Exercise 3: Power in a Series/Parallel Circuit
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1 DC Fundamentals Power in DC Circuits Exercise 3: Power in a Series/Parallel Circuit EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you have completed this exercise, you will be able to determine the power dissipated in a series/ parallel resistive circuit by using a power formula. You will verify your results with a multimeter. DISCUSSION To calculate the total power of the circuit, multiply the source voltage by the total circuit current. You may also determine total power by adding the power dissipated in the series branch and the power dissipated in each leg of the parallel branch. P T = P R1 + P R2 + P R3 Power in a series/parallel circuit is determined by the same formulas you used for series and parallel circuits. FACET by Lab-Volt 209
2 Power in DC Circuits DC Fundamentals In an electric circuit, power is delivered by the source to the load. The source resistance (R S ), in series between the source and the load, also affects the power delivered to the load (R L ). The combined effect of the load and source resistance is that maximum power is delivered to the load when the two resistances are equal. 210 FACET by Lab-Volt
3 DC Fundamentals Power in DC Circuits PROCEDURE Locate the POWER circuit block, and connect the circuit shown. Place S1 in position A to connect R2 and R3 into the circuit. Use the voltage drop of R1 to determine the total current of your circuit. Use I T = V R1 /R1 I T = ma (Recall Value 1) Measure the value of your circuit source voltage. NOTE: V A is negative with respect to circuit common. V A = Vdc (Recall Value 2) FACET by Lab-Volt 211
4 Power in DC Circuits DC Fundamentals Based on a source voltage of Vdc (Step 3, Recall Value 2) and a circuit current of ma (Step 2, Recall Value 1), what is the total power dissipation of your circuit? NOTE: P T = V A x I T P T = mw (Recall Value 3) Determine the power dissipation in R1. NOTE: P = E 2 /R P R1 = mw (Recall Value 4) Determine the power dissipation in R2. NOTE: P = E 2 /R P R2 = mw (Recall Value 5) 212 FACET by Lab-Volt
5 DC Fundamentals Power in DC Circuits Determine the power dissipation in R3. NOTE: P = E 2 /R P R3 = mw (Recall Value 6) Based on your data recalled below, which statement applies to your circuit? a. The power dissipated in R2 and R3 equals the power dissipated in R1. b. The total power dissipated by the circuit equals the sum of the power dissipated in each circuit resistor. c. All of the above. P T = mw (Step 4, Recall Value 3) P R1 = mw (Step 5, Recall Value 4) P R2 = mw (Step 6, Recall Value 5) P R3 = mw (Step 7, Recall Value 6) NOTE: Data values are not exact due to circuit and measurement tolerances. Place CM switch 16 in the ON position. Verify that your circuit is connected as shown. The power switch (S1) on your circuit block should be in position A. R1 source R2 R3 R CM act as the circuit load. FACET by Lab-Volt 213
6 Power in DC Circuits DC Fundamentals Measure the voltage drop across the circuit load (across the parallel branch). NOTE: The CM resistor is automatically placed as part of your circuit load. V RL = Vdc (Recall Value 7) Place CM switch 16 in the OFF position. Measure the voltage drop across the circuit load. V RL = Vdc (Recall Value 8) Remove R3 from your circuit. Measure the voltage drop across the circuit load. V RL = Vdc (Recall Value 9) Using your measured values of V L and P L = V L 2 /R L, calculate the power in milliwatts dissipated in the load for the three different values of R L. Record your answers in the table below. R L Ohms V L Volts dc P L mw 500 Vdc (Step 10, Recall Value 7) mw (Recall Value 10) 1 k Vdc (Step 11, Recall Value 8) mw (Recall Value 11) 2 k Vdc (Step 12, Recall Value 9) mw (Recall Value 12) 214 FACET by Lab-Volt
7 DC Fundamentals Power in DC Circuits Based on the data table, which statement applies to your circuit? a. Maximum power cannot be transferred to the load because of R1. b. Maximum power is transferred to the load when R1 and R L are not equal in value. c. Maximum power is transferred to the load when R1 and R L are equal in value. Make sure all CMs are cleared (turned off) before proceeding to the next section. CONCLUSION The total power dissipated in a series/parallel circuit equals the sum of the power dissipated in each branch of the circuit. Maximum power is delivered to a circuit load when source resistance equals load resistance. Whenever R L does not equal R S, less than maximum power is delivered to the load. REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. The total power in a series/parallel circuit is a. determined by the total circuit resistance. b. determined by the resistors in each parallel branch. c. determined by the resistors in each series branch. d. equal to the sum of the power dissipated in each parallel branch. 2. The total power in a series/parallel circuit with a voltage source of 30V, a current of 20 ma in the series branch, and a current of 10 ma in each of the two parallel branch circuits is a. 1.5W. b. 1.2W. c. 0.9W. d. 0.6W. 3. To determine total power in a three-branch parallel circuit, a. use the product-over-sum method. b. add individual branch power. c. use the formula P = E/R. d. E and multiply by V A. 4. On the POWER circuit block, place S1 in position B. Place CM switch 18 in the ON position. The total circuit power dissipated equals mw. You determine that a a. 240 resistor is added in series with R1. b. 240 resistor is added in parallel with R1. c. 470 resistor is added in series with R4. d. 470 resistor is added in parallel with R4. FACET by Lab-Volt 215
8 Power in DC Circuits DC Fundamentals 5. Maximum power is transferred to the load when a. E RL is greater than E RS. b. E RL is equal to E RS. c. E RL is less than E RS. d. E RS is greater than E RL. NOTE: Make sure all CMs are cleared (turned off) before proceeding to the next section. 216 FACET by Lab-Volt
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