Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast system for Public Protection Disaster Recovery mission

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1 Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast system for Public Protection Disaster Recovery mission B. Martin MG. Françon*, C. Nussli*, JD. Gayrard*, N. Chuberre* Alcatel Space Industries, Nanterre *Alcatel Space Industries, Toulouse Abstract : This paper introduces the Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast system (S-DMB), which is expected to complement the third generation (3G) UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecom Standard) terrestrial mobile network. S-DMB is based on 3GPP (3 rd Generation Partnership Project) standardised UTRA FDD W-CDMA (Frequency Division Duplex Wide band Code Division Multiple Access) technology and makes use of the most standard mass marketed UMTS handsets adapted to the Mobile Satellite Services frequency bands. 1. Introduction Satellite Digital Multimedia Broadcast (S-DMB) is a mobile satellite system which allows for mass marketed communication medium in areas : where terrestrial coverage is not available, because terrestrial networks have not been deployed for business attractiveness reasons, or because terrestrial system has suffered environmental damages (crisis conditions), or where terrestrial coverage requires capacity complement. S-DMB provides a high data rate broadcast service to any 3GPP standardised class 3 handsets (250mW). The system operates in the IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunication 2000) frequency band allocated to Mobile Satellite Services and is based on a dedicated high power geostationary satellite. The "S-DMB enabled" 3G handsets can also benefit from a low data rate point to point service capability (<10 kbit/s). Furthermore, when coupled with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers (Galileo and/or GPS), these handsets can access all possible Location-Based Services which also include safety and presence management features This paper provides a technical description of the system and underlines its applicability to safety missions. 2. S-DMB System concept 2.1 Radio access architecture The S-DMB system is operable on its own. S-DMB User Equipment (UE) (or handset) is capable of receiving information from the satellite in the MHz band (forward link), and sending data to the satellite in the MHz band (IMT2000 bands). Use of the IMT2000 extension band, i.e MHz (forward link) and MHz (return link) is foreseen. Downlink T-UMTS T-UMTS Uplink MHz T-UMTS Core band 2670 Downlink Downlink and uplink Uplink 2690 MHz Extension band Figure 1 IMT-2000 spectrum allocation The link is fully compatible with 3GPP UTRA FDD W-CDMA waveform. W-CDMA allows that all the cells use the same spectrum (full frequency reuse) with no need for frequency planning. The satellite is connected to a gateway via a feeder link which operates in a Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) band. The S-DMB system is flexible enough to allow operations in several frequencies within the FSS band, depending on regulatory issues in the geographical location of the gateway. 1/5 Tous droits réservés Alcatel Space Industries All rights

2 The gateway is in charge of routing user traffic and associated signalling to the network infrastructure. Network infrastructure F F SS F 3GPP W-CDMA Figure 2- S-DMB system concept The network infrastructure is built with fully standardised 3GPP terrestrial equipment : Node B, Radio Network Controller (RNC) and connection to Core Network (CN). Node B and RNC may be integrated or not within the gateway. Operation Maintenance Centre (OMC) allows to configure infrastructure radio equipment. The S-DMB architecture works also with several gateways dispatched in distinct geographical areas. This configuration is suitable for rural and suburban environments, and for urban environment when the handset (UE) is visible from the satellite. For situations where the handset (UE) is not visible from the satellite, the system is completed with a network of terrestrial repeaters, called "Gap Fillers", which purpose is to relay satellite signals to handsets (UEs) when they are not visible from the satellite (transmission path blocked by buildings, indoor penetration, tunnels, etc.). Gap Fillers perform repetition and transparent amplification of the signal in the frequency band. Synchronous transmission of the same content over the same code in the same frequency allows the handset (UE) rake receiver to combine the terrestrial and satellite signals. Network infrastructure FFSS F F orffss F FT-UMTS Gap Filler Due to the fact a single frequency is re-used in all the cells of the system, frequency planning is not required for Gap Fillers deployment which is then fast enough to cope with emergency situations. Gap Fillers are low power/low cost 3GPP equipment. Their radio characteristics allow a deployment co-located to 3GPP terrestrial NodeBs. S-DMB may be used to complement terrestrial infrastructure, in that case S-DMB handsets (UEs) are able to cope with both terrestrial and frequency bands. 2.2 System coverage An example of European coverage is given hereafter. This configuration is not restrictive and may be extended to other areas in the world if based on more satellites. Figure 4 European coverage In figure 4, the system is composed of one geostationary satellite. The coverage area is Europe and also some parts of North Africa. The coverage is made through 44 individual satellite spots. For a coverage restricted to Europe (for an UE elevations from 16 to 42 ), the number of spots is limited to 30. The power is limited to 200W per spot. Satellite antenna diameter is 12 meters. 2.3 Regulatory issues The design of the S-DMB system benefits from the joint support of European Commission, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the French Space Agency (CNES). Additionally, a specific work item is supported by ETSI (SES-00078) for the evaluation of the possibility to use the W-CDMA UTRA FDD as an IMT-2000 Satellite Radio Interface. Action is on-going at ITU-8F in order to propose S-DMB scenarios for use in the IMT-2000 extension band. Node B Figure 3 Full coverage with Gap Fillers 2/5 Tous droits réservés Alcatel Space Industries All rights

3 3. S-DMB Services and User Equipment 3.1 Applications The system is primarily designed for mass market standard commercial purpose. It is also designed to provide specific services for crisis prevention and management (Public Protection and Disaster Relief Missions). Early warning and public alert: in critical situations, the satellite unique wide coverage broadcast feature is an outstanding mean to alert the population with no delay and to broadcast public notice and safety instructions. Emergency telecommunication services: the system can be naturally used anytime and anywhere to provide mobile communication capacity for assistance, search & rescue activities. S-DMB will contribute to an efficient deployment of the European E112 emergency calls. Mobile network infrastructure back-up: outside terrestrial mobile network coverage (15% of European territory is not covered with today's GSM 2G systems), or when the terrestrial mobile system is suffering congestion or is out of order due to natural or man made disaster, the S-DMB system still provides mobile communication capacity. Government institutional communication tool in case of disaster : S-DMB system is capable of operating both speech and point to point data services. These services are accessible by the rescue authorities, the casualties and their relatives and any other persons through a priority management mechanism which takes into account a pre-defined subscription profile : the handset location, the membership to selected groups of users (police, civil protection and other authorised "user groups" ). Assistance, Search And Rescue (SAR) : SAR services can be supplied to the users if the S-DMB handset includes GNSS features (Galileo and/or GPS) which is about to become a standard supply in the handsets. Global Monitoring for Environment and Safety (GMES) : The low data rate point to point service capability is a cost efficient solution for safety applications : remote monitoring applications when remote devices are scattered over a large area (industrial control devices, street furniture status control, security and alarm systems, environmental measurement devices...). Other Location Based Services such as asset and family tracking, fleet management, location sensitive information delivery for pedestrian, automotive, railways, maritime applications, can as well be optimised thanks to S-DMB. 3.2 User Equipment The S-DMB handsets (UEs) are standardised 3G (UMTS) with adaptation for frequency agility to the bands allocated to IMT-2000 satellite component. 3GPP standard offers several classes of handsets (UEs). The basic assumption for S-DMB system design is class 3 handsets, which means 250 mw power class, equipped with standard omnidirectional antenna (gain : max : 0dBi, average : -3dBi). Additionally to these configurations, handsets (UEs) power capability may be boosted. Three further configurations are envisaged : portable, vehicular and transportable. The maximum transmission power and antenna gain of the envisaged handsets (UEs) are summarised in the table below: UE type Max Tx power Antenna Gain Handset 250 mw 0 dbi Portable 2 W 2 dbi Vehicular 8 W 4 dbi Transportable 2 W 14 dbi Table 1 UE Tx Power and antenna gain The Portable configuration is built with a notebook PC to which an external antenna is appended. The Vehicular UE is obtained by installing on car roof a Radio Frequency (RF) module connected to the UE in the cockpit. The Transportable UE is built with a notebook which cover contains flat patch antennas. Handset Portable Vehicular Figure 5 S-DMB UE configurations 3.3 Data rates Transportable On the forward link, the S-DMB UE is able to support any data rate, from low data rate (~1.5 kbps) up to high data rate (384 kbps). On the return link, the data rate the UE is able to support depends on the UE configuration and on its location in the satellite spot (for UE transmit power limitation reasons) - i.e. its elevation versus satellite position. A minimal low data rate service is available to all UE classes, including the less powerful one (handset configuration). This service is SMS (Short Message Service) transfer. 3/5 Tous droits réservés Alcatel Space Industries All rights

4 The table below sum-up data rate capabilities relative to S-DMB UE configuration, for an average UE elevation of 30 and assuming 10 db link margin : Handset Portable Vehicul. Transp. SMS Yes Yes Yes Yes Speech 2.4 kbps Yes Yes Yes Yes Speech 12.2kbps No Yes Yes Yes Data 64 kbps No Yes Yes Yes Data 144 kbps No Yes Yes Yes Data 384 kbps No No Yes Yes Table 2- Data Rate S-DMB UE capability Radio Resource Control (RRC) manages resources in conjunction with the satellite radio environment. The protocol stack distribution for the delivery of broadcast services is compliant with 3GPP architecture, as depicted in the figure below : UE Node B RNC Appli PDCP /BMC PDCP /BMC CN Appli 4. Radio Access Network Radio Access Network is built with 3GPP terrestrial equipment. The minimum set of 3GPP channels the system must serve for S-DMB services is as follows : Return Link Logical CCCH Common Control Channel channels DCCH Dedicated Control Channel DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel Transport RACH Random Access Channel channels DCH Dedicated Channel Physical PRACH Physical Random Access Ch. channels DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel Forward Link Logical BCCH Broadcast Control Channel channels CCCH Common Control Channel DCCH Dedicated Control Channel Transport BCH Broadcast Channel channels FACH Forward Access Channel Physical CPICH Common Pilot Channel channels SCH Synchronisation Channel P-CCCH Primary Common Control Ch. S-CCCH Secondary Common Control Ch AICH Acquisition Indicator Channel Table 3- S-DMB channels The protocol stack distribution for SMS application is compliant with 3GPP architecture, as depicted in the figure below : UE Node B RNC SMS PMM RRC SMS : Short Message Service PMM : Packet Mobility Management RRC : Radio Resource Control RRC CN SMS PMM : RadioLink Control :Medium Access Control Figure 6 Protocol stack for SMS PDCP : Packet Data Convergence Protocol BMC : Broadcast/Multicast Control : Radio Link Control : Medium Access Control Figure 7 Protocol stack for Broadcast/multicast 5. S-DMB flexibility S-DMB system is flexible enough to allow preemption of the transmission resources by authorised organisation (police, civil protection ). Pre-emption may be achieved on a spot basis, then the whole spot is to safety communications or on a subset of radio resources, for instance a branch of the W-CDMA code tree. Furthermore, it is possible to focus satellite power on a restricted regional area and the power may be redistributed between spots, i.e. one spot may be allocated additional power (at the expense of other spots) during traffic peaks periods. Spot pre-emption is ordered by OMC, which means authorised organisation must have access and/or control to this OMC. Due to the possibility to dispatch gateways in several geographical areas, the architecture supports redundancy criteria and fast deployment. The S-DMB system implements priority features, such as priority to subscriber classes. In that way, it is possible to pre-empt dynamically radio resources for selected groups of users, without requiring OMC reconfiguration. The S-DMB system implements secured transmission via data encryption for both user traffic and associated signalling. The system allows the use of time diversity to enhance system availability : the same content is transmitted several times with an interval of several seconds so that the transmissions are uncorrelated with respect to blockages. 4/5 Tous droits réservés Alcatel Space Industries All rights

5 6. System Capacity 6.1 SMS transfer For the minimal service, i.e. SMS, considering the following assumptions : basic SMS size is 200 bytes, signalling overhead as in 3GPP (UMTS) terrestrial networks, transfer rate is 1.5 kbps, Block Error Rate (BLER) : 10%, UE average elevation of 30, Handset configuration, the system will offer (per single carrier) : 1900 simultaneous SMS transfers, 827 SMS transfer per second, Maximum SMS transfer delay : 6.8 s. 6.2 Traffic Broadcast System capacity for traffic broadcast is evaluated with the following assumptions : average handset (UE) elevation of 30, 10 db link margin, UE receiver complies with minimum performance requirements defined by 3GPP (UMTS) standards (no implementation optimisation). The capacity per carrier per spot for the four 3GPP test cases is (unit : Mbps) : Test case Handset Portable Vehic. Transp kbps kbps kbps kbps Table 4-Traffic capacity; Forward Link 6.3 Point to point services The system capacity on the forward link is similar to the one of traffic broadcast. On the return link, for the minimal handset (UE) configuration, i.e. handset, the system capacity is limited due to the low power capacity. Assuming Node B complies with minimum performance requirements defined by 3GPP standards, without implementation optimisation (no multi-user detection, etc.), the system capacity is : Test case Portable Vehicular Transportable 12.2 kbps 24.4 kbps 122 kbps 146 kbps 64 kbps 128 kbps 128 kbps 192 kbps 144 kbps 288 kbps 288 kbps 288 kbps 384 kbps kbps 768 kbps Table 5-Traffic capacity; Return Link The opportunity to enhance system capacity by implementing in Node B optimisation reception techniques such as Multi User Detection (MUD) is under investigation. 7. Conclusion Due to the full compatibility of the S-DMB system with UTRAN FDD W-CDMA waveform and with the 3GPP network infrastructure architecture, production costs can be considerably reduced. This is of particular importance for mass market handset (UEs). Furthermore, the use of 3GPP handsets lets us foresee the possibility that S-DMB UEs would be sufficiently scattered so that they are available to people at the instant of emergency situation. The S-DMB system may be deployed for commercial use and pre-empted during the public disaster periods. In any case, S-DMB architecture is suitable for a fast deployment in emergency situations. References [1] Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000; Evaluation of the W-CDMA UTRA FDD as a Satellite Radio Interface ETSI TR [2] Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000; Satellite-Digital Multimedia Broadcasting System Reference Document ETSI TR [3] Parameters of a Satellite based Digital Multimedia Broadcasting (S-DMB) system to be used in compatibility studies between the terrestrial and the satellite component of IMT Document 8F/533-E [4] Satellite-based multicast architecture for multimedia services in 3G mobile networks C.Nussli, A.Bertout-Alcatel Telecommunication Review, 2nd Quarter /5 Tous droits réservés Alcatel Space Industries All rights

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