Designing and Verifying Advanced Radar Systems within Complex Environment Scenarios

Transcription

1 Designing and Verifying Advanced Radar Systems within Complex Environment Scenarios Aik-Chun, NG Keysight Technologies Aerospace Defense Symposium 111 1

2 Design and Test Challenges Challenges: Signal complexity increasing and becoming more adaptive. Cross-domain (DSP-RF) architectures must be considered. Receiver processing algorithms are becoming more sophisticated, making design verification and test necessary during both development AND production. Incredibly complex operation environment scenarios must be considered, including: Moving Radar platforms with array antennas Moving targets in 3D volume Complex signaling environments Solution: SystemVue; a modeling and simulation platform that can optimize the performance of the entire Radar/EW system architecture. 2 2

3 Radar/EW System Platform Solution Typical Radar/EW application in SystemVue supports cross-domain, cosimulation with RF to include real-world environments, such as interference, target RCS, clutter, jamming, and STK link for flight test M93XX/M819X RF Circuits Interference STK Link EW DUT Signal Generation Radar Beamformer module module module Clutter Target Jamming RF Receiver Waveform Gen Detection Signal processor module M9392A/M9703 Measurements Signal Process Receiver down/cnv Imported Antenna Pattern from EM 3 3 3

4 Typical Radar Systems Supported Continuous Waveform (CW) Radar modeling and simulation Pulse Radar simulation Pulsed-Doppler (PD) Radar architectures for airborne and ground/sea environment applications Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Radar and wideband receivers Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) for raster imaging and mapping Stepped-Frequency Radar (SFR) for ground- and wall-penetrating applications Frequency Modulated Continuous-Wave (FMCW) Radar for automotive applications Phased-array and digital-array Radar for passive and active arrays MIMO Radar for increased range resolution and robustness Passive bi-static radar simulation Radar EW with environment scenarios 4 4

5 A Model-Based Approach to Radar System Design - RF&DSP mixed signal simulation technology - mixed different IP together (C++, Matlab, HDL, RF) - different level of model fidelity 5 5

6 How to model such Radar Scenario? TargetScatterLocation For radar signal processing simulation, echo generation is MUST. AntennaTx/Rx AntennaRx Tx Platform Rx Platform

7 Radar Scenario Simulation Framework θ Targets Φ Tx Moving Platform 1:N Moving Target With Multi-Scatters : 1:K Rx Moving Platform- 1:M 1. Platform Setup (Trajectory Layer) Tx Antenna Location- 1:N Rx Antenna Location- 1:M 2. Antenna Setup (Antenna Layer) Source Beamformer Moving Target Interference Clutter Jamming Beamformer Receiver Display/ Measurements 3. Data Flow Setup (signaling layer) 7 7

8 Trajectory Layer Setup Example: Airborne Radar TX(3)) 8 8

9 Antenna Layer Setup Output Target Position in Azimuth & Elevation with reference to Radar Position Target Azimuth Target Position Target Elevation Radar Position Antenna Model input BeamElevation BeamAzimuth output RADAR_Antenna_Tx TargetElevation TargetAzimuth 9 9 Radar Position x z θ Φ Target Position y R1 {RADAR_Antenna_Tx@RADAR Models RadarWorkMode=Tracking Pattern=UserDefinedPattern ThetaAngleStart= 0 AntennaPatternArray=(65341x1) [1; 1; 1] ThetaAngleEnd= 180 PhiAngleStart= 0 PhiAngleEnd= 360 AngleStep= 1 Aerospace TargetAzimuthAngle=0 & Defense TargetElevationAngle=0 Symposium BeamAzimuthAngle= BeamElevationAngle= Agilent 0 0 Technologies, Inc

10 Antenna Models Imported Antenna Pattern Circular Scan Supports two work modes: search and tracking Antenna Patterns Supported Supports many common antenna patterns (ie: uniform, Cosine, Parabolic, etc) Also supports user-defined patterns Antenna Scan Patterns Supported Circular, Bidirectional Sector scan, Unidirectional Sector scan, Bidirectional raster, and Unidirectional raster. Moving target scenario supported Raster Scan 10 10

11 Phased-Array Antenna Model

12 Signal Layer Design Challenges RF Circuits STK Link Support cosimulation of Signal Generation, DSP and RF processing, as well as EM Consider environmental conditions like: interference, target RCS, clutter, jamming, and STK link for flight test Signal Generation Radar Beamformer module module module module Interference Clutter Target Jamming Measurements Signal Process Receiver down/cnv Imported Antenna Pattern from EM 12 12

13 Models to Support the Radar/EW Signal Layer Basic Advanced Source CW Pulse, LFM, NLFM, FMCW, Binary DDS, UWB, SFR, SAR, Phased Array, MIMO Phase Coded (Barker), Poly Phase Coded (ZCCode, Frank), PolyTime, FSK HP, Arbitrary PRN RF Behavior Tx and Rx Front-end, PA, LNA, Filters DUC, DDC, ADC, DAC, Modules Antenna Antenna Tx and Rx Phased Array Antenna, Tx and Rx Environments Clutters, Jamming, Interference Moving Target, Multi Scattering RCS, STK-Link EW Detection, EP, ES, EA Receiver, DOA, Dynamic Signal Generation, DRFM Signal Processing Pulse Compression, Detection and Tracking, CFAR, MTI, MTD STAP, SF Processing, Beam forming, Adaptive Phased Array Receiving Measurements Waveform, Spectrum, Group Delay Imaging Display, Detection Rate, False Alarm Rate, Range & Velocity Estimation, Antenna Pattern 2D&3D Moving Platform Moving Platform Tx & Rx Systems CW Pulse, Pulse Doppler, UWB FMCW, SFR, SAR Phased Array MIMO 13 13

14 Radar/EW Sources Source Models Basic waveforms include CW Pulse, LFM, NLFM, FMCW, Binary Phase Coded (Barker), Poly Phase Coded (ZCCode, Frank), PolyTime, FSK, Arbitrary PRN SignalX: Generates radar signals coded with dynamic pulse offsets and jitter Supports random jamming Supports deceptions (e.g., RGPO and VGPO) Supports advanced systems for UWB, SAR, SFR, phased array and MIMO I LFM NLFM Barker Frank RGPO SignalX Jamming 14

15 Radar Basic Target Model Model target echo received by radar antenna Including RCS, Doppler, delay, attenuation, and propagation effects Fluctuating RCS types: Swirling 0, I, II, III, IV Echo: u(t 2R 0 /c) exp(j2π(f c +f d )t) exp(-j4πf c R 0 /c) A k σ u(t): Tx signal R 0 : target distance v: target radial velocity c: speed of light f c : carrier frequency Doppler frequency f d : 2 v f c / c k: free space propagation σ: RCS fluctuation A: attenuation besides free space propagation 10 15

16 Multi-Scattering Targets Now Supported Earth effect Atmospheric loss More RCS types System_Loss Ground reflection Polarization Dielectric effection Trajectory RADAR_TargetScatterLocation Multi-scatters Supported 16

17 Advanced Radar Measurements Supported Basic measurements: waveform, spectrum, and SNR. Advanced measurements: detection probability, false alarm probability Parameter estimation for range, velocity, acceleration Antenna pattern measurements 3D Plot in range Doppler plane Top View Side View 3D Plot 17 17

18 Using Template for Framework Setup for Whole Radar System Pd=100% 18 18

19 EW Challenge Issue Generate EW received Signals Radar3 Tx Radar2 Tx EW Rx Radar4 Tx Radar1 Tx EW receiver input is a combination of signals from different Radar or communication transmission stations Each signal component is with complex information for the location and speed of the stations, as well as time waveforms and the frequency bands of transmitted signals. Generating EW receiver test signal for monitoring multiple Radar and Communication Stations Radar Tx Station 3 Longtitude_r3 Latitude_r3 Hight_r3 Radar Tx Station 2 Longtitude_r2 Latitude_r2 Hight_r2 EW Rx Station Longtitude_ew Latitude_ew Hight_ew Radar Tx Station 4 Longtitude_r4 Latitude_r4 Hight_r4 Radar Tx Station 1 Longtitude_r1 Latitude_r1 Hight_r

20 SystemVue EW Solution EW Signals 20 20

21 Radar Receiver Algorithm Design for Maritime Radar Start from Airborne Template, modify parameters, change Rx array antenna Sigma Delta 21 Mono-pulse antenna 21

22 Example: Stepped-Frequency Radar (SFR) Design Choices 1. Regular Pulse Radar Resolution - Rs: Assuming T = 0.25 us, fo = 1/T, Rs = C/(2*fo) = 37.5 m If you want Rs = 0.58, then T = 3.9 ns 2. Step Frequency Radar: N = 64 With Freq Hopping, Time Division Rs= C/(2N*fo) = 0.58 m Rs Higher Cost relatively lower and SCR Higher Frequency fo fo fo fo fo Frequency Conventional Pulsed Doppler Radar τ Δ f f 0 f 1 f 2 Tp NT Stepped- Frequency Radar f N - 1 f N - 2 f 0 f 1 Time Time Challenges Higher resolution Lower cost Two targets (range=10 meters) x SFR (2 detected) Pulsed (1 failed detect) 22 22

23 Example: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) SAR echo generator Challenges Higher resolution imaging RADAR_SAR_Echo R1 Models} SAR_Mode=Stripmap SlantRange_ZeroDopplerPlane=7500M Radar_Velocity=200 [Vr] Antenna_Aperture=1M [La] Pulse_Width=6.033e-6s [Tr] LFM_Rate=4e+12 [Kr] Carrier_Frequency=10e+9Hz Squint_Angle=0 [theta_sq_c] Range_SamplingRate=30e+6Hz PRF=600Hz [Fa] Duration=1.5s [Duration] HalfTargetAreaWidth=200M EchoGenerate_Mode=Point_Target TargetInfo=(1x15) [0,0,2,0,-0.3,1,0,0.3 SAR system simulation in X-band with 10-GHz center frequency, MHz bandwidth and ms PRI

24 Extending Design to Testing Create EW System Test signals to emulate the Scenario SFR PDR OFDM FSK EDGE SBPSK LFM1 LFM

25 Summary Designing and testing Radar/EW systems is challenging The SystemVue platform simplifies the design and test of Radar/EW systems, while offering a number of key benefits, including: Ability to generate complex waveforms for transmitters, receivers and EW system test Radar/EW environments including clutter, interference, and jamming/deception Provides advanced measurements for system performance evaluation Strong integration capability Allows customization and flexibility; easy-to-use SystemVue Templates for quick and easy modeling

26 Questions?

27 References 1. I. Skolnik, Radar Handbook, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill, Inc., D. Curtis Schleher, MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar, Artech House, Inc., Dingqing Lu and Kong Yao "Importance Sampling Simulation Techniques Applied to Estimating False Alarm Probabilities," Proc. IEEE ISCAS, 1989, pp Dingqing Lu, Quasi-Analytical Method For Estimating low False Alarm Rate, EuRAD2010, 16-2, Sept., Dingqing Lu and Zhengrong Zhou, Integrated Solutions for testing Wireless Communication Systems, accepted by IEEE Com Mag,

28 Additional Resources SystemVue Radar Application Notes 1. Multi-Dimentional Signal Generation 2. Create Realistic Scenarios for Radar and EW Applications Application 3. Radar Signal Generation and Analysis 4. Overcoming the Challenges of Simulating Phased-Array Radar Systems 5. Radar EW Solution Summary 6. AGI STK Links to SystemVue for Flight Testing 28