives a superposition consisting of several waves having different phase and times of arrival[7]. The generic name of a radio wave in which the time of arrival is retarded in comparison with this direct wave is called a delayed wave. Then, the reception environment characterized by a superposition of delayed waves is called a multipath propagation environment. In a multipath propagation environment, the received signal is sometimes intensified or weakened. This phenomenon is called multipath fading, and this section discusses the concept of multipath fading and explains a programming method for simulations of multipath fading[8]. Let us begin with the mechanism by which fading occurs. The delayed wave with incident angle n is given by (3.7) corresponding to Figure 3., when a continuous wave of single frequency fc (Hz) is transmitted from the base station. where Re[ ] indicates the real part of a complex number that gives the complex envelope of the incoming wave from the direction of the number n. Moreover, j is a complex number. en(t ) is given in (2.) by using the propagation path length from the base station of the incoming waves: L n (m), the speed of mobile station, v (m/s), and the wavelength, λ(m). where Rn and fn are the envelope and phase of the nth incoming wave. x n (t ) and y n (t ) are the in-phase and quadrature phase factors of t, respectively. The incoming nth wave shifts the carrier frequency by the Doppler effect. This is e n called the Doppler shift in land mobile communication. This Doppler shift, which is described as fd, has a maximum value of n/l, when the incoming wave comes from the running direction of mobile station in cosθ n =. Then, this maximum is the largest Doppler shift. The delayed wave that comes from the rear of the mobile station also has a frequency shift of -fd (Hz). It is shown by (4.9), since received wave r(t) received in mobile station is the synthesis of the above-mentioned incoming waves, when the incoming wave number is made to be N. where x(t ) and y (t ) are given by and x(t) and y(t) are normalized random processes, having an average value of and dispersion of σ, when N is large enough. We have (3.24) for the combination probability density p(x, y), where x = x(t), y = y (t) In addition, it can be expressed as r (t) using the amplitude and phase of the received wave. R(t) and are given by By using a transformation of variables, p(x,y) can be converted into p(r, ) By integrating p(r, ) over q from to 2, we obtain the probability density function p(r) Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 35

7 Moreover, we can obtain the probability density function p( ) by integrating p(r, ) over R from to From these equations, the envelope fluctuation follows a Rayleigh distribution, and the phase fluctuation follows a uniform distribution on the fading in the propagation path[6]. Next, let us try to find an expression for simulations of this Rayleigh fading. Here, the mobile station receives the radio wave, the arrival angle of the receiving incoming wave is uniformly distributed, and the wave number of the incoming waves is N. In this case, the complex fading fluctuation in an equivalent lowpass system is, Consider an unmodulated signal S(t)=cos(2πf c t). Let α n be the angle of arrival of nth ray at the receiver. Φ n be the phase shift of nth ray due to multipath. v be the velocity of the receiver and w d be the Doppler shift. Assume there are N scaterers in the environment. The received signal will be of the form We consider the second product term as the low pass equivalent response of the channel and is evaluated as It should be obvious at this point why simulators which produce signals of the form of equation, or equivalently equation, are called sum-of-sinusoids simulators[2]. The distinguishing feature of this type of simulator is that it contains a low-frequency oscillator for each Doppler shift, wn=w d cos(α n ), i.e., is made up of N oscillators. A general relation between the C n s and the pdf of the angles of arriva is supplied by Jakes as where f(α n ) is the pdf of the nth angle of arrival and the c n 's may be interpreted as the power ratio received within the small arc dα n, about the angle of arrivaα n.the first step taken by Jakes is to restrict the angles of arriva from being uniform i.e, f α (α )= f α2 (α 2 )=.=f αn (α N )=/2π to be uniformly spaced. And according to the formula This, in turn, leads to the attenuation along the N paths being equal, i.e, This amounts to observing that since the pdf of the angles of arrival f(α n ) is uniform, the power received in each arc dα n, is the same, as long as the α n,are uniformly spaced. So equation (3.2) becomes Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 36

8 When expanded the equation becomes Where n and n are uniformly distributed over to 2π. W d =Doppler frequency shift and N=number of scaterers. The Doppler frequency shift is calculated by Where v=mobile velocity, λ=wavelength of the carrier signal. The level crossing rate and average fade duration are given by the formula Where ρ=fade level N o r m a l i s e d a m p li t u d e Figure 3.2: Rayleigh channel response for a relative velocity of 5m/s generated by sum of sinusoids method We can calculate response of channel for different velocities of receiver by changing the value of wd in the MATLAB code according to the equation Normalised amplitude Figure 3.3: Rayleigh channel response for a relative velocity of m/s generated by sum of sinusoids method Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 37

9 Observations- The level crossing rate (LCR) for a velocity of m/s is more than the level crossing rate for a velocity of 5m/s for a fade level of. The average fade duration (AFD) for a velocity of m/s is more than the level average fade duration for a velocity of 5m/s for a fade level of 3.2 SPECIAL CASE OF RAYLEIGH FADING SIMULATOR For the simulation equation mentioned in 3.27, there is an exceptional case when the mobile receiver is stationary (w d =). For simplicity of implementation, we have assumed both the angles of arrival and the phase shift due to Multipath are assumed to be uniformly distributed over to 2π[2]. But in case when w d =, 3.36 reduces to We can observe that the equation is independent of time. This shows that when the receiver is stationary, the received signal experiences a constant attenuation and a constant phase shift due to multipath components. If uniform distribution of n is assumed in this case, the multipath components cancel each other for even number of scaterers and resulting in received signal. So we simulate this case by assuming to have N random values between to 2π. Figure 3.4 shows the comparison between transmitted and received signals when only multipath effect is present.for such a system, the received output is an attenuated and phase shifted version of the original wave. For an input signal, Tx(t)= cos(2πf c t) ; The received signal through the channel simulated is ; Rx(t)=.66 cos(2πf c t-.334).8 transmitted signal.6 recieved signal n o r m a l i s e d a m p l i t u d e Figure 3.4: Received and transmitted signals when receiver is stationary x RICIAN CHANNEL Rician distribution is used to model the channel when a direct line of site component exists between the transmitter and receiver in addition with the multipath components[3]. It can be expressed as a phasor sum of a constant and a number of scattering point sources. Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 38

10 Where K is the ratio of multipath to direct component and and are angle of incidence and initial phase of direct component respectively. Table 3.: Normalised amplitude of the signal at various time instances received at a receiver moving with velocity of 5m/s and k=3 Time(msec) Normalised amplitude of received signal Normalised amplitude Figure 3.5: Rician channel response for a relative velocity of 5m/s and K=3 generated by sum of sinusoids method Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 39

11 Table 3.2: Normalised amplitude of the signal at various time instances received at a receiver moving with velocity of 5m/s and k=6 Time(msec) Normalised amplitude of received signal Noramlised amplitude Figure 3.6: Rician channel response for a relative velocity of 5m/s and K=6 generated by sum of sinusoids method Table 3.3: Normalised amplitude of the signal at various time instances received at a receiver moving with velocity of m/s and k=3 Time(msec) Normalised amplitude of received signal Noramlised amplitude Figure 3.7: Rician channel response for a relative velocity of m/s and K=3 generated by sum of sinusoids method Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 4

12 Table 3.3 Normalised amplitude of the signal at various time instances received at a receiver moving with velocity of m/s and k=6 Time(msec) Normalised amplitude of received signal Noramlised amplitude Figure 3.8: Rician channel response for a relative velocity of m/s and K=6 generated by sum of sinusoids method 4. CONCLUSION In this paper, we have proposed certain empirical models for studying the pathloss and its dependence on various factors like distances between the transmitter and the receiver, antenna heights and frequency. We have simulated the results in MATLAB. We have compared these variations in Urban Rural, and Suburban areas. Also, discussed the short term fluctuations experienced by the signal. In this paper, we have designed a transfer function to analyse the performance of different modulation techniques in a channel and calculate the LCR and AFD. With the knowledge of these parameters, the bit error rate can be calculated and thereby suitable coding scheme can be evaluated. We have also simulated the effect of relative velocity of receiver and transmitter on the performance of the communication system. This pathloss modelling and analysis can be extended easily to satellite wireless communication channel. REFERENCES [] T.S Rappaport, Wireless Communications, Chs. 3 and 4, Upper Sadle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 996. [2] Rayleigh Fading Channels in Mobile Digital Communication Systems, Bernard Sklar, Communication Engineering Services. [3] D. Greenwood and L. Hanzo, Characterisation of Mobile Radio Channels. [4] M. Hata, Empirical Formulae for Propagation Loss in Land Mobile Radio Services, IEEE Trans. Vehic. Tech, Vol. VT-29, No.3, 98. [5] Ali Abdi, Wing C. Lau and Mostafa Kaveh, A New Simple Model for Land Mobile Satellite Channel: First- and Second-Order Statistics, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, Vol. 2, No. 3, May, 23. [6] Simulation and Software Radio for Mobile Communications, Hiroshi Harada, Ranjee Prasad. [7] Gordan L. Stuber, Principles of Mobile Communication, Second Edition. [8] Branka Veucetic and Jun Du, IEEE Journal on Selected areas in Communications, Vol., No. 8, October, 992. Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 4

13 [9] Modelling the Wireless Propagation Channel, F. Pe rez Fonta and P. Martin Espin ~ eira, University of Virgo, Spain. [] Hess, G.C, Hand Book of Land-Mobile Radio Sy Volume 2, Issue 9, September 24 Page 42

Simulation of Outdoor Radio Channel

Simulation of Outdoor Radio Channel Simulation of Outdoor Radio Channel Peter Brída, Ján Dúha Department of Telecommunication, University of Žilina Univerzitná 815/1, 010 6 Žilina Email: brida@fel.utc.sk, duha@fel.utc.sk Abstract Wireless

More information

Modelling of WCDMA Base Station Signal in Multipath Environment

Modelling of WCDMA Base Station Signal in Multipath Environment Volume 3, Issue 3, March 4 ISSN 39-4847 Modelling of WCDMA Base Station Signal in Multipath Environment Ch Usha Kumari, G Sasi Bhushana Rao Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, G Narayanamma

More information

Revision of Lecture One

Revision of Lecture One Revision of Lecture One System blocks and basic concepts Multiple access, MIMO, space-time Transceiver Wireless Channel Signal/System: Bandpass (Passband) Baseband Baseband complex envelope Linear system:

More information

Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models

Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Introduction Propagation

More information

Revision of Lecture One

Revision of Lecture One Revision of Lecture One System block Transceiver Wireless Channel Signal / System: Bandpass (Passband) Baseband Baseband complex envelope Linear system: complex (baseband) channel impulse response Channel:

More information

Channel. Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Multi-Path Fading. Dr. Noor M Khan EE, MAJU

Channel. Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Multi-Path Fading. Dr. Noor M Khan EE, MAJU Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M. Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (Lab) Fax: +9

More information

The Radio Channel. COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson. [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P.

The Radio Channel. COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson. [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P. The Radio Channel COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P. Steenkiste] Motivation The radio channel is what limits most radio

More information

CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FADING CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING

CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FADING CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FADING CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING A graduate project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Electrical

More information

UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2013

UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2013 UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Spring 2013 Abul Kaosher abul.kaosher@nsn.com Mobile: 99 27 10 19 1 UNIK4230: Mobile Communications Propagation characteristis of wireless channel Date: 07.02.2013 2 UNIK4230:

More information

Antennas & Propagation. CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman

Antennas & Propagation. CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman Antennas & Propagation CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors o Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space o Reception

More information

Analysis of Fast Fading in Wireless Communication Channels M.Siva Ganga Prasad 1, P.Siddaiah 1, L.Pratap Reddy 2, K.Lekha 1

Analysis of Fast Fading in Wireless Communication Channels M.Siva Ganga Prasad 1, P.Siddaiah 1, L.Pratap Reddy 2, K.Lekha 1 International Journal of ISSN 0974-2107 Systems and Technologies IJST Vol.3, No.1, pp 139-145 KLEF 2010 Fading in Wireless Communication Channels M.Siva Ganga Prasad 1, P.Siddaiah 1, L.Pratap Reddy 2,

More information

Multi-Path Fading Channel

Multi-Path Fading Channel Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M. Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (Lab) Fax: +9

More information

ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading

ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2003 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily

More information

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development. Performance Comparison of Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channel Models: A Review

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development. Performance Comparison of Rayleigh and Rician Fading Channel Models: A Review Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF): 5.71 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 5, Issue 02, February -2018 e-issn (O): 2348-4470 p-issn (P): 2348-6406 Performance

More information

ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading

ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2005 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily

More information

Review of Path Loss models in different environments

Review of Path Loss models in different environments Review of Path Loss models in different environments Mandeep Kaur 1, Deepak Sharma 2 1 Computer Scinece, Kurukshetra Institute of Technology and Management, Kurukshetra 2 H.O.D. of CSE Deptt. Abstract

More information

Chapter 2 Channel Equalization

Chapter 2 Channel Equalization Chapter 2 Channel Equalization 2.1 Introduction In wireless communication systems signal experiences distortion due to fading [17]. As signal propagates, it follows multiple paths between transmitter and

More information

Session2 Antennas and Propagation

Session2 Antennas and Propagation Wireless Communication Presented by Dr. Mahmoud Daneshvar Session2 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction Types of Anttenas Free space Propagation 2. Propagation modes 3. Transmission Problems 4. Fading

More information

ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading

ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS Wireless Communication Systems Winter Lecture 6: Fading ECE 476/ECE 501C/CS 513 - Wireless Communication Systems Winter 2004 Lecture 6: Fading Last lecture: Large scale propagation properties of wireless systems - slowly varying properties that depend primarily

More information

Channel Modeling and Characteristics

Channel Modeling and Characteristics Channel Modeling and Characteristics Dr. Farid Farahmand Updated:10/15/13, 10/20/14 Line-of-Sight Transmission (LOS) Impairments The received signal is different from the transmitted signal due to transmission

More information

Part 4. Communications over Wireless Channels

Part 4. Communications over Wireless Channels Part 4. Communications over Wireless Channels p. 1 Wireless Channels Performance of a wireless communication system is basically limited by the wireless channel wired channel: stationary and predicable

More information

Channel Models. Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1

Channel Models. Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1 Channel Models Spring 2017 ELE 492 FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS 1 Narrowband Channel Models Statistical Approach: Impulse response modeling: A narrowband channel can be represented by an impulse

More information

EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss

EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss EENG473 Mobile Communications Module 3 : Week # (12) Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Path Loss Introduction Small-scale fading is used to describe the rapid fluctuation of the amplitude of a radio

More information

PROPAGATION MODELING 4C4

PROPAGATION MODELING 4C4 PROPAGATION MODELING ledoyle@tcd.ie 4C4 http://ledoyle.wordpress.com/temp/ Classification Band Initials Frequency Range Characteristics Extremely low ELF < 300 Hz Infra low ILF 300 Hz - 3 khz Ground wave

More information

MODELLING OF GPS SIGNAL LARGE SCALE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS IN URBAN AREAS FOR PRECISE NAVIGATION

MODELLING OF GPS SIGNAL LARGE SCALE PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS IN URBAN AREAS FOR PRECISE NAVIGATION Int. J. Elec&Electr.Eng&Telcomm. 2012 G Sateesh Kumar et al., 2012 Research Paper ISSN 2319 2518 www.ijeetc.com Vol. 1, No. 1, October 2012 2012 IJEETC. All Rights Reserve MODELLING OF GPS SIGNAL LARGE

More information

Wireless Channel Propagation Model Small-scale Fading

Wireless Channel Propagation Model Small-scale Fading Wireless Channel Propagation Model Small-scale Fading Basic Questions T x What will happen if the transmitter - changes transmit power? - changes frequency? - operates at higher speed? Transmit power,

More information

Narrow- and wideband channels

Narrow- and wideband channels RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 3 Narrow- and wideband channels Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se 2012-03-19 Ove Edfors - ETIN15 1 Contents Short review

More information

CHAPTER 2 WIRELESS CHANNEL

CHAPTER 2 WIRELESS CHANNEL CHAPTER 2 WIRELESS CHANNEL 2.1 INTRODUCTION In mobile radio channel there is certain fundamental limitation on the performance of wireless communication system. There are many obstructions between transmitter

More information

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5 Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

Performance Analysis of Fading and Interference over MIMO Systems in Wireless Networks

Performance Analysis of Fading and Interference over MIMO Systems in Wireless Networks Performance Analysis of Fading and Interference over MIMO Systems in Wireless Networks Hadimani.H.C 1, Mrityunjaya.V. Latte 2 1 Associate Professor, Rural Engineering College, Hulkoti, Gadag District,

More information

Chapter 3. Mobile Radio Propagation

Chapter 3. Mobile Radio Propagation Chapter 3 Mobile Radio Propagation Based on the slides of Dr. Dharma P. Agrawal, University of Cincinnati and Dr. Andrea Goldsmith, Stanford University Propagation Mechanisms Outline Radio Propagation

More information

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Fading Channel. Base Station

Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Fading Channel. Base Station Fading Lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noor M Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (ARWiC

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

Effects of Fading Channels on OFDM

Effects of Fading Channels on OFDM IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) e-issn: 2250-3021, p-issn: 2278-8719, Volume 2, Issue 9 (September 2012), PP 116-121 Effects of Fading Channels on OFDM Ahmed Alshammari, Saleh Albdran, and Dr. Mohammad

More information

Narrow- and wideband channels

Narrow- and wideband channels RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 3 Narrow- and wideband channels Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se 27 March 2017 1 Contents Short review NARROW-BAND

More information

Digital Communications over Fading Channel s

Digital Communications over Fading Channel s over Fading Channel s Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office),

More information

Performance Analysis of Fading and Interference over MIMO Systems in Wireless Networks

Performance Analysis of Fading and Interference over MIMO Systems in Wireless Networks Performance Analysis of Fading and Interference over MIMO Systems in Wireless Networks Hadimani.H.C 1, Mrityunjaya.V. Latte 2 1 Associate Professor, Rural Engineering College, Hulkoti, Gadag District,

More information

Mobile Radio Wave propagation channel- Path loss Models

Mobile Radio Wave propagation channel- Path loss Models Mobile Radio Wave propagation channel- Path loss Models 3.1 Introduction The wireless Communication is one of the integral parts of society which has been a focal point for sharing information with different

More information

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5 Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

Wireless Communication Fundamentals Feb. 8, 2005

Wireless Communication Fundamentals Feb. 8, 2005 Wireless Communication Fundamentals Feb. 8, 005 Dr. Chengzhi Li 1 Suggested Reading Chapter Wireless Communications by T. S. Rappaport, 001 (version ) Rayleigh Fading Channels in Mobile Digital Communication

More information

Performance Analysis of LTE Downlink System with High Velocity Users

Performance Analysis of LTE Downlink System with High Velocity Users Journal of Computational Information Systems 10: 9 (2014) 3645 3652 Available at http://www.jofcis.com Performance Analysis of LTE Downlink System with High Velocity Users Xiaoyue WANG, Di HE Department

More information

Performance Evaluation of Mobile Wireless Communication Channel in Hilly Area Gangeshwar Singh 1 Kalyan Krishna Awasthi 2 Vaseem Khan 3

Performance Evaluation of Mobile Wireless Communication Channel in Hilly Area Gangeshwar Singh 1 Kalyan Krishna Awasthi 2 Vaseem Khan 3 IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 2, Issue 11, 2015 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Performance Evaluation of Mobile Wireless Communication Channel in Area Gangeshwar Singh

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation CMPE 477 Wireless and Mobile Networks Lecture 3: Antennas and Propagation Antennas Propagation Modes Line of Sight Transmission Fading in the Mobile Environment Introduction An antenna is an electrical

More information

Performance Evaluation of Mobile Wireless Communication Channel Gangeshwar Singh 1 Vaseem Khan 2

Performance Evaluation of Mobile Wireless Communication Channel Gangeshwar Singh 1 Vaseem Khan 2 IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 2, Issue 11, 2015 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Performance Evaluation of Mobile Wireless Communication Channel Gangeshwar Singh 1 Vaseem

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation Mobile Networks Module D-1 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction 2. Propagation modes 3. Line-of-sight transmission 4. Fading Slides adapted from Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second

More information

Application Note 37. Emulating RF Channel Characteristics

Application Note 37. Emulating RF Channel Characteristics Application Note 37 Emulating RF Channel Characteristics Wireless communication is one of the most demanding applications for the telecommunications equipment designer. Typical signals at the receiver

More information

Performance Evaluation of OFDM System with Rayleigh, Rician and AWGN Channels

Performance Evaluation of OFDM System with Rayleigh, Rician and AWGN Channels Performance Evaluation of OFDM System with Rayleigh, Rician and AWGN Channels Abstract A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme offers high spectral efficiency and better resistance to

More information

Characterization of Mobile Radio Propagation Channel using Empirically based Pathloss Model for Suburban Environments in Nigeria

Characterization of Mobile Radio Propagation Channel using Empirically based Pathloss Model for Suburban Environments in Nigeria Characterization of Mobile Radio Propagation Channel using Empirically based Pathloss Model for Suburban Environments in Nigeria Ifeagwu E.N. 1 Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Nnamdi

More information

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (16:332:546) LECTURE 5 SMALL SCALE FADING

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (16:332:546) LECTURE 5 SMALL SCALE FADING WIRELESS COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (16:332:546) LECTURE 5 SMALL SCALE FADING Instructor: Dr. Narayan Mandayam Slides: SabarishVivek Sarathy A QUICK RECAP Why is there poor signal reception in urban clutters?

More information

Mobile Communications

Mobile Communications Mobile Communications Part IV- Propagation Characteristics Professor Z Ghassemlooy School of Computing, Engineering and Information Sciences University of Northumbria U.K. http://soe.unn.ac.uk/ocr Contents

More information

Lecture 1 Wireless Channel Models

Lecture 1 Wireless Channel Models MIMO Communication Systems Lecture 1 Wireless Channel Models Prof. Chun-Hung Liu Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering National Chiao Tung University Spring 2017 2017/3/2 Lecture 1: Wireless Channel

More information

CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE ALAMOUTI STBC BASED DS-CDMA SYSTEM

CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE ALAMOUTI STBC BASED DS-CDMA SYSTEM 89 CHAPTER 4 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE ALAMOUTI STBC BASED DS-CDMA SYSTEM 4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter investigates a technique, which uses antenna diversity to achieve full transmit diversity, using

More information

EC 551 Telecommunication System Engineering. Mohamed Khedr

EC 551 Telecommunication System Engineering. Mohamed Khedr EC 551 Telecommunication System Engineering Mohamed Khedr http://webmail.aast.edu/~khedr 1 Mohamed Khedr., 2008 Syllabus Tentatively Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week

More information

Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multi-path

Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multi-path Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multi-path 1 EE/TE 4365, UT Dallas 2 Small-scale Fading Small-scale fading, or simply fading describes the rapid fluctuation of the amplitude of a radio

More information

Empirical Path Loss Models

Empirical Path Loss Models Empirical Path Loss Models 1 Free space and direct plus reflected path loss 2 Hata model 3 Lee model 4 Other models 5 Examples Levis, Johnson, Teixeira (ESL/OSU) Radiowave Propagation August 17, 2018 1

More information

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P The prediction of the time and the spatial profile for broadband land mobile services using UHF and SHF bands

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P The prediction of the time and the spatial profile for broadband land mobile services using UHF and SHF bands Rec. ITU-R P.1816 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1816 The prediction of the time and the spatial profile for broadband land mobile services using UHF and SHF bands (Question ITU-R 211/3) (2007) Scope The purpose

More information

Testing c2k Mobile Stations Using a Digitally Generated Faded Signal

Testing c2k Mobile Stations Using a Digitally Generated Faded Signal Testing c2k Mobile Stations Using a Digitally Generated Faded Signal Agenda Overview of Presentation Fading Overview Mitigation Test Methods Agenda Fading Presentation Fading Overview Mitigation Test Methods

More information

Reflection. Diffraction. Transmission. Scattering

Reflection. Diffraction. Transmission. Scattering WIRELESS TRANSMISSION 649 Reflection Diffraction Transmission Scattering Figure 13.5 Mechanisms of radio propagation. elements follows some geometric pattern (example, linearly spaced elements, elements

More information

Performance Evaluation Of Digital Modulation Techniques In Awgn Communication Channel

Performance Evaluation Of Digital Modulation Techniques In Awgn Communication Channel Performance Evaluation Of Digital Modulation Techniques In Awgn Communication Channel Oyetunji S. A 1 and Akinninranye A. A 2 1 Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria 2 MTN Nigeria Abstract The

More information

Mobile Hata Model and Walkfisch Ikegami

Mobile Hata Model and Walkfisch Ikegami Calculate Path Loss in Transmitter in Global System Mobile By Using Hata Model and Ikegami Essam Ayiad Ashebany 1, Silaiman Khalifa Yakhlef 2 and A. R. Zerek 3 1 Post grade Student, Libyan Academy of Graduate

More information

Propagation Channels. Chapter Path Loss

Propagation Channels. Chapter Path Loss Chapter 9 Propagation Channels The transmit and receive antennas in the systems we have analyzed in earlier chapters have been in free space with no other objects present. In a practical communication

More information

Evaluation of Power Budget and Cell Coverage Range in Cellular GSM System

Evaluation of Power Budget and Cell Coverage Range in Cellular GSM System Evaluation of Power Budget and Cell Coverage Range in Cellular GSM System Dr. S. A. Mawjoud samialmawjoud_2005@yahoo.com Abstract The paper deals with study of affecting parameters on the communication

More information

Estimation of speed, average received power and received signal in wireless systems using wavelets

Estimation of speed, average received power and received signal in wireless systems using wavelets Estimation of speed, average received power and received signal in wireless systems using wavelets Rajat Bansal Sumit Laad Group Members rajat@ee.iitb.ac.in laad@ee.iitb.ac.in 01D07010 01D07011 Abstract

More information

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Scientific Journal of Impact Factor (SJIF) : 3.134 ISSN (Print) : 2348-6406 ISSN (Online): 2348-4470 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THREE

More information

BER ANALYSIS OF WiMAX IN MULTIPATH FADING CHANNELS

BER ANALYSIS OF WiMAX IN MULTIPATH FADING CHANNELS BER ANALYSIS OF WiMAX IN MULTIPATH FADING CHANNELS Navgeet Singh 1, Amita Soni 2 1 P.G. Scholar, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh, India 2

More information

Project = An Adventure : Wireless Networks. Lecture 4: More Physical Layer. What is an Antenna? Outline. Page 1

Project = An Adventure : Wireless Networks. Lecture 4: More Physical Layer. What is an Antenna? Outline. Page 1 Project = An Adventure 18-759: Wireless Networks Checkpoint 2 Checkpoint 1 Lecture 4: More Physical Layer You are here Done! Peter Steenkiste Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer

More information

9.4 Temporal Channel Models

9.4 Temporal Channel Models ECEn 665: Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications 127 9.4 Temporal Channel Models The Rayleigh and Ricean fading models provide a statistical model for the variation of the power received

More information

Lecture - 06 Large Scale Propagation Models Path Loss

Lecture - 06 Large Scale Propagation Models Path Loss Fundamentals of MIMO Wireless Communication Prof. Suvra Sekhar Das Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Lecture - 06 Large Scale Propagation

More information

Survey of propagation Model in wireless Network

Survey of propagation Model in wireless Network www.ijcsi.org 468 Survey of propagation Model in wireless Network 1 Hemant kumar sharma, sanjeev Sharma, 3 Krishna Kumar Pandey 1 School of IT, Rajiv Gandhi oudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.)India

More information

NETW 701: Wireless Communications. Lecture 5. Small Scale Fading

NETW 701: Wireless Communications. Lecture 5. Small Scale Fading NETW 701: Wireless Communications Lecture 5 Small Scale Fading Small Scale Fading Most mobile communication systems are used in and around center of population. The transmitting antenna or Base Station

More information

Bit Error Rate Assessment of Digital Modulation Schemes on Additive White Gaussian Noise, Line of Sight and Non Line of Sight Fading Channels

Bit Error Rate Assessment of Digital Modulation Schemes on Additive White Gaussian Noise, Line of Sight and Non Line of Sight Fading Channels International Journal of Engineering Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 6734, ISSN (Print): 2319 6726 Volume 3 Issue 8 ǁ August 2014 ǁ PP.06-10 Bit Error Rate Assessment of Digital Modulation Schemes

More information

Neural Network Approach to Model the Propagation Path Loss for Great Tripoli Area at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz Bands *

Neural Network Approach to Model the Propagation Path Loss for Great Tripoli Area at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz Bands * Neural Network Approach to Model the Propagation Path Loss for Great Tripoli Area at 9, 1, and 2 MHz Bands * Dr. Tammam A. Benmus Eng. Rabie Abboud Eng. Mustafa Kh. Shater EEE Dept. Faculty of Eng. Radio

More information

Multipath Propagation Model for High Altitude Platform (HAP) Based on Circular Straight Cone Geometry

Multipath Propagation Model for High Altitude Platform (HAP) Based on Circular Straight Cone Geometry Multipath Propagation Model for High Altitude Platform (HAP) Based on Circular Straight Cone Geometry J. L. Cuevas-Ruíz ITESM-CEM México D.F., México jose.cuevas@itesm.mx A. Aragón-Zavala ITESM-Qro Querétaro

More information

LECTURE 3. Radio Propagation

LECTURE 3. Radio Propagation LECTURE 3 Radio Propagation 2 Simplified model of a digital communication system Source Source Encoder Channel Encoder Modulator Radio Channel Destination Source Decoder Channel Decoder Demod -ulator Components

More information

Chapter 5 Small-Scale Fading and Multipath. School of Information Science and Engineering, SDU

Chapter 5 Small-Scale Fading and Multipath. School of Information Science and Engineering, SDU Chapter 5 Small-Scale Fading and Multipath School of Information Science and Engineering, SDU Outline Small-Scale Multipath Propagation Impulse Response Model of a Multipath Channel Small-Scale Multipath

More information

Keywords WiMAX, BER, Multipath Rician Fading, Multipath Rayleigh Fading, BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM.

Keywords WiMAX, BER, Multipath Rician Fading, Multipath Rayleigh Fading, BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM. Volume 4, Issue 6, June 2014 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Effect of Multiple

More information

EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Wireless Communication Channels Lecture 6: Channel Models EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Content Modelling methods Okumura-Hata path loss model COST 231 model Indoor models

More information

Development of a Wireless Communications Planning Tool for Optimizing Indoor Coverage Areas

Development of a Wireless Communications Planning Tool for Optimizing Indoor Coverage Areas Development of a Wireless Communications Planning Tool for Optimizing Indoor Coverage Areas A. Dimitriou, T. Vasiliadis, G. Sergiadis Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Engineering, Dept.

More information

Implementation of a MIMO Transceiver Using GNU Radio

Implementation of a MIMO Transceiver Using GNU Radio ECE 4901 Fall 2015 Implementation of a MIMO Transceiver Using GNU Radio Ethan Aebli (EE) Michael Williams (EE) Erica Wisniewski (CMPE/EE) The MITRE Corporation 202 Burlington Rd Bedford, MA 01730 Department

More information

UNIT Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation?

UNIT Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation? UNIT 8 1. Derive the fundamental equation for free space propagation? Fundamental Equation for Free Space Propagation Consider the transmitter power (P t ) radiated uniformly in all the directions (isotropic),

More information

STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCIDENT WAVES TO MOBILE ANTENNA IN MICROCELLULAR ENVIRONMENT AT 2.15 GHz

STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCIDENT WAVES TO MOBILE ANTENNA IN MICROCELLULAR ENVIRONMENT AT 2.15 GHz EUROPEAN COOPERATION IN COST259 TD(99) 45 THE FIELD OF SCIENTIFIC AND Wien, April 22 23, 1999 TECHNICAL RESEARCH EURO-COST STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INCIDENT WAVES TO MOBILE ANTENNA IN MICROCELLULAR

More information

CHAPTER 6 THE WIRELESS CHANNEL

CHAPTER 6 THE WIRELESS CHANNEL CHAPTER 6 THE WIRELESS CHANNEL These slides are made available to faculty in PowerPoint form. Slides can be freely added, modified, and deleted to suit student needs. They represent substantial work on

More information

Path-loss and Shadowing (Large-scale Fading) PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2015/03/27

Path-loss and Shadowing (Large-scale Fading) PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2015/03/27 Path-loss and Shadowing (Large-scale Fading) PROF. MICHAEL TSAI 2015/03/27 Multipath 2 3 4 5 Friis Formula TX Antenna RX Antenna = 4 EIRP= Power spatial density 1 4 6 Antenna Aperture = 4 Antenna Aperture=Effective

More information

Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering Wireless and mobile communications

Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering Wireless and mobile communications 9210-119 Level 6 Graduate Diploma in Engineering Wireless and mobile communications Sample Paper You should have the following for this examination one answer book non-programmable calculator pen, pencil,

More information

Wireless Communication System

Wireless Communication System Wireless Communication System Generic Block Diagram An t PC An r Source Tx Rx Destination P t G t L p G r P r Source a source of information to be transmitted Destination a destination of the transmitted

More information

Performance Analysis of Equalizer Techniques for Modulated Signals

Performance Analysis of Equalizer Techniques for Modulated Signals Vol. 3, Issue 4, Jul-Aug 213, pp.1191-1195 Performance Analysis of Equalizer Techniques for Modulated Signals Gunjan Verma, Prof. Jaspal Bagga (M.E in VLSI, SSGI University, Bhilai (C.G). Associate Professor

More information

Lecture 7/8: UWB Channel. Kommunikations

Lecture 7/8: UWB Channel. Kommunikations Lecture 7/8: UWB Channel Kommunikations Technik UWB Propagation Channel Radio Propagation Channel Model is important for Link level simulation (bit error ratios, block error ratios) Coverage evaluation

More information

EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON, JOHAN KÅREDAL ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Why do we need UWB channel models?

EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON, JOHAN KÅREDAL ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY. Why do we need UWB channel models? Wireless Communication Channels Lecture 9:UWB Channel Modeling EITN85, FREDRIK TUFVESSON, JOHAN KÅREDAL ELECTRICAL AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Overview What is Ultra-Wideband (UWB)? Why do we need UWB channel

More information

Wireless Communication Technologies Course No. 16:332:559 (Spring 2000) Lecture Lalitha Sankaranarayanan

Wireless Communication Technologies Course No. 16:332:559 (Spring 2000) Lecture Lalitha Sankaranarayanan Wireless Communication Technologies Course No. 6:33:559 (Spring 000) Lecture 0-6-00 Lalitha Sankaranarayanan lalitha@ustad.att.com PATH LOSS IN MACROCELLS: The theoretical model for path loss, L p, for

More information

STUDY OF ENHANCEMENT OF SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS FADING CHANNEL USING MIMO TECHNIQUES

STUDY OF ENHANCEMENT OF SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS FADING CHANNEL USING MIMO TECHNIQUES STUDY OF ENHANCEMENT OF SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY OF WIRELESS FADING CHANNEL USING MIMO TECHNIQUES Jayanta Paul M.TECH, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Heritage Institute of Technology, (India) ABSTRACT

More information

Wireless Channel Models Ana Aguiar, James Gross

Wireless Channel Models Ana Aguiar, James Gross Technical University Berlin Telecommunication Networks Group Wireless Channel Models Ana Aguiar, James Gross {aaguiar,gross}@ee.tu-berlin.de Berlin, April 2003 TKN Technical Report TKN-03-007 TKN Technical

More information

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT M-ARY MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN FADING CHANNELS USING DIFFERENT DIVERSITY

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT M-ARY MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN FADING CHANNELS USING DIFFERENT DIVERSITY PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT M-ARY MODULATION TECHNIQUES IN FADING CHANNELS USING DIFFERENT DIVERSITY 1 MOHAMMAD RIAZ AHMED, 1 MD.RUMEN AHMED, 1 MD.RUHUL AMIN ROBIN, 1 MD.ASADUZZAMAN, 2 MD.MAHBUB

More information

IN A LAND mobile communication channel, movement

IN A LAND mobile communication channel, movement 216 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 47, NO. 1, FEBRUARY 1998 Dynamic Characteristics of a Narrowband Land Mobile Communication Channel H. Allen Barger, Member, IEEE Abstract Land mobile

More information

Structure of the Lecture

Structure of the Lecture Structure of the Lecture Chapter 2 Technical Basics: Layer 1 Methods for Medium Access: Layer 2 Representation of digital signals on an analogous medium Signal propagation Characteristics of antennas Chapter

More information

Channel Modelling ETIM10. Channel models

Channel Modelling ETIM10. Channel models Channel Modelling ETIM10 Lecture no: 6 Channel models Fredrik Tufvesson Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University, Sweden Fredrik.Tufvesson@eit.lth.se 2012-02-03 Fredrik Tufvesson

More information

Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models

Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Introduction Propagation

More information

A simple and efficient model for indoor path-loss prediction

A simple and efficient model for indoor path-loss prediction Meas. Sci. Technol. 8 (1997) 1166 1173. Printed in the UK PII: S0957-0233(97)81245-3 A simple and efficient model for indoor path-loss prediction Constantino Perez-Vega, Jose Luis García G and José Miguel

More information

ECE416 Progress Report A software-controlled fading channel simulator

ECE416 Progress Report A software-controlled fading channel simulator ECE416 Progress Report A software-controlled fading channel simulator Chris Snow 006731830 Faculty Advisor: Dr. S. Primak Electrical/Computer Engineering Project Report (ECE 416) submitted in partial fulfillment

More information

Rec. ITU-R P RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P PROPAGATION BY DIFFRACTION. (Question ITU-R 202/3)

Rec. ITU-R P RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P PROPAGATION BY DIFFRACTION. (Question ITU-R 202/3) Rec. ITU-R P.- 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.- PROPAGATION BY DIFFRACTION (Question ITU-R 0/) Rec. ITU-R P.- (1-1-1-1-1-1-1) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that there is a need to provide

More information

CSC344 Wireless and Mobile Computing. Department of Computer Science COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

CSC344 Wireless and Mobile Computing. Department of Computer Science COMSATS Institute of Information Technology CSC344 Wireless and Mobile Computing Department of Computer Science COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Wireless Physical Layer Concepts Part III Noise Error Detection and Correction Hamming Code

More information