Radio Frequency Interference
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1 Radio Frequency Interference Regional Preparatory Workshop for WRC-19 Mexico City, Mexico 6 7 February, 2018 Mike Biggs Senior Engineer US FAA Spectrum Engineering Services
2 What is Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)? ITU Definition: The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of emissions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radiocommunication system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy. Criteria to mitigate inter-system interference are established as an element of ICAO SARPs. E.g., 8 db D/U for co-channel DME assignments 2
3 RF Dependent Aviation Systems 3
4 US RFI Yearly Activity Statistics Calendar 2014 RFIT Events - CNS Percent. Comm 89.94% Other 0.48% Nav 1.84% Satellite 4.49% Radar 3.25% Maintenance Management System (MMS) Data Event Manager System (EMS) Data Spectrum RFI Tracking System (RFIT) Data Comm Nav Radar Satellite Other 4
5 RFI Categories Authorized Transmissions Properly Licensed (i.e. FM, AM, TV) Unauthorized Transmissions Wireless Video Cameras High Power Cordless Telephones Unlicensed Pirate FM Stations Spurious Intentional Unauthorized Jamming Phantom Controllers Unintentional Spurious Transmissions 5
6 RFI Sources Citizens Band (CB) Radios (5 th harmonic) Paging Systems Stuck Microphone Transmissions Cell phone Spurious Emissions Electronic Attack (EA) Missions Power line Noise (Broadband Noise) Wireless wide area networks GPS/Cell phone jammers Amateur HAM Radio Land Mobile/Dispatch 6
7 US National Airspace System RFI Most Common Source of RFI: The unknown source Unauthorized Transmissions Pirate FM Broadcast Spurious Most Common FAA Victim: VHF/UHF Voice Communications Most Difficult RFI to Resolve: High Altitude Pilot Only Reported RFI Intermittent RFI (Airborne/Ground) Broadband RFI on Many Frequencies Phase Shift Keying RF Transmissions 7
8 US RFI Investigation Resources FAA Personnel and Organizations: ATO Spectrum Engineering Services Headquarters Technical Center Command Center Frequency Management Officers (FMO) Technical Operations Service Areas Aeronautical Center Technical Support Field Specialists (Technicians) Aviation System Standards (Flight Inspection) One International FIO Six National FIOs 8
9 COMM RFI NAS/CNS RFI Reporting Process 617 RFI Trained Air Traffic Systems Specialists First Level Response NAV RFI RADAR RFI NAS Services Impacted - Reported By Users RCL/LMR ILS GPS ENROUTE TERMINAL Telephone & Reports SAL Reports EM Reports RMLS Implementation All Reports to RFIT Linked Consolidation in 2005 Linked Consolidation in 2009 CLOSED /WAN Radio Frequency Interference Tracking (RFIT) FAA Intranet web-records Since
10 FAA RFI RESOURCES - Handheld FAA Assets and Software Tools Radio Frequency Interference Kit (K95-103) Handheld District Field Offices 33 Offices in the FAA NAS K Detection Coverage MHz Typically 2 miles Service Area Most Cost effective First choice instrument for technicians Approx. 300 K95-10x Systems GPS DF Antenna L1,L2,L5 VHF Yagi Antenna Directional 10
11 RFIT Event Attachments AOI Analysis 11
12 FAA RFI RESOURCES - Aircraft AVN Flight Check NASE/RFI Program to assist in locating RFI/GPS sources First Choice when High Altitude PIREPS ONLY DF Control/Mapping Operated Automation GPS DF Array & VHF DF Array L1,L2,L5 & MHz 12
13 Software Engineering Analysis Tools FAA ATCSCC/NOCC Spectrum Engineering Services: Radio Frequency Interference GIS Tracking (RFIT) Automated Frequency Manager (AFM) Enhance Traffic Management System (ETMS) GPS Interference Navigation Tool (GiANT) Hepburn Ionosphere Skip Forecasts (HPBRN) Google Earth 3-Dimensional Analysis (GE) RFI Field Investigation Software Tools (FMT) 13
14 GPS Interference Navigation Tool GPS Unreliability Prediction Contours Altitude Color Coded Legend ARTCC Airspace Boundary Overlay 14
15 Google Earth 3-Dimensional Analysis-P2 15
16 FAA FoxHunt Operation Support 16
17 FAA FoxHunt Mobile Suite 17
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