Analyze BER Performance of Wireless FSK System
|
|
- Bethany Knight
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 nalyze BER Performance of Wireless FSK System Microwaves & RF; Nov009, Vol. 48 Issue 11, p80 Hamood Shehab Hamid 1 Ekhlas Kadhum,,Widad Ismail 3, Mandeep Singh 4 1 School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri mpangan, Nibong ebal, Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri mpangan, Nibong ebal, Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia el: ext. 6050, eewidad@eng.usm.my bstract: his paper presents the implementation and investigates the nature of the gap by simulating, 4 and 8-level FSK systems in additive white Gaussian noise channel using MLB, measuring the performance of theoretical systems using FSK is about 1 db at a bit error rate (BER) of 10-3 and widens as BER decreases. Key words: simulation, M-FSK, digital communication, BER. 1. Introduction Modern communication systems use digital modulation techniques. dvancement in very large-scale integration (VLSI) and digital signal processing (DSP) technology have made digital modulation more cost effective than analog transmission systems. Digital modulation offers many advantages over analog modulation. Some advantages include greater noise immunity and robustness to channel impairments, easier multiplexing of various forms of information (for example, voice, data, and video), and greater security. Further more, digital transmissions accommodate digital error-control codes which detect and/or correct transmission errors, and support complex signal conditioning and processing techniques such as source coding, encryption, and equalization to improve the performance of the overall communication link. In digital wireless communication systems, the modulating signal (e.g., the message) may be represented as a time sequence of symbols or pulses, where each symbol has m finite states. Each symbol represent n bits of information, where n = log m bits/symbol. Many digital modulation techniques are used in modern wireless communication systems, and many more are sure to be introduced. Some of these techniques have subtle differences between one another, and each technique belongs to a family of related modulation methods. For example, Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) 1
2 may be either coherently or no coherently detected; and may have two, four, eight or more possible levels per symbol, depending on the manner in which information is transmitted within a single symbol [1]. he paper is organized as follows. In Section factors that influence the choice of digital modulation wireless communication is explained. Section 3 introduces the FSK background. Simulations and results of FSK wireless receiver are presented in Section 4 and with conclusions discussed in Section 5. - Factors hat Influence the Choice of Digital Modulation Several factors influence the choice of a digital modulation scheme. desirable modulation scheme provides low bit error rates at low received signal-to-noise ratios, performs well in multipath and fading conditions, occupies a minimum bandwidth, and is easy and cost effective to implement. Existing modulation schemes do not simultaneously satisfy all of these requirements. Some modulation schemes are better in terms of bit error rate performance, while others are better in terms of bandwidth efficiency. Depending on the demands of a particular application, tradeoffs are made when selecting a digital modulation. he performance of a modulation scheme is often measured in terms of its power efficiency and bandwidth efficiency. Power efficiency describes the ability of a modulation technique to preserve the fidelity of the digital message at low power levels. In a digital communication system, in order to increase noise immunity, it is necessary to increase the signal power. However, the amount by which the signal power should be increased to obtain a certain level of fidelity (i.e., an acceptable bit error probability) depends on the particular type of modulation employed. he power efficiency (sometimes called energy efficiency) of a digital modulation scheme is a measure of how favorable this tradeoff between fidelity and signal power is made, and is often expressed as the ratio of the signal energy per bit to noise power spectral density (Eb/No) required at the input of the receiver for a certain probability of error (say 10-3 ). Bandwidth efficiency describes the ability of a modulation scheme to accommodate data within a limited bandwidth. In general, increasing the data rate implies decreasing the pulse width of a digital symbol, which increases the bandwidth of the signal. hus, there is an unavoidable relationship between data rate and bandwidth occupancy. However, some modulation schemes perform better than others in making this tradeoff. Bandwidth efficiency reflects how efficiently the allocated bandwidth is utilized and is defined as the ratio of the throughput data rate per Hertz in a given bandwidth. If R is the data rate in bits per second, and B is the bandwidth occupied by the modulated radio frequency signal, then bandwidth efficiency η is expressed as B R (.1) B B in terms of bit per second that means the number of bits that are conveyed or processed per unit of time he system capacity of a digital communication system is directly related to the bandwidth efficiency of the modulation scheme, since a modulation with a greater value of ή B will transmit more data in a given spectrum allocation. here is a fundamental upper bound on achievable bandwidth efficiency. Shannon s channel coding theorem states that for an arbitrary small probability or error, the maximum possible bandwidth efficiency is limited by the noise in the channel, and is given by channel capacity formula. he Shannon s bound for additive white
3 Gaussian noise (WGN) non-fading channel is given by; C S B max log(1 ) (.) B N where C is the channel capacity in bits per second, B is the radio frequency (RF) bandwidth, and S/N is the signal-to-noise ratio. In design of a digital communication system, very often there is a tradeoff between bandwidth efficiency and power efficiency. For example, adding error control coding to a message increases the bandwidth occupancy (and this, in turn, reduces the bandwidth efficiency), but at the same time reduces the required power for a particular bit error rate, and hence trades bandwidth efficiency for power efficiency. On the other hand, higher level modulation schemes (Mary keying), except M-ary FSK, decrease bandwidth occupancy but increase the required received power, and hence trades power efficiency for bandwidth efficiency. While power and bandwidth considerations are very important, other factors also affect the choice of a digital modulation scheme. For example, for all personal communication systems which serve a large user community, the cost and complexity of the subscriber receiver must be minimized, and a modulation which is simple to detect is most attractive. he performance of a modulation scheme under various types of channel impairments such as Rayleigh and Ricean fading and multipath time dispersion, given a particular demodulator implementation, is another key factor in selecting a modulation. In wireless systems where interference is a major issue, the performance of a modulation scheme in an interference environment is extremely important. Sensitivity to detection of time jitter, caused by time-varying channels, is also an important consideration in choosing a particular modulation scheme. In general, the modulation, interference, and implementation of the time-varying effects on a channel as well as the performance of the specific demodulator are analyzed as a complete system using simulation to determine relative performance and ultimate selection [1-8]. 3-FSK Background: s its name suggests, a frequency shift keyed transmitter has its frequency shifted by the message [1-15]. lthough there could be more than two frequencies involved in an FSK signal, in this experiment the message will be a binary bit stream, and so only two frequencies will be involved. he word keyed suggests that the message is of the on-off (mark-space) variety, such as one (historically) generated by a more key or more likely in the present context, a binary sequence. he output from such a generator is illustrated in Figure 1 below. [] Fig (1)FSK waveform, derived from binary message Fig.(1) Output waveform generation Conceptually, and in fact, the transmitter could consist of two oscillators (on frequencies f 1 and f ), with only one being connected to the output at any one time. his is shown in block diagram form in Figure below [3]. 3
4 Fig () FSK transmitter block diagram Unless there are special relationships between the two oscillator frequencies and the bit clock there will be abrupt phase discontinuities of the output waveform during transitions of the message. In a FSK system, the binary symbols are represented by 1/. We can take (t) =cos πf 0 t and (t) =sin π f 1 t as the orthogonally basis functions [3]. he applicable signal constellation diagram of the orthogonal BFSK signal is shown in Figure 3[3] S 0 =cos(лf 0 t) 0 <t< (3.1) S 1 =cos(лf 1 t) Elsewhere (3.) where is a constant, f 0 and f 1 are the transmitted frequencies and is the bit duration. he signal has a power P = /, so that = P. hus equation (3.1, 3.) can be written as { p cos F 0 t 0 <t< { p cos F 1 t Elsewhere Figure (3) Orthogonal BFSK signal Constellation diagram. It can be seen that phase continuity is maintained at transitions. Further, the BFSK signal is the sum of two BSK signals generated by two modulating signals m0(t) and m1(t). herefore, the Fourier transform of the BFSK signal s (t) is s( f ) j j ft m o ( t) e fot e dt { p cos F 0 t 0 <t< { p cos F 1 t Elsewhere (3.3) { p cos F 0 t 0 <t< s( f ) s( f ) j j ft m o ( t) e fot e dt j j ft m o ( t) e f 1t e dt (3.4) { p cos F 1 t Elsewhere Where E = P is the energy contained in a bit duration. For orthogonally, f 0 = m/ and f 1 = n/ for integer n > integer m and f 1 - f 0 must be an integer multiple of s( f ) j j ft m o ( t) e f 1t e dt s( f ) M O( F F O) M O( F F O) 4
5 s( f ) M O( F F 1) M O( F F 1) Figure 4 shows the amplitude spectrum of the BFSK signal when m 0 (t) and m 1 (t) are periodic pulse trains. Figure 4 (a) Modulating signals, (b) Spectrum of (a), and (c) spectrum of BFSK signal (positive frequencies only)[3]. n alternative representation of the BFSK signal consists of letting f0 = fc - Δf and f1 = fc + Δf. hen f1 - f0 = Δf (.4) nd s (t) = cosδ ( fc + Δf)t (4.5) where fc is the carrier frequency, Δ f = B is the frequency deviation, modulation index, and B = 1/ is the bandwidth of the modulating signal. When Δ f >> 1/, we have a wideband BFSK signal. he bandwidth is approximately equal to Δ f. When Δ f << 1/, we have a narrowband BFSK signal. he bandwidth is approximately equal to B 4 Simulations and Results: his section presents the simulation of, 4, and 8-level FSK systems in GWN channel and the results obtained. 4.1 Simulation of dditive White Gaussian Noise (WGN) Channel From probability theory it is known that a Raleigh distributed random variable R, with probability distribution function F(R) = { 0, R<0 {1- e -R/σ,R 0 is related to a pair of Gaussian random variables X and X through the transformation X 1 =Rcosθ (4.1) X =Rsinθ (4.) Where θ is a uniformly distributed variable in the interval (0, θ) and the parameter σ is the variance of X 1,X. Now, generating a Rayleigh distributed random variable with the computer, we have F(R) =1- e - R /σ =M (4.3) Where M is a uniformly distributed random variable in the interval (0, θ). Solving equation (4.3) results in 1 R ln (4.4) 1 M If we generate a second uniformly distributed random variable N, and definenπθ=, then from equations (4.1), (4.) and (4.4) we obtain two independent Gaussian distributed random variables X and X as 1 x1 ln COS ( ΠN) 1 M 1 x ln SIN ( ΠN) 1 M 4. Simulation of Binary FSK System in WGN Channel In this section, simulations in additive white Gaussian channel and results for both coherent and no coherent (square-law detection) binary FSK systems are presented 5
6 4..1 Coherent System model for the simulation of coherent binary FSK system in WGN channel is shown in Figure 4.1. Figure 4.1 Simulation model for coherent binary FSK system []. Since the signals are orthogonal, when a 0 (signal s 1 (t)) is transmitted, the correlation are outputs are r o = E b +n 1 and r 1 =n 1 When a 1 (signal S (t)) is transmitted, the correlate outputs are r 1 =n 0 Figure 4. shows the results of the simulation for the transmission of 40,000 bits at several different values of Eb\ N0o and how it compares with theory. 4.. No coherent (square-law detection) System model for the simulation of no coherent (square-law detection) binary FSK system in WGN channel is shown in Figure 4.3. Since he signals are orthogonal, when s (t) is 1 transmitted, the first demodulator output is E cos n r I b 1I r Q E sin nq b and the second demodulator output is r I =n I r Q =n Q Where n 1I, n 1Q n I n 1Q are mutually statistically independent zero-mean Gaussian random variables with variance σ and represents the channel-phase shift. he square-law detector computes r 1 =r 1I +r 1Q r =r I +r Q, and selects the information bit corresponding to the larger of these two decision variables. Figure 4.3 Simulation model for non coherent binary FSK system []. Figure 4. Performance of simulated coherent binary FSK system Figure 4.4 shows the results of the simulation for the transmission of 40,000 bits at several different values of Eb/NO and how it compares with theory. he result is acceptable and theoretical is similar to simulation. 6
7 Figure 4.4 Performance of simulated no coherent binary FSK system 4.3 Simulation of 4 and 8-level FSK Systems in WGN Channel model for the simulation of coherent 4- level FSK system in WGN channel is shown in Figure 4.5[]. he block diagram of the simulation of no coherent 4-level FSK system in WGN channel is similar to that in Figure 4.3, the only difference being the number of correlate (demodulator) outputs. he block diagram of the simulation of coherent 8-level FSK is similar to that depicted in Figure 4.5, whiles the model for simulation of no coherent 8-level FSK systems is similar to that shown in Figure 4.3 Figure 4.5 Simulation model for coherent 4- level FSK system. Figures illustrates the results of the simulations for the transmission of 40,000 symbols at several different values of Eb/NO and how it compares with theory. When the M- increase the bit error rate is decrease also we Need E b N o is smaller in M-8 than M-4. Figure 4.6 Performance of simulated coherent 4-level FSK system. 7
8 he comparison of simulated bit and symbol error probabilities for coherent and no coherent, 4, and 8-level FSK systems are shown in Figures Figure 4.7 Performance of simulated no coherent 4-level FSK system. Figure 4.10 Comparison of simulated symbol error probabilities for coherent M-ary FSK. Figure 4.8 Performance of simulated coherent 8-level FSK system Figure 4.11 Comparison of simulated bit error probabilities for coherent M-ary FSK. Figure 4.9 Performance of simulated no coherent 8-level FSK system. 8
9 Fig 4.1 Comparison of simulated symbol error probabilities for no coherent M-ary FSK Figure 4.13 Comparison of simulated bit error probabilities 5 Conclusions In this paper, binary and M-ary FSK modulation techniques are extensively studied. he performance of, 4 and 8-level FSK systems in additive white Gaussian noise channel are evaluated and compared on the basis of the simulations in MLB. he primary objective of paper, is to show the advantage of FSK modulation technique, factors influencing the choice of a particular digital modulation scheme, a model for WGN channel, generation and detection of binary and M-ary FSK modulated signals, and error performance of binary and M-ary FSK modulation systems in WGN channel MLB and results show that the gap between the performance of theoretical and simulation l M-ary FSK systems widens as the bit error rate (BER) decreases, with theoretical FSK systems always performing better. References [1] Feher; pplication of Digital Wireless echnologies to Global Wireless Communications; Prentice Hall for no coherent M-ary FSK. herefore, it can be observed from the graphs that at a particular error probability, the required energy efficiency ((Eb/N0) is lowest for 8-level FSK and largest for binary FSK. Or equivalently, at a constant (Eb/N0), 8-level FSK has the lowest error probability, and binary FSK the largest. Hence, the curves in Figures confirms that M-ary FSK is a power efficient modulation scheme whose power efficiency increases as the number of frequencies employed increases [] W.omasi; Electronic Communications Systems, Prentice Hall,004 [3] mplitude Shift Keying & Frequency Shiftkeying,ww.ele.uri.edu/courses/ele4 36/labs/ PDF [4] Lawrence E Larson; RF and Microwave Circuit Design for WirelessCommunications;rtech House; [5] introduction to digital Modulation chemes /schmsv6.pdf 9
10 [6] K. rshak, E. Jafer, D. McDonagh and C.S. Ibala "Modelling and simulation of wireless sensor system for health monitoring using HDL and Simulinkw mixed environment", # he Institution of Engineering and echnology 007 [7] heodore S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall, Second Edition. [8] J. G. Proakis, M. Saheli, Communication Systems Engineering, Prentice Hall, Second Edition. [9] Fuqin Xiong, Digital Modulation echniques, rtech House Publishers, 00. [10] J. G. Proakis, M. Saheli, Digital Communication, Prentice Hall, hird Edition. [11] lister Burr, Modulation and Coding for Wireless Communications, Prentice Hall, 000 [1] M.Schwartz, Information ransmissio,modulation, and Noise, 4/e, McGraw Hill, [13] P. Z. Peebles, Jr., Digital Communication Systems, Prentice Hall, [14] H. aub and D. L. Schilling, Principles of Communication Systems, /e, McGraw Hill, 1986 [15] F. Xiong, Digital Modulation echniques, rtech House,
Fundamentals of Digital Communication
Fundamentals of Digital Communication Network Infrastructures A.A. 2017/18 Digital communication system Analog Digital Input Signal Analog/ Digital Low Pass Filter Sampler Quantizer Source Encoder Channel
More informationChapter 2 Direct-Sequence Systems
Chapter 2 Direct-Sequence Systems A spread-spectrum signal is one with an extra modulation that expands the signal bandwidth greatly beyond what is required by the underlying coded-data modulation. Spread-spectrum
More informationObjectives. Presentation Outline. Digital Modulation Revision
Digital Modulation Revision Professor Richard Harris Objectives To identify the key points from the lecture material presented in the Digital Modulation section of this paper. What is in the examination
More informationWireless Communication: Concepts, Techniques, and Models. Hongwei Zhang
Wireless Communication: Concepts, Techniques, and Models Hongwei Zhang http://www.cs.wayne.edu/~hzhang Outline Digital communication over radio channels Channel capacity MIMO: diversity and parallel channels
More informationDigital modulation techniques
Outline Introduction Signal, random variable, random process and spectra Analog modulation Analog to digital conversion Digital transmission through baseband channels Signal space representation Optimal
More informationLecture 9: Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques
Lecture 9: Spread Spectrum Modulation Techniques Spread spectrum (SS) modulation techniques employ a transmission bandwidth which is several orders of magnitude greater than the minimum required bandwidth
More informationPrinciples of Communications
Principles of Communications Meixia Tao Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chapter 8: Digital Modulation Techniques Textbook: Ch 8.4 8.5, Ch 10.1-10.5 1 Topics to be Covered data baseband Digital modulator
More informationCALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FADING CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING
CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE FADING CHANNEL CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING A graduate project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Master of Science in Electrical
More informationPerformance Evaluation of different α value for OFDM System
Performance Evaluation of different α value for OFDM System Dr. K.Elangovan Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering Bharathidasan University richirappalli Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
More informationPrinciples of Communications
Principles of Communications Weiyao Lin Shanghai Jiao Tong University Chapter 8: Digital Modulation Techniques Textbook: Ch 8.4.8.7 2009/2010 Meixia Tao @ SJTU 1 Topics to be Covered data baseband Digital
More informationDetection and Estimation of Signals in Noise. Dr. Robert Schober Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia
Detection and Estimation of Signals in Noise Dr. Robert Schober Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, August 24, 2010 2 Contents 1 Basic Elements
More informationChannel. Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Multi-Path Fading. Dr. Noor M Khan EE, MAJU
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M. Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (Lab) Fax: +9
More informationChapter 6 Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio
Chapter 6. Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio - 1-2 nd Semester, 2010 Chapter 6 Modulation Techniques for Mobile Radio Text. [1] T. S. Rappaport, Wireless Communications - Principles and Practice,
More informationThus there are three basic modulation techniques: 1) AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING 2) FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING 3) PHASE SHIFT KEYING
CHAPTER 5 Syllabus 1) Digital modulation formats 2) Coherent binary modulation techniques 3) Coherent Quadrature modulation techniques 4) Non coherent binary modulation techniques. Digital modulation formats:
More informationPerformance measurement of different M-Ary phase signalling schemes in AWGN channel
Research Journal of Engineering Sciences ISSN 2278 9472 Performance measurement of different M-Ary phase signalling schemes in AWGN channel Abstract Awadhesh Kumar Singh * and Nar Singh Department of Electronics
More informationDigital Modulation Schemes
Digital Modulation Schemes 1. In binary data transmission DPSK is preferred to PSK because (a) a coherent carrier is not required to be generated at the receiver (b) for a given energy per bit, the probability
More informationFrequency-Hopped Multiple-Access Communications with Multicarrier On Off Keying in Rayleigh Fading Channels
1692 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 48, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2000 Frequency-Hopped Multiple-Access Communications with Multicarrier On Off Keying in Rayleigh Fading Channels Seung Ho Kim and Sang
More informationWireless Communication Fading Modulation
EC744 Wireless Communication Fall 2008 Mohamed Essam Khedr Department of Electronics and Communications Wireless Communication Fading Modulation Syllabus Tentatively Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
More informationChapter 4. Part 2(a) Digital Modulation Techniques
Chapter 4 Part 2(a) Digital Modulation Techniques Overview Digital Modulation techniques Bandpass data transmission Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Quadrature
More informationAn Improved SLM Technique Using Discrete Cosine Transform in OFDM. S. Lih., An Improved SLM Technique Using Discrete Cosine Transform in OFDM System.
AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN:1991-8178 EISSN: 2309-8414 Journal home page: www.ajbasweb.com An Improved SLM Technique Using Discrete Cosine Transform in OFDM System A. A. A. Wahab
More informationLecture 10. Digital Modulation
Digital Modulation Lecture 10 On-Off keying (OOK), or amplitude shift keying (ASK) Phase shift keying (PSK), particularly binary PSK (BPSK) Frequency shift keying Typical spectra Modulation/demodulation
More informationSwedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan
PRACTICAL WORK BOOK Telecommunication Systems and Applications (TL-424) Name: Roll No.: Batch: Semester: Department: Swedish College of Engineering and Technology Rahim Yar Khan Introduction Telecommunication
More informationPerformance Evaluation Of Digital Modulation Techniques In Awgn Communication Channel
Performance Evaluation Of Digital Modulation Techniques In Awgn Communication Channel Oyetunji S. A 1 and Akinninranye A. A 2 1 Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria 2 MTN Nigeria Abstract The
More informationMuhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan. Fading Channel. Base Station
Fading Lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noor M Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (ARWiC
More informationWireless Communication
Wireless Communication Systems @CS.NCTU Lecture 2: Modulation and Demodulation Reference: Chap. 5 in Goldsmith s book Instructor: Kate Ching-Ju Lin ( 林靖茹 ) 1 Modulation From Wikipedia: The process of varying
More informationPerformance Analysis of Concatenated RS-CC Codes for WiMax System using QPSK
Performance Analysis of Concatenated RS-CC Codes for WiMax System using QPSK Department of Electronics Technology, GND University Amritsar, Punjab, India Abstract-In this paper we present a practical RS-CC
More informationAmplitude Frequency Phase
Chapter 4 (part 2) Digital Modulation Techniques Chapter 4 (part 2) Overview Digital Modulation techniques (part 2) Bandpass data transmission Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) Phase Shift Keying (PSK) Frequency
More informationProf. P. Subbarao 1, Veeravalli Balaji 2
Performance Analysis of Multicarrier DS-CDMA System Using BPSK Modulation Prof. P. Subbarao 1, Veeravalli Balaji 2 1 MSc (Engg), FIETE, MISTE, Department of ECE, S.R.K.R Engineering College, A.P, India
More informationMulti-Path Fading Channel
Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M. Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office), 186 (Lab) Fax: +9
More informationMODULATION METHODS EMPLOYED IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: An Analysis
International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 12 No: 03 85 MODULATION METHODS EMPLOYED IN DIGITAL COMMUNICATION: An Analysis Adeleke, Oluseye A. and Abolade, Robert O. Abstract
More information2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS BASICS
2. TELECOMMUNICATIONS BASICS The purpose of any telecommunications system is to transfer information from the sender to the receiver by a means of a communication channel. The information is carried by
More informationLab 3.0. Pulse Shaping and Rayleigh Channel. Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology. The Communications Department
Faculty of Information Engineering & Technology The Communications Department Course: Advanced Communication Lab [COMM 1005] Lab 3.0 Pulse Shaping and Rayleigh Channel 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 Summary...
More informationPerformance of Wideband Mobile Channel with Perfect Synchronism BPSK vs QPSK DS-CDMA
Performance of Wideband Mobile Channel with Perfect Synchronism BPSK vs QPSK DS-CDMA By Hamed D. AlSharari College of Engineering, Aljouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 2014, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, hamed_100@hotmail.com
More informationImprovement of MFSK -BER Performance Using MIMO Technology on Multipath Non LOS Wireless Channels
The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES) Volume 5 Issue 8 Pages PP -25-29 2016 ISSN (e): 2319 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 1805 Improvement of MFSK -BER Performance Using MIMO Technology on Multipath
More informationQUESTION BANK SUBJECT: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (15EC61)
QUESTION BANK SUBJECT: DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (15EC61) Module 1 1. Explain Digital communication system with a neat block diagram. 2. What are the differences between digital and analog communication systems?
More informationMobile Radio Propagation Channel Models
Wireless Information Transmission System Lab. Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Models Institute of Communications Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Table of Contents Introduction Propagation
More informationENSC327 Communication Systems 27: Digital Bandpass Modulation. (Ch. 7) Jie Liang School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University
ENSC37 Communication Systems 7: Digital Bandpass Modulation (Ch. 7) Jie Liang School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University 1 Outline 7.1 Preliminaries 7. Binary Amplitude-Shift Keying (BASK) 7.3
More informationMobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multi-path
Mobile Radio Propagation: Small-Scale Fading and Multi-path 1 EE/TE 4365, UT Dallas 2 Small-scale Fading Small-scale fading, or simply fading describes the rapid fluctuation of the amplitude of a radio
More informationMobile Radio Systems OPAM: Understanding OFDM and Spread Spectrum
Mobile Radio Systems OPAM: Understanding OFDM and Spread Spectrum Klaus Witrisal witrisal@tugraz.at Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory www.spsc.tugraz.at Graz University of Technology
More informationMSK has three important properties. However, the PSD of the MSK only drops by 10log 10 9 = 9.54 db below its midband value at ft b = 0.
Gaussian MSK MSK has three important properties Constant envelope (why?) Relatively narrow bandwidth Coherent detection performance equivalent to that of QPSK However, the PSD of the MSK only drops by
More informationModulation and Coding Tradeoffs
0 Modulation and Coding Tradeoffs Contents 1 1. Design Goals 2. Error Probability Plane 3. Nyquist Minimum Bandwidth 4. Shannon Hartley Capacity Theorem 5. Bandwidth Efficiency Plane 6. Modulation and
More informationCommunication Theory
Communication Theory Adnan Aziz Abstract We review the basic elements of communications systems, our goal being to motivate our study of filter implementation in VLSI. Specifically, we review some basic
More informationOptimal Number of Pilots for OFDM Systems
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 8, Issue 6 (Nov. - Dec. 2013), PP 25-31 Optimal Number of Pilots for OFDM Systems Onésimo
More informationEXPERIMENT WISE VIVA QUESTIONS
EXPERIMENT WISE VIVA QUESTIONS Pulse Code Modulation: 1. Draw the block diagram of basic digital communication system. How it is different from analog communication system. 2. What are the advantages of
More informationECE 4600 Communication Systems
ECE 4600 Communication Systems Dr. Bradley J. Bazuin Associate Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences Course Topics Course Introduction
More informationPart 3. Multiple Access Methods. p. 1 ELEC6040 Mobile Radio Communications, Dept. of E.E.E., HKU
Part 3. Multiple Access Methods p. 1 ELEC6040 Mobile Radio Communications, Dept. of E.E.E., HKU Review of Multiple Access Methods Aim of multiple access To simultaneously support communications between
More informationSC - Single carrier systems One carrier carries data stream
Digital modulation SC - Single carrier systems One carrier carries data stream MC - Multi-carrier systems Many carriers are used for data transmission. Data stream is divided into sub-streams and each
More informationAbout Homework. The rest parts of the course: focus on popular standards like GSM, WCDMA, etc.
About Homework The rest parts of the course: focus on popular standards like GSM, WCDMA, etc. Good news: No complicated mathematics and calculations! Concepts: Understanding and remember! Homework: review
More informationImplementation of Digital Signal Processing: Some Background on GFSK Modulation
Implementation of Digital Signal Processing: Some Background on GFSK Modulation Sabih H. Gerez University of Twente, Department of Electrical Engineering s.h.gerez@utwente.nl Version 5 (March 9, 2016)
More informationInternational Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research ISSN:
Reviewed Paper Volume 3 Issue 7 March 2016 International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research Study Of Bit Error Rate Performance And CFO Estimation In OFDM Using QPSK Modulation Technique Paper
More informationUltra Wideband Transceiver Design
Ultra Wideband Transceiver Design By: Wafula Wanjala George For: Bachelor Of Science In Electrical & Electronic Engineering University Of Nairobi SUPERVISOR: Dr. Vitalice Oduol EXAMINER: Dr. M.K. Gakuru
More informationSignal Characteristics
Data Transmission The successful transmission of data depends upon two factors:» The quality of the transmission signal» The characteristics of the transmission medium Some type of transmission medium
More informationMobile & Wireless Networking. Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2)
192620010 Mobile & Wireless Networking Lecture 2: Wireless Transmission (2/2) [Schiller, Section 2.6 & 2.7] [Reader Part 1: OFDM: An architecture for the fourth generation] Geert Heijenk Outline of Lecture
More informationSpread Spectrum (SS) is a means of transmission in which the signal occupies a
SPREAD-SPECTRUM SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES: A BRIEF OVERVIEW SS: AN OVERVIEW Spread Spectrum (SS) is a means of transmission in which the signal occupies a bandwidth in excess of the minimum necessary to send
More informationDigital Communication
Digital Communication (ECE4058) Electronics and Communication Engineering Hanyang University Haewoon Nam Lecture 1 1 Digital Band Pass Modulation echnique Digital and-pass modulation techniques Amplitude-shift
More informationChapter 2: Signal Representation
Chapter 2: Signal Representation Aveek Dutta Assistant Professor Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University at Albany Spring 2018 Images and equations adopted from: Digital Communications
More informationAngle Modulated Systems
Angle Modulated Systems Angle of carrier signal is changed in accordance with instantaneous amplitude of modulating signal. Two types Frequency Modulation (FM) Phase Modulation (PM) Use Commercial radio
More informationMultirate schemes for multimedia applications in DS/CDMA Systems
Multirate schemes for multimedia applications in DS/CDMA Systems Tony Ottosson and Arne Svensson Dept. of Information Theory, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden phone: +46 31
More informationLecture 3: Wireless Physical Layer: Modulation Techniques. Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 Jan 13, Monday
Lecture 3: Wireless Physical Layer: Modulation Techniques Mythili Vutukuru CS 653 Spring 2014 Jan 13, Monday Modulation We saw a simple example of amplitude modulation in the last lecture Modulation how
More informationRobust Frequency-Hopping System for Channels with Interference and Frequency-Selective Fading
Robust Frequency-Hopping System for Channels with Interference and Frequency-Selective Fading Don Torrieri 1, Shi Cheng 2, and Matthew C. Valenti 2 1 US Army Research Lab 2 Lane Department of Computer
More informationTime division multiplexing The block diagram for TDM is illustrated as shown in the figure
CHAPTER 2 Syllabus: 1) Pulse amplitude modulation 2) TDM 3) Wave form coding techniques 4) PCM 5) Quantization noise and SNR 6) Robust quantization Pulse amplitude modulation In pulse amplitude modulation,
More informationMaking Noise in RF Receivers Simulate Real-World Signals with Signal Generators
Making Noise in RF Receivers Simulate Real-World Signals with Signal Generators Noise is an unwanted signal. In communication systems, noise affects both transmitter and receiver performance. It degrades
More informationECEn 665: Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications 131. s(t) = A c [1 + αm(t)] cos (ω c t) (9.27)
ECEn 665: Antennas and Propagation for Wireless Communications 131 9. Modulation Modulation is a way to vary the amplitude and phase of a sinusoidal carrier waveform in order to transmit information. When
More informationOutline / Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing. Cartoon View 1 A Wave of Energy
Outline 18-452/18-750 Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing Peter Steenkiste Carnegie Mellon University Spring Semester 2017 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/wirelesss17/
More informationBEING wideband, chaotic signals are well suited for
680 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II: EXPRESS BRIEFS, VOL. 51, NO. 12, DECEMBER 2004 Performance of Differential Chaos-Shift-Keying Digital Communication Systems Over a Multipath Fading Channel
More informationOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing & Measurement of its Performance
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology IJCSMC, Vol. 5, Issue. 2, February 2016,
More informationPerformance Analysis of OFDM for Different Digital Modulation Schemes using Matlab Simulation
J. Bangladesh Electron. 10 (7-2); 7-11, 2010 Performance Analysis of OFDM for Different Digital Modulation Schemes using Matlab Simulation Md. Shariful Islam *1, Md. Asek Raihan Mahmud 1, Md. Alamgir Hossain
More informationComparative Analysis of Different Modulation Schemes in Rician Fading Induced FSO Communication System
International Journal of Electronics Engineering Research. ISSN 975-645 Volume 9, Number 8 (17) pp. 1159-1169 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Comparative Analysis of Different
More informationDIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. MSc in Electronic Technologies and Communications
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS MSc in Electronic Technologies and Communications Bandpass binary signalling The common techniques of bandpass binary signalling are: - On-off keying (OOK), also known as
More informationPhysical Layer: Modulation, FEC. Wireless Networks: Guevara Noubir. S2001, COM3525 Wireless Networks Lecture 3, 1
Wireless Networks: Physical Layer: Modulation, FEC Guevara Noubir Noubir@ccsneuedu S, COM355 Wireless Networks Lecture 3, Lecture focus Modulation techniques Bit Error Rate Reducing the BER Forward Error
More informationComparative Analysis of the BER Performance of WCDMA Using Different Spreading Code Generator
Science Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing 2016; 5(2): 19-23 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/cssp doi: 10.11648/j.cssp.20160502.12 ISSN: 2326-9065 (Print); ISSN: 2326-9073 (Online)
More informationA novel multiple access scheme for mobile communications systems
Indian Journal of Radio & Space Physics Vol. 36, October 7, pp. 43-435 A novel multiple access scheme for mobile communications systems Poonam Singh, R V Raja umar & S Lamba Department of Electronics &
More informationMODULATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES
1 MODULATION AND MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES Networks and Communication Department Dr. Marwah Ahmed Outlines 2 Introduction Digital Transmission Digital Modulation Digital Transmission of Analog Signal
More informationEEE 309 Communication Theory
EEE 309 Communication Theory Semester: January 2017 Dr. Md. Farhad Hossain Associate Professor Department of EEE, BUET Email: mfarhadhossain@eee.buet.ac.bd Office: ECE 331, ECE Building Types of Modulation
More informationEE3723 : Digital Communications
EE3723 : Digital Communications Week 11, 12: Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) Nyquist Criteria for ISI Pulse Shaping and Raised-Cosine Filter Eye Pattern Equalization (On Board) 01-Jun-15 Muhammad Ali Jinnah
More informationTransmission Fundamentals
College of Computer & Information Science Wireless Networks Northeastern University Lecture 1 Transmission Fundamentals Signals Data rate and bandwidth Nyquist sampling theorem Shannon capacity theorem
More informationMultipath Path. Direct Path
Chapter Fading Channels. Channel Models In this chapter we examine models of fading channels and the performance of coding and modulation for fading channels. Fading occurs due to multiple paths between
More informationWritten Exam Channel Modeling for Wireless Communications - ETIN10
Written Exam Channel Modeling for Wireless Communications - ETIN10 Department of Electrical and Information Technology Lund University 2017-03-13 2.00 PM - 7.00 PM A minimum of 30 out of 60 points are
More informationKey words: OFDM, FDM, BPSK, QPSK.
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2014 ISSN: 2277 128X International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Research Paper Available online at: www.ijarcsse.com Analyse the Performance
More informationBasic Concepts in Data Transmission
Basic Concepts in Data Transmission EE450: Introduction to Computer Networks Professor A. Zahid A.Zahid-EE450 1 Data and Signals Data is an entity that convey information Analog Continuous values within
More informationOFDM Systems For Different Modulation Technique
Computing For Nation Development, February 08 09, 2008 Bharati Vidyapeeth s Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi OFDM Systems For Different Modulation Technique Mrs. Pranita N.
More informationDigital data (a sequence of binary bits) can be transmitted by various pule waveforms.
Chapter 2 Line Coding Digital data (a sequence of binary bits) can be transmitted by various pule waveforms. Sometimes these pulse waveforms have been called line codes. 2.1 Signalling Format Figure 2.1
More informationDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1
UNIT I SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION Pulse Modulation 1. Explain in detail the generation of PWM and PPM signals (16) (M/J 2011) 2. Explain in detail the concept of PWM and PAM (16) (N/D 2012) 3. What is the
More informationSymbol Shaping for Barker Spread Wi-Fi Communications
Symbol Shaping for Barker Spread Wi-Fi Communications Tanim M. Taher, Graduate Student Member, IEEE, Matthew J. Misurac, Student Member, IEEE, Donald R. Ucci, Senior Member, IEEE, Joseph L. LoCicero, Senior
More informationSEN366 Computer Networks
SEN366 Computer Networks Prof. Dr. Hasan Hüseyin BALIK (5 th Week) 5. Signal Encoding Techniques 5.Outline An overview of the basic methods of encoding digital data into a digital signal An overview of
More informationRevision of Wireless Channel
Revision of Wireless Channel Quick recap system block diagram CODEC MODEM Wireless Channel Previous three lectures looked into wireless mobile channels To understand mobile communication technologies,
More informationA Soft-Limiting Receiver Structure for Time-Hopping UWB in Multiple Access Interference
2006 IEEE Ninth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications A Soft-Limiting Receiver Structure for Time-Hopping UWB in Multiple Access Interference Norman C. Beaulieu, Fellow,
More informationStudy of Turbo Coded OFDM over Fading Channel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 3, Issue 2 (August 2012), PP. 54-58 Study of Turbo Coded OFDM over Fading Channel
More informationDigital Transceiver using H-Ternary Line Coding Technique
Digital Transceiver using H-Ternary Line Coding Technique Abstract In this paper Digital Transceiver using Hybrid Ternary Technique gives the details about digital transmitter and receiver with the design
More informationEE5713 : Advanced Digital Communications
EE573 : Advanced Digital Communications Week 4, 5: Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) Nyquist Criteria for ISI Pulse Shaping and Raised-Cosine Filter Eye Pattern Error Performance Degradation (On Board) Demodulation
More informationDigital Modulators & Line Codes
Digital Modulators & Line Codes Professor A. Manikas Imperial College London EE303 - Communication Systems An Overview of Fundamental Prof. A. Manikas (Imperial College) EE303: Dig. Mod. and Line Codes
More informationProblems from the 3 rd edition
(2.1-1) Find the energies of the signals: a) sin t, 0 t π b) sin t, 0 t π c) 2 sin t, 0 t π d) sin (t-2π), 2π t 4π Problems from the 3 rd edition Comment on the effect on energy of sign change, time shifting
More informationComm 502: Communication Theory
Comm 50: Communication Theory Prof. Dean of the faculty of IET The German University in Cairo 1 COMM 50: Communication Theory Instructor: Ahmed El-Mahdy Office : C3.319 Lecture Time: Sat. nd Slot Office
More informationNarrow- and wideband channels
RADIO SYSTEMS ETIN15 Lecture no: 3 Narrow- and wideband channels Ove Edfors, Department of Electrical and Information technology Ove.Edfors@eit.lth.se 2012-03-19 Ove Edfors - ETIN15 1 Contents Short review
More informationProblem Sheet 1 Probability, random processes, and noise
Problem Sheet 1 Probability, random processes, and noise 1. If F X (x) is the distribution function of a random variable X and x 1 x 2, show that F X (x 1 ) F X (x 2 ). 2. Use the definition of the cumulative
More informationSPREAD SPECTRUM (SS) SIGNALS FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
Dr. Ali Muqaibel SPREAD SPECTRUM (SS) SIGNALS FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS VERSION 1.1 Dr. Ali Hussein Muqaibel 1 Introduction Narrow band signal (data) In Spread Spectrum, the bandwidth W is much greater
More informationUNIT 2 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION DIGITAL COMMUNICATION-Introduction The techniques used to modulate digital information so that it can be transmitted via microwave, satellite or down a cable pair is different
More informationSpread Spectrum Techniques
0 Spread Spectrum Techniques Contents 1 1. Overview 2. Pseudonoise Sequences 3. Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems 4. Frequency Hopping Systems 5. Synchronization 6. Applications 2 1. Overview Basic
More informationOutline. EECS 3213 Fall Sebastian Magierowski York University. Review Passband Modulation. Constellations ASK, FSK, PSK.
EECS 3213 Fall 2014 L12: Modulation Sebastian Magierowski York University 1 Outline Review Passband Modulation ASK, FSK, PSK Constellations 2 1 Underlying Idea Attempting to send a sequence of digits through
More informationDigital Communications over Fading Channel s
over Fading Channel s Instructor: Prof. Dr. Noor M Khan Department of Electronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, PAKISTAN Ph: +9 (51) 111-878787, Ext. 19 (Office),
More information