Doped magnesium Nano structured E-Shaped Patch Antenna

Transcription

1 Doped magnesium Nano structured E-Shaped Patch Antenna A. P. Bhat 1, S. J. Dhoble 2, C. S. Prakash 4 K.G.Rewatkar 3 1 Department of Electronics, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur India-33 2 Department of Physics, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur India-33 3 Department of Physics Dr. Ambedkar College, Nagpur India-10 4 Department of Physics, SJC Institute of Technology, Chikkaballapura, Bangalore Abstract The development of high efficient microstrip antenna with the MgSm x Fe 2-x O 4 and Dy-Sm coated on PCB and RT DUROID5880 as substrate to have a patch antenna with perfect ground environment. Here material are synthesised at the nano scale using the Sol-gel autocombustion method with different concentrations, was coated over the surface with dielectric constant of 2.2 and 4.4 and loss tangent of and The efficiency increasing the pattern of antenna are designed in such a way that low excitation /operation voltage is required. This combination forms a new substrate for E shaped an d multiple E shape dual band micro strip patch antenna is design. It was found that the dielectric constant was reduced to 1.12 and 3.5 with loss tangent as and The thickness value of the combination was kept 10 mile, 15 mile, 17 mile, 20 mile and 25 mile. The simulation was performed using IE3D simulator for a frequency range of 1 GHz to 5 GHz. The Return loss was db, VSWR value was , the Directivity came to be dbi, the Gain was dBi. The Efficiency came to be 84%, these simulated results were encouraging against the practical design simulation of 97.56% 1 Corresponding author: anup_b5@yahoo.com 1. Introduction Antennas are key components in wireless system as it transmits and/or receives electromagnetic waves. Antennas are resonant devices; operate efficiently over a relatively narrow frequency band. An antenna is tuned to the same frequency band as the transmitter frequency. The receiving antenna work with the system for turning the received electromagnetic waves into its original form electrical signal in wire. Magnetic properties were imparted to a naturally nonmagnetic material by metallic inclusions. The miniaturisation of the antenna technology comes with the magnetic material development and patterning in terms of antenna specifically micro strip patch antenna. The effective medium meta material is employed electromagnetically as small RF circuits to achieve permeability and permittivity greater than that of the host dielectric. A microstrip patch antenna is termed as a lowprofile antenna that has a number of advantages over other antennas it is lightweight, inexpensive, and easy to integrate with accompanying electronics. The antenna can be 3 D Organized by DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 1

2 in structure wrapped around an object, the elements are usually flat ; hence their other name, planar antennas but that a planar antenna is not always a patch antenna. Antenna miniaturization and bandwidth improvement has always has been always challenging goals for the researcher. The various methods for the miniaturisation of antenna such as material loading and shape designing play vital role in the development. The large material loading limited the physical geometry as thickness and uniformity of material. The limited availability of fabrication technique and material for the antenna substrate forcefully made the practical implementation with the engineering device fabrication. The loading of material with the dielectric distribution with the predesigned material call as metamaterial. This gives the promising possibility of miniaturisation of size with concurrent enhancement in the bandwidth. Geometric control of the metamaterial deposition in electronic allowed to be multiple circuitry application. The magnetic metamaterial exhibits enhanced and acceptable loss-factor levels. Device modelling and predicting are presented, the benefits of employing metamaterial substrates as the results antenna. The metamaterial exhibits performance characteristics not achievable in natural materials. Of particular significance is that with the permeability varying strongly and predictably with frequency and miniature. Figure1: patch antenna model with feed point In this study we try to develop and experimentally validate engineered magnetic metamaterial that not available in natural materials [1] [4]. We experimentally determine the technique of producing magnetic properties in an engineered material using nonmagnetic elements. The application is demonstrate the magnetic permeability, permittivity, and dimensional parameter of this engineered material with metamaterial antenna above a ground plane. While there are numerous alternative methods for miniaturizing patch antennas, and a few alternative methods of producing magnetic properties using embedded circuits [5] [6]. The patch antenna application calls for low-loss operation with a special relative magnetic permeability at frequencies where low-loss magnetically permeable materials do not exist [1]. For low-loss applications of magnetic materials, the upper frequency end of the magnetic region for high-quality ferrites, limited by the Gyromagnetic resonances, occurs in the VHF UHF range, which is too low a frequency for microwave applications [5]. 2. Designing parameters The dimensions design specifies a single microstrip patch antenna. The patch conductor can be assumed at any shape, but generally simple geometries are used, and this simples the analysis and performance prediction [13]. Here, the half-wavelength rectangular patch element is chosen as the array element as commonly used in microstrip antennas [9]. Its characteristic parameters are length (L), width (w), and thickness (H), as shown in Figure 1. Theoretical analysis and calculations [10] from of all dimensions will be obtained; Organized by DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 2

3 Width calculation Effective dielectric calculation Effective length Length extension Physical length Figure 2: Patch antenna design and physical model [13] The complete structure is simulated is using the EM Talk software and emgine and 4nec software for the dimensional and other parameter as, Substrate (Ԑ) H (mm) Table 1: Dimensional detail W (mm) L (mm) Z 0 single mode feed Z 0 differe ntial Z 0 Radiation efficiency RT Duriod DySm RT Duriod MgSm x Fe 2-xO 4 RT Duriod Alumina mm mm mm RT Duriod Graphen mm Organized by DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 3

4 Table2: Radiation efficiency substrate Dielectric constant (Ԑ) Radiation efficiency Directivity (dbi) Fre. (Ghz) (Rƞ) RT duriod DySm RT duriod 5880+silica+ DySm RT duriod Alumina+ MgSm x Fe 2-xO RT duriod 5880+graphen Silicon substrates Table 3: miniaturisation parameter with magnetic material Description Frequency GHZ Resonant length Miniaturisation factor Efficiency % RT duriod DySm RT Duriod MgSm x Fe 2-xO RT duriod DySm RT duriod MgSm x Fe 2-xO Figure 4: frequency resonance of Patch antenna 3. Results The antenna performance parameters, such as the miniaturization and efficiency factors of several patch antennas over the metamaterial substrate operating at different frequencies, are given in Tables 3. A patch antenna in free space will resonate with a length of approximately and, for our purposes, the miniaturization factor is defined as the fraction of size for which the patch resonates [13]. In this patch orientation, the magnetic enhancement of the material does not provide for miniaturization and, as a result, the patch is comparable to the size of the ground plane. This nearly parallel-plate capacitor structure suffers from somewhat stronger edge effects and, therefore, should exhibit lower efficiency. That the nonmagnetic orientation of operation yields significant losses indicates that the losses observed in the permeabilityenhanced orientation are not entirely caused by the magnetic loss tangent itself. The ohmic losses of the patch, ground plane, and dielectric loss tangent of the substrate are also contributing to the high losses. Organized by DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 4

5 4. Conclusion A naturally nonmagnetic dielectric was implemented with magnetic properties and permeability by means of embedded resonant circuits. This metamaterial substrate possesses enhanced positive values of permeability with reasonable loss levels. A microstrip patch antenna was developed and tested to demonstrate the potential application of these magnetic metamaterial substrates. Miniaturization factors on the order of 4 7 and moderate efficiencies of 20% 30% were observed [12], validating that various miniaturization factors may be selected in a miniaturization efficiency optimization using a single material. Higher efficiencies should be achievable with judicious metal we introduced the utilization of ferromagnetic compound, namely Dy-Sm, MgSm x Fe 2-x O 4 as a substrate in patch antennas in an effort to tune the radiation characteristics by means of an externally controlled parameter. Especially, in this work we focused on changing and controlling the polarization under the application of an external dc magnetic field. If the concentration of Sm is increased to higher percentage. The expected result will be further encouraging and this implantable antenna will be applicable to a dual ism band for medical monitoring applications. References [1] Grange, F.; Delaveaud, C.; Madhjoubi, K.;, "Miniaturization of artificial magnetic conductors," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 2010 IEEE, 11-17, 2010 [2] Salonen, P.; Keskilammi, M.; Rahmat-Samii, Y.;, "Textile antennas: Effect of antenna bending on radiation pattern and efficiency," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, AP-S IEEE, pp.1-4, 5-11, 2008 [3] Ranga, Y.; Matekovits, L.; Esselle, K.P.; Weily, A.R.;, "Multioctave Frequency Selective Surface Reflector for Ultrawideband Antennas," Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, pp , 2011 [4] Calhau, Luis; Pinho, Pedro;, "Low profile multi-band antenna for mobile communications," Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 2010 Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on, pp.1-4, 12-16,2010 [5] Grange, F.; Delaveaud, C.; Madhjoubi, K.;, "Miniaturization of artificial magnetic conductors," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI), 2010 IEEE, pp.1-4, [6 ] Ranga, Y.; Matekovits, L.; Esselle, K.P.; Weily, A.R.;, "Multioctave Frequency Selective Surface Reflector for Ultrawideband Antennas," Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE, pp , 2011 [7] Foroozesh, A.; Shafai, L.;, "Investigation Into the Application of Artificial Magnetic Conductors to Bandwidth Broadening, Gain Enhancement and Beam Shaping of Low Profile and Conventional Monopole Antennas," Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, pp.4-20, 2011 [8] A. K. M. Rahim, A. N. M. Karim,,T. Masri, A. Asrokin, "Comparison between Straight and U shape of Ultra Wide Band Microstrip Antenna using Log Periodic Technique," Ultra- Wideband, ICUWB IEEE International Conference on, pp , 24-26,2007 [9] A. A. Gheethan, D. E. Anagnostou, "Reduced size planar Log-Periodic Arrays (LPDAs) using rectangular meander line elements," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, AP-S IEEE, pp.1-4, 5-11,2008 [10] Al-Nuaimi, M., "Low profile dipole antenna design using square SRRs artificial ground plane," Wireless Conference (EW), 2010 European, pp , [11] Qi Wu; Ronghong Jin; Junping Geng;, "A Single-Layer Ultrawideband Microstrip Antenna," Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, pp , 2010 Organized by DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 5

6 [12] Kern, D.J.; Werner, D.H.; Werner, P.L.;, "Optimization of multi-band AMC surfaces with magnetic loading," Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE, pp [13] Qi Luo; Pereira, J.R.; Salgado, H.M.;, "Tuneable multiband antenna with an active artificial magnetic conductor ground plane," Microwave Conference (EuMC), 2010 European, pp , 2010 [14] J.G. Joshi, Shyam S. Pattnaik and S. Devi, Rectangular Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna with Parti ally Loaded Metamaterial Ground Plane, International Journal Of Microwave And Optical Technology, Organized by DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Page 6