Microstrip Lines and Slotlines

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1 Microstrip Lines and Slotlines Second Edition K.C. Gupta Ramesh Garg Inder Bahl Prakash Bhartia Artech House Boston London

2 Contents Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Chapter 1 Microstrip Lines I: Quasi-Static Analyses, Dispersion Models, and Measurements Introduction Planar Transmission Structures Microstrip Field Configuration Methods of Microstrip Analysis Quasi-Static Analyses of a Microstrip Modified Conformal Transformation Method Finite Difference Method Integral Equation Method Variational Method in the Fourier Transform Domain Segmentation and Boundary Element Method (SBEM) Microstrip Dispersion Models Coupled ТЕМ Mode and TM Mode Model An Empirical Relation Dielectric-Loaded Ridged Waveguide Model Empirical Formulae for Broad Frequency Range Planar Waveguide Model Some Comments Microstrip Transitions Coaxial-to-Microstrip Transition Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition 37 xi xv

3 vi I MICROSTRIP LINES AND SLOTLINES 1.5 Microstrip Measurements Substrate Dielectric Constant Characteristic Impedance Phase Velocity or Effective Dielectric Constant Attenuation Constant 54 References 56 Chapter 2 Microstrip Lines II: Fullwave Analyses, Design Considerations, and Applications Methods of Fullwave Analysis Analysis of an Open Microstrip Integral Equation Method in the Space Domain Galerkin's Method in the Spectral Domain Discussion of Results Analysis of an Enclosed Microstrip Integral Equation Methods Finite Difference Method Discussion of Results Design Considerations Microstrip Losses Power Handling Capability Effect of Tolerances Effect of Dielectric Anisotropy Design Equations Frequency Range of Operation Other Types of Microstrip Lines Suspended and Inverted Microstrip Lines Multilayered Dielectric Microstrip Thin Film Microstrip (TFM) Valley Microstrip Lines Microstrip Applications Lumped Elements Passive Components Active Components Packages and Assemblies Superconducting Microstrip Circuits 145 References 152 Chapter 3 Microstrip Discontinuities I: Quasi-Static Analysis and Characterization Introduction Discontinuity Capacitance Evaluation Matrix Inversion Method Variational Method 167

4 Contents I vii Galerkin's Mediod in the Fourier Transform Domain Use of Line Sources With Charge Reversal Discontinuity Inductance Evaluation Characterization of Various Discontinuities Open Ends Gaps in a Microstrip Steps in Width Bends T-junctions Cross Junctions Notch Compensated Microstrip Discontinuities Step in Width Bends T-junction Chapter 4 Microstrip Discontinuities II: Fullwave Analysis and Measurements Planar Waveguide Analysis Discontinuity Characterization Compensation of Discontinuity Reactances Radiation and Parasitic Coupling Fullwave Analysis of Discontinuities Galerkin's Method in die Spectral Domain Integral Equation Solution in the Space Domain Time Domain Methods for Microstrip Discontinuity Characterization Discontinuity Measurements Linear Resonator Method Ring Resonator Method Scattering Parameters Measurement Method 263 References 266 Chapter 5 Slotlines Introduction Slotline Analysis Approximate Analysis Transverse Resonance Method Galerkin's Method in the Spectral Domain Design Considerations Closed-Form Expressions Effect of Metal Thickness 286

5 viii I MICROSTRIP LINES AND SLOTLINES Effect of Tolerances Losses in Sloüine Slotline Discontinuities Short End Open End Other Slotline Configurations Coupled Microstrip-Slotline Conductor-Backed Slotline Conductor-Backed Slotline with a Superstrate Slotline Transitions Coaxial-to-Slotline Transition Microstrip-to-Slotline Crossjunction Transition Slotline Applications Circuits Using T-junctions Circuits Using Wideband 180 Phase Shift Hybrid/de Ronde's Branchline Couplers Other Types of Slotline Circuits 334 References 334 Appendix 5.A: Susceptance Calculation for the Transverse Resonance Method 337 Appendix 5.B: Sensitivity Expressions for Sloüine Impedance and Wavelength 338 Chapter 6 Finlines Introduction Analysis of Finlines Transverse Resonance Method Galerkin's Method in the Spectral Domain Design Considerations Closed-Form Solutions LSE-Mode Dispersion Model Synthesis Equations Conductor Loss in Finlines Transitions Finline-to-Waveguide Taper Transitions Finline-to-Microstrip Taper Transitions 364 References 369 Appendix 6.A: Susceptance Expression for the Unilateral Finline 371 Chapter 7 Coplanar Lines: Coplanar Waveguide and Coplanar Strips Introduction Analysis Quasi-Static CPW Analysis Based on the Conformal Mapping Method 379

6 Contents I ix Quasi-Static Analysis of Coplanar Strips (CPS) Fullwave Analysis Design Considerations Design Equations Dispersion Effect of Metallization Thickness Losses Dielectric Loss Conductor Loss Radiation and Surface Wave Losses Effect of Tolerances Comparison With Microstrip Line and Slotline Transitions Coax-to-CPW Transitions Microstrip-to-CPW Transitions Slotline-to-CPW Transitions CPW-to-CPS Transition CPS-to-Slotline Transitions Discontinuities in Coplanar Waveguide Coplanar Line Circuits Circuits With Series and Shunt Reactances in CPW Circuits Using Slotline-CPW Junctions 446 References 451 Chapter 8 Coupled Microstrip Lines Introduction General Analysis of Coupled Lines Methods of Analysis Coupled Mode Approach Even- and Odd-Mode Approach Characteristics of Coupled Microstrip Lines Quasi-Static Analysis Fullwave Analysis Dispersion Models Measurements on Coupled Microstrip Lines Impedance Measurements Phase Constant Measurements Design Considerations for Coupled Microstrip Lines Design Equations Losses Effect of Fabrication Tolerances 502

7 x I MICROSTRIP LINES AND SLOTLINES Coupled Microstrip Lines With Dielectric Overlays Effect of Dielectric Anisotropy Coupled Multiconductor Microstrip Lines Discontinuities in Coupled Microstrip Lines Network Model Open-End Discontinuity 516 References 517 About the Authors 521 Index 525

Lines and Slotlines. Microstrip. Third Edition. Ramesh Garg. Inder Bahl. Maurizio Bozzi ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON. artechhouse.

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