The analysis of microstrip antennas using the FDTD method
|
|
- Reynold Ellis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII 611 The analysis of microstrip antennas using the FDTD method M. Wnuk, G. Różański & M. Bugaj Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, Poland Abstract The object of this article is to demonstrate the use of the FDTD method in analyzing planar antennas. Yee s cell as a basic element of the characteristic of the field in the FDTD method and Yee s algorithm are presented. The question of source modeling and stimulation of antenna, boundary conditions and method of analysis of planar antennas structure are also discussed. Some results of the use of this method have also been presented, as a confirmation of its accuracy and usefulness in the analysis of planar antennas. 1 Introduction Microstrip antennas have been one of the most innovative fields of antenna techniques in the last fifteen years. The main advantages of these antennas are: simplicity of production, small weight, narrow section, and easiness of integration of radiators with feeding system. The basic disadvantages are: narrow band, limited power capacity and insufficient efficiency of radiation. The basic configuration of microstrip antenna consists of a metallic strip printed on a thin, earthed dielectric base. The feeding is realized through concentric cable, run perpendicularly through substrate or strip line run on a substrate in the plane of the aerial. The methods of analysis and projection of microstrip antennas have developed simultaneously with the development of aerials. Nowadays, several methods of analysis of antennas on dielectric surface are being used. However, the most commonly used method is fullwave model that is based on Green function and moment method, where analysis relies on the solution of integral equation, concerning electric field, with regard to unknown currents flowing through elements of antenna and its feeding system.
2 612 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII One of the most innovative methods concerning the numerical analysis of strip antennas is FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain). There are many solutions and experimental works concerning this method. They cover various attitudes towards matters and whilst some of them only cover description of the method and analysis of simple strip structures, others present more complex structures. Regardless of the complexity of the structure, the method allows for efficient, exact and complex analysis covering all phenomena appearing in microstrip structures. 2 Yee s algorithm In 1966, Kane Yee [2] proposed a set of equations of finite differences for rotational Maxwell s equations constructed in time domain. Solution of these equations depends on following foundation: Instead of separately solving electric and magnetic fields using wave equations, simultaneously both in time and space are concerned with usage of joint rotational Maxwell s equations: It is an analogous approach to the formulation of integral equations of method moments MM where the border conditions for E and H are put on materials structure surface. The properties of tangential vectors H hard upon edges, corners and thin wires as well as properties of tangential vectors hard upon points, can be modeled separately if both magnetic and electric fields exist. The distribution of components of electric and magnetic fields in a cubic cell of Yee s mesh is presented in Fig. 1. E y E x Hz E y E z H x E z E x H y E z (i,j,k) E y E x Figure 1: Distribution of components of electric and magnetic fields in a cubic cell of Yee s mesh. In the figure, a mutual special stripping and localization of vectors of electric and magnetic field intensity can be observed. Each electric component is surrounded by four circulating magnetic components and similarly, each magnetic component is surrounded by four circulating electric components. Electric vectors are associated with the center of each edge of cube, whilst magnetic vectors are associated with the center of each plane being the wall of the elementary cell.
3 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII 613 Three-dimensional space is filled with layers of matrices of Faraday s and Ampere s laws. The continuity of E and H fields changes is naturally supported in the area of interaction of different materials if the area of influence is parallel to the coordinates of the mesh. 3 Boundary conditions Use of the FDTD method is connected with numerous advantages due to the character of analysis. The method allows for analysis of complex structures and consideration of surface waves and other unfavorable properties of structures. The algorithm also has disadvantages; numerous problems in the description of the electromagnetic field need large calculation power, which becomes almost impossible. This means that concerned space has to be limited in a way allowing for minimal error. In order to minimize error in numerical applications, boundary conditions are being used. Solution based on first order boundary condition (Mur) having minimal error needs the limited area to be big enough to omit the effect of distraction of electromagnetic field. To obtain it, this progressive wave (in numerical form) moving along direction - x can be described as the following one-dimensional wave equation: where: 1 x vi E t tan = E tan - tangential component of vector of electric field intensity ν - velocity of electromagnetic wave. To fulfill the condition that flat waves will not reflect, the boundary condition is as follows: v t x E = E + E E v t+ x ( ) n+ 1 n i n+ 1 n 1 1 i where: E - tangential component of vector of intensity of electric field for k = E - tangential component of vector of intensity of electric field for k = 1. 1 The boundary Mur condition is precise only for plane waves incident at right angles, so reflection will occur only for waves incident at different angles. The case can be approximated by boundary conditions of higher orders. Among many other solutions concerning boundary conditions, conditions described as perfectly matched layer (PML) require some attention. The formula is a development of boundary conditions on the edge of two mediums and it allows for analysis of electromagnetic wave incident under any angle. It is achieved by diversion of electric and magnetic components of an electromagnetic field in the area of absorption and subordinating them with (1) (2)
4 614 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII different lossiness for different directions. As an effect on external area, wave impedance depends on angle of incidence of wave and its frequency. During analysis of the electromagnetic field inside the stimulated area, zero value of all components of the electric and magnetic fields in t = moment is assumed. Gauss impulse is most commonly used for input function during the measuring of antenna characteristics. This allows for the selection of the bandwidth of antenna and many other frequency parameters by selection of width of impulse in a short time. Gauss impulse used in the process of analysis is presented in the following form: E f t e z 2 ( t t ) / T = () = (3) s In the case of simple microstrip structures fed by strip line in relation to source plane and in other planes, boundary conditions are applied. In many papers the plane of source represents the point of stimulation of the electromagnetic wave. Gauss impulse as a voltage stimulation of structure in moment t =, only possesses component E(z) of electric field intensity. Other coordinates are assumed to equal zero. Such a model of source has some errors. It is a result of the induction of components of electromagnetic field tangential to source plane which results in deformation of the inducted electromagnetic wave. An alternative solution to the problem is making some assumptions of the starting conditions. In t = o, E x and E z coordinates of electric field and tangential to them magnetic components transformed by ± y exist. What s more, H tan = H tan where H tan is the value of the magnetic component just before the surface of the source, while H is just after the plane. In order to select other components it is sufficient to use differential final equations. 4 Analysis of microstrip structure Application of the FDTD algorithm during the process of projection of microstrip antennas is connected with making a number of assumptions. In order to present planar structure in a precise, effective way and taking into consideration all phenomena influencing characteristics of antenna, it is necessary to use great calculation power. In order to save analysis time some simplifications have to be made however, the result must be precise enough. Moreover the analysis is not only limited to the structure of radiator, but the feeding of the antenna also has to be taken into consideration. It can complicate the process of projection and obtained results. Limitation of structure is connected with selection of proper boundary conditions, which reduce the area of analysis and simultaneously do not cause ambiguity or corrupt the results. The area, which will be analyzed in numerical calculations, is presented in Fig. 4. As one may observe in the figure, it has been presented as a rectangular planar radiator fed with a strip line. The limitation as
5 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII 615 mentioned above, is connected with the limited computing power of today s computers. What s more, in order to obtain exact results it isn t necessary to analyze infinitely large areas. The beginning of a simulation requires imposition on an aerial a mesh of suitable dimensions. Exact modeling of an aerial requires selection of sizes x and y in such a way that the total number of cells fill the radiator (see Fig. 2), otherwise the calculations would be much more complicated. It would require separate analysis of cells placed on the border dielectric radiator. During the selection of dimensions of cells a condition of stability of the selected quantities should also be taken into account. z y x x y Figure 2: Example of a grid put on aerial ( x = y). While choosing sizes of cell we should also take into consideration the fulfillment of conditions of stability. 5 Project of selected microstrip aerial Problems connected with finite difference methods in the process of modeling of microstrip antennas arise as outlined above. Both the potential of the FDTD method in the analysis of planar structures and its limitations and system requirements have been presented. The method allows for setting basic parameters, frequency characteristics and the distribution of electrical and magnetic fields along the planar structure. In order to test its possibilities, an analysis of three microstrip antennas of a rectangular shape of radiator, resonance frequencies equal to 2.4 GHz, 5GHz and 7.5 GHz respectively and antenna with radiator in a shape of a circle for a frequency 7.5 GHz has been carried out. A program in Matlab describing analyzed structures modeled in FDTD method has been elaborated. With regard to time of implementation, size of available memory and computing power, modeled structures have been simplified. It does not however, limit the preciseness of analysis. 5.1 Model of analyzed planar aerial A modeled antenna has been presented in Fig. 3(a) & (b). For an analyzed planar structure the activity of the antenna is more important than the surrounding space, so the analyzed area is not too large. But it is large enough so that the
6 616 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII results would reflect analyzed area precisely and strictly, taking into account the limited computing power of a computer. One of the most important parameters, which will be calculated, is S 11 whose value is dependent on the parameters of antenna. This is why the analyzed area has been limited in order to approximate it to the analyzed structure. The geometrical dimensions of each radiating structure have been approximated using suitable rectangular planar radiator (transmission narrowband model) and in case of radiator of round shape, the hilar model is used. W a L,764mm P1,9mm P1 2,46mm (a) With rectangular shape radiator. 2,46mm (b) With circular shape radiator. Figure 3: Analyzable microstrip aerial. The thickness of a dielectric and the width of feeding line according to literature [3] in the case of structures with resonance frequencies of up to 18 GHz, differs by less than a hundred parts of millimeter. As a consequence for all cases of antennas a constant thickness of dielectric h=.764 mm and width of feeding line 2.64 mm have been assumed. Analysis of the structure presented in Fig. 3 leads to the conclusion that the distribution of FDTD cells should be as little as possible in order to accurately describe the presented area. The limitation for us in each case is criteria of stability; the size of FTDT cell should not exceed λ/1. The lowest limit in this case has microstrip antenna with a resonance frequency of 7.5 GHz. Let s consider this radiating structure. In order to present this structure I have assumed three cell dimensions. So a step in direction of axis z is z =.265 mm and there are thirteen cells illustrating the surrounding space. In the two other directions I have taken a dimension in a way to exactly represent the radiating path, which in the case of microstrip antenna with a frequency of 7.5 GHz implicates 32 x 4 y where x =.389 mm, y =.4 mm. A solution obtained in this way is connected with the differentiation of the area and the selection of different quantities of cells in each direction. A similar method connected with presentation of such a situation was presented by Sheen et al. [6]. In order to fulfill the condition of stability (Courant condition) of algorithm the size of step is as follows:
7 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII 617 z t = =. 441ps ε µ 2 (4) In order to simplify the considerations of the analyzed area a transformation has been made. All values have been related to the smallest size. The reason for this method is presented in next subsection. z 32 x x 4 y 12 y 14 z y 62 x Figure 4: Analyzed microstrip aerial. As a result, the area grew and this was caused by the growth of the path represented by the FDTD cells, x 46 y for frequency f = 5GHz; x 4 y for frequency f = 2.4 GHz; In Fig. 4, using an example of microstrip antenna with resonance frequency f=7.5 GHz, an area is analysed by final differences method in time domain. In the case of antenna with a round shape radiator I have used the same size cells in all directions. This method is the result of the necessity of obtaining an exact enough illustration of microstrip structure. In a program, boundary conditions type PML have been used because of the advantages. With these conditions there is no need to build other equations and take other assumptions due to mediums in an area of interest. As a result we may implement practical conditions as in the case of general solution, with only one difference. In case of k= there is no need to make conditions, because according to general laws the value of the electromagnetic field component equals zero. There is no need to rebuild boundary conditions with regard to this space. In order to enlarge the efficiency of the algorithm, the space connected with the given planes has been divided into three component parts. For example, dividing plane x-y is presented in Fig. 6. Two external elements require implementation of boundary conditions and a central element doesn t. It limits the number of needed equations and the size of matrix connected with given parameters. Using the presented algorithm, two structures presented in Fig. 5 have been analyzed. As a result of simulation, the following graphs present the distribution of field intensity (Figs. 5 & 6) and the parameter S 11. Figs. 6(a), (b) & (c) are representative of a rectangular structure and Fig. 6(d) is for a circular structure. In order to obtain the exact results of measurements in whole range of frequency, calculations have been done many times.
8 618 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII Figure 5: Distribution of field electric intensity along feeding line (T = 3). (a) Aerial with resonance frequency 7.5 GHz. (b) Aerial with resonance frequency 5GHz. (c) Aerial with resonance frequency 2.4 GHz. (d) Circular planar radiator with resonance frequency 7.5 GHz. Figure 6: Distribution component E z the field electric intensity in moment T=5. 6 Conclusion Analysis of the characteristics presented in Fig. 7(a) allows for the determination of resonance frequency, which in this case is 7.5 GHz. What s more it is possible in an area of frequency close to 15 GHz for additional resonance responding to higher frequencies. Similarly, analysis of Fig. 7(b) determines the resonance frequency of the second antenna, which was equal to 5 GHz, while second
9 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII 619 S11[dB] 5,1 2,4 4,7 7 9,3 11,6 13,9 16,2 18, f[ghz] S11[dB] 5,1 1,1 2,1 3,1 4,1 5,1 6,1 7,1 8,1 9,1 1,1 11, f[ghz] (a) Aerial with resonance frequency 7.5 GHz. (b) Aerial with resonance frequency 5GHz. S11[dB] f[ghz] (c) Aerial with resonance frequency 2.4 GHz. S11[dB] 5,1 1,7 3,3 4,9 6,5 8,1 9,7 11,3 12,9 14,5 16,1 17,7 19, f[ghz] (d) Aerial with circular shape radiator. Figure 7: Frequency characteristic of entrance impedance (the parameter S 11 ). additional resonance occurred at a frequency of 1 GHz. In case of the third antenna [Fig. 7(c)] the resonance occurred in frequencies of 2.4 GHz and 4.8 GHz. In Fig. 7(d) there is a certain displacement of frequencies, probably resulting from limited dimensions of cells and illustrating the circular structure. The problem of discretisation, regardless of the time consuming nature, is one of the main disadvantages of analyzed method that may be minimized but not omitted. Obtained results besides those mentioned above where the antenna had a circular structure, correspond to the theoretical calculations. It should be highlighted that the limitation is the calculation power of the calculating instrument. Time of analysis is dependent on analyzed structure however, in each case the parameters of analysis did not change, with exception to the dimensions of space. This means that the time taken to do the calculations may be dependent on the dimensions of the analyzed space. Models of the antennas and measurements are being made. We may observe that the FDTD method used in the process of analysis allows accurate enough parameters of analyzed structure to be made. References [1] Munson, E., Conformal microstrip antennas and microstrip phased arrays. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 28, pp , 1974.
10 62 Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII [2] Yee, K.S., Numerical solution of initial boundary value problems involving Maxwell s equations in isotropic medias. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 14, pp , [3] Railton, C.J., Daniel, E.M., Paul, D.L. & McGreen, J.P., Optimized absorbing boundary conditions handicap the analysis of planar circuits using the finite difference time domain method. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 41, pp , [4] Bi, Z., Wu, K., Wu, Ch. & Litva, J., A dispersive boundary condition handicap microstrip component analysis using the FDTD method. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 4, pp , [5] Taflowe, A., Advance in computational electrodynamics The Finite - Difference Time Domain, Artech House Boston, [6] Sheen, D.M., Ali, S.M., Abouzahra, M.D. & Kong, J.A., Application of the three - dimensional finite difference time domain method, the analysis of planar microstrip circuits. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, 38, pp , 199. [7] Bi, Z., Wu, K., Wu, Ch. & Litva, J., Accurate characterization of planar printed antennas using finite difference time domain method. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 4, pp [8] Reinex, A. & Jecko, B., Analysis of Microstrip Patch Anntenas Using Finite Difference Time Domain. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 37, pp , 1989.
FDTD CHARACTERIZATION OF MEANDER LINE ANTENNAS FOR RF AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 4, 85 99, 999 FDTD CHARACTERIZATION OF MEANDER LINE ANTENNAS FOR RF AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS C.-W. P. Huang, A. Z. Elsherbeni, J. J. Chen, and C. E. Smith
More informationE. Nishiyama and M. Aikawa Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Saga University 1, Honjo-machi, Saga-shi, , Japan
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 33, 9 43, 001 FDTD ANALYSIS OF STACKED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH HIGH GAIN E. Nishiyama and M. Aikawa Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Saga
More informationAnalysis of Microstrip Circuits Using a Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method
Analysis of Microstrip Circuits Using a Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method M.G. BANCIU and R. RAMER School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales Sydney 5 NSW
More informationBrief Overview of EM Computational Modeling Techniques for Real-World Engineering Problems
Brief Overview of EM Computational Modeling Techniques for Real-World Engineering Problems Bruce Archambeault, Ph.D. IEEE Fellow, IBM Distinguished Engineer Emeritus Bruce@brucearch.com Archambeault EMI/EMC
More informationStudy of Microstrip Slotted Antenna for Bandwidth Enhancement
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering Electrical and Electronics Engineering Volume 2 Issue 9 Version. Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc.
More informationTHE PROBLEM of electromagnetic interference between
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 50, NO. 2, MAY 2008 399 Estimation of Current Distribution on Multilayer Printed Circuit Board by Near-Field Measurement Qiang Chen, Member, IEEE,
More informationAnalysis of Crack Detection in Metallic and Non-metallic Surfaces Using FDTD Method
ECNDT 26 - We.4.3.2 Analysis of Crack Detection in Metallic and Non-metallic Surfaces Using FDTD Method Faezeh Sh.A.GHASEMI 1,2, M. S. ABRISHAMIAN 1, A. MOVAFEGHI 2 1 K. N. Toosi University of Technology,
More informationEfficient Electromagnetic Analysis of Spiral Inductor Patterned Ground Shields
Efficient Electromagnetic Analysis of Spiral Inductor Patterned Ground Shields James C. Rautio, James D. Merrill, and Michael J. Kobasa Sonnet Software, North Syracuse, NY, 13212, USA Abstract Patterned
More informationMicrowave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and
Microwave and optical systems Introduction p. 1 Characteristics of waves p. 1 The electromagnetic spectrum p. 3 History and uses of microwaves and optics p. 4 Communication systems p. 6 Radar systems p.
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Prerna Saxena,, 2013; Volume 1(8): 46-53 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY A PATH FOR HORIZING YOUR INNOVATIVE WORK STUDY OF PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY USING SINGLE
More informationBROADBAND AND HIGH-GAIN PLANAR VIVALDI AN- TENNAS BASED ON INHOMOGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC ZERO-INDEX METAMATERIALS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 120, 235 247, 2011 BROADBAND AND HIGH-GAIN PLANAR VIVALDI AN- TENNAS BASED ON INHOMOGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC ZERO-INDEX METAMATERIALS B. Zhou, H. Li, X. Y. Zou, and
More informationTransactions on Engineering Sciences vol 3, 1993 WIT Press, ISSN
Simulation of electromagnetic pulse propagation in three-dimensionalfinite-differencetime-domain (FDTD) method using parallel processing techniques W.J. Buchanan, N.K. Gupta Department of Electrical, Electronic
More informationAntenna Theory and Design
Antenna Theory and Design SECOND EDITION Warren L. Stutzman Gary A. Thiele WILEY Contents Chapter 1 Antenna Fundamentals and Definitions 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 How Antennas Radiate 4 1.3 Overview of
More informationElectromagnetic Band Gap Structures in Antenna Engineering
Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures in Antenna Engineering FAN YANG University of Mississippi YAHYA RAHMAT-SAMII University of California at Los Angeles Hfl CAMBRIDGE Щ0 UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents Preface
More informationProjects in microwave theory 2017
Electrical and information technology Projects in microwave theory 2017 Write a short report on the project that includes a short abstract, an introduction, a theory section, a section on the results and
More informationThe Impedance Variation with Feed Position of a Microstrip Line-Fed Patch Antenna
SERBIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 11, No. 1, February 2014, 85-96 UDC: 621.396.677.5:621.3.011.21 DOI: 10.2298/SJEE131121008S The Impedance Variation with Feed Position of a Microstrip Line-Fed
More informationAnalysis of a Co-axial Fed Printed Antenna for WLAN Applications
Analysis of a Co-axial Fed Printed Antenna for WLAN Applications G.Aneela 1, K.Sairam Reddy 2 1,2 Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering ACE Engineering College, Ghatkesar, Hyderabad, India.
More informationMICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH CORRUGATED GROUND PLANE SURFACE AS A SENSOR FOR LANDMINES DETECTION
Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, Vol. 2, 259 278, 2008 MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH CORRUGATED GROUND PLANE SURFACE AS A SENSOR FOR LANDMINES DETECTION S. H. Zainud-Deen, M. E. Badr, E. El-Deen, K.
More informationEvaluating the Electromagnetic Surface Wave of High Impedance Structures by Monopole Antenna and Application for Patch Antennas at Q Band
International Journal of Electromagnetics and Applications 2016, 6(1): 1-6 DOI: 10.5923/j.ijea.20160601.01 Evaluating the Electromagnetic Surface Wave of High Impedance Structures by Monopole Antenna and
More informationSLOT LOADED SHORTED GAP COUPLED BROADBAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
SLOT LOADED SHORTED GAP COUPLED BROADBAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA SARTHAK SINGHAL Department of Electronics Engineering,IIT(BHU),Varanasi Abstract- In this paper the bandwidth of a conventional rectangular
More informationANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF WIDEBAND PLANAR YAGI- AND BI-YAGI ARRAYS WITH PHOTONIC BAND GAP
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 19, 15 24, 211 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF WIDEBAND PLANAR YAGI- AND BI-YAGI ARRAYS WITH PHOTONIC BAND GAP M. M. Abd-Elrazzak Electronics & Communication Department,
More informationPlanar inverted-f antennas loaded with very high permittivity ceramics
RADIO SCIENCE, VOL. 39,, doi:10.1029/2003rs002939, 2004 Planar inverted-f antennas loaded with very high permittivity ceramics Y. Hwang Pinnacle EMwave, Los Altos Hills, California, USA Y. P. Zhang Department
More informationAntennas and Propagation. Chapter 4: Antenna Types
Antennas and Propagation : Antenna Types 4.4 Aperture Antennas High microwave frequencies Thin wires and dielectrics cause loss Coaxial lines: may have 10dB per meter Waveguides often used instead Aperture
More informationDumanli, S., Paul, DL., & Railton, C. J. (2010). LTCC or LCP, a comparison using cavity backed slot antennas with pin curtains at 60 GHz. 1-5.
Dumanli, S., Paul, DL., & Railton, C. J. (2010). LTCC or LCP, a comparison using cavity backed slot antennas with pin curtains at 60 GHz. 1-5. Peer reviewed version Link to publication record in Explore
More informationCHAPTER 2 MICROSTRIP REFLECTARRAY ANTENNA AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
43 CHAPTER 2 MICROSTRIP REFLECTARRAY ANTENNA AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 2.1 INTRODUCTION This work begins with design of reflectarrays with conventional patches as unit cells for operation at Ku Band in
More informationDESIGN OF A PLANAR MONOPOLE ULTRA WIDE BAND PATCH ANTENNA
International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Research (IJEEER) ISSN(P): 2250-155X; ISSN(E): 2278-943X Vol. 4, Issue 1, Feb 2014, 47-52 TJPRC Pvt. Ltd. DESIGN OF A PLANAR MONOPOLE ULTRA
More informationWide and multi-band antenna design using the genetic algorithm to create amorphous shapes using ellipses
Wide and multi-band antenna design using the genetic algorithm to create amorphous shapes using ellipses By Lance Griffiths, You Chung Chung, and Cynthia Furse ABSTRACT A method is demonstrated for generating
More informationA NOVEL DUAL-BAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN COMMUNICATION. E. Wang Information Engineering College of NCUT China
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 6, 93 102, 2009 A NOVEL DUAL-BAND PATCH ANTENNA FOR WLAN COMMUNICATION E. Wang Information Engineering College of NCUT China J. Zheng Beijing Electro-mechanical
More informationMulti Resonant Stacked Micro Strip Patch Antenna Designs for IMT, WLAN & WiMAX Applications
Multi Resonant Stacked Micro Strip Patch Antenna Designs for IMT, WLAN & WiMAX Applications Tejinder Kaur Gill, Ekambir Sidhu Abstract: In this paper, stacked multi resonant slotted micro strip patch antennas
More informationDepartment of Electrical Engineering University of North Texas
Name: Shabuktagin Photon Khan UNT ID: 10900555 Instructor s Name: Professor Hualiang Zhang Course Name: Antenna Theory and Design Course ID: EENG 5420 Email: khan.photon@gmail.com Department of Electrical
More informationEMG4066:Antennas and Propagation Exp 1:ANTENNAS MMU:FOE. To study the radiation pattern characteristics of various types of antennas.
OBJECTIVES To study the radiation pattern characteristics of various types of antennas. APPARATUS Microwave Source Rotating Antenna Platform Measurement Interface Transmitting Horn Antenna Dipole and Yagi
More informationEffects of Two Dimensional Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Structures on the Performance of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays
Effects of Two Dimensional Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Structures on the Performance of Microstrip Patch Antenna Arrays Mr. F. Benikhlef 1 and Mr. N. Boukli-Hacen 2 1 Research Scholar, telecommunication,
More informationSquare Patch Antenna: A Computer Aided Design Methodology
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering. ISSN 0974-2166 Volume 4, Number 5 (2011), pp. 483-489 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Square Patch Antenna:
More informationWaveguides. Metal Waveguides. Dielectric Waveguides
Waveguides Waveguides, like transmission lines, are structures used to guide electromagnetic waves from point to point. However, the fundamental characteristics of waveguide and transmission line waves
More informationResearch Article High Efficiency and Broadband Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna
Active and Passive Electronic Components Volume 28, Article ID 42, pages doi:1./28/42 Research Article High Efficiency and Broadband Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna Onofrio Losito Department of Innovation
More informationAbout the High-Frequency Interferences produced in Systems including PWM and AC Motors
About the High-Frequency Interferences produced in Systems including PWM and AC Motors ELEONORA DARIE Electrotechnical Department Technical University of Civil Engineering B-dul Pache Protopopescu 66,
More informationCHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE TOOLS
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY AND SOFTWARE TOOLS Microstrip Patch Antenna Design In this chapter, the procedure for designing of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is described. The proposed broadband rectangular
More informationAnalysis of A Dual Band Micro strip Antenna By S B Kumar Bharati Vidyapeeth s College of Engineering, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi
Global Journal of researches in engineering: J General Engineering Volume 11 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online
More informationInset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for X-Band Applications
Inset Fed Microstrip Patch Antenna for X-Band Applications Pradeep H S Dept.of ECE, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru, Karnataka. Abstract Microstrip antennas play an important role in RF Communication.
More informationEMC ANALYSIS OF ANTENNAS MOUNTED ON ELECTRICALLY LARGE PLATFORMS WITH PARALLEL FDTD METHOD
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 84, 205 220, 2008 EMC ANALYSIS OF ANTENNAS MOUNTED ON ELECTRICALLY LARGE PLATFORMS WITH PARALLEL FDTD METHOD J.-Z. Lei, C.-H. Liang, W. Ding, and Y. Zhang National
More informationAntenna Design: Simulation and Methods
Antenna Design: Simulation and Methods Radiation Group Signals, Systems and Radiocommunications Department Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Álvaro Noval Sánchez de Toca e-mail: anoval@gr.ssr.upm.es Javier
More informationCOMPARSION OF MICRO STRIP RECTANGULAR & SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA for 5GHZ
COMPARSION OF MICRO STRIP RECTANGULAR & SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA for 5GHZ 1 VIVEK SARTHAK, 2 PANKAJ PATEL 1 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, DCRUST Murthal, IGI Sonepat, Haryana 2 Assistant
More informationIntroduction: Planar Transmission Lines
Chapter-1 Introduction: Planar Transmission Lines 1.1 Overview Microwave integrated circuit (MIC) techniques represent an extension of integrated circuit technology to microwave frequencies. Since four
More informationProjects in microwave theory 2009
Electrical and information technology Projects in microwave theory 2009 Write a short report on the project that includes a short abstract, an introduction, a theory section, a section on the results and
More informationBANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS
BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS Ali Hussain Ali Yawer 1 and Abdulkareem Abd Ali Mohammed 2 1 Electronic and Communications Department, College of Engineering, Al- Nahrain University,
More informationLecture #3 Microstrip lines
November 2014 Ahmad El-Banna Benha University Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra Post-Graduate ECE-601 Active Circuits Lecture #3 Microstrip lines Instructor: Dr. Ahmad El-Banna Agenda Striplines Forward
More informationANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DUAL BAND HIGH DIRECTIVITY EBG RESONATOR ANTENNA USING SQUARE LOOP FSS AS SUPERSTRATE LAYER
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 70, 1 20, 2007 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF DUAL BAND HIGH DIRECTIVITY EBG RESONATOR ANTENNA USING SQUARE LOOP FSS AS SUPERSTRATE LAYER A. Pirhadi Department of Electrical
More informationDESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF THE WIDE-BAND APERTURE-COUPLED STACKED MICROSTRIP AN- TENNA
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 7, 37 50, 2009 DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF THE WIDE-BAND APERTURE-COUPLED STACKED MICROSTRIP AN- TENNA F. Zhao, K. Xiao, W.-J. Feng, S.-L. Chai, and J.-J. Mao
More informationSlot Antennas For Dual And Wideband Operation In Wireless Communication Systems
Slot Antennas For Dual And Wideband Operation In Wireless Communication Systems Abdelnasser A. Eldek, Cuthbert M. Allen, Atef Z. Elsherbeni, Charles E. Smith and Kai-Fong Lee Department of Electrical Engineering,
More informationLoss Reduction in Microstrip Antenna Using Different Methods
Loss Reduction in Microstrip Antenna Using Different Methods Alpesh Nema 1#, D.K. Raghuvanshi 2#, Priyanka Raghuvanshi 3* # Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering MANIT-Bhopal, India. *
More informationCouple-fed Circular Polarization Bow Tie Microstrip Antenna
PIERS ONLINE, VOL., NO., Couple-fed Circular Polarization Bow Tie Microstrip Antenna Huan-Cheng Lien, Yung-Cheng Lee, and Huei-Chiou Tsai Wu Feng Institute of Technology Chian-Ku Rd., Sec., Ming-Hsiung
More informationEFFECT ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA WITH VARYING HEIGHT OF DIELECTRIC COVER
International Journal of Power Control Signal and Computation (IJPCSC) Vol. 2 No. 1 ISSN : 0976-268X EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA WITH VARYING HEIGHT OF DIELECTRIC
More informationTAPERED MEANDER SLOT ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND PERSONAL WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
are closer to grazing, where 50. However, once the spectral current distribution is windowed, and the level of the edge singularity is reduced by this process, the computed RCS shows a much better agreement
More informationChapter 5 OPTIMIZATION OF BOW TIE ANTENNA USING GENETIC ALGORITHM
Chapter 5 OPTIMIZATION OF BOW TIE ANTENNA USING GENETIC ALGORITHM 5.1 Introduction This chapter focuses on the use of an optimization technique known as genetic algorithm to optimize the dimensions of
More informationA WIDEBAND RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH CAPACITIVE FEEDING
A WIDEBAND RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH CAPACITIVE FEEDING Hind S. Hussain Department of Physics, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq E-Mail: hindalrawi@yahoo.com ABSTRACT A
More informationArray Antenna Using Multiport Network Model
25zAIAPaR((ONEiIGIAIROMAGIIKPKRO(BIIIGDecember 2-21, 25, Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA Accurate Analysis and Design of Circularly Polarized Dual-Feed Microstrip Array Antenna Using Multiport Network Model
More informationA Log Periodic Series-Fed Antennas Array Design Using A Simple Transmission Line Model
International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering ISSN 0974-66 Volume, Number (009), pp. 6 69 International Research Publications House http://www.irphouse.com A Log Periodic Series-Fed
More informationCircular Patch Antenna with CPW fed and circular slots in ground plane.
Circular Patch Antenna with CPW fed and circular slots in ground plane. Kangan Saxena, USICT, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi-75 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
More informationS-parameters. Jvdtang. RFTE course, #3: RF specifications and system design (I) 73
S-parameters RFTE course, #3: RF specifications and system design (I) 73 S-parameters (II) Linear networks, or nonlinear networks operating with signals sufficiently small to cause the networks to respond
More informationRectangular Patch Antenna Using ARRAY OF HEXAGONAL RINGS Structure in L-band
Rectangular Patch Antenna Using ARRAY OF HEXAGONAL RINGS Structure in L-band Anamika Verma, Dr.Sarita Singh Bhadauria Department of Electronics Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science,
More informationOn Analysis of Planar Antennas Using FDTD Method
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO. 7, 7 9 On Analysis of Planar Antennas Using FDTD Method K. Niikura, R. Kokubo, K. Southisombath, H. Matsui, and T. akabayashi 3 Graduate School of Engineering, Tokai University,
More informationARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN THE DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN THE DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA Adil Bouhous Department of Electronics, University of Jijel, Algeria ABSTRACT A simple design to compute accurate resonant frequencies
More informationWideband Bow-Tie Slot Antennas with Tapered Tuning Stubs
Wideband Bow-Tie Slot Antennas with Tapered Tuning Stubs Abdelnasser A. Eldek, Atef Z. Elsherbeni and Charles E. Smith. atef@olemiss.edu Center of Applied Electromagnetic Systems Research (CAESR) Department
More informationSeries Micro Strip Patch Antenna Array For Wireless Communication
Series Micro Strip Patch Antenna Array For Wireless Communication Ashish Kumar 1, Ridhi Gupta 2 1,2 Electronics & Communication Engg, Abstract- The concept of Microstrip Antenna Array with high efficiency
More informationRF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
RF AND MICROWAVE ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Frank Gustrau Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Germany WILEY A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Preface List of
More informationEM Noise Mitigation in Electronic Circuit Boards and Enclosures
EM Noise Mitigation in Electronic Circuit Boards and Enclosures Omar M. Ramahi, Lin Li, Xin Wu, Vijaya Chebolu, Vinay Subramanian, Telesphor Kamgaing, Tom Antonsen, Ed Ott, and Steve Anlage A. James Clark
More informationEfficient FDTD parallel processing on modern PC CPUs
Efficient FDTD simulations 1 of 8 Efficient FDTD parallel processing on modern PC CPUs Efficient FDTD simulations W. Simon, A. Lauer, D. Manteuffel, A. Wien, I.Wolff IMST GmbH, Carl-Friedrich-Gauss-Str.
More informationChapter 1 - Antennas
EE 483/583/L Antennas for Wireless Communications 1 / 8 1.1 Introduction Chapter 1 - Antennas Definition - That part of a transmitting or receiving system that is designed to radiate or to receive electromagnetic
More informationTHEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF A HORN ANTENNA NEAR FIELD
Session 8. Intelligent Transport Systems (Electronics) Proceedings of the 11 th International Conference Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication (RelStat 11), 19 22 October 2011,
More informationDesign of Linearly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS Applications at MHz
Design of Linearly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for GPS Applications at 1575.4MHz P. S. S. Pavan Ganesh Associate Professor, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad
More informationDual Band Dielectric Resonator Filter (DBDRF) with Defected Ground Structure (DGS)
World Applied Sciences Journal 32 (4): 582-586, 2014 ISSN 1818-4952 IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.32.04.114 Dual Band Dielectric Resonator Filter (DBDRF) with Defected Ground Structure
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QWT FED 8X8 PHASED ARRAY
VOL. 12, NO. 3, FEBRUARY 217 ISSN 1819-68 26-217 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF QWT FED 8X8 PHASED ARRAY U. Srinivasa Rao 1 and P. Siddaiah 2 1 Department
More informationThe Basics of Patch Antennas, Updated
The Basics of Patch Antennas, Updated By D. Orban and G.J.K. Moernaut, Orban Microwave Products www.orbanmicrowave.com Introduction This article introduces the basic concepts of patch antennas. We use
More informationDESIGN AND SIMULATION OF CIRCULAR DISK ANTENNA WITH DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE
DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF CIRCULAR DISK ANTENNA WITH DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE Ms. Dhanashri S. Salgare 1, Mrs. Shamala R. Mahadik 2 1 Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Sanjay Bhokare Group
More informationDesign of Compact Stacked-Patch Antennas in LTCC multilayer packaging modules for Wireless Applications
Design of Compact Stacked-Patch Antennas in LTCC multilayer packaging modules for Wireless Applications R. L. Li, G. DeJean, K. Lim, M. M. Tentzeris, and J. Laskar School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
More informationA COMPACT MULTIBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 23, 147 155, 2011 A COMPACT MULTIBAND MONOPOLE ANTENNA FOR WLAN/WIMAX APPLICATIONS Z.-N. Song, Y. Ding, and K. Huang National Key Laboratory of Antennas
More informationEM Design of an Isolated Coplanar RF Cross for MEMS Switch Matrix Applications
EM Design of an Isolated Coplanar RF Cross for MEMS Switch Matrix Applications W.Simon 1, A.Lauer 1, B.Schauwecker 2, A.Wien 1 1 IMST GmbH, Carl-Friedrich-Gauss-Str. 2, 47475 Kamp Lintfort, Germany; E-Mail:
More informationA Tentative Analysis of the Rectangular Horizontalslot Microstrip Antenna
Vol. 5, No., 14 A Tentative Analysis of the Rectangular Horizontalslot Microstrip Md. Tanvir Ishtaique ul Huque 1 and Md. Imran Hasan Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Rajshahi
More informationUNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS SCHOOL OF COMPUTER & COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING EKT 341 LABORATORY MODULE LAB 2 Antenna Characteristic 1 Measurement of Radiation Pattern, Gain, VSWR, input impedance and reflection
More informationCHAPTER 3 DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ARRAY ANTENNA
CHAPTER 3 DESIGN OF MICROSTRIP PATCH ARRAY ANTENNA 3.1 Introduction This chapter is discussed on the various factors that affect the design of microstrips patch array antenna. This chapter will covered
More informationImpedance Matching For L-Band & S- Band Navigational Antennas
Impedance Matching For L-Band & S- Band Navigational Antennas 1 Jigar A Soni, 2 Anil K Sisodia 1 PG student, 2 Professor. Electronics & Communication Department, L.J.Institute of technology, Ahmedabad,
More information6464(Print), ISSN (Online) ENGINEERING Volume & 3, Issue TECHNOLOGY 3, October- December (IJECET) (2012), IAEME
International INTERNATIONAL Journal of Electronics JOURNAL and Communication OF ELECTRONICS Engineering AND & Technology COMMUNICATION (IJECET), ISSN 0976 6464(Print), ISSN 0976 6472(Online) ENGINEERING
More informationMagnetic Response of Rectangular and Circular Split Ring Resonator: A Research Study
Magnetic Response of Rectangular and Circular Split Ring Resonator: A Research Study Abhishek Sarkhel Bengal Engineering and Science University Shibpur Sekhar Ranjan Bhadra Chaudhuri Bengal Engineering
More informationBroadband and Gain Enhanced Bowtie Antenna with AMC Ground
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 61, 25 30, 2016 Broadband and Gain Enhanced Bowtie Antenna with AMC Ground Xue-Yan Song *, Chuang Yang, Tian-Ling Zhang, Ze-Hong Yan, and Rui-Na Lian
More informationCHAPTER 4 DESIGN OF BROADBAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING PARASITIC STRIPS WITH BAND-NOTCH CHARACTERISTIC
CHAPTER 4 DESIGN OF BROADBAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING PARASITIC STRIPS WITH BAND-NOTCH CHARACTERISTIC 4.1 INTRODUCTION Wireless communication technology has been developed very fast in the last few years.
More informationIntroduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility
Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility Second Edition CLAYTON R. PAUL Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia and Emeritus Professor
More informationCHAPTER 1 MICROSTRIP RADIATORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 1.1. INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1 MICROSTRIP RADIATORS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 1.1. INTRODUCTION A microstrip radiator (antenna) consists of conducting patch on a ground plane, which is separated by a dielectric substrate of
More informationEffect of Microstrip Antenna Feeding in the K-band
Effect of Microstrip Antenna Feeding in the K-band Youssef Rhazi #1, Seddik Bri #1, 2, Rajaa Touahani #1 #1 System and Telecommunications Engineering Decision Laboratory, Ibn Tofail University Sciences
More informationA. A. Kishk and A. W. Glisson Department of Electrical Engineering The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
Progress In Electromagnetics Research, PIER 33, 97 118, 2001 BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT FOR SPLIT CYLINDRICAL DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNAS A. A. Kishk and A. W. Glisson Department of Electrical Engineering
More informationRectangular Patch Antenna to Operate in Flame Retardant 4 Using Coaxial Feeding Technique
International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research. ISSN 0975-6450 Volume 9, Number 3 (2017) pp. 399-407 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Rectangular Patch Antenna to Operate
More informationProgress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 12, , 2010
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C, Vol. 12, 23 213, 21 MICROSTRIP ARRAY ANTENNA WITH NEW 2D-EECTROMAGNETIC BAND GAP STRUCTURE SHAPES TO REDUCE HARMONICS AND MUTUA COUPING D. N. Elsheakh and M. F.
More informationBandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Metamaterials
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 8, Issue 4 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 05-10 Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna
More informationOptimization of a Wide-Band 2-Shaped Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications
Optimization of a Wide-Band 2-Shaped Patch Antenna for Wireless Communications ALI EL ALAMI 1, SAAD DOSSE BENNANI 2, MOULHIME EL BEKKALI 3, ALI BENBASSOU 4 1, 3, 4 University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah
More informationEffect of Slot Rotation on Rectangular Slot based Microstrip Patch Antenna
International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347 5161 2015INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Effect
More informationDesign and Improved Performance of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna for C Band Application
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Design and Improved Performance of Rectangular Micro strip Patch Antenna for C Band Application Vinay Jhariya*, Prof. Prashant Jain** *(Department of Electronics & Communication
More informationJae-Hyun Kim Boo-Gyoun Kim * Abstract
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE, VOL. 18, NO. 2, 101~107, APR. 2018 https://doi.org/10.26866/jees.2018.18.2.101 ISSN 2234-8395 (Online) ISSN 2234-8409 (Print) Effect of Feed Substrate
More informationLines and Slotlines. Microstrip. Third Edition. Ramesh Garg. Inder Bahl. Maurizio Bozzi ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON. artechhouse.
Microstrip Lines and Slotlines Third Edition Ramesh Garg Inder Bahl Maurizio Bozzi ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON LONDON artechhouse.com Contents Preface xi Microstrip Lines I: Quasi-Static Analyses, Dispersion Models,
More informationDESIGN OF MID-BAND FREQUENCY PATCH ANTENNA FOR 5G APPLICATIONS
DESIGN OF MID-BAND FREQUENCY PATCH ANTENNA FOR 5G APPLICATIONS HARINI. D 1, JAGADESHWAR. V 2, MOHANAPRIYA. E 3, SHERIBA. T.S 4 1,2,3Student, Dept. of ECE Engineering, Valliammai Engineering College, Tamil
More informationRectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Design using IE3D Simulator
Research Article International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 416, P-ISSN 2347-5161 214 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Pallavi
More informationDetailed Pattern Computations of the UHF Antennas on the Spacecraft of the ExoMars Mission
Detailed Pattern Computations of the UHF Antennas on the Spacecraft of the ExoMars Mission C. Cappellin 1, E. Jørgensen 1, P. Meincke 1, O. Borries 1, C. Nardini 2, C. Dreyer 2 1 TICRA, Copenhagen, Denmark,
More information