Earth Station and Flyaway
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1 2012 Page 1 3/27/2012
2 DEFINITIONS Earth Station- Terrestrial terminal designed for extra planetary telecommunication Satellite- Artificial Satellite is an object placed in an specific orbit to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves Master Antenna- It is an element able to emit and receive electromagnetic waves TVRO- Television reception only Link Budget
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4 DEFINITIONS con t Geo Stationary Orbit- Defines the orbit for commercial satellites applications BUC- Build in up converter HPA- High Power Amplifier Up Converter Modulator Encoder Multiplexer
5 DEFINITIONS con t Flyaway Antenna DSNG Modulation scheme- BPSK QPSK 8PSK 16APCM Error correction- FEC, Reed Solomon, Interliver Standard DVB-S/S2 Bit Rate and Symbol Rate
6 DEFINITIONS con t IRD Integrated Receiver Decoder Frequency Band- C, Ku, Ka Transponder- 36, 41, 54, 72, 112 Mhz BW Polarization- Lineal, V (vertical), H (horizontal), Circular left and Circular right
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8 BASICS - EARTH STATIONS How do Satellites Work Two or more stations will communicate through radio broadcast These stations can use a satellite as a relay station for their communication The master station sends a transmission to the satellite and the satellite transponder sends it down to the TVRO stations. This process is called Uplink Downlink Page 8 3/27/2012
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11 ADVANTAGES OF SATELLITE COMMUNICATION A satellite footprint will cover a full area regardless of the geography of the region (every point can be reached at the same time) A satellite Downlink can go even further than in country borders. Also, can communicate between continents. Transmission cost of a satellite will be always fixed and independent of the distance from the center of the coverage area. Satellite transmission allows to carry high bandwidths of data make it suitable for video content distribution. Page 11 3/27/2012
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14 GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE (GEO) This are satellites located a km above the Earth s surface along the Equator. GEO Satellites will remain in the same position relative to the surface of the Earth. The GEO distance gives the advantage of cover the whole Earth surface with only 3 satellites, excluding the polar regions. One single GEO satellite can cover one particular area permanently. This makes satellites ideal for broadcast point to multi point applications. Page 14 3/27/2012
15 USE OF CAPACITY ALLOCATION SCPC Access- Single-channel per carrier allows to transmit one single service, this access technique reduces the allocated Bandwidth making it the best cost benefit solution for small operations. Cons- The transponder capacity is shared with multiple users accessing the same capacity. Therefore, a reduction in power may affect the link performance (back-off.) MCPC Access- Multi-channel per carrier allows to transmit multiple video services in one single carrier. There is a huge advantage on using a full transponder capacity where less TVRO diameter dishes is required. Page 15 3/27/2012
16 CONDITIONAL ACCESS SYSTEM Conditional Access DVB CA - COMMON INTERFACE DVB CLOSED SYSTEM DVB FTA BISS Page 16 3/27/2012
17 FREQUENCY BANDS The most popular are C-Band and Ku-Band. C-Band demands bigger antenna diameter than Ku-Band. Between 3 and 5 meters for C-Band and 0.90 to 2.5 meters in Ku-Band. C-Band is less affected than Ku-Band under the effect of atmospheric conditions. Regions with heavy rains may need to have this factor in consideration. Ku-Band gained popularity in data transmission where small aperture terminals were used (Vsat systems) Page 17 3/27/2012
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20 Thank You
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