The Friis Transmission Formula

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "The Friis Transmission Formula"

Transcription

1 The Friis Transmission Formula If we assume that the antennas are aligned for maximum transmission and reception, then in free space, P RX = G TXA e P TX 4πr 2 where A e is the receiving aperture of the receiving antenna. Since A e = G RXλ 2 4π [ ] λ 2 P RX = G TX G RX P TX 4πr 1 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

2 Antenna Noise Random noise comes from both objects and the sky (from space): E.G. The cosmic radiation background at 3 o K. Black body radiation => it must be there at finite temperature even in a vacuum! This noise can be picked up by antennas. In a receiver it adds to the noise of the receiver electronics. PSD = N o = KT where K = J/ o K and T is the absolute temperature o Kelvin. The noise power is P N = ktb Such noise picked up by the antenna leads to the definition of antenna temperature. 2 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

3 Link Budget: Friis transmission Use the Friis transmission formula which applies to propagation between line of sight antennas: λ P RX = G RX G TX P TX (4πr) where P TX and P RX are the transmit and received powers, G TX,G RX are the gains of the antennas at each end of the link. 2 Express in dbm (db w.r.t 1 mw): P(dBm) = 10log 10 P(Watts).001 Express in db with respect to 1 mw.. dbm ( ) λ P RX (dbm) = P TX (dbm)+10log 10 G TX +10log 10 G RX +20log 10 4πr 3 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

4 Link Budget: Example Determine required parabolic dish diameter of a 4 GHz earth station antenna if its system temperature is 100k for an S/N ratio (SNR) of 20 db, Bw 30MHz and satellite transponder power of 5 Watts, dish diameter 2m Some data... SNR = P RX P N. Here P RX will eventually mean at the very end of the receive chain. Radius of geosynch. orbit = 42164kms Radius of earth = 6371kms Elevation od Geosynch. satellite = kms 4 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

5 Link Budget: Example Determine required parabolic dish diameter of a 4 GHz earth station antenna if its system temperature is 100k for an SNR of 20 db, Bw 30MHz and satellite transponder power of 5 Watts, dish diameter 2m λ P earth (dbm) = P sat (dbm)+g sat +G earth +20log 10 [ 4π( ) ] λ SNR = P sat (dbm) P N +G sat +G earth +20log 10 [ 4π( ) ] = 20dB λ G earth = ( P sat +20+P n ) G sat 20log 10 [ 4π( ) ] where G sat = 4πA sat = 35.4dB and A λ 2 sat = πdsat 2 /8 = 1.6m2 is the satellite antenna aperture (assuming 50% aperture efficiency). 5 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

6 Link Budget: Example Using noise and transmitted powers (dbm) P N = 10log 10 (KTB/.001) = 104dBm P TX = 10log 10 (5/.001) = 37dBm we obtain G earth = 39.3dB and A earth = Gλ2 4πe where e = 0.5 is the aperture efficiency, and D earth = 3.12m. A earth = (10 G earth/10 ) λ2 4πe => D earth = 4Aearth π 6 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

7 Satelllite Frequency Bands 7 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

8 General Satellite System Block Diagram. 8 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

9 Typical ground terminal 9 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

10 Satellite Communications Systems (cont.) The most desired frequency band for satellite communications is 6GHz on the uplink (Earth to satellite) and 4GHz on the downlink (satellite to earth). Why? In this range: 1) equipment is relatively inexpensive, 2) cosmic noise is small and 3) rainfall does not appreciably attenuate the signals (worse for higher f smaller wavelength of order of size of raindrops.) Unfortunately, these bands are already allocated to terrestrial microwave radio relay links so the power density on Earth from satellites operating in these bands is restricted. 10 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

11 Satellite Communications Systems (cont.) Also need to carefully place receivers for satellites in these bands so that they do not receive interference signals from these microwave links. In the 6GHz/4GHz band, satellites are assigned a spacing of 2. Many satellite transponders do not demodulate the received signal before retransmission. They simply amplify, down-convert (from say 6GHz to 4GHz) and then retransmit. As technology allows, satellites will also process the incoming signals (e.g. filter noise, reshape pulses) before retransmission. Will result in better BER. 11 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

12 Noise in Electronics - Johnson / Nyquist / thermal Exists everywhere - even in a vacuum - The noise produced by thermal equilibrium (as in Physics) Noise power Power(Watts) = k B T( o K) B(Hz) where k B = J/ o K (Boltzmann s constant) Convert to dbm P(dBm) = 10log 10 k B TB At T = 300 o K and B = 7MHz(TV), P = 105dBm Thermal noise power increases with bandwidth 12 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

13 Noise in Electronics - Shot or Schottky noise Arises from the discrete nature of charge carriers Noise curremt (r.m.s.) I 2 shot = 2qI dcb where q = Coulomb (electronic charge) Convert to power P shot = 10log 10 2RqI dc B R = 50Ω, I dc = 1mA, P shot = 100dBm. 13 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

14 Man Made Noise 14 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

15 Noise Performance of Amplifiers When a signal of SNR, SNR i, with noise power N i enters an amplifier (any electronic device with gain) and exits with a new SNR, SNR o with noise power N o then we define the Noise Factor (F) of the network as, F = SNR i SNR o Notice that SNR i is always > SNR o. The Noise Figure is defined as, NF = 10log 10 (F) If the noise is only amplified then the NF is 0. In practice of course amplifiers make things worse. 15 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

16 The Noise Performance of Cascaded Amplifiers The noise factor of cascaded amplifiers is given by, F TOT = F 1 + F 2 1 G 1 + F 3 1 G 1 G where G k are the power gains of the various amplifiers and F k are the noise factors Provided that the amplifier gains are much larger than unity, the noise factor (and therefore the noise figure) of a receiver chain is dominated by that of the first amplifier.... F1,G1 F2,G2 F3,G3 Fk,Gk 16 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

17 Noise Performance of Lossy Networks If noise enters a lossy circuit then the NF is equal to the insertion loss (IL) of the circuit. NF = IL(dB) Insertion Loss (IL) refers to that fraction of the signal power which is dissipated in the network. Insertion Loss (IL) is another name for the (power) transfer function 17 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

18 Example Noise Power Calculation. Consider the following receiver chain which is typical of that in a wireless receiver. The noise figure of the mixer and filter (both passive devices with the given insertion losses) is 11dB. Find the overall noise figure of the receiver 18 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

19 Example Noise Power Calculation. (Contd) The noise factor of the amplifier is 2 (=10 3/10 ). The noise figure of the mixer and filter is 11 db and so the noise factor is 12.6 (=10 11/10 ). Thus, F TOT = F 1 + F 2 1 G 1 = 2+(12.6 1)/10 = Finally we obtain NF = 10log 10 (3.16) = 5dB. 19 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

20 Receiver Noise Calculations The thermal noise added to a signal when passing through a system is given by, In dbm N o = k B TB N o = 10log 10 k B TB If N o and the NF are known, then the required input signal level for a given output SNR can be calculated, S i = NF +N o +SNR o 20 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

21 Receiver Noise Calculations (Example) In the above example compute the required input signal level for a 10 db output SNR and a 1.25 MHz bandwidth. N o = 10log 10 ( )(293)( ) = 113dBm Therefore S i = NF +N o +SNR o = 5dB 113dBm+10dBm = 98dBm Notice that Johnson noise was assumed as the baseline input noise to the receiver. This is rarely the case in practice 21 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

22 22 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

23 23 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

24 24 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

25 Dealing with Noise In telecommunications the effects of noise are mitigated by the choice of receiver components that have a low NF. That is: NF is the parameter to look for in active component datasheets. Because it is that first amplifier in the receiver chain which determines the noise figure, it is usually chosen to be a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) ( 10dB NF). To determine the sensitivity of a receiver in a particular application, one needs to measure the input noise from the antenna in situ and this will depend on the quietness of the site where the receiver is located. Site test. 25 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

26 How to Measure Noise in Radio Receivers: SINAD (Signal to Noise And Distortion) The method of measuring noise in arbitrary loads (e.g. antennas) and FM receivers Load under test N(t) W(t) Coupler 1 khz FM Modulated N(t) + W(t) FM Detector Audio amp with AGC carrier at RF frequency RMS Volta meter Galvanometer set for 12 db SINAD I Khz Notch filter 26 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

27 Spectrum Analyser Revision LO Sweep generator is mixed with incoming signal IF signal is passed through two filters. IF filter : Resolution Bandwidth. DC filter : Video Bandwidth. Thus be wary when measuring the phase noise with a spectrum analyser. 27 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

28 Transfer Function, Insertion Loss (Conversion Loss) and Attenuation. The Transfer function of a four port network is the ratio of its output voltage V o when terminated (in Z o ) to that when the network is replace by Z o. Transfer function must be unity if the network is lossless. Insertion loss is the same as the transfer function. Attenuation only includes the loss from input to the output in terms of the voltage. Transfer Function = 2V o Z o Attenuation = V o V i Transfer Function = Attenuation (1+ρ) ρ = Z i Z o Z i + Z o 28 ENGN6521 / ENGN4521: Embedded Wireless L#10

TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 6: Propagation and Noise. Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY

TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 6: Propagation and Noise. Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 6: Propagation and Noise Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY 2 Propagation and Noise - Channel and antenna: not in the Razavi book - Noise: 2.3 The wireless channel The antenna Signal

More information

TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 6: Propagation and Noise. Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY

TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 6: Propagation and Noise. Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 6: Propagation and Noise Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY 2 Propagation and Noise - Channel and antenna: not in the Razavi book - Noise: 2.3 The wireless channel The antenna Signal

More information

Introduction to Analog And Digital Communications

Introduction to Analog And Digital Communications Introduction to Analog And Digital Communications Second Edition Simon Haykin, Michael Moher Chapter 11 System and Noise Calculations 11.1 Electrical Noise 11.2 Noise Figure 11.3 Equivalent Noise Temperature

More information

Solution: NF=6 db, B=2.1 GHz, SNR min =7dB T=290 k, P in,1db = 10.5 dbm

Solution: NF=6 db, B=2.1 GHz, SNR min =7dB T=290 k, P in,1db = 10.5 dbm Consider a receiver with a noise figure of 6 db and a bandwidth of 2.1 GHz operating at room temperature. The input 1-dB compression point is 10.5 dbm and the detector at receiver output requires a minimum

More information

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5 Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

Unit 3 - Wireless Propagation and Cellular Concepts

Unit 3 - Wireless Propagation and Cellular Concepts X Courses» Introduction to Wireless and Cellular Communications Unit 3 - Wireless Propagation and Cellular Concepts Course outline How to access the portal Assignment 2. Overview of Cellular Evolution

More information

SATELLITE LINK DESIGN

SATELLITE LINK DESIGN 1 SATELLITE LINK DESIGN Networks and Communication Department Dr. Marwah Ahmed Outlines 2 Introduction Basic Transmission Theory System Noise Temperature and G/T Ratio Design of Downlinks Satellite Communication

More information

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5

Antennas and Propagation. Chapter 5 Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

Data and Computer Communications. Tenth Edition by William Stallings

Data and Computer Communications. Tenth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications Tenth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications, Tenth Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson Education - Prentice Hall, 2013 Wireless Transmission

More information

Noise and Propagation mechanisms

Noise and Propagation mechanisms 2 Noise and Propagation mechanisms Noise Johnson-Nyquist noise Physical review 1928 V rms2 = 4kTBR k : Bolzmann s constant T : absolute temperature B : bandwidth R : Resistance P=4kTB 1 1 Why is this a

More information

RADIO RECEIVERS ECE 3103 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

RADIO RECEIVERS ECE 3103 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS RADIO RECEIVERS ECE 3103 WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS FUNCTIONS OF A RADIO RECEIVER The main functions of a radio receiver are: 1. To intercept the RF signal by using the receiver antenna 2. Select the

More information

Antennas & Propagation. CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman

Antennas & Propagation. CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman Antennas & Propagation CSG 250 Fall 2007 Rajmohan Rajaraman Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors o Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space o Reception

More information

Unguided Transmission Media

Unguided Transmission Media CS311 Data Communication Unguided Transmission Media by Dr. Manas Khatua Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE IIT Jodhpur E-mail: manaskhatua@iitj.ac.in Web: http://home.iitj.ac.in/~manaskhatua http://manaskhatua.github.io/

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation CMPE 477 Wireless and Mobile Networks Lecture 3: Antennas and Propagation Antennas Propagation Modes Line of Sight Transmission Fading in the Mobile Environment Introduction An antenna is an electrical

More information

EEG 816: Radiowave Propagation 2009

EEG 816: Radiowave Propagation 2009 Student Matriculation No: Name: EEG 816: Radiowave Propagation 2009 Dr A Ogunsola This exam consists of 5 problems. The total number of pages is 5, including the cover page. You have 2.5 hours to solve

More information

Noise and Interference Limited Systems

Noise and Interference Limited Systems Chapter 3 Noise and Interference Limited Systems 47 Basics of link budgets Link budgets show how different components and propagation processes influence the available SNR Link budgets can be used to compute

More information

NOISE INTERNAL NOISE. Thermal Noise

NOISE INTERNAL NOISE. Thermal Noise NOISE INTERNAL NOISE......1 Thermal Noise......1 Shot Noise......2 Frequency dependent noise......3 THERMAL NOISE......3 Resistors in series......3 Resistors in parallel......4 Power Spectral Density......4

More information

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS -I

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS -I COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS -I Communication : It is the act of transmission of information. ELEMENTS OF A COMMUNICATION SYSTEM TRANSMITTER MEDIUM/CHANNEL: The physical medium that connects transmitter to receiver

More information

Chapter 1: Introduction. EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara

Chapter 1: Introduction. EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara Chapter 1: Introduction EET-223: RF Communication Circuits Walter Lara Introduction Electronic communication involves transmission over medium from source to destination Information can contain voice,

More information

Final Examination. 22 April 2013, 9:30 12:00. Examiner: Prof. Sean V. Hum. All non-programmable electronic calculators are allowed.

Final Examination. 22 April 2013, 9:30 12:00. Examiner: Prof. Sean V. Hum. All non-programmable electronic calculators are allowed. UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECE 422H1S RADIO AND MICROWAVE WIRELESS SYSTEMS Final Examination

More information

Unguided Media and Matched Filter After this lecture, you will be able to Example?

Unguided Media and Matched Filter After this lecture, you will be able to Example? Unguided Media and Matched Filter After this lecture, you will be able to describe the physical and transmission characteristics of various unguided media Example? B.1 Unguided media Guided to unguided

More information

Noise by the Numbers

Noise by the Numbers Noise by the Numbers 1 What can I do with noise? The two primary applications for white noise are signal jamming/impairment and reference level comparison. Signal jamming/impairment is further divided

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation Antennas and Propagation Chapter 5 Introduction An antenna is an electrical conductor or system of conductors Transmission - radiates electromagnetic energy into space Reception - collects electromagnetic

More information

Chapter 4 The RF Link

Chapter 4 The RF Link Chapter 4 The RF Link The fundamental elements of the communications satellite Radio Frequency (RF) or free space link are introduced. Basic transmission parameters, such as Antenna gain, Beamwidth, Free-space

More information

Chapter 4 Radio Communication Basics

Chapter 4 Radio Communication Basics Chapter 4 Radio Communication Basics Chapter 4 Radio Communication Basics RF Signal Propagation and Reception Basics and Keywords Transmitter Power and Receiver Sensitivity Power - antenna gain: G TX,

More information

Antennas and Propagation

Antennas and Propagation Mobile Networks Module D-1 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction 2. Propagation modes 3. Line-of-sight transmission 4. Fading Slides adapted from Stallings, Wireless Communications & Networks, Second

More information

Mobile and Wireless Networks Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali

Mobile and Wireless Networks Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali Mobile and Wireless Networks Course Instructor: Dr. Safdar Ali BOOKS Text Book: William Stallings, Wireless Communications and Networks, Pearson Hall, 2002. BOOKS Reference Books: Sumit Kasera, Nishit

More information

Lecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING. Radar Signal Processing Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti. Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti

Lecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING. Radar Signal Processing Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti. Dr. Aamer Iqbal Bhatti Lecture 6 SIGNAL PROCESSING Signal Reception Receiver Bandwidth Pulse Shape Power Relation Beam Width Pulse Repetition Frequency Antenna Gain Radar Cross Section of Target. Signal-to-noise ratio Receiver

More information

Noise Temperature. Concept of a Black Body

Noise Temperature. Concept of a Black Body Noise emperature In the last lecture, we introduced the Link Equation, which allows us to determine the amount of received power in terms of the transmitted power, the gains of the transmitting and receiving

More information

MICROWAVE RADIO SYSTEMS GAIN. PENTel.Com Engr. Josephine Bagay, Ece faculty

MICROWAVE RADIO SYSTEMS GAIN. PENTel.Com Engr. Josephine Bagay, Ece faculty MICROWAVE RADIO SYSTEMS GAIN PENTel.Com Engr. Josephine Bagay, Ece faculty SYSTEM GAIN G s is the difference between the nominal output power of a transmitter (P t ) and the minimum input power to a receiver

More information

The Use of Radio Spectrum. Welcome to. Where is radio used? Compare: Basic Wireless Communication Technique ETIF05. Göran Jönsson

The Use of Radio Spectrum. Welcome to. Where is radio used? Compare: Basic Wireless Communication Technique ETIF05. Göran Jönsson Welcome to Basic Wireless Communication Technique The Use of adio Spectrum ETIF05 EIT 2016-08-29 Göran Jönsson Electrical and Information Technology EIT 2016-08-29 Basic Wireless Communication Technique

More information

Satellite Link Budget 6/10/5244-1

Satellite Link Budget 6/10/5244-1 Satellite Link Budget 6/10/5244-1 Link Budgets This will provide an overview of the information that is required to perform a link budget and their impact on the Communication link Link Budget tool Has

More information

Übungen zu Drahtlose Kommunikation

Übungen zu Drahtlose Kommunikation Übungen zu Drahtlose Kommunikation Wintersemester 2016/2017 Prof. Hannes Frey / Dr. Jovan Radak Assignment 1 voluntary submission until Wednesday 2016-11-23 as PDF via mail to vnuml@uni-koblenz.de Name

More information

ECE 630: Statistical Communication Theory

ECE 630: Statistical Communication Theory ECE 630: Statistical Communication Theory Dr. B.-P. Paris Dept. Electrical and Comp. Engineering George Mason University Last updated: January 23, 2018 2018, B.-P. Paris ECE 630: Statistical Communication

More information

TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 8: RX Nonlinearity Issues, Demodulation. Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY

TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 8: RX Nonlinearity Issues, Demodulation. Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 8: RX Nonlinearity Issues, Demodulation Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY RX Nonlinearity Issues: 2.2, 2.4 Demodulation: not in the book 2 RX nonlinearities System Nonlinearity

More information

Exploiting Link Dynamics in LEO-to-Ground Communications

Exploiting Link Dynamics in LEO-to-Ground Communications SSC09-V-1 Exploiting Link Dynamics in LEO-to-Ground Communications Joseph Palmer Los Alamos National Laboratory MS D440 P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87544; (505) 665-8657 jmp@lanl.gov Michael Caffrey

More information

1. COMMUNICATION 10. COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS GIST The sending and receiving of message from one place to another is called communication. Two important forms of communication systems are (i) Analog and (ii)

More information

Cell Extender Antenna System Design Guide Lines

Cell Extender Antenna System Design Guide Lines Cell Extender Antenna System Design Guide Lines 1. General The design of an Antenna system for a Cell Extender site needs to take into account the following specific factors: a) The systems input and output

More information

TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 8: RX Nonlinearity Issues, Demodulation. Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY

TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 8: RX Nonlinearity Issues, Demodulation. Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY TSEK02: Radio Electronics Lecture 8: RX Nonlinearity Issues, Demodulation Ted Johansson, EKS, ISY 2 RX Nonlinearity Issues, Demodulation RX nonlinearities (parts of 2.2) System Nonlinearity Sensitivity

More information

Modern radio techniques

Modern radio techniques Modern radio techniques for probing the ionosphere Receiver, radar, advanced ionospheric sounder, and related techniques Cesidio Bianchi INGV - Roma Italy Ionospheric properties related to radio waves

More information

Satellite System Parameters

Satellite System Parameters Satellite System Parameters Lecture 3 MUHAMAD ASVIAL Center for Information and Communication Engineering Research (CICER) Electrical Engineering Department, University of Indonesia Kampus UI Depok, 16424,

More information

GPS receivers built for various

GPS receivers built for various GNSS Solutions: Measuring GNSS Signal Strength angelo joseph GNSS Solutions is a regular column featuring questions and answers about technical aspects of GNSS. Readers are invited to send their questions

More information

(650536) Prerequisite: Digital Communications (610533) Instructor: Dr. Abdel-Rahman Al-Qawasmi

(650536) Prerequisite: Digital Communications (610533) Instructor: Dr. Abdel-Rahman Al-Qawasmi Communications & Electronics Engineering Dept. Part 6 Satellite Communications Communication Networks (650536) Prerequisite: Digital Communications (610533) Instructor: Dr. Abdel-Rahman Al-Qawasmi Text

More information

Methodology for Analysis of LMR Antenna Systems

Methodology for Analysis of LMR Antenna Systems Methodology for Analysis of LMR Antenna Systems Steve Ellingson June 30, 2010 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 System Model 2 2.1 Receive System Model................................... 2 2.2 Calculation of

More information

Satellite Signals and Communications Principles. Dr. Ugur GUVEN Aerospace Engineer (P.hD)

Satellite Signals and Communications Principles. Dr. Ugur GUVEN Aerospace Engineer (P.hD) Satellite Signals and Communications Principles Dr. Ugur GUVEN Aerospace Engineer (P.hD) Principle of Satellite Signals In essence, satellite signals are electromagnetic waves that travel from the satellite

More information

Contents. ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications. Transmission Media and Spectrum.

Contents. ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications. Transmission Media and Spectrum. 2 ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015

More information

ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications

ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications ITS323: Introduction to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015

More information

The VK3UM Radiation and System Performance Calculator

The VK3UM Radiation and System Performance Calculator The VK3UM Radiation and System Performance Calculator 1. Disclaimer... 2 2. Background... 2 3. Calculations... 2 4. Features... 2 5. Default Parameters... 3 6. Parameter Description... 4 7. On Axis Exclusion

More information

HY448 Sample Problems

HY448 Sample Problems HY448 Sample Problems 10 November 2014 These sample problems include the material in the lectures and the guided lab exercises. 1 Part 1 1.1 Combining logarithmic quantities A carrier signal with power

More information

Data and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media

Data and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media Data and Computer Communications Chapter 4 Transmission Media Ninth Edition by William Stallings Data and Computer Communications, Ninth Edition by William Stallings, (c) Pearson Education - Prentice Hall,

More information

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA COMM.ENG INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA 9/9/2017 LECTURES 1 Objectives To give a background on Communication system components and channels (media) A distinction between analogue

More information

CHAPTER 6 THE WIRELESS CHANNEL

CHAPTER 6 THE WIRELESS CHANNEL CHAPTER 6 THE WIRELESS CHANNEL These slides are made available to faculty in PowerPoint form. Slides can be freely added, modified, and deleted to suit student needs. They represent substantial work on

More information

THE BASICS OF RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN

THE BASICS OF RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN THE BASICS OF RADIO SYSTEM DESIGN Mark Hunter * Abstract This paper is intended to give an overview of the design of radio transceivers to the engineer new to the field. It is shown how the requirements

More information

The Radio Channel. COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson. [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P.

The Radio Channel. COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson. [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P. The Radio Channel COS 463: Wireless Networks Lecture 14 Kyle Jamieson [Parts adapted from I. Darwazeh, A. Goldsmith, T. Rappaport, P. Steenkiste] Motivation The radio channel is what limits most radio

More information

Noise Figure: What is it and why does it matter?

Noise Figure: What is it and why does it matter? Noise Figure: What is it and why does it matter? White Paper Noise Figure: What is it and why does it matter? Introduction Noise figure is one of the key parameters for quantifying receiver performance,

More information

DDPP 2163 Propagation Systems. Satellite Communication

DDPP 2163 Propagation Systems. Satellite Communication DDPP 2163 Propagation Systems Satellite Communication 1 Satellite Two far apart stations can use a satellite as a relay station for their communication It is possible because the earth is a sphere. Radio

More information

System Noise Power 1

System Noise Power 1 System Noise Power 1 System Noise Power 1 Performance of system is determined by C/N ratio. Most systems require C/N > 10 db. (Remember, in dbs: C N > 10 db) Hence usually: C > N + 10 db We need to know

More information

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS NCERT

COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS NCERT Exemplar Problems Physics Chapter Fifteen COMMUNCATON SYSTEMS MCQ 151 Three waves A, B and C of frequencies 1600 khz, 5 MHz and 60 MHz, respectively are to be transmitted from one place to another Which

More information

Noise and Distortion in Microwave System

Noise and Distortion in Microwave System Noise and Distortion in Microwave System Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu EMC Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University 1 Introduction Noise is a random process from many sources: thermal,

More information

Receiver Design. Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu EMC Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University 2011/2/21

Receiver Design. Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu EMC Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University 2011/2/21 Receiver Design Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu EMC Laboratory Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University 2011/2/21 MW & RF Design / Prof. T. -L. Wu 1 The receiver mush be very sensitive to -110dBm

More information

Week 2. Topics in Wireless Systems EE584-F 03 9/9/2003. Copyright 2003 Stevens Institute of Technology - All rights reserved

Week 2. Topics in Wireless Systems EE584-F 03 9/9/2003. Copyright 2003 Stevens Institute of Technology - All rights reserved Week Topics in Wireless Systems 43 0 th Generation Wireless Systems Mobile Telephone Service Few, high-power, long-range basestations -> No sharing of spectrum -> few users -> expensive 44 Cellular Systems

More information

CHAPTER -15. Communication Systems

CHAPTER -15. Communication Systems CHAPTER -15 Communication Systems COMMUNICATION Communication is the act of transmission and reception of information. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM: A system comprises of transmitter, communication channel and

More information

Chapter-15. Communication systems -1 mark Questions

Chapter-15. Communication systems -1 mark Questions Chapter-15 Communication systems -1 mark Questions 1) What are the three main units of a Communication System? 2) What is meant by Bandwidth of transmission? 3) What is a transducer? Give an example. 4)

More information

The need for Tower Mounted Amplifiers

The need for Tower Mounted Amplifiers The need for Tower Mounted Amplifiers João Moreira Rebelo and Nuno Borges Carvalho a15853@alunos.det.ua.pt and nborges@ieee.org Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal Introduction

More information

Session2 Antennas and Propagation

Session2 Antennas and Propagation Wireless Communication Presented by Dr. Mahmoud Daneshvar Session2 Antennas and Propagation 1. Introduction Types of Anttenas Free space Propagation 2. Propagation modes 3. Transmission Problems 4. Fading

More information

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Computer Engineering Dept COE 543 Mobile and Wireless Networks Term 0 Dr. Ashraf S. Hasan Mahmoud Rm -148-3 Ext. 174 Email: ashraf@ccse.kfupm.edu.sa 4//003

More information

Adapted from Dr. Joe Montana (George mason University) Dr. James

Adapted from Dr. Joe Montana (George mason University) Dr. James ink Budget Adapted from Dr. Joe Montana (George mason University) Dr. James W. apean course notes Dr. Jeremy Allnutt course notes And some internet resources + Tim Pratt book 1 ink Power Budget Tx EIRP

More information

Radio Propagation Fundamentals

Radio Propagation Fundamentals Radio Propagation Fundamentals Concept of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Mechanisms Modes of Propagation Propagation Models Path Profiles Link Budget Fading Channels Electromagnetic (EM) Waves EM Wave

More information

Spacecraft Communications

Spacecraft Communications Antennas Orbits Modulation Noise Link Budgets 1 2012 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu The Problem Pointing Loss Polarization Loss Atmospheric Loss, Rain Loss Space Loss

More information

ITU/ITSO Workshop on Satellite Communications, AFRALTI, Nairobi Kenya, 8-12, August, Link Budget Analysis

ITU/ITSO Workshop on Satellite Communications, AFRALTI, Nairobi Kenya, 8-12, August, Link Budget Analysis ITU/ITSO Workshop on Satellite Communications, AFRALTI, Nairobi Kenya, 8-12, August, 2016 Link Budget Analysis Presenter: E. Kasule Musisi ITSO Consultant Email: kasule@datafundi.com Cell: +256 772 783

More information

Assignment-III and Its Solution

Assignment-III and Its Solution Assignment-III and Its Solution 1. For a 4.0 GHz downlink link, if satellite TWTA power output is 10 dbw, on axis antenna gain is 34 db and Feeder loss is 1 db then the satellite EIRP on earth at 3 db

More information

Module 8 Theory. dbs AM Detector Ring Modulator Receiver Chain. Functional Blocks Parameters. IRTS Region 4

Module 8 Theory. dbs AM Detector Ring Modulator Receiver Chain. Functional Blocks Parameters. IRTS Region 4 Module 8 Theory dbs AM Detector Ring Modulator Receiver Chain Functional Blocks Parameters Decibel (db) The term db or decibel is a relative unit of measurement used frequently in electronic communications

More information

RF Design Final Spring 2005

RF Design Final Spring 2005 RF Design Final Spring 2005 Name: LAST 4 NUMBERS in Student Number: Do NOT begin until told to do so Make sure that you have all pages before starting Open notes, NO CELL PHONES/WIRELESS DEVICES DO ALL

More information

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.1512

RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.1512 Rec. ITU-R S.151 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.151 Measurement procedure for determining non-geostationary satellite orbit satellite equivalent isotropically radiated power and antenna discrimination The ITU

More information

Study of Factors which affect the Calculation of Co- Channel Interference in a Radio Link

Study of Factors which affect the Calculation of Co- Channel Interference in a Radio Link International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174 Volume 8, Number 2 (2015), pp. 103-111 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Study of Factors which

More information

ELEN 701 RF & Microwave Systems Engineering. Lecture 2 September 27, 2006 Dr. Michael Thorburn Santa Clara University

ELEN 701 RF & Microwave Systems Engineering. Lecture 2 September 27, 2006 Dr. Michael Thorburn Santa Clara University ELEN 701 RF & Microwave Systems Engineering Lecture 2 September 27, 2006 Dr. Michael Thorburn Santa Clara University Lecture 2 Radio Architecture and Design Considerations, Part I Architecture Superheterodyne

More information

Satellite Link Design: A Tutorial

Satellite Link Design: A Tutorial International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 04 1 Satellite Link Design: A Tutorial Aderemi A. Atayero, Matthew K. Luka and Adeyemi A. Alatishe Abstract The communication

More information

Satellite Link Budget Calculator by Using Matlab/GUI

Satellite Link Budget Calculator by Using Matlab/GUI A Special Issue for 2nd International Conference of Cihan University-Erbil on Communication Engineering & Computer Sciences (CIC-COCOS 17), March 29-30, 2017 Satellite Link Budget Calculator by Using Matlab/GUI

More information

ECE 6390: Satellite Communications and Navigation Systems TEST 1 (Fall 2004)

ECE 6390: Satellite Communications and Navigation Systems TEST 1 (Fall 2004) Name: GTID: ECE 6390: Satellite Communications and Navigation Systems TEST 1 (Fall 2004) Please read all instructions before continuing with the test. This is a closed notes, closed book, closed friend,

More information

RECEIVER SENSITIVITY / NOISE

RECEIVER SENSITIVITY / NOISE RECEIVER SENSITIVITY / NOISE RECEIVER SENSITIVITY Sensitivity in a receiver is normally taken as the imum input signal (S ) required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal-to-noise

More information

Wireless Communication System

Wireless Communication System Wireless Communication System Generic Block Diagram An t PC An r Source Tx Rx Destination P t G t L p G r P r Source a source of information to be transmitted Destination a destination of the transmitted

More information

Passive Wireless Sensors

Passive Wireless Sensors Passive Wireless Sensors Sandia National Laboratories Robert Brocato 505-844-2714 rwbroca@sandia.gov RF Tags RF tags are everywhere now. Most passive tags are for ID only. Most passive tags are short range

More information

Measurement of Digital Transmission Systems Operating under Section March 23, 2005

Measurement of Digital Transmission Systems Operating under Section March 23, 2005 Measurement of Digital Transmission Systems Operating under Section 15.247 March 23, 2005 Section 15.403(f) Digital Modulation Digital modulation is required for Digital Transmission Systems (DTS). Digital

More information

NOISE, INTERFERENCE, & DATA RATES

NOISE, INTERFERENCE, & DATA RATES COMP 635: WIRELESS NETWORKS NOISE, INTERFERENCE, & DATA RATES Jasleen Kaur Fall 2015 1 Power Terminology db Power expressed relative to reference level (P 0 ) = 10 log 10 (P signal / P 0 ) J : Can conveniently

More information

IC-R8500 Test Report. By Adam Farson VA7OJ/AB4OJ

IC-R8500 Test Report. By Adam Farson VA7OJ/AB4OJ IC-R8500 Test Report By Adam Farson VA7OJ/AB4OJ Iss. 1, Dec. 14, 2015. Figure 1: The Icom IC-R8500. Introduction: This report presents results of an RF lab test suite performed on the IC- R8500 receiver.

More information

RF/IF Terminology and Specs

RF/IF Terminology and Specs RF/IF Terminology and Specs Contributors: Brad Brannon John Greichen Leo McHugh Eamon Nash Eberhard Brunner 1 Terminology LNA - Low-Noise Amplifier. A specialized amplifier to boost the very small received

More information

Earth Station and Flyaway

Earth Station and Flyaway 2012 Page 1 3/27/2012 DEFINITIONS Earth Station- Terrestrial terminal designed for extra planetary telecommunication Satellite- Artificial Satellite is an object placed in an specific orbit to receive

More information

Satellite TVRO G/T calculations

Satellite TVRO G/T calculations Satellite TVRO G/T calculations From: http://aa.1asphost.com/tonyart/tonyt/applets/tvro/tvro.html Introduction In order to understand the G/T calculations, we must start with some basics. A good starting

More information

R&D White Paper WHP 066. Specifying UHF active antennas and calculating system performance. Research & Development BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION

R&D White Paper WHP 066. Specifying UHF active antennas and calculating system performance. Research & Development BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION R&D White Paper WHP 066 July 2003 Specifying UHF active antennas and calculating system performance J. Salter Research & Development BRITISH BROADCASTING CORPORATION BBC Research & Development White Paper

More information

RF System Aspects for SDR. A Tutorial. Dr. Ruediger Leschhorn, Rohde & Schwarz 29. November 2011

RF System Aspects for SDR. A Tutorial. Dr. Ruediger Leschhorn, Rohde & Schwarz 29. November 2011 RF System Aspects for SDR A Tutorial Dr. Ruediger Leschhorn, Rohde & Schwarz 29. November 2011 Content Radio System Some Basics Link Budget Cosite Examples Desensitization Blocking, Transmitter Noise,

More information

Introduction to wireless systems

Introduction to wireless systems Introduction to wireless systems Wireless Systems a.a. 2014/2015 Un. of Rome La Sapienza Chiara Petrioli Department of Computer Science University of Rome Sapienza Italy Background- Wireless Systems What

More information

J/K). Nikolova

J/K). Nikolova Lecture 7: ntenna Noise Temperature and System Signal-to-Noise Ratio (Noise temperature. ntenna noise temperature. System noise temperature. Minimum detectable temperature. System signal-to-noise ratio.)

More information

Chapter 1: Telecommunication Fundamentals

Chapter 1: Telecommunication Fundamentals Chapter 1: Telecommunication Fundamentals Block Diagram of a communication system Noise n(t) m(t) Information (base-band signal) Signal Processing Carrier Circuits s(t) Transmission Medium r(t) Signal

More information

Revision of Lecture One

Revision of Lecture One Revision of Lecture One System blocks and basic concepts Multiple access, MIMO, space-time Transceiver Wireless Channel Signal/System: Bandpass (Passband) Baseband Baseband complex envelope Linear system:

More information

Outline / Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing. Cartoon View 1 A Wave of Energy

Outline / Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing. Cartoon View 1 A Wave of Energy Outline 18-452/18-750 Wireless Networks and Applications Lecture 3: Physical Layer Signals, Modulation, Multiplexing Peter Steenkiste Carnegie Mellon University Spring Semester 2017 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/wirelesss17/

More information

Link Budget Calculation

Link Budget Calculation Link Budget Calculation Training materials for wireless trainers This 60 minute talk is about estimating wireless link performance by using link budget calculations. It also introduces the Radio Mobile

More information

High Speed Data Downlink for NSF Space Weather CubeSats

High Speed Data Downlink for NSF Space Weather CubeSats High Speed Data Downlink for NSF Space Weather CubeSats National Science Foundation Meeting Monday August 31, 2009 Charles Swenson Satellite Data Flow Onboard Instruments R collected Spacecraft Memory

More information

FIGURE 14-1 (a) Focal points F1 and F2, semimajor axis a, and semiminor b of an ellipse; (b) Kepler s second law

FIGURE 14-1 (a) Focal points F1 and F2, semimajor axis a, and semiminor b of an ellipse; (b) Kepler s second law FIGURE 14-1 (a) Focal points F1 and F2, semimajor axis a, and semiminor b of an ellipse; (b) Kepler s second law FIGURE 14-2 Satellite orbits: (a) circular; (b) elliptical FIGURE 14-3 Satellite orbital

More information

6.976 High Speed Communication Circuits and Systems Lecture 20 Performance Measures of Wireless Communication

6.976 High Speed Communication Circuits and Systems Lecture 20 Performance Measures of Wireless Communication 6.976 High Speed Communication Circuits and Systems Lecture 20 Performance Measures of Wireless Communication Michael Perrott Massachusetts Institute of Technology Copyright 2003 by Michael H. Perrott

More information

Announcement : Wireless Networks Lecture 3: Physical Layer. A Reminder about Prerequisites. Outline. Page 1

Announcement : Wireless Networks Lecture 3: Physical Layer. A Reminder about Prerequisites. Outline. Page 1 Announcement 18-759: Wireless Networks Lecture 3: Physical Layer Peter Steenkiste Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Computer Engineering Spring Semester 2010 http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/wirelesss10/

More information