THE ORION PHOTOINJECTOR: STATUS and RESULTS

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1 THE ORION PHOTOINJECTOR: STATUS and RESULTS Dennis T. Palmer SLAC / ARDB ICFA Sardinia 4 July 2002

2 1. Introduction 2. Beam Dynamics Simulations 3. Photoinjector 1. RF Gun 2. Solenoidal Magnet 3. Diagnostics Section 4. RF Waveguide 5. Laser System 1. Oscillator Subsystem 2. Amplifier Subsystem 6. Phase Noise 7. Photocathode Material 8. Discussion OUTLINE

3 General Design Parameters of the ORION Facility Beam Energies Charge per Bunch Number of Bunches Transverse Emittance Bunch Length Charge Stability Bunch Timing Jitter Repetition Rate Average Beam Power Electron Source Drive Laser Source RF System Injector Linac High-Energy Linac 7 MeV (Source); 7-67 MeV (LE Hall); MeV (HE Hall) 0.25 nc optimum, adjustable up to a nominal maximum of 1 nc 1 or 2 (split charge) < 2x10-6 m, normalized rms (0.25 nc) 1.8 psec, rms (0.25 nc) 2.5% pulse-to-pulse 500 fsec, rms 10 Hz 0.67 W at 67 MeV; 3.5 W at 350 MeV (1 nc bunches) 1.6 cell, S-band (2.856 GHz) Photoinjector, Mg cathode Commercial Ti:Sapphire, 266 nm wavelength, 1 mj output SLAC 5045 Klystron; Solid-State, NLC-type Modulator Two X-band (11.4 GHz), 0.9 m, 30 MV, NLC structures Four X-band, 1.8 m, 72 MV, NLC structures

4 ORION Facility Future Location Accelerator Research Department B NLCTA FFTB

5 ORION NLCTA Introduction

6 Next Generation Photoinjector D.T. Palmer et al

7 D.T. Palmer et. al Accelerator Research Department B

8 Beam Dynamics Simulations Accelerator Research Department B Photoinjector Layout S-Band 150 cm Diagnostics X-Band cm

9 Parmela Accelerator Research Department B R = 1 mm Q = 1 nc σ z = 500 fsec N = 10K Quiet Start D.T. Palmer NLC Structure Support

10 RF Gun Accelerator Research Department B BNL/SLAC/UCLA 1.6 cell S-Band RF GUN

11 Mechanical Improvements Cathode Enclosure ONE OF A KIND Exit Port Vacuum Port / RF Probe MDC HIGH TEMP

12 ORION RF GUN

13 ORION/Neptune RF GUN

14 Spare Neptune 1.6 cell RF Gun After 1 st Braze

15 Solenoidal Magnet

16

17 Solenoidal Magnet Magnet Material Conductor Length Cross Section Resistance Voltage Current Power J 1006 Steel Hollow 200 m cm Ω V 220 A 3445 W A/cm 2

18 Magnetic Field Versus Current

19 Diagnostics Section

20 RF Waveguide Subsystem Accelerator Research Department B S-Band Power Modulator

21 SLAC Type I Coupler Under Test Theory Exp. D.T. Palmer

22 Drive Laser System Accelerator Research Department B Drive Laser Minimum System Requirements and Performance Enhancements Parameter Pulse Repetition Frequency Laser Energy 1 Minimum System Requirement 10 Hz > 1 mj Performance Enhancements Laser Energy Jitter < 5% rms Best Effort UV Timing Jitter 2 < 500 fs, rms Best Effort Pulse Length (FWHM) 300 fs 10 ps Temporal Amplitude Profile Gaussian Uniform 3 Radial Amplitude Profile Approx. Uniform Best Effort 4 MTBF 5000 hours Footnotes: 1) Measured on a Gaussian temporal and radial profile beam. 2) Measured with respect to a 79 1/3 MHz external master RF clock 3) 5% ripple, peak to peak, 1 ps rise/fall times on 10% - 90% of full amplitude. 4) 10% ripple, peak to peak

23 Oscillator Subsystem

24 ORION LASER OSCILLATOR FIRST 800 nm D.T. Palmer

25 ORION LASER OSCILLATOR Photodiode Signal Spectral Measurement MHz nsec λ = 16.1 nm

26 Autocorrelation Measurement P. Bolton & D.T. Palmer

27 Autocorrelation Calibration psec 32 msec T t = psec msec P. Bolton & D.T. Palmer

28 Autocorrelation Measurement P. Bolton & D.T. Palmer

29 Amplifier Subsystem Accelerator Research Department B TSA 25 Evolution X Regenerative Amp + Multi-pass Stage + future upgrades LAB Diode Pumped Nd:YLF 10 nm 1KHz Nd:YAG pump 400 mj 10 Hz for Multi-pass Amplifier

30 Phase Noise Circuit Diagram Accelerator Research Department B D. T. Palmer

31 0.142 o = 1 mv /3 MHz MHz D. T. Palmer

32 VCO C RF Vectron CO MHz Wenzel Multiplier/Filter 8.5MHz to 476MHz 5 MHz LP BIAS Voltage 100k 13dBm RC=15 Sec. 470uf 33k 1k 20dB LNA MIXER LO RF IF 5 MHz LP Optional 13dBm To Computer 1 30dB Amp 5 MHz LP 10 khz LP PTS MHz Jitter ~ 500 fsec R. Akre et al.

33 Improvement Accelerator Research Department B Power Supply Noise Unregulated P.S. Regulated P.S. RMS = 90 mv RMS = 64 mv

34 Bode Plot R. Akre et al.

35 Replace AOM for 79 1/3 MHz Accelerator Research Department B Courtesy of SP Laser Corp

36 PHOTO-CATHODE Accelerator Research Department B CU 100 Mg????

37 Single Crystal Copper Photocathode Before After Ez ~ 90 MV/m Q = 90 o CU 100 QE = 6.2 x10-5

38 Mg Photocathode Development NCT, Inc. Friction Welding Mg Rod 99.97% Element Concentration (ppm) Mo Major Al 30 Zn 50 Mn 31 Fe 34 Ni 4 Cu 2 Si 30 Pb 10 Ca 10 Sn <10 Cd <1 D.T. Palmer x4611

39 Friction Welded Mg Photocathode OFHC Grade II copper Mg 1 µm Vent

40 Next Steps..

41 Possible Prototype LCLS RF Gun

42 Whose missing????

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