Features. MIC5219-x.xBML. Ultra-Low-Noise Regulator

Transcription

1 MIC519 5mA-Peak Output LDO Regulator General Description The MIC519 is an effi cient linear voltage regulator with high peak output current capability, very-low-dropout voltage, and better than 1% output voltage accuracy. Dropout is typically 1mV at light loads and less than 5mV at full load. The MIC519 is designed to provide a peak output current for start-up conditions where higher inrush current is demanded. It features a 5mA peak output rating. Continuous output current is limited only by package and layout. The MIC519 can be enabled or shut down by a CMOS or TTL compatible signal. When disabled, power consumption drops nearly to zero. Dropout ground current is minimized to help prolong battery life. Other key features include reversedbattery protection, current limiting, overtemperature shutdown, and low noise performance with an ultra-low-noise option. The MIC519 is available in adjustable or fixed output voltages in the space-saving -pin (mm mm) MLF, SOT-3-5 and MM -pin power MSOP packages. For higher power requirements see the MIC59 or MIC537. All support documentation can be found on s web site at Features 5mA output current capability SOT-3-5 package - 5mA peak mm mm MLF package - 5mA continuous MSOP- package - 5mA continuous Low 5mV maximum dropout voltage at full load Extremely tight load and line regulation Tiny SOT-3-5 and MM power MSOP- package Ultra-low-noise output Low temperature coeffi cient Current and thermal limiting Reversed-battery protection CMOS/TTL-compatible enable/shutdown control Near-zero shutdown current Applications Laptop, notebook, and palmtop computers Cellular telephones and battery-powered equipment Consumer and personal electronics PC Card V CC and V PP regulation and switching SMPS post-regulator/dc-to-dc modules High-effi ciency linear power supplies Typical Applications ENABLE SHUTDOWN V V V 5V.µF tantalum MIC519-5.BMM pF ENABLE SHUTDOWN V V MIC BM pF V 3.3V.µF tantalum 5V Ultra-Low-Noise Regulator 3.3V Ultra-Low-Noise Regulator ENABLE SHUTDOWN V MIC519-x.xBML EN 1 C BYP 5 (optional) C V 3 Ultra-Low-Noise Regulator MM is a trademark of, Inc. MicroLeadFrame and MLF are trademarks of Amkor Technology., Inc. 1 Fortune Drive San Jose, CA USA tel + 1 () 9- fax + 1 () January 5 1 M

2 MIC519 Ordering Information Part Number Marking Standard Pb-Free Standard Pb-Free Volts Temp. Range Package MIC519-.5BMM MIC519-.5YMM.5V C to +15 C MSOP- MIC519-.5BMM MIC519-.5YMM.5V C to +15 C MSOP- MIC519-3.BMM MIC519-3.YMM 3.V C to +15 C MSOP- MIC BMM MIC YMM 3.3V C to +15 C MSOP- MIC519-3.BMM MIC519-3.YMM 3.V C to +15 C MSOP- MIC519-5.BMM MIC519-5.YMM 5.V C to +15 C MSOP- MIC519BMM MIC519YMM Adj. C to +15 C MSOP- MIC519-.5BM5 MIC519-.5YM5 LG5 LG5.5V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519-.BM5 MIC519-.YM5 LG LG.V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519-.7BM5 MIC519-.7YM5 LG7 LG7.7V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519-.BM5 MIC519-.YM5 LG LG.V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519-.BML MIC519-.YML G G.V C to +15 C -Pin MLF MIC519-.5BM5 MIC519-.5YM5 LGJ LGJ.5V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519-.9BM5 MIC519-.9YM5 LG9 LG9.9V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC BM5 MIC YM5 LG31 LG31 3.1V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519-3.BM5 MIC519-3.YM5 LG3 LG3 3.V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519-3.BML MIC519-3.YML G3 G3 3.V C to +15 C -Pin MLF MIC BM5 MIC YM5 LG33 LG33 3.3V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC BML MIC YML G33 G33 3.3V C to +15 C -Pin MLF MIC519-3.BM5 MIC519-3.YM5 LG3 LG3 3.V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519-5.BM5 MIC519-5.YM5 LG5 LG5 5.V C to +15 C SOT-3-5 MIC519BM5 MIC519YM5 LGAA LGAA Adj. C to +15 C SOT-3-5 Other voltages available. Consult for details. Pin Configuration EN EN 1 BYP 5 NC EN 3 1 LGxx ADJ B Y P MIC519-x.xBMM MM MSOP- Fixed Voltages (Top View) MIC519-x.xBML -Pin mm mm MLF (ML) (Top View) MIC519-x.xBM5 SOT-3-5 Fixed Voltages (Top View) EN EN 3 1 LGAA Part Identification B Y P 5 5 ADJ MIC519YMM MIC519BMM MM MSOP- Adjustable Voltage MIC519BM5 SOT-3-5 Adjustable Voltage (Top View) M January 5

3 MIC519 Pin Description Pin No. Pin No. Pin No. Pin Name Pin Function MLF - MSOP- SOT Supply Input. 5 Ground: MSOP- pins 5 through are internally connected. 3 5 Regulator Output EN Enable (Input): CMOS compatible control input. Logic high = enable; logic low or open = shutdown. (fi xed) (fi xed) BYP Reference Bypass: Connect external 7pF capacitor to to reduce output noise. May be left open. 5(NC) (adj.) (adj.) ADJ Adjust (Input): Feedback input. Connect to resistive voltage-divider network. EP Ground: Internally connected to the exposed pad. Connect externally to pin. January 5 3 M

4 MIC519 Absolute Maximum Ratings (1) Supply Input Voltage (V )... V to +V Power Dissipation (P D )... Internally Limited Junction Temperature (T J )... C to +15 C Storage Temperature (T S )... 5 C to +15 C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 5 sec.)... C Operating Ratings () Supply Input Voltage (V ) V to +1V Enable Input Voltage (V EN )...V to V Junction Temperature (T J )... C to +15 C Package Thermal Resistance... see Table 1 Electrical Characteristics (3) V = V + 1.V; C =.7µF, I = 1µA; T J = 5 C, bold values indicate C T J +15 C; unless noted. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typical Max Units V Output Voltage Accuracy variation from nominal V 1 1 % % ΔV /ΔT Output Voltage Note ppm/ C Temperature Coeffi cient ΔV /V Line Regulation V = V + 1V to 1V.9.5 %/V.1 ΔV /V Load Regulation I = 1µA to 5mA, Note %.7 V V Dropout Voltage () I = 1µA 1 mv I = 5mA mv 5 I = 15mA mv I = 5mA 35 5 mv I Ground Pin Current (7, ) V EN 3.V, I = 1µA 13 µa 17 V EN 3.V, I = 5mA 35 5 µa 9 V EN 3.V, I = 15mA 1..5 ma 3. V EN 3.V, I = 5mA 1 ma 5 Ground Pin Quiescent Current () V EN.V.5 3 µa V EN.1V.1 µa PSRR Ripple Rejection f = 1Hz 75 db I LIMIT Current Limit V = V 7 1 ma ΔV /ΔP D Thermal Regulation Note 9.5 %/W e no Output Noise (1) I = 5mA, C =.µf, C BYP = 5 nv/ Hz nv/ Hz ENABLE Input I = 5mA, C =.µf, C BYP = 7pF 3 V ENL Enable Input Logic-Low Voltage V EN = logic low (regulator shutdown). V.1 V EN = logic high (regulator enabled). V I ENL Enable Input Current VENL.V.1 1 µa V ENL.1V.1 µa I ENH V ENH =.V 5 µa 5 µa V ENH = 1V 3 µa 5 µa M January 5

5 MIC519 Notes: 1. Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the component may occur. Electrical specifi cations do not apply when operating the device outside of its operating ratings. The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, T J (max), the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θ JA, and the ambient temperature, T A. The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using: P D (max) = (T J (max) T A ) θ JA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will result in excessive die temperature, and the regulator will go into thermal shutdown. See Table 1 and the Thermal Considerations section for details.. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. Specifi cation for packaged product only.. Output voltage temperature coeffi cient is defi ned as the worst case voltage change divided by the total temperature range. 5. Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature using low duty cycle pulse testing. Parts are tested for load regulation in the load range from 1µA to 5mA. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects are covered by the thermal regulation specifi cation.. Dropout voltage is defi ned as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops % below its nominal value measured at 1V differential. 7. Ground pin current is the regulator quiescent current plus pass transistor base current. The total current drawn from the supply is the sum of the load current plus the ground pin current.. V EN is the voltage externally applied to devices with the EN (enable) input pin. 9. Thermal regulation is defi ned as the change in output voltage at a time t after a change in power dissipation is applied, excluding load or line regulation effects. Specifi cations are for a 5mA load pulse at V = 1V for t = 1ms. 1. C BYP is an optional, external bypass capacitor connected to devices with a BYP (bypass) or ADJ (adjust) pin. January 5 5 M

6 MIC519 Typical Characteristics - Power Supply Rejection Ratio V = V V = 5V - Power Supply Rejection Ratio V = V V = 5V - Power Supply Rejection Ratio V = V V = 5V I = 1µA C = 1µF -1 1E+1 1 1E+ 1 1E+3 1k 1E+ 1k 1E+5 1k 1E+ 1M 1E+7 1M - I = 1mA C = 1µF -1 1E+1 1 1E+ 1 1E+3 1k 1E+ 1k 1E+5 1k 1E+ 1M 1E+7 1M - I = 1mA C = 1µF -1 1E+1 1 1E+ 1 1E+3 1k 1E+ 1k 1E+5 1k 1E+ 1M 1E+7 1M - Power Supply Rejection Ratio V = V V = 5V - Power Supply Rejection Ratio V = V V = 5V I = 1µA - C =.µf C BYP =.1µF -1 1E+1 1 1E+ 1 1E+3 1k 1E+ 1k 1E+5 1k 1E+ 1M 1E+7 1M - - I = 1mA C =.µf C BYP =.1µF -1 1E+1 1 1E+ 1 1E+3 1k 1E+ 1k 1E+5 1k 1E+ 1M 1E+7 1M Power Supply Ripple Rejection vs. Voltage Drop mA 1mA I = 1mA C = 1µF VOLTAGE DROP (V) Power Supply Ripple Rejection vs. Voltage Drop mA 1mA I = 1mA C =.µf C BYP =.1µF VOLTAGE DROP (V) Noise Performance 1 1mA, C = 1µF V = 5V.1 1E+1 1 1E+ 1 1E+3 1k 1E+ 1k 1E+5 1k 1E+ 1M 1E+7 1M 1 Noise Performance 1 Noise Performance Dropout Voltage vs. Output Current 1 1mA 1 1mA mA V = 5V 1mA.1 C = 1µF electrolytic.1 1E+1 1 1E+ 1 1E+3 1k 1E+ 1k 1E+5 1k 1E+ 1M 1E+7 1M V = 5V C = 1µF electrolytic C BYP = 1pF 1mA 1mA.1 1E+1 1 1E+ 1 1E+3 1k 1E+ 1k 1E+5 1k 1E+ 1M 1E+7 1M PUT CURRENT (ma) M January 5

7 MIC I L =1µA Dropout Characteristics I L =1mA I L =5mA PUT VOLTAGE (V) 1 1 Ground Current vs. Output Current PUT CURRENT (ma) Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage I L =5mA PUT VOLTAGE (V) 3. Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage I L =1 ma.5 I L =1µA PUT VOLTAGE (V) January 5 7 M

8 MIC519 Block Diagrams V B Y P C V C B Y P (optional) Bandgap VRef. R E F EN Current Limit Thermal Shutdown MIC519-x.xBM5/M Ultra-Low-Noise Fixed Regulator V R1 C V Bandgap VRef. R E F R C B Y P (optional) EN Current Limit Thermal Shutdown MIC519BM5/MM [adj.] Ultra-Low-Noise Adjustable Regulator M January 5

9 MIC519 Applications Information The MIC519 is designed for 15mA to ma output current applications where a high current spike (5mA) is needed for short, start-up conditions. Basic application of the device will be discussed initially followed by a more detailed discussion of higher current applications. Enable/Shutdown Forcing EN (enable/shutdown) high (>V) enables the regulator. EN is compatible with CMOS logic. If the enable/shutdown feature is not required, connect EN to (supply input). See Figure 5. Input Capacitor A 1µF capacitor should be placed from to if there is more than 1 inches of wire between the input and the AC fi lter capacitor or if a battery is used as the input. Output Capacitor An output capacitor is required between and to prevent oscillation. The minimum size of the output capacitor is dependent upon whether a reference bypass capacitor is used. 1µF minimum is recommended when C BYP is not used (see Figure 5)..µF minimum is recommended when C BYP is 7pF (see Figure ). For applications < 3V, the output capacitor should be increased to µf minimum to reduce start-up overshoot. Larger values improve the regulator s transient response. The output capacitor value may be increased without limit. The output capacitor should have an ESR (equivalent series resistance) of about 1Ω or less and a resonant frequency above 1MHz. Ultra-low-ESR capacitors could cause oscillation and/or underdamped transient response. Most tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors are adequate; fi lm types will work, but are more expensive. Many aluminum electrolytics have electrolytes that freeze at about 3 C, so solid tantalums are recommended for operation below 5 C. At lower values of output current, less output capacitance is needed for stability. The capacitor can be reduced to.7µf for current below 1mA, or.33µf for currents below 1mA. No-Load Stability The MIC519 will remain stable and in regulation with no load (other than the internal voltage divider) unlike many other voltage regulators. This is especially important in CMOS RAM keep-alive applications. Reference Bypass Capacitor BYP is connected to the internal voltage reference. A 7pF capacitor (C BYP ) connected from BYP to quiets this reference, providing a signifi cant reduction in output noise (ultra-low-noise performance). C BYP reduces the regulator phase margin; when using C BYP, output capacitors of.µf or greater are generally required to maintain stability. The start-up speed of the MIC519 is inversely proportional to the size of the reference bypass capacitor. Applications requiring a slow ramp-up of output voltage should consider larger values of C BYP. Likewise, if rapid turn-on is necessary, consider omitting C BYP. Thermal Considerations The MIC519 is designed to provide ma of continuous current in two very small profi le packages. Maximum power dissipation can be calculated based on the output current and the voltage drop across the part. To determine the maximum power dissipation of the package, use the thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient, of the device and the following basic equation. ( ) P D (max ) = T J (max ) T A θ JA T J (max) is the maximum junction temperature of the die, 15 C, and T is the ambient operating temperature. A θ JA is layout dependent; Table 1 shows examples of thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient, for the MIC519. Package θ JA Recommended Minimum Footprint θ JA 1" Square θ JC oz. Copper MM (MM) 1 C/W 7 C/W 3 C/W SOT-3-5 (M5) C/W 17 C/W 13 C/W MLF (ML) 9 C/W Table 1. MIC519 Thermal Resistance The actual power dissipation of the regulator circuit can be determined using one simple equation. P D = (V V ) I + V I Substituting P D (max) for P D and solving for the operating conditions that are critical to the application will give the maximum operating conditions for the regulator circuit. For example, if we are operating the MIC BM5 at room temperature, with a minimum footprint layout, we can determine the maximum input voltage for a set output current. ( 15 C 5 C) P D (max ) = C / W P D (max) = 55mW The thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient, for the minimum footprint is C/W, taken from Table 1. The maximum power dissipation number cannot be exceeded for proper operation of the device. Using the output voltage of 3.3V, and an output current of 15mA, we can determine the maximum input voltage. Ground current, maximum of 3mA for 15mA of output current, can be taken from the Electrical Characteristics section of the data sheet. 55mW = (V 3.3V) 15mA + V 3mA 55mW = (15mA) V + 3mA V 95mW 95mW = 153mA V V =.V MAX Therefore, a 3.3V application at 15mA of output current can accept a maximum input voltage of.v in a SOT-3-5 package. For a full discussion of heat sinking and thermal effects on voltage regulators, refer to the Regulator Thermals section of s Designing with Low-Dropout Voltage Regulators handbook. January 5 9 M

10 MIC519 Peak Current Applications The MIC519 is designed for applications where high start-up currents are demanded from space constrained regulators. This device will deliver 5mA start-up current from a SOT- 3-5 or MM package, allowing high power from a very low profile device. The MIC519 can subsequently provide output current that is only limited by the thermal characteristics of the device. You can obtain higher continuous currents from the device with the proper design. This is easily proved with some thermal calculations. If we look at a specifi c example, it may be easier to follow. The MIC519 can be used to provide up to 5mA continuous output current. First, calculate the maximum power dissipation of the device, as was done in the thermal considerations section. Worst case thermal resistance (θ JA = C/W for the MIC519-x.xBM5), will be used for this example. ( ) P D (max ) = T J(max ) T A θ JA Assuming a 5 C room temperature, we have a maximum power dissipation number of ( 15 C 5 C ) P D (max ) = C / W P D (max) = 55mW Then we can determine the maximum input voltage for a 5- volt regulator operating at 5mA, using worst case ground current. P D (max) = 55mW = (V V ) I + V I I = 5mA V = 5V I = ma 55mW = (V 5V) 5mA + V ma.995w = 5mA V V (max ) =.955W 5mA = 5.3V Therefore, to be able to obtain a constant 5mA output current from the BM5 at room temperature, you need extremely tight input-output voltage differential, barely above the maximum dropout voltage for that current rating. You can run the part from larger supply voltages if the proper precautions are taken. Varying the duty cycle using the enable pin can increase the power dissipation of the device by maintaining a lower average power fi gure. This is ideal for applications where high current is only needed in short bursts. Figure 1 shows the safe operating regions for the MIC519-x.xBM5 at three different ambient temperatures and at different output currents. The data used to determine this fi gure assumed a minimum footprint PCB design for minimum heat sinking. Figure incorporates the same factors as the fi rst fi gure, but assumes a much better heat sink. A 1" square copper trace on the PC board reduces the thermal resistance of the device. This improved thermal resistance improves power dissipation and allows for a larger safe operating region. Figures 3 and show safe operating regions for the MIC519- x.xbmm, the power MSOP package part. These graphs show three typical operating regions at different temperatures. The lower the temperature, the larger the operating region. The graphs were obtained in a similar way to the graphs for the MIC519-x.xBM5, taking all factors into consideration and using two different board layouts, minimum footprint and 1" square copper PC board heat sink. (For further discussion of PC board heat sink characteristics, refer to Application Hint 17, Designing PC Board Heat Sinks.) The information used to determine the safe operating regions can be obtained in a similar manner such as determining typical power dissipation, already discussed. Determining the maximum power dissipation based on the layout is the fi rst step, this is done in the same manner as in the previous two sections. Then, a larger power dissipation number multiplied by a set maximum duty cycle would give that maximum power dissipation number for the layout. This is best shown through an example. If the application calls for 5V at 5mA for short pulses, but the only supply voltage available is V, then the duty cycle has to be adjusted to determine an average power that does not exceed the maximum power dissipation for the layout. Avg.P D = 55mW = % DC 1 % DC 1 ( V V ) I + V I % Duty Cycle 55mW = 1 1.W.7 = % Duty Cycle 1 % Duty Cycle Max = 7.% ( V 5V ) 5mA + V ma With an output current of 5mA and a three-volt drop across the MIC519-xxBMM, the maximum duty cycle is 7.%. Applications also call for a set nominal current output with a greater amount of current needed for short durations. This is a tricky situation, but it is easily remedied. Calculate the average power dissipation for each current section, then add the two numbers giving the total power dissipation for the regulator. For example, if the regulator is operating normally at 5mA, but for 1.5% of the time it operates at 5mA output, the total power dissipation of the part can be easily determined. First, calculate the power dissipation of the device at 5mA. We will use the MIC BM5 with 5V input voltage as our example. P D 5mA = (5V 3.3V) 5mA + 5V 5µA P D 5mA = 173mW However, this is continuous power dissipation, the actual on-time for the device at 5mA is (1%-1.5%) or 7.5% of the time, or 7.5% duty cycle. Therefore, P D must be multiplied by the duty cycle to obtain the actual average power M January 5

11 MIC mA 1 1mA 1 1mA ma 5mA ma 3mA 1 ma 5mA ma 3mA 1 5mA 1 a. 5 C Ambient b. 5 C Ambient c. 5 C Ambient ma Figure 1. MIC519-x.xBM5 (SOT-3-5) on Minimum Recommended Footprint ma 3mA 1 ma ma 5mA 1mA 3mA 1 1 ma ma 5mA 1mA 3mA 1 1 ma 1 a. 5 C Ambient b. 5 C Ambient c. 5 C Ambient Figure. MIC519-x.xBM5 (SOT-3-5) on 1-inch Copper Cladding 5mA 1mA ma 3mA 1 1mA 1 1mA 1 1mA ma 5mA ma 3mA 1 ma 5mA ma 3mA 1 ma 5mA 1 a. 5 C Ambient b. 5 C Ambient c. 5 C Ambient Figure 3. MIC519-x.xBMM (MSOP-) on Minimum Recommended Footprint ma 3mA 1 ma 1 ma 1 1mA ma 3mA ma 3mA ma 3mA 5mA 1 5mA 1 ma 5mA 1 a. 5 C Ambient b. 5 C Ambient c. 5 C Ambient Figure. MIC519-x.xBMM (MSOP-) on 1-inch Copper Cladding January 5 11 M

12 MIC519 dissipation at 5mA. P D 5mA = mW P D 5mA = 151mW The power dissipation at 5mA must also be calculated. P D 5mA = (5V 3.3V) 5mA + 5V ma P D 5mA = 95mW This number must be multiplied by the duty cycle at which it would be operating, 1.5%. P D =.15 95mW P D = 119mW The total power dissipation of the device under these conditions is the sum of the two power dissipation fi gures. P D(total) = P D 5mA + P D 5mA P D(total) = 151mW + 119mW P D(total) = 7mW The total power dissipation of the regulator is less than the maximum power dissipation of the SOT-3-5 package at room temperature, on a minimum footprint board and therefore would operate properly. Multilayer boards with a ground plane, wide traces near the pads, and large supply-bus lines will have better thermal conductivity. For additional heat sink characteristics, please refer to Application Hint 17, Designing P.C. Board Heat Sinks, included in s Databook. For a full discussion of heat sinking and thermal effects on voltage regulators, refer to Regulator Thermals section of s Designing with Low- Dropout Voltage Regulators handbook. Fixed Regulator Circuits MIC519-x.x V EN B Y P V 1µF V MIC519-x.x EN B Y P 7pF V.µF Figure. Ultra-Low-Noise Fixed Voltage Regulator Figure includes the optional 7pF noise bypass capacitor between BYP and to reduce output noise. Note that the minimum value of C must be increased when the bypass capacitor is used. Adjustable Regulator Circuits MIC519 V EN ADJ R1 R V 1µF Figure 7. Low-Noise Adjustable Voltage Regulator Figure 7 shows the basic circuit for the MIC519 adjustable regulator. The output voltage is configured by selecting values for R1 and R using the following formula: V = 1.V R R1 + 1 Although ADJ is a high-impedance input, for best performance, R should not exceed 7kΩ. MIC519 V EN ADJ 7pF R1 R V.µF Figure 5. Low-Noise Fixed Voltage Regulator Figure 5 shows a basic MIC519-x.xBMX fi xed-voltage regulator circuit. A 1µF minimum output capacitor is required for basic fi xed-voltage applications. Figure. Ultra-Low-Noise Adjustable Application Figure includes the optional 7pF bypass capacitor from ADJ to to reduce output noise. M January 5

13 MIC519 Package Information -Pin MSOP (MM) SOT-3-5 (M5) January 5 13 M

14 MIC519 -Pin MLF (ML) MICREL, C. 1 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA USA TEL + 1 () 9- FAX + 1 () 7-1 WEB The information furnished by in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by for its use. reserves the right to change circuitry and specifi cations at any time without notifi cation to the customer. Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a signifi cant injury to the user. A Purchaser s use or sale of Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is at Purchaser s own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify for any damages resulting from such use or sale. 5, Incorporated. M January 5