1. A sinusoidal ac power supply has rms voltage V and supplies rms current I. What is the maximum instantaneous power delivered?

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1 1. A sinusoidal ac power supply has rms voltage V and supplies rms current I. What is the maximum instantaneous power delivered? A. VI B. VI C. VI D. VI. An alternating current supply of negligible internal resistance is connected to two resistors that are in parallel. The resistance of each resistor is R and the peak voltage of the ac supply is V 0. Which of the following is the average power dissipated in the circuit? A. V 0 R B. V 0 R C. V 0 R D. V 0 R IB Questionbank Physics 1

2 3. A rectangular loop of conducting wire rotates in a region of magnetic field. The graph shows the variation with time t of the induced emf in the loop during one cycle. The resistance of the coil is 5.0 Ω. Which of the following is the average power dissipated in the loop? 45 A. W 45 B. W C. 45 W D. 45 W 4. In order to reduce power losses in the transmission lines between a power station and a factory, two transformers are used. One is located at the power station and the other at the factory. Which of the following gives the correct types of transformer used? Power station Factory A. step-up step-up B. step-up step-down C. step-down step-up D. step-down step-down IB Questionbank Physics

3 5. The maximum output voltage of a generator is V 0. The frequency of rotation of the generator coil is doubled. What is the new maximum output voltage? A. V 0 B. V 0 C. V 0 D. 4 V 0 6. Raoul suggests that power losses in a transformer may be reduced by the following. I. Constructing the core from a solid block of steel. II. III. Using large diameter wire in the coils. Using wire of low resistivity. Which of the above suggestions would reduce power loss? A. I only B. II only C. II and III only D. I, II and III IB Questionbank Physics 3

4 7. An AC generator produces a voltage of peak value V. The frequency of rotation of the coil of the generator is doubled. The rms value of the voltage produced is V A.. V B.. C. V. D. V. 8. A power station generates electrical energy at a potential difference V and current I. The resistance of the transmission lines between the power station and the consumer is R. The power lost in the transmission lines is A. 0. V B.. R C. RI. D. VI. IB Questionbank Physics 4

5 9. This question is about alternating current. (a) The graph shows the variation with time t of the output voltage V of an ac generator of negligible internal resistance. A resistor of resistance 5 Ω is connected across the output of the generator. Calculate (i) the rms value of the current in the resistor. (ii) the average power dissipated in the resistor. (1) IB Questionbank Physics 5

6 (iii) the power dissipated in the resistor at 0.40 ms. (b) The frequency of rotation of the generator coil is now doubled. Sketch, using the axes in (a), the variation with t of the new output voltage V. (Total 7 marks) 10. This question is about the generation of electrical energy and global warming. (a) The diagram, not to scale, shows a pumped-storage power station used for the generation of electrical energy. Water stored in the tank is allowed to fall through a pipe to a lake via a turbine. The turbine is connected to an electrical generator. The pumped-storage ac generator system is reversible so that water can be pumped from the lake to the tank. The tank is 50 m deep and has a uniform area of m. The height from the bottom of the tank to the turbine is 310 m. The density of water is kg m 3. IB Questionbank Physics 6

7 (i) Show that the maximum energy that can be delivered to the turbine by the falling water is about J. (3) (ii) The flow rate of water in the pipe is 400 m 3 s 1. Calculate the power delivered by the falling water. (b) The energy losses in the power station are shown in the following table. Source of energy loss Percentage loss of energy friction and turbulence of water in pipe 7 friction in turbine and ac generator 15 electrical heating losses 5 (i) Calculate the overall efficiency of the conversion of the gravitational potential energy of water in the tank into electrical energy. (1) IB Questionbank Physics 7

8 (ii) Sketch a Sankey diagram to represent the energy conversion in the power station. (c) An ac generator is connected to the turbine used in the pumped-water power station. The diagrams show two positions of one winding of the coil in the generator. The magnetic field acts horizontally in the direction shown. The coil rotates clockwise. IB Questionbank Physics 8

9 (i) By considering the motion of XY, explain why the emf induced between X and Y has a maximum value in position. (3) (ii) In position the vertical speed of XY is 160 m s 1. The magnetic field strength is T and XY = 1.5 m. Determine the induced emf between X and Y at this position. (iii) Side XY is part of the rectangular generator coil that has 1500 windings connected in series. Calculate the total emf across the ends of the coil at the moment when XY moves vertically downwards at 90 to the magnetic field direction. IB Questionbank Physics 9

10 (d) The electrical power produced at the power station is transmitted by cables to the consumer. (i) Outline how the energy losses in transmission are minimized. (3) (ii) State one advantage and one disadvantage that a pumped-storage system has compared to a tidal water storage system. Advantage:... Disadvantage:... (e) One effect of global warming is to melt the Antarctic ice sheet. The following data are available for the Antarctic ice sheet and the Earth s oceans. Area of ice sheet = km Average thickness of ice = m Density of ice = 90 kg m 3 Density of water = 1000 kg m 3 Area of Earth s oceans = km Using the data, determine the (i) mass of the Antarctic ice. IB Questionbank Physics 10

11 (ii) change in mean sea level if all the Antarctic ice sheet were to melt and flow into the oceans. (3) (Total 5 marks) IB Questionbank Physics 11

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