First Revision No. 112-NFPA [ Global Input ] Submitter Information Verification. Committee Statement and Meeting Notes 1/14/2015 1:57 PM

Transcription

1 of 26 1/14/2015 1:57 PM First Revision No. 112-NFPA [ Global Input ] Change L 0 (L sub zero) to L o (L sub O) throughout Annex L including tables, figures and formulas. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 18:49:38 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC corrects inconsistencies in the Annex. Response Message:

2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 113-NFPA [ Global Input ] In the formula in Figure L.6.8 for strikes to an incoming service change A (A sub 1) to A (A sub L) in 2 places. 1 L In row 2 remove "See Table L.6.7.1" Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 18:52:01 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC corrects inconsistencies in the Annex. Response Message: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document.

3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 114-NFPA [ Global Input ] Change A (A sub i) to A (A sub I) and A (A sub l (lower case) to A (A sub L (upper case) throughout Annex L including tables, i l l L figures and formulas. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 18:54:02 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC corrects inconsistencies in the Annex. Response Message:

4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 116-NFPA [ Global Input ] Globally change all letter symbols and accompanying subscript characters in Annex L to be written as italics symbols and non-italic subscripts (i.e. C 2, L O ). Globally change all letter symbols and accompanying subscript characters in Annex L to be written as italics symbols in and subscripts in uppercase (i.e. L O becomes L O ). Throughout Annex L, globally change all lowercase letter symbols n to n, t to t and r to r. All other lower case p Z p Z a t symbols remain unchanged except as indicated in Item 1 above (r (r sub f) is unchanged and remains r (r sub f); r sub p remains r f f sub p; n sub t remains n sub t; and h sub Z remains h sub Z). Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 19:00:21 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message:

5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 16-NFPA [ Global Input ] Replace joint with connection in titles and all subsections throughout Chapter 10 and Annex for Chapter 10. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 11:21:16 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC makes the change for consistent terminology with the remainder of the standard. Response Message:

6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 47-NFPA [ Global Input ] Change 150 ft (46 m) to 150 ft (45 m) throughout the standard including tables, figures and formulas. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 10:34:18 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC changes 46 m to 45 m throughout the document for consistency. Response Message: Public Input No. 158-NFPA [Section No. A.4.7.2] Public Input No. 265-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 280-NFPA [Section No. L.6.7.4] Public Input No. 264-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 260-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 268-NFPA [Section No. A ] Public Input No. 270-NFPA [Section No. H.2.2] Public Input No. 269-NFPA [Section No. A ] Public Input No. 266-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 261-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 263-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 262-NFPA [Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 267-NFPA [Section No ]

7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 5-NFPA [ Global Input ] In all occurrences throughout the Standard including tables, figures and formulas change: From 6 in. (152 mm) to 6 in. (150 mm) From 8 in. (0.2 m) to 8 in. (200 mm) From 8 in. (203 mm) to 8 in. (200 mm) From 12 in. (0.3 m) to 12 in. (300 mm) From 12 in. (305 mm) to 12 in. (300 mm) From 16 in. (406 mm) to 16 in. (400 mm) From 18 in. (460 mm) to 18 in. (450 mm) From 18 in. (0.45 m) to 18 in. (450 mm) From 24 in. (0.6 m) to 24 in. (600 mm) From 24 in. (610 mm) to 24 in. (600 mm) Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 16:29:00 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC makes a change to provide consistent English to metric conversion throughout the standard including tables, figures and formulas.

8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 147-NFPA [ Detail ] Maximum Permitted DC Voltage (Vpvdc). The maximum permitted dc voltage rating across a photovoltaic surge protection device (PV SPD). Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: Richard Roux Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Nov 08 20:55:49 EST 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC provides a new definition to support new text in Chapter 12. Response Message: Public Input No. 228-NFPA [New Section after ]

9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 23-NFPA [ Section No. 1.2 ] 1.2* Purpose. The purpose of this standard shall be to provide for the safeguarding of persons and property from hazards arising from exposure to lightning. Supplemental Information File Name FR_23_Annex_text.docx Description FR-23 Annex text Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 13:23:03 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds annex material in order to provide direction as to where the measure that safeguards people may be found. The TC provides language that limits the scope of the safeguarding of persons to the non-normative section while giving clear direction where those recommendations can be located. Response Message: Public Input No. 213-NFPA [New Section after 1.2] Public Input No. 212-NFPA [Section No. 1.2]

10 FR_23 Annex text A.1.2 The safeguarding of persons is a foremost concern of this standard. Although it is impossible to prevent all threats from lightning, this standard makes recommendations for personal safety from lightning, which are located primarily in Annex M.

11 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 72-NFPA [ Section No. 1.3 ] 1.3 Listed, Labeled, or Approved Components. Where fittings, devices, lightning conductors, air terminals, or other components required by this standard are available as listed or labeled, such components shall be used. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 17:34:52 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies the text of 1.3 by adding "lightning conductors" and "air terminals." Response Message:

12 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 71-NFPA [ New Section after ] Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, compliance of the completed installation with the requirements of this standard shall be certified through a physical on-site inspection by a qualified and impartial organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 17:09:28 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds a new paragraph to provide criteria for the AHJ when a certification is required. Response Message: Public Input No. 224-NFPA [New Section after 1.5.2]

13 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 44-NFPA [ Section No. 2.3 ] 2.3 Other Publications IEC Publications. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. IEC , Protection Against Lightning Part 2: Risk Management, Edition 2, ISO Publications. International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. ISO 1496, Series 1 freight containers Specification and testing Part 1: General cargo containers for general purposes, UL Publications. Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL ANSI/UL 1449, Standard for Safety for Surge Protective Devices, 3rd 4th edition, September 29, 2006, with revisions through July 11, 2012 August 20, Other Publications. Merriam-Webster s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th edition, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA, Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 18:24:01 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the dates for ISO 1496 and UL 1449 in accordance with the Manual of Style, Paragraph The TC adds IEC as this document is included in Chapter 7. Response Message: Public Input No. 169-NFPA [Section No. 2.3]

14 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 102-NFPA [ New Section after ] Ground Loop Conductor. A main-size loop conductor installed within 12 ft (3.6 m) vertically of the base of the structure to provide a common ground potential. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 17:31:35 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds a definition for ground loop conductor. Response Message:

15 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 78-NFPA [ Section No ] Grounding Electrode. The portion of a lightning protection system, such as a ground rod, ground plate electrode, or ground conductor, that is installed for the purpose of providing electrical contact with allowing lightning current flow into the earth. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 10:48:00 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC edits the definition to clarify that the purpose of the grounding electrode for the lightning protection system is for lightning current flow into the earth. Public Input No. 118-NFPA [Section No ]

16 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 75-NFPA [ New Section after ] Integral Lightning Protection System. A lightning protection system directly attached to the structure. Supplemental Information File Name FR-75.docx Description FR-75 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 18:37:37 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC provides a definition for integral lightning protection system. See FR-75 and FR-76. Response Message: Public Input No. 245-NFPA [Section No. 3.3]

17 FR Integral Lightning Protection System. A lightning protection system directly attached to the structure.

18 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 1-NFPA [ Section No ] * Light Base. An enclosure used as a mounting base for airport light fixtures and assemblies. The unit serves as an isolation transformer housing or and as an electrical junction box, or both. The light base is cylindrically shaped, with a closed bottom, provisions for cable or conduit entry and exit, and provisions for grounding, and is provided with a top flange to mate with the fixture or cover. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 11:46:39 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC revises the light base definition to provide additional clarity. Response Message: Public Input No. 129-NFPA [Section No ]

19 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 76-NFPA [ New Section after ] Mast-Type Lightning Protection System. A lightning protection system using one or more masts that are remote from the structure to provide the primary attachment point for a lightning discharge. Supplemental Information File Name FR-76.docx Description FR-76 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 18:42:01 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC provides a definition for mast-type lightning protection system. See FR-75 and FR-76. Response Message:

20 FR Mast-type Lightning Protection System. A lightning protection system using one or more masts, that are remote from the structure, to provide the primary attachment point for a lightning discharge.

21 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 25-NFPA [ Section No ] Magnetically Shielded. Enclosing all or part of an object in a metallic grid or continuous screen to reduce failures of electrical and reduces the effects of the lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) and consequently the failure of electronic system components. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 13:37:19 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text to provide clarity. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 5, 2014 M. Beady Comp - please note that this should come before FR 76 to maintain alpha order Public Input No. 8-NFPA [Section No ]

22 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 2-NFPA [ Section No ] * Raceway. An enclosed channel of metallic or nonmetallic materials designed expressly for holding wires, cables, or busbars, with additional functions as permitted this [standard]. Raceways include, but are not limited to, rigid metal conduit, rigid nonmetallic conduit, intermediate metal conduit, liquidtight flexible conduit, flexible metallic tubing, flexible metal conduit, electrical nonmetallic tubing, electrical metallic tubing, underfloor raceways, cellular concrete floor raceways, cellular metal floor raceways, surface raceways, wireways, and busways. in this standard. [ 70: 100.I] Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 11:54:22 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 10, 2014 [ Not Specified ] The 2014 NEC (NFPA 70) revised the raceway definition. The TC edits the text to use the NFPA 70 definition to promote consistency. The TC retains the associated annex text. Public Input No. 130-NFPA [Section No ] Terra displays this text as struck through. Per Megan, "The references are generated text, and it s trying to do a compare on the underlying coding. It will look fine for ballot after the Arbortext work has been done, and you can clarify it in the statement if you need to. It is probably OK if you click Hide mark-up. "

23 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 103-NFPA [ New Section after ] Solar Panel. A general term for thermal collectors or photovoltaic (PV) modules. Collectors collect heat by absorbing sunlight and are used in water heater systems, parabolic troughs, parabolic-dish type, evacuated-tube type, solar air heaters or solar tower systems. Modules convert solar radiation into direct current (dc) electricity. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 17:45:09 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC provides a new definition to support new text in Chapter 12. Response Message: Public Input No. 229-NFPA [New Section after ]

24 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 104-NFPA [ New Section after ] Solar Array. A group of solar modules or collectors wired or connected together in a string or larger collection system. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 17:46:44 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC provides a new definition to support new text in Chapter 12. Response Message: Public Input No. 230-NFPA [New Section after ]

25 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 118-NFPA [ New Section after ] Smart Structure. A structure that has a high degree of interconnected automatic systems for lighting, temperature control, multimedia systems, telecommunications, security, window and door operations, and other functions. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Sep 26 11:19:22 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC provides a new annex J to provide guidance on smart structures and a definition is required. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 5, 2014 M. Beady Comp - this should follow current Sideflash to maintain alpha order

26 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 22-NFPA [ Section No ] Surge Protective Device (SPD). A device intended for limiting surge voltages on equipment by diverting or limiting surge current that comprises at least one nonlinear component while remaining capable of repeating these functions. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 13:20:09 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the definition to add a repeatability clause. Response Message:

27 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 106-NFPA [ Section No ] Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage Level (Withstand Voltage) ( U W ). Impulse withstand voltage assigned by the manufacturer to wiring and equipment, or to a part of it, characterizing the specified withstand capability of its insulation against (transient) overvoltages. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 18:05:44 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds a definition for Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage Level (Withstand Voltage) (UW). The addition of (withstand voltage) in the title of the definition is to allow the term to be used in the text without repeating the entire title each time it is used. Response Message: Public Input No. 239-NFPA [Section No ]

28 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 48-NFPA [ Section No ] Structures exceeding 75 ft (23 m) in height shall be protected with Class II materials as shown in Table Table Minimum Class II Material Requirements Copper Aluminum Type of Conductor Parameter U.S. SI U.S. SI Air terminal, solid Diameter 1 2 in mm 5 8 in mm Size each strand 15 AWG mm 2 13 AWG 2.62 mm 2 Main conductor, cable Weight per length 375 lb/1000 ft 558 g/m 190 lb/1000 ft 283 g/m Cross-section area 115,000 cir. mils 58 mm 2 192,000 cir. mils 2 97 mm Bonding conductor, cable (solid or stranded) Size each strand 17 AWG 1.04 mm 2 14 AWG 2.08 mm 2 Cross-section area 26,240 cir. mils 13.2 mm 2 41,100 cir. mils mm Bonding conductor, solid strip Thickness in mm in mm Width 1 2 in mm 1 2 in mm Thickness in mm in mm Main conductor, solid strip Cross-section area 115,000 cir. mils 58 mm 2 192,000 cir. mils 2 97 mm Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 10:38:28 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC corrects the values in the table from 1.05 sq. mm, to 1.65 sq. mm. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 5, 2014 M. Beady Comp - see highlighted text for changes Public Input No. 171-NFPA [Section No ]

29 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 49-NFPA [ Section No ] Conductors shall be of electrical-grade aluminum with a minimum chemical composition of 99 percent aluminum. Supplemental Information File Name FR-49.docx Description FR-49 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 10:41:47 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies the content of aluminum conductor and aligns it with UL 96, Lightning Protection Components. Response Message: Public Input No. 288-NFPA [Section No ]

30 FR Conductors shall be of electrical-grade aluminum, with a minimum chemical composition of 99% aluminum.

31 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 50-NFPA [ Section No ] Metal parts of a structure that are exposed to direct lightning flashes and that have a metal thickness of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) or greater shall only require connection to the lightning protection system in accordance with Section Supplemental Information File Name FR-50.docx Description FR-50 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 10:43:08 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The reference to Section 4.8 (Zone of Protection) is incorrect. The TC corrects the reference to Section 4.9 Conductors as this requirement deals with the connection of the strike termination device to the rest of the system. Public Input No. 271-NFPA [Section No ]

32 FR Metal parts of a structure that are exposed to direct lightning flashes and that have a metal thickness of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) or greater shall only require connection to the lightning protection system in accordance with Section

33 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 46-NFPA [ New Section after ] Connections between galvanized steel overhead ground wires and copper conductors shall be made through a suitable component that does not permit direct contact between the two materials. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 18:46:54 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC adds a new clause to address galvanized steel overhead ground wires and copper conductors. Galvanized steel may be destroyed by galvanic coupling with copper, especially where moisture may be present.

34 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 101-NFPA [ Section No ] The overhead ground wire shall be sized to have the same cross-sectional area as a main lightning conductor a minimum diameter of ½ in. (13 mm) and shall be self-supporting with minimum sag under all conditions. Supplemental Information File Name FR-101.docx Description FR-101 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 17:19:02 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text to provide a minimum diameter for all overhead ground wire materials. Response Message:

35 FR The overhead ground wire shall be sized to have the same cross-sectional area as a main lightning conductor a minimum diameter of ½ in. (13 mm) and shall be self-supporting with minimum sag under all conditions.

36 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 79-NFPA [ Section No ] Sideflash The sideflash distance from a point on a mast shall be calculated from the following formula and units shall be consistent (e.g., either all feet or all meters) : where: D = sideflash distance from a mast h = height of structure (or object being calculated) [ ] Supplemental Information File Name FR-79.docx Description FR-79 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 10:50:16 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies the text to ensure consistency in the formula. Response Message: Public Input No. 94-NFPA [Section No ]

37 FR The sideflash Sideflash distance from a point on a mast shall be calculated from the following formula (units shall be consistent (i.e. either all feet or all meters)): D = where: D = sideflash distance from a mast h = height of structure D (or object being calculated)

38 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 80-NFPA [ Section No ] * The sideflash distance from a point on an overhead ground wire shall be calculated as follows and units shall be consistent (e.g., either all feet or all meters) : where: D = sideflash distance from a mast or overhead ground wire [ ] l = length of lightning protection conductor between the nearest grounded point and the point being calculated (In the calculation of spacing from an overhead wire supported by a metal mast, it shall be permitted to consider the grounded point to be the attachment point on the metal mast where the overhead wire is electrically connected. For calculations of sideflash from a mast and the calculations for overhead wires supported by nonmetallic masts, the grounded point shall be considered the grounding system connection.) n = 1 where there is one overhead ground wire that exceeds 100 ft (30 m) in horizontal length n = 1.5 where there are one or two down conductors connected to the overhead ground wire spaced greater than 25 ft (7.6 m) and less than 100 ft (30 m) apart along the length of the overhead ground wire n = 2.25 where there are more than two down conductors connected to the overhead ground wires spaced more than 25 ft (7.6 m) apart and less than 100 ft (30 m) apart along the length of the overhead ground wire Supplemental Information File Name FR-80.docx Description FR-80 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 10:52:35 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies the text to ensure consistency in the formula. Response Message: Public Input No. 95-NFPA [Section No ]

39 FR * The sideflash distance from a point on an overhead ground wire shall be calculated as follows (units shall be consistent (i.e. either all feet or all meters)): where: D = D = sideflash distance from a mast or overhead ground wire l = length of lightning protection conductor between the nearest grounded point and the point being calculated (In the calculation of spacing from an overhead wire supported by a metal mast, it shall be permitted to consider the grounded point to be the attachment point on the metal mast where the overhead wire is electrically connected. For calculations of sideflash from a mast and the calculations for overhead wires supported by nonmetallic masts, the grounded point shall be considered the grounding system connection.) n = 1 where there is one overhead ground wire that exceeds 100 ft (30 m) in horizontal length n = 1.5 where there are one or two down conductors connected to the overhead ground wire spaced greater than 25 ft (7.6 m) and less than 100 ft (30 m) apart along the length of the overhead ground wire n = 2.25 where there are more than two down conductors connected to the overhead ground wires spaced more than 25 ft (7.6 m) apart and less than 100 ft (30 m) apart along the length of the overhead ground wire

40 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 51-NFPA [ Section No ] Location of Devices * As shown in Figure , the distance from strike termination devices to ridge ends on pitched roofs or to edges and outside corners of flat or gently sloping roofs shall not exceed 2 ft (0.6 m). Figure Air Terminals on a Pitched Roof Strike termination devices shall be placed on ridges of pitched roofs and around the perimeter of flat or gently sloping roofs at intervals not exceeding 20 ft (6 m) Strike termination devices 2 ft (0.6 m) or more above the object or area to be protected shall be permitted to be placed at intervals not exceeding 25 ft (7.6 m). Supplemental Information File Name FR_51_Annex_text.docx Description FR-51 Annex text. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 10:50:13 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC changes the location of the asterisk to more appropriately reflect the annex material's content. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 6, 2014 M. Beady Comp - this FR is just a renumbering of the annex A material. Please renumber A to A Public Input No. 157-NFPA [Section No ]

41 FR_51 Annex text A Strike termination devices should be placed as close as practicable to roof edges and outside corners.

42 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 53-NFPA [ Section No ] Roofs with Intermediate Ridges. Strike termination devices shall be located along the outermost ridges of buildings that have a series of intermediate ridges at the same intervals as required by 4.7.2, as shown in Figure Figure Air Terminals on Intermediate Ridges Strike termination devices shall be located on the intermediate ridges in accordance with the requirements for the spacing of strike termination devices on flat or gently sloping roofs If any intermediate ridge is higher than the outermost ridges, it shall be treated as a main ridge and protected according to Supplemental Information File Name Description FR-53.pdf Figure Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 11:00:17 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds reference to a figure and adds new Figure Response Message:

43 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 10, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Public Input No. 13-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 27-NFPA [Section No ] Terra displays this text as struck through. Per Megan, "The references are generated text, and it s trying to do a compare on the underlying coding. It will look fine for ballot after the Arbortext work has been done, and you can clarify it in the statement if you need to. It is probably OK if you click Hide mark-up. "

44 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 54-NFPA [ Section No ] Flat or Gently Sloping Roof Area. Flat or gently sloping roofs that exceed 50 ft (15 m) in width or length shall have additional strike termination devices located at intervals not to exceed 50 ft (15 m) on the flat or gently sloping areas, as shown in Figure 4.7.5(a) and Figure 4.7.5(b) ; such area shall be permitted to be protected using taller strike termination devices that create zones of protection using the rolling sphere method so the sphere does not contact the flat or gently sloping roof area. Figure 4.7.5(a) Air Terminals on a Flat Roof. Figure 4.7.5(b) Air Terminals on a Gently Sloping Roof.

45 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Flat or gently sloping roofs that exceed 50 ft (15 m) in width or length shall have additional strike termination devices located at intervals not to exceed 50 ft (15 m) on the flat or gently sloping areas, as shown in Figure 4.7.5(a) Figure (a) and Figure 4.7.5(b) Figure (b) ;. Figure (a) Air Terminals on a Flat Roof. Figure (b) Air Terminals on a Gently Sloping Roof.

46 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM such Such areas shall be permitted to be protected using taller strike termination devices that create zones of protection using the rolling sphere method so the sphere does not contact the flat or gently sloping roof area. Supplemental Information File Name FR-54.docx Description FR-54 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 11:06:26 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Th TC divides the paragraph into two to comply with the Manual of Style, Paragraph The TC renumbers the figures to Figure (a) and Figure (b). Response Message: Public Input No. 131-NFPA [Section No ]

47 FR Flat or Gently Sloping Roof Area Flat or gently sloping roofs that exceed 50 ft (15 m) in width or length shall have additional strike termination devices located at intervals not to exceed 50 ft (15 m) on the flat or gently sloping areas, as shown in Figure (a) and Figure (b) ; such Such area shall also be permitted to be protected using taller strike termination devices that create zones of protection using the rolling sphere method so the sphere does not contact the flat or gently sloping roof area. Figure (a) Air Terminals on a Flat Roof. Figure (b) Air Terminals on a Gently Sloping Roof.

48 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 129-NFPA [ Section No ] Chimneys, Vents, and Other Objects on Roofs Not in a Zone of Protection. Strike termination devices shall be required on all objects not located within a zone of protection, including metal objects having a metal thickness of less than 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) except as permitted in through Metal objects with having a metal thickness of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) or more and not located in a zone of protection shall require connection to the lightning protection system using a main-size lightning conductor and a main-size connector in accordance with the following: (1) It has a surface contact area of not less than 3 in. 2 (1940 mm 2 ) or a minimum of in. (38 mm) of contact along the axis of a round surface. The metal object shall be connected to the lightning protection system using a main-size lightning conductor. (2) Two or more paths to ground are provided, located as is required for strike termination devices. The main-size conductor connecting the metal object shall provide two or more paths in accordance with Section 4.9. (3) The main-size conductor shall be connected to the metal object with a main-size connector having a surface contact area of not less than 3 in. 2 (1940 mm 2 ) or a minimum of 1 1 / in. (38 mm) of contact along the axis of a round surface. 2 (4) The main-size conductor shall be permitted to be connected to the metal object in accordance with the provisions for connection to framework in , , and * Required strike termination devices shall be installed on objects, as shown in Figure , so that the distance from a strike termination device to an outside corner or the distance perpendicular to an outside edge is not greater than 2 ft (0.6 m). Figure Air Terminals on a Chimney Where only one strike termination device is required on an object, at least one main-size conductor shall connect the strike termination device to a main conductor at the location where the object meets the roof surface and provides two or more paths to ground from that location in accordance with Section 4.9 and Objects on roofs that are less than 10 in. (254 mm) above the surface of the roof shall not require strike termination devices unless they are located within 3 ft (0.9 m) of the ridge or roof edge. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ]

49 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 29 09:33:44 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC deletes A as the text does not necessarily add clarity to the text of The TC clarifies the text of Paragraph The TC deletes the text of A as the text simply mirrors the information in A Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 3, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Delete A text. Oct 23, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Delete A Public Input No. 132-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 160-NFPA [Section No. A ]

50 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 56-NFPA [ Section No ] The air terminals shall be mounted on bases having a minimum contact area of 3 in. 2 (1940 mm 2 ), each secured to bare metal of the housing or mounted by drilling and tapping to the unit's frame in accordance with and Air terminals shall be mounted to metal roof top units by using one of the following methods: (1) Adhered with adhesive bases to the metal units housing. (2) Secured on bases having a minimum contact area of 3 in. 2 (1940 mm 2 ), each to the bare metal of the unit s housing using mechanical fasteners. (3) Drilled, tapped, and screwed directly into the unit s frame in accordance with and Where the air terminal is mounted in accordance with (2) or (3) the unit's metal housing shall be permitted to be used as a main conductors where the housing minimum thickness is in. (1.63 mm) and is electrically continuous At least two main-size conductors shall be installed to connect the unit to the lightning protection system The connection shall be made to bare metal at the base or lower edges of the unit using main-size lightning conductors and bonding devices that have a surface contact area of not less than 3 in. 2 (1940 mm 2 ) and shall provide two or more paths to ground, as is required for strike termination devices The two main bonding plates shall be located as far apart as practicable at the base or lower edges of the unit's electrically continuous metal housing and connected to the lightning protection system. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 11:34:51 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies the requirements and provides for adhering air terminals and conductors to the units. Response Message: Public Input No. 289-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 16-NFPA [Section No ]

51 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 57-NFPA [ Section No ] Where practicable, movable or rotating objects on roofs shall be placed in a zone of protection such as by the use of using properly supported long air terminals or lightning protection masts. Supplemental Information File Name FR-57.docx Description FR-57 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 11:39:45 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC makes editorial change of PI-133 with technical clarification of PI-222 while omitting the vague, undefined, non-editorial proposal to add or similar at the end of the clause. Public Input No. 133-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 222-NFPA [Section No ]

52 FR Where practicable, movable or rotating objects on roofs shall be placed in a zone of protection such as by the use of using properly supported long air terminals or lightning protection masts.

53 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 58-NFPA [ Section No ] Where the sphere is tangent to earth and resting against a strike termination device, all space in the vertical plane between the two points of contact and under the sphere shall be considered to be in the zone of protection. (See Figure ) Figure Single Mast Zone of Protection (a) and Overhead Ground Wires Zone of Protection (b). Supplemental Information File Name Description FR-58.pdf Figure FR-58.docx FR-58 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 11:44:54 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC relocates Figure to Chapter 4 and removes the reference call out of 100 ft to illustrate the more general concept. See FR-146. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Sep 24, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Blank rectangles in submitters drawing relate that text is deleted. Sep 24, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Empty blocks on submitter's have no text or dimention. Delete vertical dimension line in the left figure. Oct 15, 2014 Barbosa COMP: Add TView comment See FR-146 Oct 15, 2014 Barbosa COMP: When replacing graphic, make sure to do so without track changes turned on Public Input No. 291-NFPA [Section No ]

54 FR Where the sphere is tangent to earth and resting against a strike termination device, all space in the vertical plane between the two points of contact and under the sphere shall be considered to be in the zone of protection (see Figure ). FIGURE Single Mast Zone of Protection (a) and Overhead Ground Wires Zone of Protection (b).

55

56 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 59-NFPA [ Section No ] Such pockets, often formed at low-positioned chimneys, dormers, or other projections on sloped roofs or at parapet walls, shall be provided with a down conductor from the base of the pocket to ground or to an adjacent downlead down conductor, as shown in Figure Figure Pockets. Supplemental Information File Name FR-59.docx Description FR-59 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 12:03:43 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text as the correct term is "down conductor." Response Message: Public Input No. 274-NFPA [Section No ]

57 FR Such pockets, often formed at low-positioned chimneys, dormers, or other projections on sloped roofs or at parapet walls, shall be provided with a down conductor from the base of the pocket to ground or to an adjacent downlead down conductor, as shown in Figure Figure Pockets.

58 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 60-NFPA [ Section No ] The total number of down conductors on structures having flat or gently sloping roofs shall be such that the average distance between all down conductors along the perimeter of the structure does not exceed 100 ft (30 m). Supplemental Information File Name FR-60.docx Description FR-60 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 12:06:13 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds "along the perimeter of the structure" for clarity. Response Message: Public Input No. 275-NFPA [Section No ]

59 FR The total number of down conductors on structures having flat or gently sloping roofs shall be such that the average distance between all down conductors along the perimeter of the structure does not exceed 100 ft (30 m).

60 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 61-NFPA [ Section No ] In the case of long, vertical, metallic members, an additional connection shall be made at intervals not exceeding 200 ft (60 m). Supplemental Information File Name FR-61.docx Description FR-61 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 12:52:18 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies that bonding is not required for non-metallic members. Response Message: Public Input No. 273-NFPA [Section No ]

61 FR In the case of long vertical metallic members, an additional connection shall be made at intervals not exceeding 200 ft (60 m).

62 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 62-NFPA [ Section No ] Attached Attachment by nails, screws, bolts, or adhesive shall be permitted to be used as necessary, the fasteners shall not be subject to breakage. Supplemental Information File Name FR-62.docx Description FR-62 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 12:58:17 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text to comply with the Manual of Style, Paragraph The TC adds requirements pertaining to roofing membranes. The TC reorders paragraphs through Response Message: Public Input No. 172-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 173-NFPA [New Section after ]

63 FR Attached Attachment by nails, screws, bolts, or adhesive as necessary, the shall be permitted to be used as necessary The fasteners shall not be subject to breakage Roofing membrane strapped over the conductor shall not be considered a suitable fastener Fasteners shall be of the same materials as the conductor or of a material equally resistant to corrosion as that of the conductor No combination of materials shall be used that will form an electrolytic couple of such a nature that, in the presence of moisture, corrosion will be accelerated.

64 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 63-NFPA [ Section No ] 4.12 Connector Fittings. Connector fittings shall be used at all end-to-end, tee, or Y, or parallel splices of lightning conductors Fittings shall be attached so as to withstand a pull test of 200 lb (890 N) Fittings used for required connections to metal bodies in or on a structure shall be secured to the metal body by bolting, brazing, welding, screwing, or high-compression connectors listed for the purpose Conductor connections shall be of the bolted, welded, high compression high-compression, or crimp type Crimp-type connections shall not be used with Class II conductors. Supplemental Information File Name FR-63.docx Description FR-63 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 13:07:12 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies the text by adding the word "parallel." Response Message: Public Input No. 22-NFPA [Section No. 4.12]

65 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 81-NFPA [ Section No ] Each down conductor shall terminate at into a grounding electrode dedicated to the lightning protection system or to a grounding electrode system in the case of a building, structure, or facility that has multiple grounding electrodes that are bonded together with a ground ring electrode sized in accordance with to form the grounding electrode system. system using one of the following methods: (1) A grounding electrode dedicated to the lightning protection system (2) A grounding electrode system composed of a ground ring electrode as described in (3) A grounding system composed of a ground ring electrode as described in , supplemented by multiple grounding electrodes Supplemental Information File Name FR_81_Annex_text.docx FR-81.docx Description FR-81 FR-81 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 10:54:29 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee The TC revises the text to clarify the application of the intended requirements. Statement: The TC adds annex text to to recommend installation of access wells, hand-holes or similar means to allow for future inspection, testing or maintenance of the down conductors and grounding electrodes. Response Message: Public Input No. 134-NFPA [Section No ]

66 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 82-NFPA [ Section No ] Ground Rod Depth The ground rods shall extend vertically not less than 10 ft (3 m) into the earth, as illustrated in Figure Figure Typical Single Ground Rod Installation.

67 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM The earth shall be compacted and made tight against the length of the conductor and ground rod, as illustrated in Figure Figure Typical Single Ground Rod Installation. Supplemental Information File Name FR-82.docx Description FR-82 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ]

68 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 11:01:00 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: Figure provides an illustration of the requirement in instead of The TC corrects the error.

69 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 83-NFPA [ New Section after ] A test or connection point shall be provided on each concrete-encased electrode to enable periodic maintenance and testing of the ground system. (See Figure ) Figure Typical Concrete-Encased Electrode Test and Disconnect Point. Supplemental Information File Name Description FR-83.pdf Figure Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 11:04:23 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds text and a figure pertaining to a means to test at a concrete-encased electrode. Response Message: Public Input No. 226-NFPA [New Section after ]

70 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 84-NFPA [ Section No ] The encased electrode shall consist of one of the following: (1) Not less than 20 ft (6 m) of bare copper main-size conductor (2) At least 20 ft (6 m) of one or more steel reinforcing bars or rods not less than 1 2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter that have been effectively bonded together by either welding, structural mechanical coupling, or overlapping 20 diameters and wire tying Supplemental Information File Name FR-84.docx Description FR-84 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 11:13:48 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The change reflects the opinion of the TC that mechanical coupling of reinforcing steel within concrete is an accepted practice and may be used as an alternative method to provide electrical continuity between steel reinforcing bars. The TC modification adds clarification that mechanical coupling is specific to the structural members (i.e. reinforcing steel). Response Message: Public Input No. 225-NFPA [Section No ]

71 FR The encased electrode shall consist of one of the following: (1) Not less than 20 ft (6 m) of bare copper main-size conductor (2) At least 20 ft (6 m) of one or more steel reinforcing bars or rods not less than 1 2 in. (12.7 mm) in diameter that have been effectively bonded together by either welding, structural mechanical coupling or overlapping 20 diameters and wire tying

72 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 85-NFPA [ Section No ] Where the methods described in through are found to be impractical due to topsoil depth is less than 18 in. ( mm), it shall be permitted to provide a ground terminal ring electrode, radials, and/or ground plate electrodes buried at the maximum depth of topsoil available. Supplemental Information File Name FR-85.docx Description FR-85 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 11:16:12 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC revises the wording to be more concise in identifying that where shallow topsoil conditions exist, ground ring electrodes, radials, and/or ground plate electrodes may be buried at the maximum depth of topsoil available. Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 15, 2014 Barbosa COMP: Add TView comment See FR-87 Public Input No. 170-NFPA [Section No ]

73 FR Where the methods described in through are found to be impractical due to topsoil depth is less than 18 in. (460 mm), it shall be permitted to provide a ground terminal ring electrode, radials and/or ground plate electrodes buried at the maximum depth of topsoil available.

74 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 87-NFPA [ Section No ] * The ground terminal grounding electrode for shallow topsoil shall be either a ground ring electrode, in accordance with , a minimum distance of 2 ft (0.6 m) from the foundation or exterior footing; radial(s) in accordance with ; or a plate electrode, in accordance with , a minimum distance of 2 ft (0.6 m) from the foundation or exterior footing. The ground ring electrode, radial(s), or plate electrode shall be buried at the maximum depth of topsoil available. one or more of the following, buried to the maximum depth of topsoil available: (1) A ground ring electrode, in accordance with , a minimum distance of 2 ft (0.6 m) from the foundation or exterior footing (2) Radial(s) in accordance with (3) A plate electrode in accordance with , a minimum distance of 2 ft (0.6 m) from the foundation or exterior footing Supplemental Information File Name FR-87.docx Description FR-87 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 12:42:20 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC revises the text by replacing ground terminal with grounding electrode. The last clause is relocated to Paragraph See FR-85. Response Message: Public Input No. 174-NFPA [Section No ]

75 FR * The grounding electrode ground terminal for shallow topsoil shall be one or more of the following, buried to the maximum depth of topsoil available: either a (1) A ground ring electrode, in accordance with , a minimum distance of 2 ft (0.6 m) from the foundation or exterior footing; (2) Radial(s) radial(s) in accordance with ; or (3) A a plate electrode, in accordance with , a minimum distance of 2 ft (0.6 m) from the foundation or exterior footing. The ground ring electrode, radial(s), or plate electrode shall be buried at the maximum depth of topsoil available.

76 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 90-NFPA [ Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ] This subsection shall cover the bonding Bonding of grounded metal bodies not covered in shall be accomplished in accordance with through Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 13:24:13 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC makes editorial changes to clarify the intent of the requirements. Response Message: Public Input No. 175-NFPA [Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections]]

77 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 91-NFPA [ Sections , , ] Grounded metal bodies that maintain a separation distance from the lightning protection system components that is greater than the distance calculated using the bonding distance formulas in or shall be considered isolated and require no further bonding except for that required by Sections 4.14 and Structures More Than 40 ft (12 m) in Height Grounded metal bodies shall be bonded to the lightning protection system where located within a calculated bonding distance, D, as determined by the following formula: [ ] where: D = calculated bonding distance h = vertical distance between the bond under consideration and the nearest interconnection to the lightning protection system or ground n = value related to the number of down conductors that are spaced at least 25 ft (7.6 m) apart, located within a zone of 100 ft (30 m) from the bond in question and where bonding is required within 60 ft (18 m) from the top of any structure K = 1 if the flashover is through air; 0.50 if through dense material such as concrete, brick, wood, and so forth m The value n shall be calculated as follows: n = 1 where there is only one down conductor in this zone; n = 1.5 where there are only two down conductors in this zone; n = 2.25 where there are three or more down conductors in this zone Where bonding is required below a level 60 ft (18 m) from the top of a structure, n shall be the total number of down conductors in the lightning protection system Structures 40 ft (12 m) and or Less in Height Grounded metal bodies shall be bonded to the lightning protection system where located within a calculated bonding distance, D, as determined by the following formula: [ ] where: D = calculated bonding distance h = either the height of the building or the vertical distance from the nearest bonding connection from the grounded metal body to the lightning protection system and the point on the down conductor where the bonding connection is being considered n = value related to the number of down conductors that are spaced at least 25 ft (7.6 m) apart and located within a zone of 100 ft (30 m) from the bond in question K = 1 if the flashover is through air; 0.50 if through dense material such as concrete, brick, wood, and so forth m The value n shall be calculated as follows: n = 1 where there is only one down conductor in this zone; n = 1.5 where there are only two down conductors in this zone; n = 2.25 where there are three or more down conductors in this zone. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 13:29:49 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text to clarify the terms isolated and separation distance. The TC also edits the text for clarity.

78 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Response Message: Public Input No. 193-NFPA [Sections , , ]

79 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 13:41:28 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC removes the word "isolated" and changes it to "ungrounded." The term "isolated" is designated for metal bodies at a separation distance beyond the bonding calculation requirements, or not located within the calculated sideflash distance. Response Message: Public Input No. 189-NFPA [Section No. A ] Public Input No. 185-NFPA [Section No ]

80 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 92-NFPA [ Section No ] * Isolated (Ungrounded) Ungrounded Metallic Bodies The effect due to isolated (ungrounded) ungrounded metallic bodies shall be determined by using Figure according to either or Figure Effect of Isolated (Ungrounded) Ungrounded Metallic Bodies, Such as a Window Frame, in Nonconductive Media If a + b is less than the calculated bonding distance, then A shall be bonded to B directly If a + b is greater than the calculated bonding distance, bonds shall not be required A bonding connection shall be required where the total of the shortest distance between the lightning conductor and the isolated ungrounded metal body and the shortest distance between the isolated ungrounded metal body and the grounded metal body is equal to or less than the bonding distance as calculated in accordance with Bonding connections shall be made between the lightning protection system and the grounded metal body The bonding connection shall be permitted to be made directly to the grounded metal body The bonding connection shall be permitted to be made from the lightning protection system to the isolated ungrounded metal body and from the isolated metal body to the grounded metal body. Supplemental Information File Name FR_92_Annex_text.docx FR-92.docx Description FR-92 Annex text. FR-92 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip:

81 FR * Isolated (Ungrounded) Metallic Bodies The effect due to isolated (ungrounded) to ungrounded metallic bodies shall be determined by using Figure according to either or If a + b is less than the calculated bonding distance, then A shall be bonded to B directly If a + b is greater than the calculated bonding distance, bonds shall not be required A bonding connection shall be required where the total of the shortest distance between the lightning conductor and the isolated the ungrounded metal body and the shortest distance between the isolated the ungrounded metal body and the grounded metal body is equal to or less than the bonding distance as calculated in accordance with Bonding connections shall be made between the lightning protection system and the grounded metal body The bonding connection shall be permitted to be made directly to the grounded metal body The bonding connection shall be permitted to be made from the lightning protection system to the isolated the ungrounded metal body and from the isolated metal body to the grounded metal body. FIGURE Effect of Isolated (Ungrounded) of Ungrounded Metallic Bodies, Such as a Window Frame, in Nonconductive Media.

82 FR_92 Annex text A An isolated An ungrounded metallic body, such as a metal window frame in a nonconducting medium, that is located close to a lightning conductor and to a grounded metal body will influence bonding requirements only if the total of the isolated distances the distances between the lightning conductor and the isolated the ungrounded metal body and between the isolated the ungrounded metal body and the grounded metal body is equal to or less than the calculated bonding distance.

83 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 94-NFPA [ Section No ] 4.17* Metal Antenna Masts and Supports. Metal antenna masts or supports located on a protected structure shall be connected to the lightning protection system using main-size conductors and listed fittings unless they are within a zone of protection. Supplemental Information File Name FR_94_Annex_text.docx FR-94.docx Description FR-94 Annex text. FR-94 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 16:09:02 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC provides annex text and gives guidance that bonding an antenna mast will not protect the antenna and communications equipment. Response Message: Public Input No. 281-NFPA [New Section after A ] Public Input No. 282-NFPA [Section No. 4.17]

84 FR * Metal Antenna Masts and Supports. Metal antenna masts or supports located on a protected structure shall be connected to the lightning protection system using main-size conductors and listed fittings unless they are within a zone of protection.

85 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 145-NFPA [ Sections , ] Zero Property Line Conditions. The lack of access to property outside the building footprint shall require additional considerations for grounding electrodes * Grounding electrodes located under basement slabs or in crawl spaces shall be installed as near as practicable to the outside perimeter of the structure Ground rods in accordance with , ground ring electrodes in accordance with , radials in accordance with , or ground plate electrodes in accordance with shall be installed below the structure in compacted earth and made tight against the electrode Where earth depth under the building is insufficient to meet electrode placement requirements, concrete-encased electrodes or the requirements for shallow topsoil shall be used Grounding Electrodes. Grounding electrodes for concealed systems shall comply with Section Grounding electrodes located under basement slabs or in crawl spaces shall be installed as near as practicable to the outside perimeter of the structure Where rod or cable conductors are used for grounding electrodes, they shall be in contact with the earth for a minimum of 10 ft (3 m). Supplemental Information File Name Description FR_145.docx FR-145 text (moving to ) FR_145_Annex_text.docx FR-145 Annex text Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Oct 03 14:54:03 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC deletes , and A as these are relocated as , and A with edits. The TC adds text to address zero property line situations that are not currently addressed in the standard. Response Message: Public Input No. 178-NFPA [New Section after ] Public Input No. 180-NFPA [Sections , ] Public Input No. 181-NFPA [Section No. A ] Public Input No. 161-NFPA [Section No. A ]

86 FR_14588 Annex text A It is preferable that grounding electrodes be located no closer than 2 ft (0.6 m) from foundation walls to minimize the probability of damage to the foundation, although this is not always practicable for all applications. For reference, IEC , Protection Against Lightning, requires that ring earth electrodes be buried at a depth of at least 18 in. (460 mm) and a distance of approximately 3 ft (0.9 m) around external walls. Note: The metric equivalent values given above are the values cited in the IEC standard.

87 FR Zero Property Line Conditions. The lackingof access to property outside the building footprint shall require additional considerations for grounding electrodes * Grounding electrodes located under basement slabs or in crawl spaces shall be installed as near as practicable to the outside perimeter of the structure Ground rods in accordance with , ground ring electrodes in accordance with , radials in accordance with , or ground plate electrodes in accordance with shall be installed below the structure in earth compacted and made tight against the electrode Where earth depth under the building is insufficient to meet electrode placement requirements, concrete-encased electrodes or the requirements for shallow topsoil shall be used.

88 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 95-NFPA [ Section No ] Drilling and tapping the metal column framework to accept a threaded connector also shall be permitted. Supplemental Information File Name FR-95.docx Description FR-95 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 16:14:58 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text to cover those cases where the connection has to be made at the roof level. Response Message: Public Input No. 139-NFPA [Section No ]

89 FR Drilling and tapping the metal column framework to accept a threaded connector also shall be permitted.

90 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 96-NFPA [ Section No ] Grounding Electrodes Grounding electrodes shall be connected to steel columns around the perimeter of the structure the structural metal framework at intervals around the perimeter averaging not more than 60 ft (18 m) Connections shall be made near as close as practicable to the base of the column structural metal framework in accordance with the requirements in Supplemental Information File Name FR-96.docx Description FR-96 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 16:16:35 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC confirms that the intent is to make the connections at or near grade level and provides for those cases where the base of the column is not at grade level. The TC edits the text for clarity. Public Input No. 140-NFPA [Section No ]

91 FR Grounding Electrodes Grounding electrodes shall be connected to steel columns around the perimeter of the structure structural metal framework at intervals around the perimeter averaging not more than 60 ft (18 m) Connections shall be made near as close as practicable to the base of the structural metal framework column in accordance with the requirements in

92 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 17-NFPA [ Section No ] If the point of grounding in is more than 20 ft (6 m) away, a supplementary ground reference point shall be installed at the SPD location. Acceptable supplementary ground reference points shall be permitted as follows: (1) Equipotential ground bus bar (2) Structural steel for a structural steel frame building metal framework in accordance with (3) Ground reference at a secondary power distribution panel Supplemental Information File Name FR-17.docx Description FR-17 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 11:55:09 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text for clarity and to ensure the user is aware of the requirements of Paragraph Response Message: Public Input No. 141-NFPA [Section No ]

93 FR If the point of grounding in is more than 20 ft (6 m) away, a supplementary ground reference point shall be installed at the SPD location. Acceptable supplementary ground reference points shall be permitted as follows: (1) Equipotential ground bus bar (2) Structural metal framework in accordance with steel for a structural steel frame building (3) Ground reference at a secondary power distribution panel

94 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 65-NFPA [ New Section after ] 5.9 Fabric Structures Fabric structures shall be protected in accordance with Chapter If a fabric structure has a metal frame, the metal frame shall be bonded to the lightning protection system If the structural metal framing is at least 1 / 8 in. (3 mm) thick, the framing shall be permitted to be used as main-size conductors Grounding systems shall be installed in accordance with Chapter 4 and in accordance with or to mitigate the threat of step potential All of the following shall be satisfied: (1) Fabric structures that have a fabric or earth floor shall have a ground loop conductor. (2) Fabric structures that have electrically continuous metal framing around the perimeter of the structure shall be permitted to be used as the ground loop conductor if it is at least 1 / in. (3 mm) thick. 8 (3) Fabric structures that have a fabric or earth floor shall have a minimum of two radial grounding electrodes installed at opposing corners. (4) Fabric structures that have a fabric or earth floor shall have one radial electrode for every 60 ft (18 m) of protected perimeter, of portion thereof, in accordance with A ground grid shall be installed under the fabric structure. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 13:50:15 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds new requirements for the installation of fabric structures. Response Message: Public Input No. 221-NFPA [New Section after 5.8.7]

95 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 149-NFPA [ Section No. 6.1 ] 6.1 General. A smoke or vent stack as shown in Figure 6.1 shall be classified as heavy duty if the cross-sectional area of the flue is greater than 500 in. 2 (0.3 m 2 ) and the height is greater than 75 ft (23 m), above ground level. Figure 6.1 Heavy-Duty Stack. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: Richard Roux Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Dec 12 16:21:03 EST 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes

96 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Committee Statement: The TC clarifies adds ground level as the heavy-duty stack reference. Response Message: Public Input No. 36-NFPA [Section No. 6.1]

97 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 67-NFPA [ Section No ] Isolated (Ungrounded) Protruding Metal Bodies. Isolated (ungrounded) protruding Protruding metal bodies shall be bonded in accordance with through Exterior Isolated protruding Protruding metal bodies 150 ft ( 46 m 45 m ) or more above the base and on the exterior of a stack are subject to a direct strike and shall be interconnected to the lightning protection system Isolated protruding Protruding metal bodies shall include, but not be limited to, rest platforms, jib hoists, and other metal bodies protruding 18 in. ( 460 mm 450 mm ) or more from the column wall Interior. Isolated metal Metal bodies on the interior of a reinforced steel stack or within the zone of protection on the exterior shall not be required to be connected to the lightning protection system. Global FR-47 Global FR-5 Supplemental Information File Name FR-67.docx Description FR-67 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 15:56:41 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC changes "isolated (ungrounded)" to "protruding metal bodies" for clarity. Response Message: Public Input No. 186-NFPA [Section No ]

98 FR Isolated (Ungrounded) Protruding Metal Bodies. Isolated (ungrounded) protruding metal bodies shall be bonded in accordance with through Exterior Isolated protruding Protruding metal bodies 150 ft (46 m) or more above the base and on the exterior of a stack are subject to a direct strike and shall be interconnected to the lightning protection system Isolated protruding Protruding metal bodies shall include, but not be limited to, rest platforms, jib hoists, and other metal bodies protruding 18 in. (460 mm) or more from the column wall Interior. Isolated metal Metal bodies on the interior of a reinforced steel stack or within the zone of protection on the exterior shall not be required to be connected to the lightning protection system.

99 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 146-NFPA [ Chapter 7 ] Chapter 7 Protection for Structures Containing Flammable Vapors, Flammable Gases, or Liquids That Can Give Off Flammable Vapors 7.1* Reduction of Damage Applicability Application. This chapter shall apply to the protection of structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that give off flammable vapors This chapter shall apply to the protection of structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that give off flammable vapors For the purpose of this chapter, the term structure shall apply to any outdoor vessel, tank, or other container where this material is contained * Certain types of structures used for the storage of liquids that produce flammable vapors or used to store flammable gases are essentially self-protecting against damage from lightning strokes and shall need no additional protection. The retroactivity requirements of Section 1.4 shall be permitted to be applicable to the requirements of this chapter Metallic structures that are electrically continuous; tightly sealed to prevent the escape of liquids, vapors, or gases; and of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) thickness or greater to withstand direct strikes in accordance with shall be considered to be inherently self-protecting Protection of other structures shall be achieved by the use of strike termination devices Because of the nature of the contents of the structures considered in this chapter, extra precautions shall be taken. 7.2 Fundamental Principles of Protection. Protection of these structures and their contents from lightning damage shall require adherence to the principles of through Protection of structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that give off flammable vapors and their contents from lightning damage shall be required to comply with through * Minimization of Exposure to Hazardous (Classified) Locations. Liquids that give off flammable vapors shall be stored in essentially gastight structures. A primary means to reduce the ignition of flammable vapors shall be to minimize the exposure of locations that experience a direct strike or secondary arcing. Flammable air vapor mixtures shall be prevented, to the greatest possible extent, from accumulating outside such structures Openings where flammable concentrations of vapor or gas escape to the atmosphere shall be closed or otherwise protected against the entrance of flame Structures and all appurtenances (e.g., gauge hatches, vent valves, floating roof seals) shall be maintained in operating condition Inherent Protection. Openings where flammable concentrations of vapor or gas escape to the atmosphere shall be closed or otherwise protected against the entrance of flame. Metallic structures that are electrically continuous; tightly sealed to prevent the escape of liquids, vapors, or gases; and of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) thickness or greater to withstand direct strikes shall be considered to be inherently self-protecting Lightning Protection System. Structures and all appurtenances (e.g., gauge hatches, vent valves) shall be maintained in operating condition. Protection of structures not considered inherently protected as per shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of Section 7.3 except as modified by requirements for specific types of structures (see Section 7.4 ) Flammable air vapor mixtures shall be prevented, to the greatest possible extent, from accumulating outside such structures Potential spark gaps between conductive surfaces shall not be allowed at points where flammable vapors escape or accumulate. 7.3 Protective Measures Materials and Installation. Conductors, strike termination devices, surge protection, and grounding connections shall be selected and installed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 4and as described except as modified in this chapter Zone of Protection for Masts and Overhead Ground Wires. The zone of protection for structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that can give off flammable vapors shall be based on a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m) or less.

100 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM The zone of protection of a lightning protection mast shall be based on the striking distance of the lightning stroke Since the lightning stroke can strike any grounded object within the striking distance of the point from which final breakdown to ground occurs, the zone of protection shall be defined by a circular arc concave upward, shown in part (a) of Figure Figure Single Mast Zone of Protection (a) and Overhead Ground Wires Zone of Protection (b) The radius of the arc is the striking distance, and the arc shall pass through the tip of the mast and be tangent to the ground Where more than one mast is used, the arc shall pass through the tips of adjacent masts, as shown in part (b) of Figure and in Figure The distance can be determined analytically for a 100 ft (30 m) striking distance with the following equation (units shall be consistent, ft or m): where: d = horizontal protected distance h 1 = height of the higher mast R = rolling sphere radius [100 ft (30 m)] h 2 = height of the lower mast Figure Zone of Protection 100 ft (30 m) Utilizing Rolling Sphere Method The zone of protection shall be based on a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m) or less Overhead Ground Wire The zone of protection of an overhead ground wire shall be based on a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m) and defined by 100 ft (30 m) radius arcs concave upward. [See part (b) of Figure ] The supporting masts shall have a clearance from the protected structure in accordance with The masts or overhead ground wires shall be grounded and interconnected with the grounding system of the structure to be protected The grounding requirements of Chapter 4 shall apply.

101 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Alternative Grounding Methods Masts of wood, used either separately or with ground wires, shall have an air terminal extending at least 2 ft (0.6 m) above the top of the pole, attached to the pole as in Figure , and connected to the grounding system. Figure Alternative Grounding Methods for Overhead Ground Wire Protection As an alternative, an overhead ground wire or a down conductor, extending above or across the top of the pole, shall be permitted to be used In the case of an overhead ground wire system, the pole guy wire shall be permitted to be used as the down conductor, provided the guy meets the requirement of For grounded metallic masts, the air terminal and the down conductor shall not be required Strike Termination Devices Strike termination devices shall be in accordance with Section * The placement of strike termination devices shall take into consideration that it is possible for sparks or damaging impact to occur at the striking point Down Conductors Down conductors shall be installed in accordance with except as modified in this chapter Down conductors shall be installed external to the hazardous (classified) location where practicable Where it is not practicable to install down conductors external to the hazardous location it shall be ensured that the auto-ignition temperature for the gas or vapor causing the hazardous environment is not exceeded Bonding. The potential equalization system design and minimum installation requirements of Section 4.14 through Section 4.16 shall be exceeded as required to ensure there are no melting or spraying effects except at the lightning attachment point Surge Protection Surge protection shall be provided for equipment and services in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.20 and NFPA Surge protective devices shall be positioned outside a hazardous area where practicable Surge protective devices positioned inside a hazardous area shall be approved for the hazardous area in which they are installed * Grounding. A ground ring electrode or ground loop conductor supplemented by grounding electrodes as identified in through shall be provided for structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that can give off flammable vapors. 7.4 Protection of Specific Classes of Structures Aboveground Tanks at Atmospheric Pressure Containing Flammable Vapors or Liquids That Give Off Flammable Vapors Operating Facilities (Nonstorage applications) Fixed Roof Tanks (Metallic) and Tanks with Internal Floating Roofs. Shunts or bypass conductors shall not be mandatory for lightning protection for fixed roof and internal floating roof tanks. Structures containing hazardous (classified) locations used in nonstorage applications shall comply with the requirements of Section 7.3 unless justified by a lightning risk assessment * External Floating Roof Tanks.

102 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM For structures in which the hazardous (classified) location exists in only one part of the structure, it shall be permitted for a risk assessment to utilize the lightning protection zone (LPZ) concept in accordance with IEC , Protection Against Lightning Part 2: Risk Management Shunt Placement The shunt-to-shell contact point shall be submerged at least 1 ft (0.3 m) below the surface of the liquid product The shunt shall have as short and direct a path as possible from the conductive floating roof to the tank shell The shunts shall be spaced at intervals no greater than 10 ft (3 m) around the perimeter of the floating roof Above-deck shunts shall be removed when retrofitting existing tanks with submerged shunts Shunt Description The shunts shall consist of a flexible stainless steel conductor of at least in. 2 (20 mm 2 ) cross-sectional area or of other material conductors of equivalent current-carrying capacity and corrosion resistance The minimum width of the shunt shall be 2 in. (50 mm) The shunts shall be of the minimum length necessary to permit the function of the floating roof assembly The shunts shall be of the minimum length necessary to remain in contact with the shell during the full horizontal and vertical design movement of the floating roof The shunts and terminations shall be of sufficient flexibility, cross-sectional area, and corrosion resistance to maximize service life Bypass Conductors The tank s floating roof shall be bonded to the tank shell by direct electrical connection Each conductor, including connections, shall have a maximum end-to-end electrical resistance of 0.03 ohm The bypass conductor shall be of the minimum length necessary to permit full movement of the floating roof A minimum of two bypass conductors shall be evenly spaced not more than every 100 ft (30 m) around the tank circumference The bypass conductors and terminations shall be positioned and of sufficient flexibility, cross-sectional area, and corrosion resistance to maximize service life Parallel Conducting Paths (Seal Assembly from the Floating Roof Tank) Any non fully submerged conductive seal assembly components, including springs, scissor assemblies, and seal membranes, shall be electrically insulated from the tank roof The insulation level shall be rated 1 kv or greater Insulation of Gauge or Guide Poles Any gauge or guide pole components or assemblies that penetrate the tank s floating roof shall be electrically insulated from the tank s floating roof The insulation level shall be rated 1 kv or greater Metallic Tanks with Nonmetallic Roofs. Metallic tanks with wooden or other nonmetallic roofs shall not be considered self-protecting, even if the roof is essentially gastight and sheathed with thin metal and with all gas openings provided with flame protection Such tanks shall be provided with strike termination devices Such strike termination devices shall be bonded to each other, to the metallic sheathing, if any, and to the tank shell Isolated metal parts shall be bonded as required by Section 4.16.

103 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Any of the following strike termination devices shall be permitted to be used: Conducting masts Overhead ground wires Combination of masts and overhead ground wires Grounding Tanks Tanks shall be grounded to conduct away the current of direct strokes and the buildup and potential that cause sparks to ground A metal tank shall be grounded by one of the following methods: A tank shall be connected without insulated joints to a grounded metallic piping system. A vertical cylindrical tank shall rest on earth or concrete and shall be at least 20 ft (6 m) in diameter, or shall rest on bituminous pavement and shall be at least 50 ft (15 m) in diameter. A tank shall be bonded to ground through a minimum of two grounding electrodes, as described in Section 4.13, at maximum 100 ft (30 m) intervals along the perimeter of the tank. A tank installation using an insulating membrane beneath for environmental or other reasons shall be grounded as in (3) Earthen Containers at Atmospheric Pressure Containing Flammable Vapors or Liquids That Give Off Flammable Vapors Storage Tanks Under Pressure Lined or unlined earthen containers with combustible roofs that enclose flammable vapors or liquids that can give off flammable vapors shall be protected by air terminals, separate masts, overhead ground wires, or a combination of these devices. It shall be permitted for the authority having jurisdiction to waive the requirements of this chapter for sealed metallic tanks, vessels, and process equipment that contain flammable or combustible liquids or flammable gases under pressure provided the vessel is grounded (either inherently or by external means) and the walls of the vessel are greater than 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) thick to prevent puncture by a direct strike Aboveground nonmetallic tanks shall be protected as described in The exposure of any valves or other appurtenances to a direct strike or secondary arcing shall be considered in the determination of the need for protection Aboveground Tanks at Atmospheric Pressure Containing Flammable Vapors or Liquids That Give Off Flammable Vapors * Fixed Roof Tanks (Metallic) and Tanks with Internal Floating Roofs. Sliding or fixed contact conductors shall not be mandatory for lightning protection for fixed roof and internal floating roof tanks External Floating Roof Tanks * Sliding Contacts. Sliding contacts shall consist of either metallic primary shoe seals or shunts Metallic primary shoe seals shall be electrically bonded to the floating roof either inherently through design and construction or by a minimum of one Class I lightning protection conductor or equivalent at each end of each shoe If nonconductive primary seals are installed, shunts shall be installed * Shunts The shunt shall have as short and direct a path as possible from the conductive floating roof to the tank shell The shunts shall be spaced at intervals no greater than 10 ft (3 m) around the perimeter of the floating roof Above-deck shunts shall be removed when retrofitting existing tanks with submerged shunts The shunts shall consist of a flexible stainless steel conductor of at least in. 2 (20 mm 2 ) cross-sectional area or of other material conductors of equivalent current-carrying capacity and corrosion resistance The minimum width of the shunt shall be 2 in. (50 mm) The shunt-to-shell contact point shall be submerged at least 1 ft (0.3 m) below the surface of the liquid product Shunt Length. (A) The shunts shall be of the minimum length necessary to permit the function of the floating roof assembly.

104 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM (B) The shunts shall be of the minimum length necessary to remain in contact with the shell during the full horizontal and vertical design movement of the floating roof * The shunts and terminations shall be of sufficient flexibility, cross-sectional area, and corrosion resistance to maximize service life * Fixed Contacts The tank s floating roof shall be bonded to the tank shell by direct electrical connection such as a bypass conductor Each conductor, including connections, shall have a maximum end-to-end electrical resistance of 0.03 ohm The bypass conductor shall be of the minimum length necessary to permit full movement of the floating roof A minimum of two bypass conductors shall be evenly spaced not more than every 100 ft (30 m) around the tank circumference * The bypass conductors and terminations shall be positioned and of sufficient flexibility, cross-sectional area, and corrosion resistance to maximize service life A minimum of one bypass conductor shall be installed along and bonded to the rolling ladder, if installed The bypass conductor bonded to the rolling ladder shall be a continuous conductor bonded at one end to the floating roof and at the other end to the tank shell Parallel Conducting Paths (Seal Assembly from the Floating Roof Tank) Any non fully submerged conductive seal assembly components, including springs, scissor assemblies, and seal membranes, shall be electrically insulated from the tank roof The insulation level shall be rated 1 kv or greater Insulation of Gauge or Guide Poles Any gauge or guide pole components or assemblies that penetrate the tank s floating roof shall be electrically insulated from the tank s floating roof The insulation level shall be rated 1 kv or greater Metallic Tanks with Nonmetallic Roofs. Metallic tanks with wooden or other nonmetallic roofs shall not be considered self-protecting, even if the roof is essentially gastight and sheathed with thin metal and with all gas openings provided with flame protection Such tanks shall be provided with strike termination devices Such strike termination devices shall be bonded to each other, to the metallic sheathing, if any, and to the tank shell Metal bodies shall be bonded as required by Section Any of the following strike termination devices shall be permitted to be used: (1) Conducting masts (2) Overhead ground wires (3) Combination of masts and overhead ground wires Grounding Tanks Tanks shall be grounded to conduct away the current of direct strokes and the buildup and potential that cause sparks to ground.

105 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM A metal tank shall be grounded by one of the following methods: (1) A tank shall be connected without insulated joints to a grounded metallic piping system. (2) A vertical cylindrical tank shall rest on earth or concrete and shall be at least 20 ft (6 m) in diameter, or shall rest on bituminous pavement and shall be at least 50 ft (15 m) in diameter. (3) A tank shall be grounded through a minimum of two grounding electrodes, as described in Section 4.13, at maximum 100 ft (30 m) intervals along the perimeter of the tank. (4) A tank installation using an insulating membrane beneath for environmental or other reasons shall be grounded as in (3) Earthen Containers at Atmospheric Pressure Containing Flammable Vapors or Liquids That Give Off Flammable Vapors Lined or unlined earthen containers with combustible roofs that enclose flammable vapors or liquids that can give off flammable vapors shall be protected by air terminals, separate masts, overhead ground wires, or a combination of these devices Aboveground nonmetallic tanks shall be protected as described in Supplemental Information File Name 780_Chapter_7_compare.docx 780_Chapter_7-clean.docx FR_146_Annex_text.docx Description Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: slbarbosa@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: Sonia Barbosa Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Oct 28 14:41:57 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC provides a complete rewrite for Chapter 7. The TC relocates Figure to Chapter 4. See FR-58. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 28, 2014 Sonia Barbosa See attached file for legislative changes and clean version of Ch 7 Public Input No. 119-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 187-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 218-NFPA [Sections 7.1, 7.2, 7.3] Public Input No. 220-NFPA [Sections A.7.1.1, A.7.1.3, A ]

106 FR_14588 Annex text A It is preferable that grounding electrodes be located no closer than 2 ft (0.6 m) from foundation walls to minimize the probability of damage to the foundation, although this is not always practicable for all applications. For reference, IEC , Protection Against Lightning, requires that ring earth electrodes be buried at a depth of at least 18 in. (460 mm) and a distance of approximately 3 ft (0.9 m) around external walls. Note: The metric equivalent values given above are the values cited in the IEC standard.

107 Chapter 7 Protection for Structures Containing Flammable Vapors, Flammable Gases, or Liquids That Can Give Off Flammable Vapors 7.1* Applicability This chapter shall apply to the protection of structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that give off flammable vapors * The retroactivity requirements of Section 1.4 shall be permitted to be applicable to the requirements of this chapter. 7.2 Principles of Protection. Protection of structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that give off flammable vapors and their contents from lightning damage shall be required to comply with through * Minimization of Exposure to Hazardous (Classified) Locations. A primary means to reduce the ignition of flammable vapors shall be to minimize the exposure of these environments to locations that experience a direct strike or secondary arcing. Flammable air vapor mixtures shall be prevented, to the greatest possible extent, from accumulating outside such structures Openings where flammable concentrations of vapor or gas escape to the atmosphere shall be closed or otherwise protected against the entrance of flame Structures and all appurtenances (e.g., gauge hatches, vent valves, floating roof seals) shall be maintained in operating condition Inherent Protection. Metallic structures that are electrically continuous; tightly sealed to prevent the escape of liquids, vapors, or gases; and of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) thickness or greater to withstand direct strikes shall be considered to be inherently self-protecting Lightning Protection System. Protection of structures not considered inherently protected as per shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of Section 7.3 except as modified by requirements for specific types of structures (see Section 7.4). 7.3 Protective Measures Materials and Installation. Conductors, strike termination devices, surge protection, and grounding connections shall be selected and installed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 4 except as modified in this chapter Zone of Protection. The zone of protection for structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that can give off flammable vapors shall be based on a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m) or less Strike Termination Devices Strike termination devices shall be in accordance with * The placement of strike termination devices shall take into consideration that it is possible for sparks or damaging impact to occur at the striking point Down conductors Down conductors shall be installed in accordance with except as modified in this Chapter Down conductors shall be installed external to the hazardous (classified) location where practicable Where it is not practicable to install down conductors external to the hazardous location it shall be ensured that the auto-ignition temperature for the gas or vapor causing the hazardous environment is not exceeded.

108 7.3.5 Bonding The potential equalization system design and minimum installation requirements of Section 4.14 through Section 4.16 shall be exceeded as required to ensure there are no melting or spraying effects except at the lightning attachment point Surge Protection Surge protection shall be provided for equipment and services located within the ahazardous (classified) location in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.20 and NFPA Surge protective devices shall be positioned outside a the hazardous area where practicable Surge protective devices positioned inside a hazardous area shall be approved for the hazardous area in which they are installed * Grounding A ground ring electrode or ground loop conductor supplemented by grounding electrodes as identified in through shall be provided for structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that can give off flammable vapors. 7.4 Protection of Specific Classes of Structures Operating Facilities (non-storage applications) Structures containing hazardous (classified) locations used in non-storage applications shall comply with the requirements of Section 7.3 unless justified by a lightning risk assessment * For structures in which the hazardous (classified) location exists in only one part of the structure, it shall be permitted for a risk assessment to utilize the Lightning Protection Zone (LPZ) concept in accordance with IEC Storage Tanks Under Pressure It shall be permitted for the authority having jurisdiction to waive the requirements of this chapter for sealed metallic tanks, vessels, and process equipment that contain flammable or combustible liquids or flammable gases under pressure provided the vessel is grounded (either inherently or by external means) and the walls of the vessel are greater than 3/16 in. (4.8 mm) thick to prevent puncture by a direct strike The exposure of any valves or other appurtenances to a direct strike or secondary arcing shall be considered in the determination of the need for protection Aboveground Tanks at Atmospheric Pressure Containing Flammable Vapors or Liquids That Give Off Flammable Vapors * Fixed Roof Tanks (Metallic) and Tanks with Internal Floating Roofs. Sliding or fixed contact conductors shall not be mandatory for lightning protection for fixed roof and internal floating roof tanks External Floating Roof Tanks * Sliding contacts. Sliding contacts shall consist of either metallic primary shoe seals or shunts Metallic primary shoe seals shall be electrically bonded to the floating roof either inherently through design and construction or by a minimum of one Class I lightning protection conductor or equivalent at each end of each shoe If non-conductive primary seals are installed, shunts shall be installed * Shunts The shunt shall have as short and direct a path as possible from the conductive floating roof to the tank shell.

109 The shunts shall be spaced at intervals no greater than 10 ft (3 m) around the perimeter of the floating roof Above-deck shunts shall be removed when retrofitting existing tanks with submerged shunts The shunts shall consist of a flexible stainless steel conductor of at least in.2 (20 mm2) cross-sectional area or of other material conductors of equivalent current-carrying capacity and corrosion resistance The minimum width of the shunt shall be 2 in. (50 mm) The shunt-to-shell contact point shall be submerged at least 1 ft (0.3 m) below the surface of the liquid product Shunt Length The shunts shall be of the minimum length necessary to permit the function of the floating roof assembly The shunts shall be of the minimum length necessary to remain in contact with the shell during the full horizontal and vertical design movement of the floating roof * The shunts and terminations shall be of sufficient flexibility, cross-sectional area, and corrosion resistance to maximize service life * Fixed Contacts The tank s floating roof shall be bonded to the tank shell by direct electrical connection such as a bypass conductor Each conductor, including connections, shall have a maximum end-to-end electrical resistance of 0.03 ohm The bypass conductor shall be of the minimum length necessary to permit full movement of the floating roof A minimum of two bypass conductors shall be evenly spaced not more than every 100 ft (30 m) around the tank circumference * The bypass conductors and terminations shall be positioned and of sufficient flexibility, cross-sectional area, and corrosion resistance to maximize service life A minimum of one bypass conductor shall be installed along and bonded to the rolling ladder, if installed The bypass conductor bonded to the rolling ladder shall be a continuous conductor bonded at one end to the floating roof and at the other end to the tank shell Parallel Conducting Paths (Seal Assembly from the Floating Roof Tank) Any non fully submerged conductive seal assembly components, including springs, scissor assemblies, and seal membranes, shall be electrically insulated from the tank roof.

110 The insulation level shall be rated 1 kv or greater Insulation of Gauge or Guide Poles Any gauge or guide pole components or assemblies that penetrate the tank s floating roof shall be electrically insulated from the tank s floating roof The insulation level shall be rated 1 kv or greater Metallic Tanks with Nonmetallic Roofs. Metallic tanks with wooden or other nonmetallic roofs shall not be considered self-protecting, even if the roof is essentially gastight and sheathed with thin metal and with all gas openings provided with flame protection Such tanks shall be provided with strike termination devices Such strike termination devices shall be bonded to each other, to the metallic sheathing, if any, and to the tank shell Metal bodies shall be bonded as required by Section Any of the following strike termination devices shall be permitted to be used: (1) Conducting masts (2) Overhead ground wires (3) Combination of masts and overhead ground wires Grounding Tanks Tanks shall be grounded to conduct away the current of direct strokes and the buildup and potential that cause sparks to ground A metal tank shall be grounded by one of the following methods: (1) A tank shall be connected without insulated joints to a grounded metallic piping system. (2) A vertical cylindrical tank shall rest on earth or concrete and shall be at least 20 ft (6 m) in diameter, or shall rest on bituminous pavement and shall be at least 50 ft (15 m) in diameter. (3) A tank shall be grounded through a minimum of two grounding electrodes, as described in Section 4.13, at maximum 100 ft (30 m) intervals along the perimeter of

111 the tank. (4) Atank installation using an insulating membrane beneath for environmental or other reasons shall be grounded as in (3) Earthen Containers at Atmospheric Pressure Containing Flammable Vapors or Liquids That Give Off Flammable Vapors Lined or unlined earthen containers with combustible roofs that enclose flammable vapors or liquids that can give off flammable vapors shall be protected by air terminals, separate masts, overhead ground wires, or a combination of these devices Aboveground nonmetallic tanks shall be protected as described in

112 Chapter 7 Protection for Structures Containing Flammable Vapors, Flammable Gases, or Liquids That Can Give Off Flammable Vapors 7.1 Reduction of Damage* Applicability * Application This chapter shall apply to the protection of structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that give off flammable vapors * The retroactivity requirements of Section 1.2 For the purpose4 shall be permitted to be applicable to the requirements of this chapter, the term structure shall apply to any outdoor vessel, tank, or other container where this material is contained Certain types of structures used for the storage of liquids that produce flammable vapors or used to store flammable gases are essentially self-protecting against damage from lightning strokes and shall need no additional protection Metallic structures that are electrically continuous; tightly sealed to prevent the escape of liquids, vapors, or gases; and of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) thickness or greater to withstand direct strikes in accordance with 7.3.2shall be considered to be inherently self-protecting Protection of other structures shall be achieved by the use of strike termination devices * Because of the nature of the contents of the structures considered in this chapter, extra precautions shall be taken. 7.2 Fundamental Principles of Protection. Protection of these structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that give off flammable vapors and their contents from lightning damage shall require adherencebe required to the principles of comply with through * Minimization of Exposure to Hazardous (Classified) Locations. A primary means to reduce the ignition of flammable vapors shall be to minimize the exposure of these environments to locations that experience a direct strike or secondary arcing. Flammable air vapor mixtures shall be prevented, to the greatest possible extent, from accumulating outside such structures Liquids that give off flammable vapors shall be stored in essentially gastight structures Openings where flammable concentrations of vapor or gas escape to the atmosphere shall be closed or otherwise protected against the entrance of flame Structures and all appurtenances (e.g., gauge hatches, vent valves, floating roof seals) shall be maintained in operating condition Flammable air vapor mixtures shall be prevented, to the greatest possible extent, from accumulating outside such structures Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Font: Not Bold Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96)) Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96)) Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Normal (Web)

113 Potential spark gaps between conductive surfaces shall not be allowed at points where flammable vapors escape or accumulate. 7.3 Protective Measures Inherent Protection. Metallic structures that are electrically continuous; tightly sealed to prevent the escape of liquids, vapors, or gases; and of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) thickness or greater to withstand direct strikes shall be considered to be inherently self-protecting Lightning Protection System. Protection of structures not considered inherently protected as per shall be protected in accordance with the requirements of Section 7.3 except as modified by requirements for specific types of structures (see Section 7.4). 7.3 Protective Measures Materials and Installation. Conductors, strike termination devices, surge protection, and grounding connections shall be selected and installed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 4 and except as describedmodified in this chapter Zone of Protection for Masts and Overhead Ground Wires The zone of protection of a lightning protection mast shall be based on the striking distance of the lightning stroke Since the lightning strokefor structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that can strike any grounded object within the striking distance of the point from which final breakdown to ground occurs, the zone of protection shall be defined by a circular arc concave upward, shown in part (a) of Figure Figure Single Mast Zone of Protection (a) and Overhead Ground Wires Zone of Protection (b). Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96)) Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto

114 Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 10 pt, Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96)) The radius of the arc is the striking distance, and the arc shall pass through the tip of the mast and be tangent to the ground * Where more than one mast is used, the arc shall pass through the tips of adjacent masts, as shown in part (b) of Figure and in Figure The distance can be determined analytically for a 100 ft (30 m) striking distance with the following equation (units shall be consistent, ft or m): where: Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 10 pt, Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96)) d = horizontal protected distance h 1 = height of the higher mast R = rolling sphere radius [100 ft (30 m)] h 2 = height of the lower mast Figure Zone of Protection 100 ft (30 m) Utilizing Rolling Sphere Method.

115 Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 10 pt, Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96)) The zone of protectiongive off flammable vapors shall be based on a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m) or less Overhead Ground Wire3 Strike Termination Devices. Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt

116 The zone of protection of an overhead ground wirestrike termination devices shall be based on a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m) and defined by 100 ft (30 m) radius arcs concave upward. [See part (b) of Figure ]in accordance with The supporting masts shall have a clearance from the protected structure * The placement of strike termination devices shall take into consideration that it is possible for sparks or damaging impact to occur at the striking point Down conductors Down conductors shall be installed in accordance with The masts or overhead ground wires shall be grounded and interconnected with the grounding system of the structure to be protected The grounding requirements of 9.9 except as modified in this Chapter 4 shall apply Alternative Grounding Methods Masts of wood, used either separately or with ground wires, shall have an air terminal extending at least 2 ft (0.6 m) above the top of the pole, attached to the pole as in Figure , and connected to the grounding system. Figure Alternative Grounding Methods for Overhead Ground Wire Protection. Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Not Bold, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96)) Formatted: Normal (Web) Formatted: Font: (Default) Arial, 10 pt, Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96)) As an alternative, an overhead ground wire or a down conductor, extending above or across the top of the pole, shall be permitted to be used In the case of an overhead ground wire system, the pole guy wire shall be permitted to be used as the down conductor, provided the guy meets the requirement of

117 For grounded metallic masts, the air terminal and the down conductor shall not be required Down conductors shall be installed external to the hazardous (classified) location where practicable Where it is not practicable to install down conductors external to the hazardous location it shall be ensured that the auto-ignition temperature for the gas or vapor causing the hazardous environment is not exceeded Bonding The potential equalization system design and minimum installation requirements of Section 4.14 through Section 4.16 shall be exceeded as required to ensure there are no melting or spraying effects except at the lightning attachment point Surge Protection Surge protection shall be provided for equipment and services located within the ahazardous (classified) location in accordance with the requirements of Section 4.20 and NFPA Surge protective devices shall be positioned outside a the hazardous area where practicable Surge protective devices positioned inside a hazardous area shall be approved for the hazardous area in which they are installed * Grounding A ground ring electrode or ground loop conductor supplemented by grounding electrodes as identified in through shall be provided for structures containing flammable vapors, flammable gases, or liquids that can give off flammable vapors. 7.4 Protection of Specific Classes of Structures Operating Facilities (non-storage applications) Structures containing hazardous (classified) locations used in non-storage applications shall comply with the requirements of Section 7.3 unless justified by a lightning risk assessment * For structures in which the hazardous (classified) location exists in only one part of the structure, it shall be permitted for a risk assessment to utilize the Lightning Protection Zone (LPZ) concept in accordance with IEC Storage Tanks Under Pressure It shall be permitted for the authority having jurisdiction to waive the requirements of this chapter for sealed metallic tanks, vessels, and process equipment that contain flammable or combustible liquids or flammable gases under pressure provided the vessel is grounded (either inherently or by external means) and the walls of the vessel are greater than 3/16 in. (4.8 mm) thick to prevent puncture by a direct strike The exposure of any valves or other appurtenances to a direct strike or secondary arcing shall be considered in the determination of the need for protection Aboveground Tanks at Atmospheric Pressure Containing Flammable Vapors or Liquids That Give Off Flammable Vapors ** Fixed Roof Tanks (Metallic) and Tanks with Internal Floating Roofs. Shunts Sliding or bypassfixed contact conductors shall not be mandatory for lightning protection for fixed roof and internal floating roof tanks * External Floating Roof Tanks Shunt Placement Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt, Pattern: Clear (Custom Color(RGB(252,252,252))) Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt, Pattern: Clear (Custom Color(RGB(252,252,252))) Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt, Pattern: Clear (Custom Color(RGB(252,252,252))) Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: apple-converted-space, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Auto

118 The shunt-to-shell contact point shall be submerged * Sliding contacts. Sliding contacts shall consist of either metallic primary shoe seals or shunts Metallic primary shoe seals shall be electrically bonded to the floating roof either inherently through design and construction or by a minimum of one Class I lightning protection conductor or equivalent at each end of each shoe If non-conductive primary seals are installed, shunts shall be installed * Shunts at least 1 ft (0.3 m) below the surface of the liquid product The shunt shall have as short and direct a path as possible from the conductive floating roof to the tank shell The shunts shall be spaced at intervals no greater than 10 ft (3 m) around the perimeter of the floating roof Above-deck shunts shall be removed when retrofitting existing tanks with submerged shunts Shunt Description The shunts shall consist of a flexible stainless steel conductor of at least in.2 (20 mm2) crosssectional area or of other material conductors of equivalent current-carrying capacity and corrosion resistance The minimum width of the shunt shall be 2 in. (50 mm) The shunt-to-shell contact point shall be submerged at least 1 ft (0.3 m) below the surface of the liquid product Shunt Length The shunts shall be of the minimum length necessary to permit the function of the floating roof assembly The shunts shall be of the minimum length necessary to remain in contact with the shell during the full horizontal and vertical design movement of the floating roof * 8* The shunts and terminations shall be of sufficient flexibility, cross-sectional area, and corrosion resistance to maximize service life * Bypass Conductors..2.3* Fixed Contacts The tank s floating roof shall be bonded to the tank shell by direct electrical connection. such as a bypass conductor Each conductor, including connections, shall have a maximum end-to-end electrical resistance of 0.03 ohm. Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt, Pattern: Clear (Custom Color(RGB(252,252,252))) Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted... [1] Formatted... [2] Formatted... [3] Formatted... [4] Formatted... [5] Formatted... [6] Formatted... [7] Formatted... [8] Formatted: Not Superscript/ Subscript Formatted: Not Superscript/ Subscript Formatted... [9] Formatted... [10] Formatted... [11] Formatted... [12] Formatted... [13] Formatted... [14] Formatted... [15] Formatted... [16] Formatted... [17] Formatted... [18] Formatted... [19] Formatted... [20] Formatted... [21] Formatted... [22] Formatted... [23] Formatted... [24] Formatted... [25] Formatted... [26] Formatted... [27] Formatted... [28] Formatted... [29] Formatted... [30]

119 The bypass conductor shall be of the minimum length necessary to permit full movement of the floating roof A minimum of two bypass conductors shall be evenly spaced not more than every 100 ft (30 m) around the tank circumference * The bypass conductors and terminations shall be positioned and of sufficient flexibility, cross-sectional area, and corrosion resistance to maximize service life A minimum of one bypass conductor shall be installed along and bonded to the rolling ladder, if installed The bypass conductor bonded to the rolling ladder shall be a continuous conductor bonded at one end to the floating roof and at the other end to the tank shell Parallel Conducting Paths (Seal Assembly from the Floating Roof Tank) Any non fully submerged conductive seal assembly components, including springs, scissor assemblies, and seal membranes, shall be electrically insulated from the tank roof The insulation level shall be rated 1 kv or greater Insulation of Gauge or Guide Poles Any gauge or guide pole components or assemblies that penetrate the tank s floating roof shall be electrically insulated from the tank s floating roof The insulation level shall be rated 1 kv or greater Metallic Tanks with Nonmetallic Roofs. Metallic tanks with wooden or other nonmetallic roofs shall not be considered self-protecting, even if the roof is essentially gastight and sheathed with thin metal and with all gas openings provided with flame protection Such tanks shall be provided with strike termination devices. Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt, Pattern: Clear (Custom Color(RGB(252,252,252))) Formatted... [31] Formatted... [32] Formatted... [33] Formatted... [34] Formatted... [35] Formatted... [36] Formatted... [37] Formatted... [38] Formatted... [39] Formatted... [40] Formatted... [41] Formatted... [42] Formatted... [43] Formatted... [44] Formatted... [45] Formatted... [46] Formatted... [47] Formatted... [48] Formatted... [49] Formatted... [50] Formatted... [51] Formatted... [52] Formatted... [53] Formatted... [54] Formatted... [55] Formatted... [56] Formatted... [57] Formatted... [58] Formatted... [59] Formatted... [60] Formatted... [61] Formatted... [62]

120 Formatted... [63] Such strike termination devices shall be bonded to each other, to the metallic sheathing, if any, and to the tank shell Isolated metal partsmetal bodies shall be bonded as required by Section Any of the following strike termination devices shall be permitted to be used: (1) Conducting masts (2) Overhead ground wires (3) Combination of masts and overhead ground wires Grounding Tanks Tanks shall be grounded to conduct away the current of direct strokes and the buildup and potential that cause sparks to ground A metal tank shall be grounded by one of the following methods: (1) A tank shall be connected without insulated joints to a grounded metallic piping system. (2) A vertical cylindrical tank shall rest on earth or concrete and shall be at least 20 ft (6 m) in diameter, or shall rest on bituminous pavement and shall be at least 50 ft (15 m) in diameter. (3) A tank shall be bonded to groundgrounded through a minimum of two grounding electrodes, as described in Section 4.13, at maximum 100 ft (30 m) intervals along the perimeter of the tank. (4) Athe tank. (4) Atank installation using an insulating membrane beneath for environmental or other reasons shall be grounded as in (3) Earthen Containers at Atmospheric Pressure Containing Flammable Vapors or Liquids That Give Off Flammable Vapors. Formatted... [64] Formatted... [65] Formatted... [66] Formatted... [67] Formatted... [68] Formatted... [69] Formatted... [70] Formatted... [71] Formatted... [72] Formatted... [73] Formatted... [74] Formatted... [75] Formatted... [76] Formatted... [77] Formatted... [78] Formatted... [79] Formatted... [80] Formatted... [81] Formatted... [82] Formatted... [83] Formatted... [84] Formatted... [85] Formatted... [86] Formatted... [87] Formatted... [88] Formatted... [89] Formatted... [90] Formatted... [91] Formatted... [92] Formatted... [93] Formatted... [94] Formatted... [95] Formatted... [96] Formatted... [97] Formatted... [98] Formatted... [99] Formatted... [100] Formatted... [101]

121 Lined or unlined earthen containers with combustible roofs that enclose flammable vapors or liquids that can give off flammable vapors shall be protected by air terminals, separate masts, overhead ground wires, or a combination of these devices Aboveground nonmetallic tanks shall be protected as described in Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt, Pattern: Clear (Custom Color(RGB(252,252,252))) Formatted: Strong, Font: +Body (Calibri), 11 pt, Font color: Auto Formatted: Normal (Web), Space After: 6 pt, Pattern: Clear (Custom Color(RGB(252,252,252))) Formatted: Default Paragraph Font, Font: Times New Roman, 12 pt, Font color: Custom Color(RGB(30,41,96))

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131 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 28-NFPA [ Section No ] For those locations where no strike terminations are installed, bonding, grounding, and SPDs shall be installed as described in Sections 4.20, 8.5, and 8.7. Supplemental Information File Name FR-28.docx Description FR-28 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 16:00:27 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC adds grounding to the list of requirements because it is more complete and correct. The TC also adds reference to Section 8.4 for completeness. Public Input No. 40-NFPA [Section No ]

132 FR For those locations where no strike terminations are installed, bonding, grounding and SPDs shall be installed as described in Sections 4.20, 8.4, 8.5, and 8.7.

133 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 73-NFPA [ Section No ] Striking Distance. Lightning protection systems designed to protect structures housing explosives shall be based on a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m), as discussed in Supplemental Information File Name FR-73.docx Description FR-73 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 18:16:04 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the call out reference.to Paragraph Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 10, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Terra displays this text as struck through. Per Megan, "The references are generated text, and it s trying to do a compare on the underlying coding. It will look fine for ballot after the Arbortext work has been done, and you can clarify it in the statement if you need to. It is probably OK if you click Hide mark-up. "

134 FR Striking Distance. Lightning protection systems designed to protect structures housing explosives shall be based on a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m), as discussed in

135 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 29-NFPA [ Section No. 8.3 ] 8.3 Types of Lightning Protection. Except as excluded by 8.1.3, structures containing explosives shall have lightning protection consisting of one or more of the types given in through General. Except as excluded by 8.1.3, structures containing explosives shall have lightning protection consisting of one or more of the types given in through * Metallic (Faraday-Like) Cage. Where optimum protection for structures housing explosives is required (as determined by the AHJ), a grounded, continuously conductive enclosure, as shown in Figure Figure 8.3.2, shall be used. Figure Metallic (Faraday-Like) Cage * Single or Multiple Masts. Mast-type systems shall be designed as specified in and 4.6.5, using a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m) radius as specified in Mast Lightning Protection System. A mast-type lightning protection system shall be permitted to be remote from the structure in order to provide a primary attachment point for a lightning discharge. Nonmetallic masts shall have a strike termination device or metal cap with a minimum thickness of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) connected to ground by at least one down conductor Metallic masts shall be a minimum diameter of 5 8 in. (15 mm) Nonmetallic masts shall have a strike termination device or metal cap with a minimum thickness of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) connected to ground by at least one down conductor For nonmetallic masts using a pole guy wire as a down conductor, the guy wire shall be a continuous metal cable without any ceramic or insulating sections Each metallic guy cable shall be bonded at its lower end to the grounding electrode(s) * Grounding of Masts. Mast guy wires shall not be used as the only down conductors for a mast Grounding of masts shall comply with the requirements of Section Metallic masts shall be grounded as shown in Figure Figure Connection of Metallic Masts to Ground Ring Electrode.

136 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Each metallic guy cable shall be interconnected at its lower end to the grounding electrode(s) for the down conductor Metallic guy wires shall be provided with a main-size conductor to establish electrical continuity with metallic masts or the down conductor system for nonmetallic masts at the top of the guy Grounding of Masts Grounding of masts shall comply with the requirements of Section Metallic masts shall be grounded as shown in Figure Figure Connection of Metallic Masts to Ground Ring Electrode. Global FR Overhead Wire (Catenary) Systems. Catenary systems shall be designed as specified in 4.6.4, using a striking distance of 100 ft (30 m) radius as specified in * Integral Lightning Protection Systems. Strike termination devices directly attached to the structure shall be installed as specified in Chapter 4, except as modified to meet the zone of protection requirements for a 100 ft (30 m) striking distance Bonding connections and conductor splices shall not be painted. Supplemental Information File Name FR_29_Annex_text.docx FR-29.docx Description FR-29 Annex text FR-29 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 16:15:57 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC could find no justification for the 5/8-inch minimum diameter of a mast. The remainder of the changes are associated with the movement of the mast and overhead wire lightning protection system design details to Chapter 4 and

137 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM clarification of the use of a guy wire as a down conductor. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 10, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Terra displays this text as struck through. Per Megan, "The references are generated text, and it s trying to do a compare on the underlying coding. It will look fine for ballot after the Arbortext work has been done, and you can clarify it in the statement if you need to. It is probably OK if you click Hide mark-up. " Public Input No. 192-NFPA [Section No. A ] Public Input No. 246-NFPA [Section No. 8.3] Public Input No. 247-NFPA [Sections A , A.8.3.4]

138 FR Types of Lightning Protection General. Except as excluded by 8.1.3, structures containing explosives shall have lightning protection consisting of one or more of the types given in through * 8.3.1* Metallic (Faraday-Like) Cage. Where optimum protection for structures housing explosives is required (as determined by the AHJ), a grounded, continuously conductive enclosure, as shown in Figure , shall be used * Single or Multiple Masts. Mast-type systems shall be designed as specified in and 4.6.5, using a striking distance as specified in of 100 ft (30 m) radius * Mast Lightning Protection System. A mast-type lightning protection system shall be permitted to be remote from the structure in order to provide a primary attachment point for a lightning discharge. FIGURE Metallic (Faraday-Like) Cage Metallic masts shall be a minimum diameter of 5 8 in. (15 mm) Nonmetallic masts shall have a strike termination device or metal cap with a minimum thickness of 3 16 in. (4.8 mm) connected to ground by at least one down conductor For nonmetallic masts using a pole guy wire as a down conductor, the guy wire shall be a continuous metal cable without any ceramic or insulating sections Mast guy wires shall not be used as the only down conductors for a mast Each metallic guy cable shall be bonded at its lower end to the grounding electrode(s) Each metallic guy cable shall be interconnected at its lower end to the grounding electrode(s) for the down conductor Metallic guy wires shall be provided with a main-size conductor to establish electrical continuity with metallic masts or the down conductor system for nonmetallic masts at the top of the guy Grounding of Masts Grounding of masts shall comply with the requirements of Section Metallic masts shall be grounded as shown in Figure FIGURE Connection of Metallic Masts to Ground Ring Electrode Overhead Wire (Catenary) Systems. Catenary systems shall be designed as specified in 4.6.4, using a striking distance as specified in of 100 ft (30 m) radius * Integral Lightning Protection Systems. Strike termination devices directly attached to the structure shall be installed as specified in Chapter 4 except as modified to meet the zone of protection requirements for a 100 foot (30 m) striking distance Bonding connections and conductor splices shall not be painted.

139 FR_29 Annex text A The best method to protect extremely sensitive operations from all sources of electromagnetic radiation is to enclose the operations or facility inside a metallic, Faraday-like cage. A metallic, Faraday-like cage is an enclosure that comprises a continuous grid of conductors, such that the voltage between any two points inside the enclosure is zero when the cage is immersed in an electrostatic field. A metallic cage or Faraday shield lightning protection system is one in which the protected volume is enclosed by a heavy metal screen (i.e., similar to a birdcage) or continuous metallic structure with all metallic penetrations bonded. The lightning current flows on the exterior of the structure, not through the interior. A Faraday-like shield, which is not an ideal Faraday cage, is formed by a continuous conductive matrix that is properly bonded and grounded. A freestanding structure that is determined by the AHJ to be a metallic cage or Faraday-like shield might not require either grounding systems or strike termination devices. Use of a strike termination system on these structures provides a preferred attachment point for lightning and could prevent structural damage, such as concrete spall, from direct lightning attachment. The intent of this type of structure is to prevent the penetration of lightning current and related electromagnetic field into the object to be protected and prevent dangerous thermal and electrodynamic effects of current as well as dangerous sparking and overvoltages for electrical and electronic systems. Effective lightning protection is similarly provided by metallic structures such as those formed by the steel arch or the reinforcing steel in the walls and floors of earth-covered magazines (also referred to as bunkers, huts, or igloos) if the steel reinforcement is bonded together and it meets the bonding resistance of A The isolation of the down conductors Isolating the masts away from the structure will reduce the magnetic field strength in the structure and the probability of a sideflashfrom a down conductor. A The isolation of the down conductors from the structure will reduce the magnetic field strength in the structure and the probability of a sideflash from a down conductor.

140 A It is recognized that some partial lightning current will flow on a mast guy. A The spacing dimensions of strike termination devices based upon the 100 ft (30 m) rolling sphere method (RSM), with terminals 12 in. (0.3 m) tall, are 25 ft (7.6 m) at the center of the roof, 20 ft (6.1 m) at the roof perimeter, and 2 ft (0.6 m) set back from the outer end of roof ridges. For terminals 24 in. (0.6 m) tall, the dimensions increase to 35 ft (12 m) at the center of the roof, 20 ft (6.1 m) at the roof perimeter, and 24 in. (0.6 m) set back from the outer end of roof ridges.

141 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 30-NFPA [ Section No ] General. A ground ring conductor electrode shall be required for all lightning protection systems on structures containing explosives, with interconnecting all down conductors, structural steel, ground rods, and other grounding systems connected to the ground ring conductor. Exception No. 1: A ground ring electrode shall not be required for structures with areas of 500 ft 2 (46.5 m 2 ) or less or those that can be protected by a single mast or air terminal. Exception No. 2: A ground ring electrode shall not be required for portable structures meeting the provisions of A ground ring electrode shall not be required for structures with areas of 500 ft 2 (46.5 m 2 ) or less or those that can be protected by a single mast or air terminal A ground ring electrode shall not be required for portable structures meeting the provisions of Supplemental Information File Name FR-30.docx Description FR-30 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 16:17:25 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC modifies this section since the exceptions discuss ground ring electrodes. The text is modified to reflect the requirement for a ground ring electrode instead of ground loop conductor. Public Input No. 251-NFPA [Section No ]

142 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 32-NFPA [ Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ] Ground ring electrodes shall be uninsulated bare conductors meeting or exceeding the requirements for Class II conductors. Supplemental Information File Name FR-32.docx Description FR-32 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 16:23:09 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text for consistency of terminology used in Section Response Message: Public Input No. 252-NFPA [Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections]]

143 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 125-NFPA [ Section No ] General. Bonding requirements for the protection of structures housing explosive materials shall comply with Sections 4.14, 4.15, and Supplemental Information File Name FR-125.docx Description FR-125 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Sep 26 16:23:28 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds 4.14 and 4.15 as these sections also apply. Response Message:

144 FR General. Bonding requirements for the protection of structures housing explosive materials shall comply with Section 4.14, 4.15 and 4.16.

145 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 33-NFPA [ Section No ] Isolated Metallic Masses. Any isolated metallic masses within the sideflash separation distance shall be bonded to the lightning protection system. Exception: Metallic masses with a surface area of less than 400 in. 2 (0.26 m 2 ) or a volume of less than 1000 in. 3 ( cm 3 ) shall not be required to be bonded Metallic masses with a surface area of less than 400 in. 2 (0.26 m 2 ) or a volume of less than 1000 in. 3 ( cm 3 ) shall not be required to be bonded. Supplemental Information File Name FR-33.docx Description FR-33 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 16:25:36 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC removes "isolated" to leave only "metallic masses" and removes "separation" since the text is more correct for what the requirement actually is. Public Input No. 188-NFPA [Section No ]

146 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 34-NFPA [ Section No ] 8.5.4* Direct Bonding Techniques. Direct bonding techniques shall include the following: (1) Welding (2) Brazing (3) Bolting (4) Riveting (5) High-compression crimping [10,000 lbs/in 2 (68,950 kpa)] Soft soldering shall not be permitted Self-tapping screws shall not be used for bonding purposes After completion of the joining process, the bond region shall be sealed with appropriate protective agents to prevent bond deterioration through corrosion of the mating surfaces Bonding connections and conductor splices shall not be painted. Supplemental Information File Name FR_34_Annex_text.docx FR-34.docx Description FR-34 Annex text. FR-34 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 16:30:21 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC modifies the text for clarity and completeness. Annex material is also provided. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 10, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Terra displays this text as struck through. Per Megan, "The references are generated text, and it s trying to do a compare on the underlying coding. It will look fine for ballot after the Arbortext work has been done, and you can clarify it in the statement if you need to. It is probably OK if you click Hide mark-up. " Public Input No. 73-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 249-NFPA [Section No ]

147 FR * Direct Bonding Techniques. Direct bonding techniques shall include the following: (1) Welding (2) Brazing (3) Bolting (4) Riveting (5) High Compression crimping (10,000 lbs/in 2 ), [68950kPa] Soft soldering shall not be permitted Self-tapping screws shall not be used for bonding purposes After completion of the joining process, the bond region shall be sealed with appropriate protective agents to prevent bond deterioration through corrosion of the mating surfaces Bonding connections and conductor splices shall not be painted.

148 FR_34 Annex text A Welding includes exothermic welding.

149 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 35-NFPA [ Section No ] * All external metallic doors permitting frames (and metallic doors through bonding to the frames) that permit access to the structure shall be bonded to the ground ring electrode Frames of external roll-up or slatted doors shall be bonded to the ground ring electrode. Supplemental Information File Name FR_35_Annex_text.docx FR-35.docx Description FR-35 Annex text. FR-35 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 16:43:05 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the sentence structure for clarity and completeness. The TC adds annex text for bonding consideration of interior metal doors and frames. Response Message: Public Input No. 253-NFPA [Sections , ]

150 FR_35 Annex text A All internal metallic door frames (and metallic doors through bonding to the frames) should be considered for bonding to the ground ring electrode.

151 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 74-NFPA [ Section No ] 8.5.7* Railroad Tracks. All railroad tracks (including siding tracks) that are located within 6 ft (1.8 m) of a facility housing explosives shall be bonded to the lightning protection system ground ring electrode using a main-size conductor buried a minimum of 18 in. (450 mm) below grade (see Figure ). Figure Grounding and Bonding of Railroad Tracks (Not to Scale) At the point where railroad tracks enter a facility, they shall be bonded to the frame of the structure or facility or the ground loop conductor Where railroad tracks are used for electrical signaling, insulating joints shall be provided to isolate railroad siding tracks from the main railroad track The insulating joints shall be located between any bond to the lightning protection system and connection to the main track Where railroad tracks provide electrical signaling, insulated joints shall be provided to isolate railroad siding tracks from the main railroad track Siding tracks shall provide external bonds for bonding to the facility s ground ring electrode Where railroad tracks enter a facility, they also shall be bonded to the frame of the structure or facility. Supplemental Information File Name Description FR-74.pdf Figure FR_74_Annex_text.docx FR-74 Annex text. FR-74.docx FR-74 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City:

152 FR Railroad Tracks. All railroad tracks (including siding tracks) that are located within 6 ft (1.8 m) of a facility housing explosives shall be bonded to the lightning protection system ground ring electrode using a using a main-size conductor buried a minimum of 18 in. (450 mm) below grade (see Figure 8.5.7). Figure Grounding and Bonding of Railroad Tracks (not to scale) Where railroad tracks provide electrical signaling, insulated joints shall be provided to isolate railroad siding tracks from the main railroad track Siding tracks shall provide external bonds for bonding to the facility s ground ring electrode Where railroad tracks enter a facility, they also shall be bonded to the frame of the structure or facility At the point where railroad tracks enter a facility, they shall be bonded to the frame of the structure or facility or the ground loop conductor Where railroad tracks are used for electrical signaling, insulating joints shall be provided to isolate railroad siding tracks from the main railroad track The insulating joints shall be located between any bond to the lightning protection system and connection to the main track.

153 FR_74 Annex text A Hazardous arcing can occur between rail cars and structural members, bollards, metallic barricades, etc. when the rail cars are stored or unloaded inside a structure. Bonding of the track to the structure or its grounding system at the entry point to the structure can maximize the safe separation distance between explosively ladened rail cars and grounded structural components.

154 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 18:32:34 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC revises Paragraph to clarify that siding tracks are included in the scope of the clause and justifies the merging of Paragraph and Paragraph requirements. This eliminates the need for Paragraph The separation requirements for siding tracks are the same as for main tracks. The revision also reintroduces the 2011 Edition figure with some modifications to indicate the ground could be provided by made electrodes or connection to the ground ring electrode for the structure. It also introduces the requirement that the grounding conductor be a main-size conductor as specified in the figure. The reorganization of the requirements provides a better flow from the structure grounding requirements to the installation requirements for siding tracks. Annex text is added for clarity. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 10, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Public Input No. 256-NFPA [Sections 8.5.7, 8.5.8] Public Input No. 257-NFPA [New Section after A.8.3.4] Terra displays this text as struck through. Per Megan, "The references are generated text, and it s trying to do a compare on the underlying coding. It will look fine for ballot after the Arbortext work has been done, and you can clarify it in the statement if you need to. It is probably OK if you click Hide mark-up. "

155 0 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 36-NFPA [ Section No ] Conduits Buried metallic conduits shall be bonded to the ground ring electrode where they cross. Supplemental Information File Name FR-36.docx Description FR-36 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 17:46:48 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC adds the words "buried" and "metallic." The required bonding is applicable only when the conduit is buried; only metallic conduit needs to be bonded. Public Input No. 254-NFPA [Section No ]

156 FR Buried metallic conduits Conduits shall be bonded to the ground ring electrode where they cross.

157 1 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 37-NFPA [ Section No ] 8.7.2* Piers and Wharves. Lightning protection systems shall be required on piers and wharves where explosive materials cannot be moved to a protected area at the approach of a thunderstorm The portion of the pier or wharf used for explosive material staging shall be provided with a mast or catenary system The mast or catenary system shall be interconnected with a ground ring loop conductor An additional conductor shall be installed along the pier or wharf for bonding of all permanently installed metal objects on the pier All pier and wharf ground ring loop conductors shall be interconnected A path to earth consisting of a metal plate bonded to the additional ground ring loop conductor shall be permitted to create a low-resistance path by submerging in water. Supplemental Information File Name FR-37.docx Description FR-37 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 17:48:30 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC changes "ground ring" to "ground loop" conductor for consistency with the rest of the standard. Response Message: Public Input No. 258-NFPA [Section No ]

158 FR * Piers and Wharves. Lightning protection systems shall be required on piers and wharves where explosive materials cannot be moved to a protected area at the approach of a thunderstorm The portion of the pier or wharf used for explosive material staging shall be provided with a mast or catenary system The mast or catenary system shall be interconnected with a ground loop ring conductor An additional conductor shall be installed along the pier or wharf for bonding of all permanently installed metal objects on the pier All pier and wharf ground loop ring conductors shall be interconnected A path to earth consisting of a metal plate bonded to the additional ground loop ring conductor shall be permitted to create a low-resistance path by submerging in water.

159 2 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 38-NFPA [ Section No ] Cranes. All cranes shall be provided with inner and outer ground ring loop conductors interconnected with each other The crane shall be bonded to the inner ground ring loop conductor Cranes shall be relocated into the lightning protection zone of protection at the approach of a thunderstorm Boom and cable lifting shall be bonded to the outer ground ring loop conductor. Exception: Metal lifting hooks on cranes equipped with hook insulating links shall not be required to be bonded to any of the ground loop conductors Metal lifting hooks on cranes equipped with hook insulating links shall not be required to be bonded to any of the ground ring loop conductors. Supplemental Information File Name FR-38.docx Description FR-38 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 17:52:41 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC changes "ground ring" to "ground loop" conductor for consistency with the rest of the standard. Response Message: Public Input No. 259-NFPA [Section No ]

160 FR Cranes. All cranes shall be provided with inner and outer ground loop ring conductors interconnected with each other The crane shall be bonded to the inner ground loop ring conductor Cranes shall be relocated into the lightning protection zone of protection at the approach of a thunderstorm Boom and cable lifting shall be bonded to the outer ground loop ring conductor. Exception: Metal lifting hooks on cranes equipped with hook insulating links shall not be required to be bonded to any of the ground loop ring conductors.

161 3 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 39-NFPA [ Section No ] An additional buried ground ring loop conductor shall be installed where the following conditions exist: (1) Explosive materials are within sideflash distance of cables or masts. (2) Flammable gases or exposed flammable liquids are present on the pad. Supplemental Information File Name FR-39.docx Description FR-39 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 17:56:22 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC changes "ground ring" to "ground loop" conductor in order to be consistent with the rest of the standard and to make it clear that the ground loop is to be buried. Public Input No. 255-NFPA [Section No ]

162 FR An additional buried ground loop ring conductor shall be installed where the following conditions exist: (1) Explosive materials are within sideflash distance of cables or masts. (2) Flammable gases or exposed flammable liquids are present on the pad.

163 4 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 77-NFPA [ Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ] Portable magazines that provide equivalent protection of a metallic cage as described in shall be grounded using a main conductor. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 18:48:01 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text to provide the correct call out. Response Message: Public Input No. 248-NFPA [Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections]]

164 5 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 40-NFPA [ Section No ] Single portable magazines less than 25 ft 2 (2.3 m 2 ) (using outside dimensions) shall require two one ground rods. Supplemental Information File Name FR-40.docx Description FR-40 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 17:59:54 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text so that only one ground rod is required due to the small size of the magazine. One ground is sufficient. The initial requirement of Paragraph was too stringent; these small structures only require one ground rod. Response Message: Public Input No. 107-NFPA [Section No ]

165 FR Single portable magazines less than 25 ft2 (2.3 m2) (using outside dimensions) shall require one two ground rod rods.

166 6 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 41-NFPA [ Section No ] All earth ground connections shall provide resistance impedance to earth that is as low as practical practicable. Supplemental Information File Name FR-41.docx Description FR-41 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 18:01:59 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC advises that the term impedance is the correct term. With transient currents, the earth resistance is irrelevant. The impedance of the system is what matters. Public Input No. 49-NFPA [Section No ]

167 FR All ground earth connections shall provide impedance resistance to earth that is as low as practicable practical.

168 7 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 42-NFPA [ Section No ] All gate posts through which explosives material or personnel will pass shall be provided with a grounding electrode meeting the requirements of Section 4.13 using a main-size conductor. Supplemental Information File Name FR-42.docx Description FR-42 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 18:06:05 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC adds "through which explosives material or personnel" since this language is more specific as Paragraph clarifies the requirement for gates and gateposts Public Input No. 143-NFPA [Section No ]

169 FR All gate posts through which explosives material or personnel will pass shall be provided with a grounding electrode meeting the requirements of Section 4.13 using a main-size conductor.

170 8 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 43-NFPA [ Section No ] * Unless monitored remotely through a continuous monitoring system, SPDs shall be verified as operable every 12 months monthly, or after any suspected lightning strike. Supplemental Information File Name FR-43.docx Description FR-43 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 18:10:28 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC edits the requirement to visually inspect every month, or after any suspected lightning strike. Not doing so may result in significant damage to the facility and equipment. Public Input No. 201-NFPA [Section No ]

171 FR * Unless monitored remotely through a continuous monitoring system, SPDs shall be verified as operable monthly, every 12 months or after any suspected lightning strike.

172 9 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 26-NFPA [ Section No. 9.2 ] 9.2 Fundamental Principles of Protection Placement of air terminations for the nacelle shall be determined as described in Section 4.8, assuming the blades are oriented so they provide the smallest zone of protection to the structure The nacelle, hub, and other structural components of the wind turbine shall be substituted for air terminals and conductors, where possible, in accordance with and Section Air terminations, down conductors, and bonding for the protection of meteorological instruments and aircraft warning lights located on the nacelle shall be provided in accordance with Chapter The blade-to-hub transition conductor shall be sized in accordance with Table for main conductors and provided with a minimum required allowance and flexibility for adequate motion of the blade The cover for the hub, referred to as the spinner, shall be protected with a strike termination device as required in Section * At least two down conductors shall be provided for the tower of the wind turbine. The down conductor requirements from the nacelle to ground shall be provided in accordance with by one or both of the following methods: (1) At least two down conductors shall be provided for the tower of the wind turbine in accordance with and (2) For tubular or structural metal towers, the requirements of Section 4.19 shall be met Metal bodies located outside or inside the wind turbine structure that contribute to lightning hazards because they are grounded or assist in providing a path to ground for lightning current shall be bonded to the overall lightning protection system in accordance with Sections 4.15 and Supplemental Information File Name FR_26_Annex_text.docx Description FR-26 Annex text. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 13:44:19 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the title for clarity. The TC edits Paragraph and adds annex text for clarification. Response Message: Public Input No. 144-NFPA [Section No. 9.2] Public Input No. 54-NFPA [Section No ]

173 FR_26 Annex text A A tubular metal tower, as predominantly used for large wind turbines, usually fulfils the dimensions required for down conductors stated in NFPA 780 and IEC and can be considered an effective electromagnetic shield.

174 00 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 7-NFPA [ Section No ] * A conducting fitting constructed of metal other than copper or aluminum that neither contains electrical wiring nor connects conductors containing electrical wiring shall be permitted to be used as a main conductor if it has at least the cross-sectional area given by one of the following formulas: [ a] where: A = cross-sectional area (in. 2 ) ρ = resistivity (Ω in.) C p = specific heat capacity (BTU/lb m F) D = density (lbm /in. 2 ) MP = melting point ( F) [ b] where: A = 0 cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) ρ = resistivity (Ω m) C p = specific heat capacity (J kg -1 K -1 ) D = density (kg m -3 ) MP = melting point (K) Supplemental Information File Name FR-7.pdf Description Formula Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 17:33:48 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC changes MP to MP-77 and corrects the equation to indicate temperature change from ambient. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 27, 2014 [ Not Specified ] See FR-11 for changes to Annex A text. Need to be balloted separately. Nov 12, 2014 M. Beady Updating equation a Public Input No. 105-NFPA [Section No ]

175 01 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 9-NFPA [ Section No ] * No main conductor that is substantially vertical shall pass within 6 in. (150 mm) of the unheeled waterline unless it is terminated in a grounding electrode (see ) within 24 in. (600 mm) or connected to a loop conductor. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 17:56:40 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits te text for consistency with allowing the loop conductor to be close to the waterline as described in Paragraph Response Message: Public Input No. 128-NFPA [Section No ]

176 02 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 12-NFPA [ Section No ] * A conducting fitting constructed of metal other than copper or aluminum that neither contains electrical wiring nor connects conductors containing electrical wiring shall be permitted to be used as a bonding conductor if it meets the minimum crosssectional area given by one of the following formulas: [ a] where: A = cross-sectional area (in. 2 ) ρ = resistivity (Ω in.) C p = specific heat capacity (BTU/lb m F) D = density (lbm /in. 2 ) MP = melting point ( F) [ b] where: A = cross-sectional area (mm 2 ) ρ = resistivity (Ω m) C p = specific heat capacity (J kg -1 K -1 ) D = density (kg m -3 ) MP = melting point (K) Supplemental Information File Name Formula_ bmp Description Formula Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 18:44:26 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC changes "MP" to "MP-77" and corrects the equation to indicate temperature change from ambient. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 12, 2014 M. Beady Comp - updating of equation a

177

178 03 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 8-NFPA [ Section No ] * A main-size loop conductor shall be routed as horizontally at either deck level or cabin-top level or at least 6 ft (1.8 m) above the waterline, to form a continuous conducting loop outboard of crewed areas, wiring, and electronics as possible to form a continuous conducting loop outboard of crewed areas, wiring, and electronics. Supplemental Information File Name FR_8_Annex_text.docx Description FR-8 Annex text. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 17:41:21 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC edits the text to require the conductor to be routed as horizontally as possible. The TC adds annex text to provide guidance and additional clarity. Public Input No. 126-NFPA [Section No ]

179 FR_8 Annex text A The function of the loop conductor is to conduct the lightning current around the outside of the watercraft while minimizing the risk of a sideflash to the water, and also to metallic structures and personnel in the vessel. In the absence of conducting fittings or occupied areas it is preferable to place the loop conductor as high as possible above the waterline to minimize the risk of a sideflash between the loop conductor and the water. However this risk is less for a horizontal conductor than for a conductor such as a chain plate that is more vertically oriented. If conducting fittings or crewed areas exist near the loop conductor it is preferable to place the loop conductor between the vulnerable location and the water.

180 04 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 15-NFPA [ Section No ] * When Where a joint connection is made between conductors of the same material, the contact area shall be at least as large as the cross-sectional area of the conductor Depending on the material, the contact minimum area for a joint connection in a main conductor shall be given by (for copper), (for aluminum), or (for other metals) For a joint connection in a bonding conductor or between a bonding conductor and a main conductor, the contact minimum area shall be given by (for copper), (for aluminum), or (for other metals). Supplemental Information File Name FR_15_Annex_text.docx Description FR-15 Annex text. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 10:59:12 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC adds annex text to clarify connector requirements specific to watercraft. Response Message:

181 FR_15 Annex text A Requirements for connector fittings are given in Section Where practicable, these requirements should be followed for connections in a watercraft lightning protection system. Conductor connections should be of the bolted, welded, high compression or crimp type. The bolt securing the connector can be utilized as either a main or bonding conductor subject to the requirements regarding cross-sectional area defined in Section 10.4.

182 05 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 3-NFPA [ Section No ] * The airfield lighting counterpoise system shall provide a path for dissipation of lightning discharge energy to earth, minimizing to minimize damage to equipment, raceway, or cables, and to reduce the risk of electrical shock to personnel. Supplemental Information File Name FR-3.docx Description FR-3 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 12:24:00 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC revises Paragraph providing a refined purpose for the chapter. Response Message: Public Input No. 145-NFPA [Section No ]

183 FR * The airfield lighting counterpoise system shall provide a path for dissipation of lightning discharge energy to earth, to minimize minimizing damage to equipment, raceway, or cables and to reduce the risk of electrical shock to personnel.

184 06 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 6-NFPA [ Section No ] 11.4 Installation of Airfield Lighting Counterpoise System Counterpoise Conductor Materials. The counterpoise conductor shall be a bare, annealed or soft drawn, solid copper conductor not smaller than 6 AWG * The counterpoise conductor shall be a bare, annealed, or soft drawn, solid copper conductor not smaller than 6 AWG * If In locations where bare copper counterpoise conductors are adversely affected by the installed environment, electrically conductive corrosion-resistant materials (e.g., tinned copper, stainless steel, etc. ) as permitted by the AHJ shall be utilized Counterpoise Conductor Location Installation. The counterpoise conductor shall be installed in accordance with through The counterpoise conductor shall be bonded to grounding electrodes at intervals not exceeding 500 ft (150 m) The counterpoise conductor shall be bonded to grounding electrodes located on each side of a raceway crossing under the airfield pavement The airfield lighting counterpoise system shall connect to the airfield lighting vault or other airfield lighting circuit power source grounding electrode system * Surge arresters shall be permitted to be installed in the airfield lighting circuit Reinforcing steel, where used as part of the light base installation, shall be bonded to the metallic light base using a 6 AWG bare solid copper conductor For edge light fixtures installed in turf (stabilized soils) and for raceways or cables adjacent to the full strength pavement edge, the counterpoise conductor shall be installed either halfway between the pavement edge and the light base, mounting stake, raceway, or cable, as shown in Figure , or in accordance with The counterpoise conductor shall be installed by using one of the following methods: (1) Equipotential method as described in (2) Isolation method as described in Figure Edge Light Fixtures Installed in Turf (Stabilized Soils) and for Raceways or Cables Adjacent to the Full Strength Pavement Edge

185 07 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM The counterpoise conductor shall be installed 8 in. (203 mm) minimum below grade either centered over the raceway or cable to be protected as described in and as shown in Figure or in accordance with Figure Edge Light Fixtures Installed in Turf (Stabilized Soils) and for Raceways or Cables Adjacent to the Full Strength Pavement Edge. Counterpoise Centered Over Raceway or Cable to Be Protected The counterpoise conductor shall be installed no less than 8 in. (200 mm) above the raceway or cable to be protected, except as permitted in and * The minimum counterpoise conductor height above the raceway or cable to be protected shall be permitted to be adjusted subject to coordination with the airfield lighting and pavement designs * Where the raceway is installed by the directional bore, jack and bore, or other drilling method, the counterpoise conductor shall be permitted to be installed concurrently with the directional bore, jack and bore, or other drilling method raceway, external to the raceway or sleeve The counterpoise conductor shall be installed no more than 12 in. (300 mm) above the raceway or cable to be protected The counterpoise conductor height above the protected raceway(s) or cable(s) shall be calculated to ensure that the raceway or cable is within a 45-degree area of protection * The area of protection shall be determined only by the 45-degree triangular prism area of protection method The counterpoise conductor shall be bonded to each metallic light base, mounting stake, and metallic airfield lighting component * All metallic airfield lighting components in the field circuit on the output side of the constant current regulator (CCR) or other power source shall be bonded to the airfield lighting counterpoise system *

186 08 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Each light base or mounting stake shall be provided with a grounding electrode. As an alternate counterpoise installation method for edge light fixtures installed in turf or stabilized soils and for raceways or cables adjacent to the full strength pavement edge, the counterpoise conductor shall be installed halfway between the pavement edge and the light base, mounting stake, raceway, or cable, as described in through and as shown in Figure Figure Alternate Counterpoise Installation Method for Edge Light Fixtures Installed in Turf or Stabilized Soils and for Raceways or Cables Adjacent to the Full Strength Pavement Edge When a metallic light base is used, the grounding electrode shall be bonded to the metallic light base or mounting stake with a 6 AWG bare, annealed or soft drawn, solid copper conductor. The counterpoise conductor shall be installed 8 in. (200 mm) minimum below grade * When a nonmetallic light base is used, the grounding electrode shall be bonded to the metallic light fixture or metallic base plate with a 6 AWG bare, annealed or soft drawn, solid copper conductor. Each light base or mounting stake shall be provided with a grounding electrode in accordance with one of the following methods: (1) Where a metallic light base is used, the grounding electrode shall be bonded to the metallic light base or mounting stake with a 6 AWG bare, annealed, or soft drawn, solid copper conductor. (2) Where a nonmetallic light base is used, the grounding electrode shall be bonded to the metallic light fixture or metallic base plate with a 6 AWG bare, annealed, or soft drawn, solid copper conductor For raceways installed under pavement; for raceways and cables not installed adjacent to the full strength pavement edge; for fixtures installed in full strength pavement and shoulder pavement and for optional method of edge lights installed in turf (stabilized soils); and for raceways or cables adjacent to the full strength pavement edge, the counterpoise conductor shall be centered over the raceway or cable to be protected as described in through and as shown in Figure Figure Raceways Installed Under Pavement; Raceways and Cables Not Installed Adjacent to the Full Strength Pavement Edge; Fixtures Installed in Full Strength Pavement and Shoulder Pavement and Optional Method of Edge Lights Installed in Turf (Stabilized Soils); and Raceways and Cables Adjacent to Full Strength Pavement Edge The counterpoise conductor shall be installed no less than 8 in. (203 mm) above the raceway or cable to be protected, except as permitted in and The minimum counterpoise conductor height above the raceway or cable to be protected shall be permitted to be adjusted subject to coordination with the airfield lighting and pavement designs.

187 09 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Where raceway is installed by the directional bore, jack and bore, or other drilling method, the counterpoise conductor shall be permitted to be installed concurrently with the directional bore, jack and bore, or other drilling method raceway, external to the raceway or sleeve The counterpoise conductor shall be installed no more than 12 in. (305 mm) above the raceway or cable to be protected The counterpoise conductor height above the protected raceway(s) or cable(s) shall be calculated to ensure that the raceway or cable is within a 45-degree area of protection The area of protection shall be determined only by the 45-degree triangular prism area of protection method The counterpoise conductor shall be bonded to each metallic light base, mounting stake, and metallic airfield lighting component All metallic airfield lighting components in the field circuit on the output side of the constant current regulator (CCR) or other power source shall be bonded to the airfield lighting counterpoise system Multiple Raceways or Cables in a Common Formation * Multiple raceways or cables in a common formation or assembly wider than the area of protection provided by a single counterpoise conductor shall be provided with multiple counterpoise conductors as shown in Figure Figure Multiple Airfield Lighting Raceways or Cables in a Common Formation * The number of counterpoise conductors required shall be determined by the height of the counterpoise conductors over the raceways or cables being protected The 45-degree area of protection shall be maintained in accordance with The maximum width of the area of protection shall be twice the height of the counterpoise conductor above the protected raceway or cable.

188 10 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM As shown in Figure , the number of counterpoise conductors required shall be determined by the height of the counterpoise conductors over the raceways or cables being protected while maintaining the 45-degree area of protection. Figure Multiple Airfield Lighting Raceways or Cables in a Common Formation Where multiple counterpoise conductors are used, they shall be interconnected longitudinally at intervals not exceeding 300 ft (90 m) as shown in Figure Figure Figure Multiple Counterpoise Conductor Installation Interconnection Plan View Counterpoise Conductor Interconnections Where raceways or cables cross, the counterpoise conductors shall be interconnected * Where an existing airfield lighting system is being extended or modified, the new counterpoise conductors shall be interconnected to existing counterpoise conductors at each intersection of the new and existing airfield lighting counterpoise systems Grounding Electrodes * The counterpoise conductor shall be bonded to grounding electrodes in accordance with * Grounding electrodes shall comply with all requirements of , , , , and , except as modified by this chapter Ground rods shall not be less than 5 8 in. (15.9 mm) in diameter nor less than 8 ft (2.4 m) long The top of the installed ground rod shall be 6 in. ( 152 mm 150 mm ) minimum below grade Bonding Jumpers. A 6 AWG stranded copper green insulated bonding jumper shall be installed between the following items: Global FR-5 (1) In-pavement airfield lighting fixture and the metallic light base (2) Elevated fixture base plate and metallic light base (3) Surge arresters and metallic light base A bonding jumper shall be installed between the metallic frame of the airfield lighting sign(s) or other system components not listed in and its respective metallic light base Bonding jumper length shall permit direct removal and maintenance of the airfield lighting component without damage to or disconnection of the bonding jumper and not interfere with the intended operation of a frangible coupling Copper conductors and copper braids of equal current-carrying capacity shall be permitted as an alternative to the 6 AWG bonding jumper as permitted by the AHJ.

189 11 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Frangible couplings shall be conductive * All non-current-carrying electrically conductive materials having the potential to become energized by a lightning-induced surge shall be bonded together and bonded to the airfield lighting counterpoise system * Metallic Light Base Grounding New metallic light bases shall be provided with ground straps for internal and external grounding connections For existing metallic light bases without ground straps, the installation of ground straps shall not interfere with the structural integrity of the light base Connection Requirements * All counterpoise conductor connectors, grounding connectors, and bonding connectors shall be listed with relevant standards Counterpoise conductor connectors shall be listed for direct earth burial and concrete encasement * Galvanically compatible connectors and fittings shall comply with through Galvanically compatible connectors and fittings shall be used for splicing or bonding dissimilar metals Conductive oxide inhibitors shall be designed for the specific application and metals used in the connection Conductive oxide inhibitors shall be applied to the mating surfaces of all connections involving dissimilar metals Where a corrosion-protective paint or coating is removed, the electrical connection shall have corrosion protection equal to the original coating Listed equipment shall be installed and used in accordance with the manufacturer s installation instructions included as part of the listing * The metallic light base ground strap with ground clamp shall be used for connection of the counterpoise conductor to the light base * Grounding, bonding, and counterpoise conductor connections not included in through shall be made by exothermic weld or irreversible crimp method Bend Radius. The counterpoise conductor radius of bend shall not be less than 8 in. ( 203 mm 200 mm ) nor form an included (inside) angle of less than 90 degrees, as shown in Figure Global FR-5 Supplemental Information File Name FR_6_Annex_text.docx Description FR-6 Annex text. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 16:52:46 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC chooses to reorder these sections to better organize the chapter. The reordering provides better continuity of the chapter requirements.

190 12 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Reordering the document makes the intent more precise and considerably more understandable. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 10, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Nov 24, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Nov 24, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Terra displays this text as struck through. Per Megan, "The references are generated text, and it s trying to do a compare on the underlying coding. It will look fine for ballot after the Arbortext work has been done, and you can clarify it in the statement if you need to. It is probably OK if you click Hide mark-up. " A remains in annex unchanged. A and all Annex material following are not impacted by FR-6. Public Input No. 125-NFPA [Sections A , A ] Public Input No. 124-NFPA [Sections A , A , A , A ] Public Input No. 146-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 148-NFPA [Section No. 11.4] Public Input No. 149-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 150-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 164-NFPA [Section No. A ] Public Input No. 120-NFPA [Section No [Excluding any Sub-Sections]] Public Input No. 121-NFPA [Sections , ] Public Input No. 122-NFPA [Sections , , ]

191 FR_6 Annex text A The copper counterpoise conductor size should be determined by the Engineer of Record based upon sound engineering practices. A 2 AWG bare solid copper counterpoise conductor is recommended. The following factors should be evaluated when considering a larger-size counterpoise conductor: (1) The airport s ability to maintain airport operations after an airfield lighting circuit or system failure (2) Accessibility of the copper counterpoise conductor for repairs if the counterpoise conductor is installed under pavement (3) Availability of qualified persons to perform airfield lighting system repairs (4) Life cycle cost of the larger size counterpoise conductor, including consideration of counterpoise conductor replacement prior to the end of an expected 20-year life (5) Results of a lightning risk assessment performed in accordance with Annex L (6) Past performance of the airfield lighting counterpoise system at the airport or geographic area counterpoise conductor. The AHJ can determine and approve the size of the copper counterpoise conductor. A Corrosion, oxidation, chemical reaction, and electrolysis can all be considered adverse effects on a bare copper counterpoise conductor. Most metals are subject to some form of corrosion, oxidation, chemical reaction, or electrolysis. When the history of grounding systems (buried conductors, buried metallic objects) in the area is not known, a soil resistivity and soil ph profile in conjunction with the consultation of a materials/corrosion specialist could be necessary to properly design the grounding system. If stainless steel is to be used it should be a minimum of 154,000 CM (78 mm 2 ) corresponding to approximately 3/8 in (9.5 mm) diameter. A Airfield pavement systems design is an intricate engineering solution involving a large number of complex variables. Operating aircraft and pavement systems interact with each other, which must be addressed by the pavement design process. Structural designs of airfield pavement systems include determination of the overall pavement system thickness to achieve the final design objectives. Airfield pavement systems are normally constructed in courses or layers. Many factors influence the pavement system layer thicknesses required to provide satisfactory pavement system design. Among them are the type of pavement and the load-bearing capacity of the supporting materials, key components that affect the structural design of the pavement system.

192 A typical pavement system design might consist of the following layers: (1) Conditioned and compacted earth fill and subgrade below the pavement system (typically 100 percent compaction required) (2) Enhanced subbase course material, including additional layering, or enhanced existing subgrade (3) Pavement base course (flexible or semirigid materials to support the pavement surface materials) (4) Final pavement surface, either hot mix asphalt (HMA), a flexible pavement typically installed in multiple layers, or Portland cement concrete (PCC), a rigid pavement typically installed in one layer The thickness of each of the overall pavement layers is determined by the structural requirements of the pavement system based on existing conditions, aircraft sizes and weights, number of repetitions, environmental factors, and other features. The airfield lighting system is incorporated into the airfield pavement system. The design of the depth and the height of the various airfield lighting system components, including light bases, light base accessories, conduits, counterpoise conductors, and the like, must be adjusted to integrate the components into the varying pavement system layer thicknesses. Although reasonable effort should be made to comply with the 8 in. (200 mm) requirement contained in , it is for these reasons that the variation described in is necessary. A Where existing pavement cannot be cut, raceway is typically installed under the pavement by the directional bore, jack and bore, or other drilling method. Where raceway is installed by a drilling method, it is permissible to install the raceway, external to the raceway or sleeve. This could result in the counterpoise conductor being wrapped around the raceway in an unknown position relative to the raceway or cable being protected. The installation of the counterpoise conductor is required to maintain the equipotential bonding of the overall lightning protection system. The lightning protection afforded by this process is reduced; however, this manner of installation is more effective than omission of the counterpoise conductor. This method is not recommended for projects where the pavement is being overlaid or replaced. When pavement is being overlaid or replaced the counterpoise conductor should be installed prior to any paving operations in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 11. A The area of protection is considered to be an equilateral triangular crosssectional area (triangular prism) with the apex located at the center of the counterpoise conductor, having its two sides formed by a 45-degree angle from vertical. The width of the protected area is twice the height of the counterpoise conductor above the raceway or cable being protected. See Figure A for a typical area of protection application.

193 FIGURE A Area of Protection. A The intent of is that all metallic light bases, metallic fixtures, metal manhole cover/frames, and the like be bonded to the counterpoise conductor. The phrase output side of the constant current regulator (CCR) or power source refers to the field circuit. The input power to the CCR or airfield lighting power source should be grounded in accordance with NFPA 70, National Electrical Code. A Paragraph addresses items installed in turf adjacent to the full strength pavement edge. Items within 15 ft (4.6 m) of the full strength pavement edge can be considered adjacent to the full strength pavement edge for the purpose of this paragraph. The exact routing of the counterpoise conductor could be subject to field conditions such as the presence of rocks or other obstructions. The counterpoise conductor should be routed as close as practicable to the midpoint between the full strength pavement edge and the item being protected. Lightning strikes often occur on the pavement, and the counterpoise conductor provides a method of dissipating the energy as it moves from the pavement surface to the earth. A The light base grounding electrode can be installed in the same excavation as the light base or mounting stake. If a ground rod is used as the light base grounding electrode, the ground rod can be installed exterior to the light base or installed within the light base through a hole provided by the manufacturer in the bottom of the light base. A Multiple raceways in a common assembly are also known as duct banks. Paragraph addresses duct banks and individual raceways or cables installed in a common excavation but separated by a greater-than-normal distance. For example, a control circuit and an airfield lighting series circuit could be installed in a common trench but separated by 12 in. (300 mm) or more to prevent interference on the control circuit. A Standard trigonometric functions can be used to calculate the width of the area of protection with the counterpoise conductor at a specified height above the raceway or cable being protected. A conservative design would have an overlap of adjacent areas of protection.

194 13 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 120-NFPA [ Chapter 12 ] Chapter 12 Protection for Solar Arrays 12.1 General. The intent of this chapter shall be to provide lightning protection requirements for roof-mounted or ground-mounted solar (photovoltaic and thermal) panels arrays and associated electrical or mechanical systems Fundamental Principles of Protection Roof-mounted or ground-mounted solar arrays panels subject to direct lightning strike shall be protected in accordance with Chapter 4 and as supplemented in this chapter Protection shall be provided by one or more either of the following methods: (1) Direct mounting of strike termination devices to the solar panel array rack as shown in Figure (a) Direct mounting of strike termination devices to the solar panel framing (2) Locating strike termination devices (including air terminals, masts, and overhead ground wires) adjacent to the solar panels in such a manner as to place the solar panels in a zone of protection as defined in Section 4.8 and shown in Figure (b). Figure (a) Typical Protection Arrangement with Air Terminals Mounted from Rack. Figure (b) Typical Adjacent Mast Arrangement to Provide Zone of Protection for Solar Array Strike Termination Devices Strike termination devices shall extend a minimum of 10 in. (254 mm) vertically above the apex of the solar panel not be required for solar panels or arrays that are located within a zone of protection provided in accordance with Section 4.8.

195 14 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Strike termination devices shall be located at the ends of the uppermost edge or nearest support of pitched solar panels or panel arrays not to exceed 2 ft (0.6 m) from the end of the panel or array unless the uppermost edge or nearest support is within a zone of protection required in accordance with through for solar panels or arrays not located in a zone of protection Sloped solar panels or arrays having a horizontal distance (run) of 40 ft (12 m) or less and a slope of 1 8 or greater and solar panels or arrays having a horizontal distance (run) of more than 40 ft (12 m) and a slope of 1 4 or greater shall have strike termination devices located as follows: (1) Strike termination devices shall be located such that they extend a minimum of 10 in. (254 mm) vertically above the uppermost edge of the solar panel or array. (2) Strike termination devices shall be located such that they are within 2 ft (0.6 m) of the ends of the apex of the solar panel or array. (3) Strike termination devices shall be located within 2 ft (0.6 m) of the apex of the solar panel or array. (4) Strike termination devices shall be located at intervals not exceeding 20 ft (6 m) along the apex of the solar panel or array. (5) Strike termination devices that extend 2 ft (0.6 m) or more above the apex of the solar panel or array shall be permitted to be placed at intervals not exceeding 25 ft (7.6 m) along the uppermost edge of the solar panel or array Solar panels or arrays that have a slope of less than ¼ and the distance from the uppermost edge to the lowermost edge along the face of the panel or array exceeds 20 ft (6 m) shall have strike termination devices located as follows: (1) Strike termination devices shall be located within 2 ft (0.6 m) of the outermost corners of the solar panel or array unless those corners are within a zone of protection. (2) Strike termination devices shall be located at intervals not exceeding 20 ft (6 m) along all edges of the solar panel or array unless those edges are within a zone of protection. (3) Strike termination devices that extend 2 ft (0.6 m) or more above the edges of the solar panel or array shall be permitted to be placed at intervals not exceeding 25 ft (7.6 m) along the edges of the solar panel or array Solar panels or arrays that have a slope of less than ¼ and exceed 50 ft (15 m) in width and length shall comply with one of the following: (1) Strike termination devices located at intervals not to exceed 50 ft (15 m) on the solar array as illustrated in Figure (a) and Figure (b). (2) Strike termination devices that create zones of protection using the rolling sphere method so the sphere does not contact the solar array * Strike termination devices shall be located along the uppermost edge of solar panels or panel arrays at intervals not exceeding 20 ft (6 m) unless the panel arrays are within a zone of protection permitted to be mounted on the rack but shall not be secured directly to the frame of the solar panel Solar panels or panel arrays that have a slope of less than 1 8 shall have strike termination devices located within 2 ft (0.6 m) of the outermost corners and at intervals not exceeding 20 ft (6 m) along all edges unless the corners or edges are within a zone of protection. Where practicable, the location of strike termination devices shall minimize the effects of shadowing on the solar panels Solar panel arrays that exceed 50 ft (15 m) in width or length shall comply with one of the following: Strike termination devices located at intervals not to exceed 50 ft (15 m) on the solar panel arrays, similar to Figure 4.7.5(a) and Figure 4.7.5(b) Strike termination devices that create zones of protection using the rolling sphere method so the sphere does not contact the solar panel arrays Solar panels or panel arrays that have a slope of less than 1 4 and the distance from the uppermost edge to the lowermost edge along the face of the panel or array exceeds 20 ft (6 m) shall have strike termination devices located within 2 ft (0.6 m) of the outermost corners and at intervals not exceeding 20 ft (6 m) along all edges unless the corners or edges are within a zone of protection Strike termination devices shall not be secured directly to the panels or panel frames of photovoltaic panels and arrays Where practicable, the location of strike termination devices shall minimize the effects of shadowing the solar panels.

196 15 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM 12.4 Protection of Electrical and Mechanical Systems Where practicable, the electrical and/or electromechanical control systems shall be protected with bonding, shielding, isolation increased separation distance, and surge protection in accordance with the following: (1) Separation distance and bonding techniques maintained in accordance with Sections 4.15 and 4.16 (2) Maximized distance between lightning air terminals and conductors and the solar array panels, electrical control, electrical control systems, and cabling (3) SPDs installed as close as practicable to the solar arrays and electrical systems (inverters) and to the panel solar tracking control systems (4) The dc solar array The photovoltaic (PV) output circuit cabling electromagnetically shielded by either braided wire sheath or wire mesh screen or installed within electrically bonded metallic conduit, cable tray, or raceways (5) Lightning conductors run separately and outside of the cable path of the dc cabling PV output circuit PV Output Circuit Surge Protection Surge protection in accordance with Section 4.20 shall be provided on the dc output of the solar panel from positive to ground and negative to ground, at the combiner and re-combiner box for multiple solar panels, and at the ac output of the inverter shall be provided on the PV output circuit of the solar module from positive to ground and negative to ground, and at the combiner and recombiner box for multiple solar modules Surge PV surge protective devices shall have a nominal discharge current rating ( I n ) as specified in (I n ) of 20kA 8/20 µs per mode If the system inverter is more than 100 ft (30 m) from the closest combiner or re-combiner box, additional SPDs shall be required at the dc input of the inverter. PV surge protective devices shall be listed for use on PV systems and marked DC or PV SPD Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage (MCOV). If the system inverter is more than 100 ft (30 m) from the closest combiner or recombiner box, additional PV SPDs shall be required at the PV output circuit adjacent to the inverter The SPD provided on the dc output shall have a dc MCOV equal to or greater than the maximum photovoltaic system voltage of the panel(s) as specified in Article 690 of NFPA The SPD provided on the ac output shall have an ac MCOV equal to or greater than the inverter output voltage Short Circuit Current Rating. PV SPDs provided on the PV output circuit shall have a nominal dc operating voltage or V pvdc rating equal to or greater than the maximum photovoltaic system voltage of the circuit(s) as specified in Article 690 of NFPA The short circuit current rating of the dc SPD shall be coordinated with the available fault current of the solar panel(s) The short circuit current rating of the ac SPD shall be coordinated with the available fault current of the inverter Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). The short-circuit current rating of the PV SPD shall be coordinated with the prospective fault of current of the PV output circuit(s) The VPR of the dc SPD shall be a maximum of 3 times the panel s maximum photovoltaic system voltage The VPR of the ac SPD shall be based on Table For voltages exceeding the values in Table , the VPR shall be permitted to be 3 times the output voltage of the inverter The VPR of each mode of the PV SPD shall be no greater than three times the circuit s maximum PV system voltage to which that mode is connected For two-port PV SPDs, the load current rating of the SPD shall be equal to, or greater than, that of the system s load current to the inverter The maximum rated ambient temperature of the PV SPD shall not be exceeded Inverter Output Surge Protection Surge protection in accordance with Section 4.20 shall be provided at the ac output of the inverter Surge protective devices shall have a nominal discharge current rating (I n ) of 20kA 8/20 µs per mode.

197 16 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM The short-circuit current rating of the SPD shall be coordinated with the prospective fault current of the inverter The VPR of the SPD shall be no greater than those given in Table For distribution system voltages exceeding the values in Table , the VPR shall be permitted to be three times the ac output voltage of the inverter The maximum rated ambient temperature of the SPD shall not be exceeded Grounding Ground-Mounted Systems Systems that include a metallic structure shall be grounded in accordance with , utilizing a ground ring electrode encompassing the perimeter of each array Combinations of other grounding electrodes in Section 4.13 shall be permitted Ground ring electrodes of adjacent ground-mounted systems within 25 ft (7.6 m) shall be interconnected Systems that rely on the metallic structure to form parts of the lightning protection system shall be made electrically continuous by the methods specified in For solar arrays that do not rely on the metallic structure to form part of the lightning protection system, each separate row or structure shall be bonded at one location direct directly to the ground ring electrode * Solar arrays that do not rely on the metallic structure to form part of the lightning protection system shall be electrically continuous Roof-Mounted Systems Solar arrays shall be bonded in accordance with Section * Solar arrays shall be made electrically continuous If the structure forms part of or is within the required separation distance from the lightning protection system, the metallic structure of the system shall be made electrically continuous in accordance with Chapter Roof conductors interconnecting strike termination devices protecting roof-mounted solar panels shall be provided with down conductors and grounding electrodes in accordance with Chapter Roof conductors interconnecting strike termination devices protecting roof-mounted solar panels shall be connected to the structure lightning protection system in accordance with Chapter 4. Supplemental Information File Name Description FR-120.pdf Figure (1) and Figure (2) FR_120_Annex_text.docx FR-120 Annex text. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Fri Sep 26 12:26:02 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee The TC updates Chapter 12 to clarify requirements, incorporate industry feedback and correlate to other standards of

198 17 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Statement: the same subject matter. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Oct 10, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Terra displays this text as struck through. Per Megan, "The references are generated text, and it s trying to do a compare on the underlying coding. It will look fine for ballot after the Arbortext work has been done, and you can clarify it in the statement if you need to. It is probably OK if you click Hide mark-up. " Nov 21, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Retain existing A and A text Public Input No. 191-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 154-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 155-NFPA [Section No ] Public Input No. 237-NFPA [New Section after A ] Public Input No. 215-NFPA [Chapter 12]

199 FR_120 Annex text A For protection of the electrical and mechanical systems associated with solar arrays, it is desirable to maximize the distance between the lightning air terminals and conductors, and the solar array panels, electrical control systems, and cabling. Locating strike termination devices directly on the racking could result in subsequent damage to the solar array in the event of a direct lightning strike to the lightning protection system. If direct mounting to the rack is unavoidable consideration should be given to additional shielding, separation or surge protection of the associated electrical and mechanical systems of the solar array.

200 18 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 13-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A Combination Waveform Generator. For the open-circuit waveform, the front time = 1.67 (t 90 t 30), where t 90 and t 30 are times to the 90 percent and the 30 percent amplitude points on the leading edge of the waveform. The duration of this waveform will be the time between virtual origin and time to the 50 percent point on the tail. (Virtual origin is the intersection of the line connecting t 90 and t 30, with V = 0.) For the short-circuit waveform, the front time = 1.25 (t 90 t 10), where t 90 and t 10 are times to the 90 percent and the 10 percent amplitude points on the leading edge of the waveform. The duration will be the time between virtual origin and time to the 50 percent point on the tail. (Virtual origin is the intersection of the line connecting t 90 and t 10, with I = 0.) Supplemental Information File Name FR-13.docx Description FR-13 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 18:50:07 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC revises the text so the font for t, V and I in the equations are in italics. Response Message: Public Input No. 204-NFPA [Section No. A.3.3.6]

201

202 19 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 68-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A Main-size lightning conductors are not manufactured to standard American Wire Gauge (AWG) sizes. Bare AWG conductors are not typically listed for the purpose for lightning protection by any listing authority. Table A provides comparisons between lightning protection conductors and the closest AWG sizes are from Table 8 in Chapter 9 of NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, 2014, Chapter 9, Table 8. Table A Lightning Protection Conductors Lightning Conductor Area A. Class I main-size copper lightning conductor 57,400 cir. mils #2 AWG 66,360 cir. mils #3 AWG 52,620 cir. mils B. Class I main-size aluminum lightning conductor 98,600 cir. mils #1 AWG 83,690 cir. mils #1/0 AWG 105,600 cir. mils C. Class II main-size copper lightning conductor 115,000 cir. mils #1/0 AWG 105,600 cir. mils #2/0 AWG 133,100 cir. mils D. Class II main-size aluminum lightning conductor 192,000 cir. mils #3/0 AWG 167,800 cir. mils #4/0 AWG 211,600 cir. mils Lightning bonding conductor Copper 26,240 cir. mils #6 AWG 26,240 cir. mils Lightning bonding conductor Aluminum 41,100 cir. mils #4 AWG 41,740 cir. mils Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 16:00:15 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text to remove the extraneous "are". Response Message: Public Input No. 156-NFPA [Section No. A ]

203 20 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 89-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A For structures 60 ft (18 m) or less in height, a loop conductor should be provided for the interconnection of all grounding electrodes and other grounded media. Regardless of the building height, ground loop conductors should be installed underground in contact with earth. Ground-level potential equalization allows use of a ground ring electrode as a ground loop conductor. A ground ring electrode conforming to can be utilized for will be the most efficient method to meet the ground loop conductor requirement. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 13:18:08 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies the information in the annex by eliminating redundant wording. Response Message: Public Input No. 250-NFPA [Section No. A ]

204 21 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 97-NFPA [ Section No. A.4.16 ] A.4.16 See Annex C for a technical discussion of lightning protection potential-equalization bonding and isolation. In addition to the bonding of metal bodies, surge suppression should be provided to protect power, communication, and data lines from dangerous overvoltages and sparks caused by lightning strikes. Supplemental Information File Name FR-97.docx Description FR-97 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 16:33:49 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC makes this change to correlate with changes made in other clauses to better explain isolation principles. Response Message: Public Input No. 183-NFPA [Section No. A.4.16]

205 FR-97 A.4.16 See Annex C for a technical discussion of lightning protection potential-equalization bonding and isolation. In addition to the bonding of metal bodies, surge suppression should be provided to protect power, communication, and data lines from dangerous overvoltages and sparks caused by lightning strikes.

206 22 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 18-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A SPDs should be considered on branch distribution panels 100 ft (30 m) or more from the primary service entrance panel where the electrical equipment fed by the panel is susceptible to overvoltages and determined to be mission critical or critical to life safety. Inductive coupling of electrical and magnetic fields can result in surges sufficient to cause damage to susceptible electrical equipment. Permanent failure of electrical and electronic systems due to lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) can be caused by can result from conducted and induced surges transmitted to an apparatus via connecting wiring as well as the effects of radiated electromagnetic fields impinging directly onto the apparatus itself. Protection at primary panels and subpanels (coordinated SPD system) is a recommended technique to reduce those such effects. To reduce the probability of failure of mission-critical equipment or equipment that is critical to life safety, surge protection should also be considered on branch distribution panels powering this equipment. IEC , Protection Against Lightning Part 4: Electrical and Electronic Systems Within Structures,suggest that the impedance resulting from recommends that the length of system wiring between the point at which the SPD is installed and that of the equipment being protected be no greater than 30 ft (10 m) of wiring from an SPD can be sufficient to allow overvoltages of magnitudes that can result in failure of susceptible electrical equipment. To reduce the probability of failure of mission-critical equipment or equipment that is critical to life safety, surge protection should be considered where the distance between the SPD at the service entrance exceeds 100 ft (30 m). Induced voltages can be reintroduced onto long lengths of system wiring, which will add to the protection level ( U p) of the SPD. If this level exceeds the withstand level ( U w) of the equipment being protected, the protection afforded by the SPD might not be adequate. In such a case, the installer should locate an SPD closer to the point of utilization of the equipment. This same philosophy extends to protection of service panels. Depending on the presence of other protective measures (such as shielding, etc.), SPDs should be considered on branch distribution panels as close as 30 ft (10 m) or more from the primary service entrance panel where the electrical equipment fed by the panel is susceptible to overvoltages. Inductive coupling of electrical and magnetic fields can result in surges sufficient to cause damage to susceptible electrical equipment. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 12:00:20 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC revises the text to reduce redundant information and add clarity of intended content of the annex material. Response Message: Public Input No. 162-NFPA [Section No. A ] Public Input No. 211-NFPA [Section No. A ]

207 23 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 19-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A Surges can be induced upon any line entering a structure. Where installed, branch panels over 100 ft (30 m) from the service entrance should have L G or L N and N G modes of protection. Additionally, L L protection is also permitted although this is usually achieved by the L N modes across two phases. L L protection is achieved by the L N modes across two phases. The following modes of protection are possible to minimize voltage differences between the individual conductors: (1) Line-to-line (L L) protection places the SPD between the current-carrying conductors in a power system. (2) Line-to-neutral (L N) protection places the SPD between the current-carrying conductors and the grounded conductor (neutral) in a power system. (3) Line-to-ground (L G) protection places the SPD between the current-carrying conductors and the grounding conductor (ground) in a power system. (4) Neutral-to-ground (N G) protection places an SPD between the grounded conductor (neutral) and the grounding conductor (ground) in a power system. This mode of protection is not required at the service entrance (primary service panel board) if the neutral-to-ground bond is implemented at this location or within proximity of this point of installation. Thus, in general, an SPD with only L L and L N modes of protection might be required at the service entrance. (5) Common mode is a term used for a mode of protecting telecommunications, data lines, and so forth. This mode places the SPD between the signal conductor and ground. It is analogous to L G mode in power systems. (6) Differential mode is a term used for a mode of protecting telecommunications, data lines, and so forth. In this mode, an SPD is placed between the individual signal lines, analogous to the L L mode of protection in power systems. Supplemental Information File Name FR-19.docx Description FR-19 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 12:09:36 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC edits the text because the deleted sentence restated what was already said in parentheses in the previous sentence. Public Input No. 163-NFPA [Section No. A ]

208 FR-19 Surges can be induced upon any line entering a structure. Where installed, branch panels over 100 ft (30 m) from the service entrance should have L G or L N and N G modes of protection. Additionally, L L protection is also permitted (although this is usually achieved by the L N modes across two phases). L L protection is achieved by the L N modes across two phases. The following modes of protection are possible to minimize voltage differences between the individual conductors: (1) Line-to-line (L L) protection places the SPD between the current-carrying conductors in a power system. (2) Line-to-neutral (L N) protection places the SPD between the current-carrying conductors and the grounded conductor (neutral) in a power system. (3) Line-to-ground (L G) protection places the SPD between the current-carrying conductors and the grounding conductor (ground) in a power system. (4) Neutral-to-ground (N G) protection places an SPD between the grounded conductor (neutral) and the grounding conductor (ground) in a power system. This mode of protection is not required at the service entrance (primary service panel board) if the neutral-to-ground bond is implemented at this location or within proximity of this point of installation. Thus, in general, an SPD with only L L and L N modes of protection might be required at the service entrance. (5) Common mode is a term used for a mode of protecting telecommunications, data lines, and so forth. This mode places the SPD between the signal conductor and ground. It is analogous to L G mode in power systems. (6) Differential mode is a term used for a mode of protecting telecommunications, data lines, and so forth. In this mode, an SPD is placed between the individual signal lines, analogous to the L L mode of protection in power systems.

209 24 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 20-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A The effectiveness of the SPD is based on the impedance of the path to ground. A lower ground resistance impedance minimizes voltage differences of conductors attached to SPDs near the service entrance and reduces the chance of arcing or insulation breach. Consequently, it is essential to minimize impedance in this circuit. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 12:12:33 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text as impedance is the more appropriate term. Response Message: Public Input No. 85-NFPA [Section No. A ]

210 25 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 27-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A Additional vertical or horizontal ground ring grounding electrodes could be used in combination with the ground ring electrode. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 15:48:27 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC corrects a typographical error. Response Message: Public Input No. 57-NFPA [Section No. A.9.4.2]

211 26 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 11-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A If a metal with the area given by the equations in is subject to the lightning heating (action integral) required to raise the temperature of a copper conductor with an area of in. 2 (21 mm 2 ) from a nominal temperature of 77 F (298 K) to the melting point of copper, then its temperature would be raised to the melting point of the metal. Values for silicon bronze and stainless steel are given in Table A (a)or and Table A (b). Table A (a) Areas for Main Conductor Not Containing Electrical Wiring (inch-pound units) Metal C p (BTU/lb F) m D (lb m /in. 2 ) ρ (Ω in.) MP ( F) Area (in. 2 ) Silicon bronze Stainless steel Table A (b) Areas for Main Conductor Not Containing Electrical Wiring (metric units) Metal C p (J kg -1 K -1 ) D (kg m -3 ) ρ (Ω m) MP (K) Area (mm 2 ) Silicon bronze Stainless steel Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 18:42:45 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text as the parameter (area) was missing. Response Message: Public Input No. 103-NFPA [Section No. A ]

212 27 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 10-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A A main conductor is designed to conduct an appreciable fraction all of the lightning current, typically in a vertical direction. Close to the water, and especially inside the hull below the waterline, the optimum direction for a main conductor is perpendicular to the hull directly inboard of the grounding electrode in contact with the water. A bonding conductor is intended to conduct the relatively small currents required to equalize potentials between conducting fittings and the lightning protection system. The optimum orientation for bonding conductors is parallel to the water surface and the best location is as far from the water surface as is practicable. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 17:59:01 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC edits the text. A main conductor is designed to conduct all of the lightning current and not always in a vertical direction. Response Message: Public Input No. 65-NFPA [Section No. A ]

213 28 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 4-NFPA [ Section No. A ]

214 29 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM A

215 30 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Chapter 11 pertains to lightning protection of airfield lighting systems. These systems are installed underground in both paved (i.e., full-strength pavement and shoulder pavement) and unpaved areas. The protected components include in-pavement fixtures, elevated fixtures, airfield signs, underground power, communications systems, control and signal circuits, and components of runway, taxiway, and apron lighting systems. These systems are installed on the portions of an airport that encompass the approach, departure, landing, takeoff, taxiing, and parking areas for aircraft and include runways, taxiways, and other parts of an airport used for taxiing, takeoff, and landing of aircraft, ; loading ramps, ; and parking areas exclusive of building-mounted helipads, approach light structures, and antennas. This chapter could also apply to other areas with airfield lighting systems. There are two generally accepted methods for providing lightning protection for airfield lighting circuits: equipotential and isolation and equipotential. The isolation equipotential method, which is described in , is shown in Figure A (a). The equipotential isolation method, which is described in , is shown in Figure A (b). The two methods should not be employed on a single circuit. The designer should select the installation method based upon sound engineering practices and the success of the selected method in previous installations. Figure A (a) Isolation Method for Edge Lights Installed in Turf ( Stabilized Soil ). Figure A (a) Equipotential Method.

216 31 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Figure A (b) Isolation Method for Edge Lights Installed in Turf ( or Stabilized Soil). Supplemental Information File Name Figure_A pdf Description Figure A Submitter Information Verification

217 32 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Submitter NFPA User ID: Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Mon Sep 22 15:42:59 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC chooses to reorder these sections to better organize the Chapter. The reordering provides better continuity of the chapter requirements. Reordering the document makes the intent more precise and considerably more understandable. Response Message: Public Input No. 123-NFPA [Section No. A ]

218 33 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 14-NFPA [ Section No. A ] A Aboveground items, such as approach light masts elevated support structures, can be protected in accordance with Chapter 4. Supplemental Information File Name FR-14.docx Description FR-14 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 10:51:06 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC edits the text to clarify that approach light masts are generally not equipped with a lightning protection system but elevated support structures may.

219 FR-14 A Aboveground items such as approach light masts elevated support structures can be protected in accordance with Chapter 4.

220 34 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 98-NFPA [ Section No. C.1 ] C.1 General. Lightning strikes can give rise to harmful potential differences in and on a building. The major concern in the protection of a building is the occurrence of potential differences between the conductors of the lightning protection system and other grounded metal bodies and wires belonging to the building. These potential differences are caused by resistive and inductive effects and can be of such a magnitude that dangerous sparking can occur. In order to reduce the possibility of sparking, it is necessary to equalize potentials by bonding grounded metal bodies to the lightning protection system. Where a structure can be designed to isolate the largest quantity of grounded systems from the lightning protection system components, this should be considered. Maintaining separation distances beyond the bonding distance requirements for building grounded systems above grade might include placing all main feeders in the building center or core to avoid the lightning protection down conductors and structural bonding around the building perimeter. Planning the construction in this manner can eliminate the need for interior bonding except for system branches extending near the perimeter system. All grounded metallic systems require bonding at grade in accordance with Section 4.14, and systems extending vertically more than 60 ft (18 m) require bonding in accordance with Sections 4.15 and Where installing (or modifying) lightning protection systems on existing structures, bonding of certain grounded metal bodies can present difficult installation problems due to the inaccessibility of building systems. Placement of conductors to avoid grounded Isolating lightning protection system elements to provide separation distance from grounded metal bodies or increasing the number of down conductors to shorten the required bonding distances are options that can be used to overcome these problems. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 16:37:08 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC adds annex material to further describe isolation and separation distance and to coordinate with changes made to referenced material in Paragraph 4.15 and Paragraph Public Input No. 184-NFPA [Section No. C.1]

221 35 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 99-NFPA [ Section No. E.1.2 ] E.1.2 If the building is small and the lightning protection system can be disconnected totally from any other grounding network, the resistance of the system can be measured by the three-point technique described in E.1.3. If the building is large or cannot be disconnected totally from any other grounding network, then the ground resistance of individual isolated individually disconnected lightning protection ground rods should be measured by the three-point technique described in E.1.3with the measured resistance values used to estimate the overall resistance of the grounding systems. IEEE 142, Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems, provides a method for calculating overall system grounding resistance by dividing the measured value of an individual grounding electrode by the number of electrodes in the system and multiplying this resistance multiplied value by a factor depending on F related to the number of ground rods electrodes in the grounding system. Supplemental Information File Name FR-99.docx Description FR-99 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 16:43:50 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies that the isolation discussed in the clause refers to disconnecting the grounding electrode from other grounded items for the purpose of testing. The TC also clarifies procedures that may be used to calculate system grounding resistance from measurements of individual components. Response Message: Public Input No. 93-NFPA [Section No. E.1.2] Public Input No. 190-NFPA [Section No. E.1.2]

222 FR-99 If the building is small and the lightning protection system can be disconnected totally from any other grounding network, the resistance of the system can be measured by the three-point technique described in E.1.3. If the building is large or cannot be disconnected totally from any other grounding network, then the ground resistance of individually disconnected lightning protection ground rods should be measured by the three-point technique described in E.1.3 with the measured resistance values used to estimate the overall resistance of the grounding systems. The IEEE Green Book (IEEE ) provides a method for calculating overall system grounding resistance by dividing the measured value of an individual grounding electrode by the number of electrodes in the system and multiplying this value by a factor F related to the number of electrodes in the grounding system.

223 36 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 70-NFPA [ Section No. G.1.2 ] G.1.2 Masts and Overhead Ground Wires. Masts (poles) on opposite sides of the grounds and near the edges should be erected. Overhead wires should be strung between the masts at least 20 ft (6 m) above the ground level. Down conductors should be connected to the overhead wires with grounding electrodes. Down conductors should be shielded to a height of not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) with material resistant to impact and climate conditions. The wires should be not less than 4 AWG copper or equivalent. Where steel masts are used, down leads are not necessary, but the foot of the mast should be grounded. If the area to be protected is extensive, it might be necessary to erect several masts around the perimeter so that the area is covered by a network of wires to form a zone of protection. (See Figure for an example.) Masts (poles) located on opposite ends of or around the perimeter of picnic grounds or playgrounds to be protected are the most efficient method to protect a large open area. For larger areas, the interconnection of the masts using overhead ground wires could be necessary to provide sufficient protection for the area to be protected. Where wooden masts are used, the top of the mast must be equipped with an air terminal to provide a primary attachment point for the lightning strike. It is necessary to provide down conductors between the overhead wires or air terminals and installed grounding electrodes. The down conductors and overhead ground wires should be of a size equivalent to main-size conductors or larger. Conductive masts do not require air terminals or down conductors but the masts must be grounded. Down conductors and metallic masts should be shielded to a height of not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) with material resistant to impact and climate conditions. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Sep 24 16:09:54 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC edits the paragraph to conform with the requirements of Chapter 4. The TC removes the reference to Public Input No. 292-NFPA [Section No. G.1.2] Public Input No. 236-NFPA [Section No. G.1.2]

224 37 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 108-NFPA [ Section No. L.2 ] L.2 Lightning Flash Density (N g G ). Lightning flash density, the yearly number of flashes to ground per square kilometer, can be found in Figure L.2. Figure L Average U.S. Lightning Flash Density Map (flashes Flashes per square kilometer Square Kilometer per year Year ).(Courtesy Vaisala, Inc.) Supplemental Information File Name Figure_L.2.pdf Description Figure L.2 map Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 18:19:31 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the flash density map and title to the most current edition. The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Public Input No. 244-NFPA [Section No. L.2]

225

226 38 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 130-NFPA [ Sections L.3, L.4 ] L.3 Annual Threat of Occurrence (N d D ). The yearly annual threat of occurrence (lightning strike frequency) (N d D ) to a structure is determined by the following equation: where: N D = yearly lightning strike frequency to the structure or object N G = lightning ground flash density in flashes/km 2 /year A D = the equivalent collection area of the structure (m 2 ) C D = environmental coefficient L.4 Equivalent Collection Area (A ). e D A refers to the equivalent ground area having the equivalent lightning flash vulnerability as the structure. It is an area adjusted e D for the structure that includes the effect of the height and location of the structure. L.4.1 The equivalent ground collection area of a structure is the area obtained by extending a line with a slope of 1 to 3 from the top of the structure to ground completely around the structure. The equivalent collection area can be developed either numerically or by graphical methods. L The equivalent collection area of a rectangular structure with length L, width W, and height H(see Figure L.4.1.1) is as follows: Figure L Calculation of the Equivalent Ground Collection Area for a Rectangular Structure. [L.3] [L.4.1.1]

227 39 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM L The equivalent collection area of complex structures can be developed by numerical or graphical methods. [See Figure L.4.1.2(a) and Figure L.4.1.2(b) for examples of complex structures.] Figure L.4.1.2(a) Calculation of the Equivalent Collection Area for a Complex Shape Structure Where a Prominent Part Encompasses All Portions of the Lower Part. Figure L.4.1.2(b) Graphical Solution of the Equivalent Collection Area for a Structure Where a Prominent Part Encompasses Part of the Lower Structure. L.4.2 The location factor accounts for the topography of the site of the structure and any objects located within the distance 3H from the structure that can affect the collection area. Location factors are given in Table L.4.2. Table L.4.2 Location Factor, C1 C D Relative Structure Location C 1 D Structure surrounded by taller structures or trees within a distance of 3H 0.25 Structure surrounded by structures of equal or lesser height within a distance of 3H 0.5 Isolated structure, with no other structures located within a distance of 3H 1 Isolated structure on hilltop 2

228 40 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM L.4.3 Where the equivalent collection area of one structure or object totally encompasses another structure, the covered structure is disregarded. L.4.4 When Where the collection areas of several structures overlap, the corresponding common collection area is considered as a single collection area. Supplemental Information File Name L.3.pdf Figure_L.4.1.2_a_.pdf Figure_L.4.1.2_b_.pdf Description Text for L.3, L.4 and L Figure L.4.1.2(a) Figure L.4.1.2(b) Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 09:58:47 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 17, 2014 M. Beady Comp - two updated equations in this FR

229 41 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 132-NFPA [ Section No. L ] L A simplified risk assessment calculates the tolerable lightning frequency (N c C ) and compares it to the annual threat of occurrence (N d N D ) calculated according to Section L.3. The tolerable lightning frequency (N c C ) is a measure of the risk of damage to the structure, including factors affecting risks to the structure, to the contents, and of environmental loss. It is calculated by dividing the acceptable frequency of property losses by various coefficients relating to the structure, the contents, and the consequence of damage. The tolerable lightning frequency is expressed by the following formula: [L.5.1.1] where: C = (C 2 )(C 3 )(C 4 )(C 5 ) The default value of tolerable frequency of property losses is Supplemental Information File Name L._5.1.1_Formula.bmp Description L Formula Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 10:28:02 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 17, 2014 M. Beady Comp - please see attached pdf for equation update

230 42 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 133-NFPA [ Section No. L ] L Table L provides a simple method of calculating and using the assessment methods described in Section L.5. Table L Simplified Risk Calculation Data Input Equations Computation Result Equivalent collection area: A A = LW + 6H(L + W) + π9h 2 * E D Expected annual threat occurrence: N = (N )(A )(C )(10 6 ) D G D 1 D Tolerable lightning frequency to the structure: N = ( )/C, c C C where C = (C )(C )(C )(C ) If N N, an LPS could be optional. D D C If N > N, an LPS is recommended. D D C L = W = H = H 2 = N = g D A = e D C = 1 D C = 2 C = 3 C = 4 C = 5 C = A D = N D = N C = *Use the appropriate collection area calculation as defined in L Supplemental Information File Name Table_L pdf Description Table L Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 10:33:53 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message:

231 43 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 134-NFPA [ Section No. L.6.2 ] L.6.2 Values of Tolerable Risk (R T ). Values of tolerable levels of loss could be selected by the owner, the owner s representative, or the authority having jurisdiction. Default values that can be used where risk levels are not provided by other sources are given in Table L.6.2. Table L.6.2 Typical Values of Tolerable Lightning Risk ( R T ) Type of Loss R T T /year Loss of life or injury Loss of service 10 3 Loss of historical significance 10 3 Supplemental Information File Name Table_L.6.2.pdf Description Table L.6.2 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 10:39:42 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message:

232 44 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 135-NFPA [ Section No. L.6.6 [Excluding any Sub-Sections] ] Each component of risk, R, depends on the average annual threat of occurrence, N (strikes in the area of interest), the X x X probability of damage, P (or step and touch voltages to humans), and the expected loss related to the event, L. The value of X x X each component of risk, R, can be calculated using the following expression: X where: N X = number of lightning strikes affecting the structure or service P X = probability of damage L X = loss factor Specific formulas for the calculation of the risk components identified in L.6.4 are given in Table L.6.6. Table L.6.6 Risk Components Formulas [L.6.6] Risk Component R = N P L R = N P L A d A A A D A A R = N P L R = N P L B d B B B D B B R = N P L R = N P L C d C C C D C C R = N P L R = N P L M M M M M M M M R = ( N + N ) P L R = ( N + N ) P L U L da U U U L DJ U U R = ( N + N ) P L R = ( N + N ) P L V L da V V V L DJ V V Descriptor Risk of injury due to direct strike to structure Risk of physical damage to structure due to a direct strike to the structure Risk of failure of internal systems due to direct strike to structure Risk of failure of internal systems due to strike near structure Risk of injury due to strike to incoming service Risk of physical damage due to direct strike to incoming service R = (N + N ) P L R = ( N W L da W W W L Risk of failure of internal systems due to direct strike to incoming + N ) P L service DJ W W R Z = ( N I N L ) P Z L Z R Z = ( N I N L ) P Z L Z Risk of failure of internal systems due to strike near incoming service Supplemental Information File Name Table_L.6.6.pdf Description Table L.6.6 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 10:54:22 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message:

233 45 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 136-NFPA [ Section No. L ] L The calculation of the annual threat of occurrence resulting from a direct strike to a structure (N d D ) is calculated as per Section L.3. Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 10:58:51 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message:

234 46 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 137-NFPA [ Sections L , L ] L The annual threat of occurrence due to strikes near a structure (N M M ) is given by the following equation (see Figure L ) : where: N g G = lightning ground flash density in flashes/km 2 /year (see Section L.2) [L ] A m M = collection area of flashes near the structure (m 2 ) (see Figure L ) A = 2 e D equivalent collection area of the structure (m ) (see Section L.4 ) Figure L ) C = environmental coefficient (see Table L.4.2) 1 D The collection area (A ) for flashes near the structure includes the area extending a distance of m ( ft) m M around the perimeter of the structure. For cases where N is negative, a value of 0 is assigned to N. M M M Figure L Collection Areas ( A, A, A, A, A ). (Source: IEC.) D M L DJ I L The annual threat of occurrence due to a strike to an incoming service (N L L ) is characterized by the following formula: where: N g G = lightning ground flash density in flashes/km 2 /year (see Section L.2) [L ] A = 2 L I collection area of flashes striking the service (m ) (see Figure L ) C = environmental coefficient of the incoming service (same as for structures per Table L.4.2) D C = correction factor for the presence of an HV/LV transformer located between the point of strike and the structure t T Where the value of l L (used in the determination of A ) is not known, a value of 1 km is assumed for the assessment. A c C l I default value of 500 Ωm can be used for soil resistivity (ρ) where this value cannot be determined. If the installation incorporates underground cables run underneath a ground mesh, A could be assumed to be 0 for that cable l I set (N = 0). L L C applies to line sections between the transformer and the structure. A value of 0.2 is applicable for installations having a t T transformer located between the strike and the structure. Otherwise, a value of 1 is assigned to this variable. Supplemental Information File Name L pdf Description L and L Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org

235 47 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 11:03:56 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 17, 2014 M. Beady Comp - please note - updated equations

236 48 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 138-NFPA [ Sections L , L ] L The annual threat of occurrence due to flashes to an adjacent structure (N da DJ ) at the end of an incoming service can be estimated by using the following equation: where: N G = lightning ground flash density in flashes/km 2 /year (see Section L.2) [L ] A DJ = equivalent collection area of the adjacent structure (see Figure L , where A DJ = 40 L L and L L = the length of the incoming service) C D = environmental coefficient (see Table L.4.2) C T = correction factor for the presence of an HV/LV transformer located between the point of strike and the structure C t T applies to line sections between the transformer and the structure. A value of 0.2 is applicable for installations having a transformer located between the strike and the structure. Otherwise, a value of 1 is assigned to this variable. L The annual threat of occurrence due to flashes near a service (N ) can be estimated by using the following equation: I where: N G = lightning ground flash density in flashes/km 2 /year (see Section L.2) [L ] A = 2 I equivalent collection area of flashes to ground near the service (m ) (see Figure L ) C = service environmental coefficient (see Table L.6.7.1Table L Table L.6.7.1,) where A = 4000 L and L = the length D I L L of the incoming service) C = correction factor for the presence of an HV/LV transformer located between the point of strike and the structure T The collection area of the service ( A ) is related to the length l (see Table L ) at which a flash near the service could i c cause induced overvoltages not lower than 1.5 kv. Supplemental Information File Name L pdf Description L & L Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 11:31:27 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 17, 2014 M. Beady Comp - please note - updated equations

237 49 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 139-NFPA [ Sections L , L , L ] L The factors associated with the probability of injury (P A A ) due to a direct strike to a structure are primarily related to touch and step potentials. Default values for (P ) are given in Table L Table L Table L Table L A A L The factors associated with the probability of physical damage (P ) due to a direct strike to a structure are primarily related to B B the type of protection provided. Default values for (P ) are given in Table L Table L Table L Table L B B L The factors associated with the probability of failure of internal systems due to a direct strike (P ) are primarily related to the C C surge protection measures provided. Default values for P are given in Table L Table L Table L Table L C C SPD protection is effective to reduce P only in structures protected by a lightning protection system or in structures with a C C continuous metal or reinforced concrete frame. Supplemental Information File Name L pdf Description L Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 11:40:05 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message:

238 50 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 107-NFPA [ Section No. L ] L The probability that a strike near a structure will cause failure of internal systems (P M ) depends on the lightning protection measures implemented. These measures are characterized by a factor, K S, that takes into consideration protective measures such as the shielding effectiveness of the structure, any internal shielding provided, characteristics of internal wiring, and the rated impulse withstand voltage level (i.e., withstand voltage) of the system to be protected. Where SPDs are not installed at utilization equipment, or the SPDs at the utilization equipment are not properly coordinated with those installed at the service entrances, the value of P M to be used in the equation for the risk of failure of internal systems due to a strike near a structure (P M ) can be taken from Table L Table L Table L Table L Where coordinated SPDs are installed at the utilization equipment, the value of P M used in the computation of P M is the lower value between P C C and P M. For internal systems with equipment having rated impulse withstand voltage levels that are unknown or are less than 1.5 kv, a value of P M = 1 should be used in the assessment. The value of K S S is calculated using the following equation: [L a] where: K S1 = factor relating to the shielding effectiveness of the structure, lightning protection system, or other shields at the exterior boundary of the structure K S2 = factor relating to the shielding effectiveness of shields internal to the structure K S3 = factor relating to the characteristics of the internal wiring K S4 = factor relating to the rated impulse withstand voltage level of the system to be protected For continuous metal shields with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm, K S1 and K S2 should be assigned the value of 10-4 to 10-5 (scaled linearly). Where not otherwise known, the value of K S1 and K S2 can be evaluated by the following relationship as long as the equipment is located a distance, w, from the boundary shield: [L b] where: W M = distance measured in meters and given by a mesh grid spacing, the spacing between down conductors, or the spacing between structural steel columns, or rebar spacing in reinforced concrete structures and/or footers. In those structures where it is ensured that steel reinforcing bars are interconnected and terminated by approved grounding electrodes,w is the spacing between the reinforcing bars. If the equipment is located closer to the applicable boundary than the distance, W M w, the values of K S1 and K S2 should be doubled. In those cases where multiple internal boundaries exist, the resulting value of K S2 is the product of each individual value of K S2. Table L Table L Table L Table L provides values that can be selected for factor K S S 3 based on the configuration of internal wiring. For wiring contained in continuous metallic conduit that is properly bonded to the lightning protection grounding system, the selected value of K S3 from the table is multiplied by a factor of 0.1. The value of factor K S4 is evaluated by the following formula: where: U W = lowest rated impulse withstand voltage of the hardware individual components in the system under consideration [L c] Supplemental Information File Name L _Formula.pdf FR-107.docx Description L Formula FR-107 Submitter Information Verification

239 51 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Submitter NFPA User ID: Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 18:09:27 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC clarifies that the withstand voltage discussed is the rated impulse withstand voltage level of wiring and equipment. After the first use of the defined rated impulse withstand voltage level the shorter version of the term (withstand voltage) is introduced and used in the remainder of the annex with the exception of the call out for UW. The TC also determines that the hardware identified in the UW call out would be better defined by referring to it as individual components. The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. The TC updates the description of WM to include the spacing of the rebar grid in a reenforced concrete structure. Response Message: Public Input No. 240-NFPA [Section No. L ]

240 52 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 148-NFPA [ Sections L , L , L , L ] L The probability, P U U, that a lightning flash will result in injury to living beings due to touch voltage by a flash to a service entering the structure depends on the characteristics of the service shield, the rated impulse withstand voltage level of internal systems connected to the service, typical protection measures (e.g., physical restrictions, warning notices), and SPDs provided at the entrance of the service. Where SPDs are not provided for equipotential bonding, P U U is characterized by the probability of failure of internal systems due to a flash to the connected service, as shown in Table L.6.7.7Table L Table L Where SPDs are provided for equipotential bonding, the value of P U U to be used in the equation for the risk of injury to humans due to flashes to a service is the lower value between P C C and P U U. For unshielded services, a value of P U U = 1 is used. Where physical restrictions, warning notices, and so forth, are used, the value of P can be further reduced by multiplying it by P. U U A A L The probability of physical damage due to a strike to a service entering a structure (P ) depends on the service line shielding V V characteristics, the rated impulse withstand voltage level of internal systems connected to the service, and any SPDs provided. Where SPDs are not provided, the value of P is equal to the value of P. Where SPDs are provided, the value of P to V V U U V V be used in the equation for the risk of physical damage due to a strike to a service is the lower value between P and P. C C U U L The probability of a failure of internal systems due to a strike to a service entering a structure (P ) depends on the service line W W shielding characteristics, the rated impulse withstand voltage level of internal systems connected to the service, and any SPDs provided. Where SPDs are installed, the value of P is the lower value of P or P. Where SPDs are not installed, the W W C C U U value of P to be used in the equation for the risk of failure of internal systems due to a strike to a service is equivalent to the W W value of P. U U L The probability of a failure of internal systems due to a strike near a service entering the structure under consideration (P ) Z Z depends on the service line shielding characteristics, the impulse withstand voltage of internal systems connected to the service, and the protection measures provided. Where SPDs are not installed, the probability of failure of internal systems due to a flash near the connected service (P ) can be taken from Table L.6.7.8Table L Table L Where SPDs are installed, the Z Z value of P can be taken to be the lower value of P or P. Z Z C C Z Z Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: Richard Roux Organization: National Fire Protection Assoc Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Sat Nov 22 15:33:06 EST 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC revises the text to make it clear that the withstand voltage discussed is the rated impulse withstand voltage level of wiring and equipment. The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Public Input No. 241-NFPA [Sections L , L , L , L ]

241 53 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 140-NFPA [ Section No. L ] L Loss Factors. The value of L t L T, L f L F, and L o L O can be determined in terms of the relative number of victims from the following approximate relationship: where: L A = value for loss of human life n Z = number of possible endangered persons (victims) n t T = expected total number of persons (in the structure) [L.6.6.3] t p Z = time in hours per year for which the persons are present in a dangerous place, outside of the structure (L t L T only) or inside the structure ( L t T, L f L F, and L o L O ) Typical mean values of L t L T, L f L F, and L o L O, for use when the determination of n p z Z, n t T, and t p Z is uncertain or difficult, are given in Table L Table L Table L Table L L Injury to Humans. The following equation calculates the value of injury to humans: where: L A A = value for loss of human life L U U = value of loss of living being r T = reduction factor for type of surface soil or floor (see Table L Table L Table L ) L T = mean value of loss of life (see Table L.6.7.9Table L Table L ) L Physical Damage. The following equation calculates the value of loss from physical damage to the structure: where: L B B = value of loss due to direct strike to the structure L V V = value of loss due to strike to incoming service [L ] [L ] r p P = reduction factor for provisions taken to reduce consequences of fire (see Table L Table L Table L ) r f F = reduction factor for risk of fire to structure (see Table L Table L Table L ) h Z Z = factor for the kinds of hazard in the structure (see Table L Table L Table L ) L f F = mean value of physical damage loss (see Table L.6.7.8Table L Table L ) L Failure of Internal Systems. The following equation calculates the value of loss due to failure of internal systems: where: L C = value of loss due to direct strike to the structure L M = value of loss due to a strike near the structure L W = value of loss due to a strike to a service connected to the structure L Z = value of loss due to a strike near a service connected to the structure L O = mean value of loss of internal system (see Table L.6.7.8Table L Table L ) [L ] Supplemental Information File Name L pdf Description L.6.6.3, L , L and L

242 54 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 11:52:50 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 17, 2014 M. Beady Comp - updated equations

243 55 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 141-NFPA [ Sections L.6.7.1, L.6.7.2, L ] L Table L provides formulas for determining the collection areas of A l and A i. Table L Values of Collection Areas, Al and Ai Collection Area Aerial Buried A l 6 H c [ l c 3( H a + H b )] [ l c 3( H a + H b )] ρ A i 1000 l c 25 l c ρ A l = collection area of flashes striking incoming service (m 2 ) A i = collection area of flashes to ground near incoming service (m 2 ) H c = height of incoming service conductors above ground (m) l = length of incoming service section from structure to first point of transition (m) (a maximum value of l of 1 km should c c be used) H = height of structure connected at end a of incoming service (m) a H b = height of structure connected at end b of incoming service (m) ρ = resistivity of soil where service is buried (m) (a maximum value for ρ is 500 Ω-m). L Table L.6.7.1Table L Table L provides values for the service environmental coefficient (C ). e E Table L Service Environmental Coefficient, Ce E Service Environment C e E Urban with buildings exceeding 20 m high 0.01 Urban population greater than 50, Suburban residential on outskirts of cities 0.5 Rural settled areas outside of towns and cities 1 L Table L.6.7.2Table L Table L provides values for the probability P that a flash to a structure will cause shock to A A living beings due to dangerous touch and touch-and- step voltages. Table L Values of Probability (P ) That a Flash to a Structure Will Cause Shock to Living Beings Due to Dangerous Touch A and Touch-and- Step Voltages Protection Measure P A A No protection measures 1 Warning notices 0.1 Electrical insulation/isolation of exposed down conductor 0.01 Effective soil equipotentialization 0.01 Structural steel frame is used as the down conductor system 10-6 Note: If more than one protection measure is taken, the resulting value of P is the product of the applicable P values. A A A A Supplemental Information File Name L pdf Description L.6.7.1, L and L Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ]

244 56 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 11:58:34 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By Nov 8, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Content of Table L (now L.6.7.2) is unchanged except by Global

245 57 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 110-NFPA [ Section No. L ] L Table L.6.7.3Table L Table L provides values for the probability P B B of physical damage to a structure due to direct flashes to the structure. Table L Values of Probability (P B ) of Physical Damage to a Structure Due to Flashes to the Structure Type of Protection Provided P B B No protection provided 1 LPS based on m (150 ft) striking distance 0.1 LPS based on 30 m (100 ft) striking distance 0.05 Structure with a metal roof meeting the requirements of , and with continuous metal or reinforced concrete frame serving as a natural down conductor system with bonding and grounding in accordance with NFPA Structure with a metal roof meeting the requirements of , with reinforced concrete frame bonded to a down conductor system and bonding and grounding in accordance with NFPA 780 Note: Values other than those given in this table can be used when where justified by a detailed analysis of the protection provided Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 18:35:07 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC changes the 150 foot equivalence to 45 meters and reflects that reinforcing steel must be supported by down conductors to reflect a PB value of The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Public Input No. 115-NFPA [Section No. L.6.7.4] Public Input No. 116-NFPA [Sections L.6.7.4, L.6.7.5]

246 58 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 142-NFPA [ Sections L.6.7.5, L.6.7.6, L ] L Table L.6.7.4Table L Table L provides values for the probability P C C of failure of internal systems as a function SPD protection. Table L Values of Probability (P C ) as a Function of SPD Protection Provided SPD Protection Provided P C C No SPD protection 1 SPDs provided in accordance with Section Notes: (1) SPD protection is effective to reduce P only in structures protected by an LPS or in structures with a continuous metal or C C reinforced concrete frame where bonding and grounding requirements of Section 4.20 are met. (2) Shielded internal systems fed by wiring in lightning protective cable ducts or metallic conduits can be used in lieu of SPD protection. (3) Smaller values of P C C can be used where SPDs above and beyond those required by Section 4.20 and SPDs having better protection characteristics (higher current withstand capability, lower protective level, etc.) than the minimum specified in Section ( See Annex B of IEC , Protection Against Lightning, Annex B Part 2: Risk Management, for additional information). L Table L.6.7.5Table L Table L provides values for the probability P of failure of internal systems as a function of M M K. S S Table L Values of Probability (P ) as a Function of K M S K S S P M M > < L Table L.6.7.6Table L Table L provides values of K as a function of the type of internal wiring. S 3 S3 Table L Values of Factor (K ) as a Function of Internal Wiring S3 Type of Internal Wiring K S3 S3 Unshielded cable no routing precaution to avoid loops 1 Unshielded cable routing precaution to avoid large loops 0.2 Unshielded cable routing precaution to avoid loops up to 10 m Shielded cable with shield resistance of 20 > R > 5 Ω/km S S Shielded cable with shield resistance of 5 > R > 1 Ω/km S S Shielded cable with shield resistance of 1 > R Ω/km S S Note: Shielded cable includes those conductors installed within a metallic raceway. Submitter Information Verification

247 59 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Submitter NFPA User ID: Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 12:07:11 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message:

248 60 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 111-NFPA [ Section No. L ] L Table L.6.7.7Table L Table L provides values of the probability P U U of failure of internal systems due to a strike to a service connected to a structure. P U U is a function of the resistance of the cable shield and the impulse withstand voltage (U ) of the equipment. w W Table L Values of the Probability (P ) as a Function of the Resistance of the Cable Shield and the Impulse Withstand U Voltage (U ) of the Equipment w W Line Type Power lines or telecom lines Routing, Shielding, and Bonding Conditions Aerial or buried line, unshielded, or shielded, whose shield is not bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment 5 Ω/km < R < S S Shielded aerial or buried line whose shield is bonded to the same bonding bar as equipment 20 Ω/km 1 Ω/km < R S S < 5 Ω/km Withstand Voltage U w W (kv) R S S 1 Ω/km Notes: (1) R S S is the resistance of the cable shield, which can be obtained from the cable manufacturer. (2) In suburban/urban areas, an LV power line uses typically unshielded buried cable, whereas a telecommunication line uses a buried shielded cable with a shield resistance of 5 Ω/km. In rural areas, an LV power line uses an unshielded aerial cable, whereas a telecommunication line uses an aerial unshielded cable. An HV buried power line typically uses a shielded cable with a shield resistance in the order of 1 Ω/km to 5 Ω/km. (3) Values for U w W can be obtained from manufacturers and equipment suppliers. If the actual values are not readily available from other sources, the following typical values can be utilized: (a) For structures containing computer equipment: U w W = 1.5 kv (b) For a typical residential structure: U w W = 2.5 kv (c) For a typical business, hotel, hospital, etc., structure: U w W = 2.5 kv (d) For a typical light industrial structure: U w W = 4.0 kv (e) For a typical heavy industrial structure: U w W = 6.0 kv (f) Default value: U w W = 1.5 kv

249 61 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM L Table L.6.7.8Table L Table L provides values of probability P of failure of internal systems due to a strike near a Z Z service to a structure. P is a function of the resistance of the cable shield and the impulse withstand voltage (U ) of the Z Z w W equipment. Table L Values of the Probability (P ) as a Function of the Resistance of the Cable Shield and the Impulse Withstand Z Voltage (U ) of the Equipment w W Withstand Voltage U w W w (kv) Line Type Power lines Telecom lines Note: Values for U U can be obtained from manufacturers and equipment suppliers. If the actual values are not readily W w available from other sources the following typical values can be utilized: For structures containing computer equipment: U = 1.5 kv w W For a typical residential structure: U w W = 2.5 kv For a typical business, hotel, hospital, etc., structure: U w W = 2.5 kv For a typical light industrial structure: U w W = 4.0 kv For a typical heavy industrial structure: U w W = 6.0 kv Default value: U w W = 1.5 kv Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Thu Sep 25 18:42:14 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC revises the text to introduce the shortened term withstand voltage for impulse withstand voltage level and to clarify that the hardware discussed in the description of Uw in the equation for KS4 is the individual components in the system under consideration. The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Public Input No. 242-NFPA [Sections L.6.7.8, L.6.7.9]

250 62 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 143-NFPA [ Sections L , L , L , L , L ] L Table L.6.7.9Table L Table L provides typical mean values for loss of life, physical damage to a structure, or and failure of an internal system from a strike to or near a structure. Table L Typical Mean Values of Losses Type of Structure All types: persons inside building 10-5 All types: persons outside building 10-3 Loss of Life (L ) t T Physical Damage (L ) f F Hospitals Hotels, civil buildings Industrial, commercial, school Public entertainment, churches, museums Others Risk of explosion 10-1 Failure of Systems (L ) O O L Table L Table L Table L provides values of the reduction factor r as a function of the type of surface soil or a T floor. Table L Values of Reduction Factor (ra r ) as a Function of the Type of Surface of Soil or Floor T Type of Surface Contact Resistance (kω*) r a T Soil, concrete < Marble, ceramic Gravel, carpets Asphalt, linoleum, wood > *Values measured between a 4000 mm 2 electrode compressed with force of 500 N at a point of infinity. L Table L Table L Table L provides values of the reduction factor r as a function of provisions taken to p P reduce the consequences of fire. Table L Values of Reduction Factor (r ) as a Function of Provisions Taken to Reduce the Consequences of Fire p Provisions r p P No provisions or structure contains risk of explosion 1 Fixed manually operated extinguishing installations, manual alarm installations, hydrants, fireproof compartments, and/or protected escape routes 0.5 Protected against overvoltages and other damages, or fire fighters can arrive in less than 10 minutes, or fixed automatically 0.2 operated extinguishing installations or automatic alarm installed Note: If more than one provision has been taken, the value of r p P is the lowest of the relevant values.

251 63 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM L Table L Table L Table L provides values of the reduction factor r as a function of risk of fire for the f F structure. Table L Values of Reduction Factor (rf r ) as a Function of Risk of Fire of for a Structure F Risk of Fire r F Explosion a 1 High b 0.1 Ordinary c 0.01 Low d None e 0 a Structures with risk of explosion or structures that contain explosive mixtures of gases, dusts, or materials. b Structures with significant quantities of combustible materials and/or storage of significant quantities of flammable and combustible liquids (e.g., large warehouses, shipping terminals, big box stores, industrial facilities with flammable and combustible processes, printing, saw mills, plastics processing, paint dipping and spraying). c Structures with moderate quantities of combustible materials with minor storage areas that produce significant amounts of smoke, but no flammable or combustible liquids (e.g., small warehouses, mercantile, post offices, electronic plants, ordinary chemical plants, restaurant service areas, wood product assembly). d Structures with limited quantities of combustible materials and generally noncombustible construction (e.g., residences, churches, educational buildings, institutional, museums, offices, theaters). e Noncombustible construction with no exposed combustible contents. L Table L Table L Table L provides values for the hazard factor h of a structure. Z Table L Values of for Increasing the Loss Due to a Special Hazard Factor (h ) Z Kind of Hazard h Z No special hazard 1 Low level of panic (e.g., structures limited to two floors and the number of people not greater than 100) 2 Average level of panic (e.g., structures designed for cultural or sporting events with a number of people between 100 and 1000) 5 Difficulty of evacuation (e.g., structures with immobilized people, such as hospitals) 5 High level of panic (e.g., structures designed for cultural or sporting events with the number of people greater than 1000) 10 Hazard to surrounding area or environment 20 Contamination of surrounding area or environment 50 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 12:17:35 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message: Committee Notes: Date Submitted By

252 64 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Nov 8, 2014 [ Not Specified ] Title of Table L (was L ) is "Values for Increasing the Loss Due to Special Hazard Factor (hz)". Art needs to be updated.

253 65 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 144-NFPA [ Section No. L.6.8 ]

254 66 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM L.6.8

255 67 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Figure L.6.8 Figure L.6.8 provides a worksheet for detailed risk assessment. Figure L.6.8 Detailed Risk Assessment Worksheet.

256 68 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM

257 69 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM Supplemental Information File Name Figure_L.6.8.pdf Description Figure L.6.8 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address:

258 70 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Wed Oct 01 13:00:09 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: The TC updates the text in Annex L to be in accordance with the latest IEC document. Response Message:

259 71 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 24-NFPA [ Section No. M.2.6 ] M.2.6 If caught in a lightning storm with no shelter available, the following recommendations should be observed: (1) Seek depressed areas avoid mountaintops, hilltops, peaks, ridges, and other high places. (2) Seek dense woods avoid isolated trees. (3) If caught in an exposed area, crouch as low as possible to minimize risk of direct strike;, kneel on the ground, keeping keep your feet together. Put, and put your hands on your thighs. Do not place your hands on the ground. To minimize risk of direct strike, it is necessary to keep as low as possible. To minimize risk of step potential hazards, it is necessary to minimize the area of the body in contact with the ground. Do not lie flat. (4) Minimize the risk of step potential hazards by minimizing the area of your body in contact with the ground. Do not lie flat. It is best not to have any body parts in contact with earth. If a foam pad or an inflated air mattress is readily available, kneel or sit on it, leaving no body parts touching the ground. Sit or kneel on a backpack after placing the frame side down on the ground. If any body part must touch the ground, feet are preferred. Do not put hands in contact with earth. Supplemental Information File Name FR-24.docx Description FR-24 Submitter Information Verification Submitter NFPA User ID: rroux@nfpa.org Submitter Full Name: [ Not Specified ] Organization: [ Not Specified ] Telephone: Street Address: City: State: Zip: Submittal Date: Tue Sep 23 13:32:17 EDT 2014 Committee Statement and Meeting Notes Committee Statement: Response Message: The TC revises the text to agree with the latest recommendations of NOAA pamphlet Lightning Risk Management for Backcountry Campers and Hikers. Public Input No. 205-NFPA [Section No. M.2.6]

260 FR-24 M.2.6 If caught in a lightning storm with no shelter available, the following recommendations should be observed: (1) Seek depressed areas avoid mountaintops, hilltops, and other high places. (2) Seek dense woods avoid isolated trees. (3) If caught in an exposed area, crouch as low as possible to minimize risk of direct strike;, kneel on the ground, keeping feet together. and put Put your hands on your thighs. Do not place your hands on the ground. To minimize risk of direct strike, it is necessary to keep as low as possible. To minimize risk of step potential hazards, it is necessary to minimize the area of the body in contact with the ground. Do not lie flat. (4) To minimize risk of step potential hazards, it is necessary to minimize the area of the body in contact with the ground. Do not lie flat. It is best not to have any body parts in contact with earth. If a foam pad or an inflated air mattress is readily available, kneel or sit on it, leaving no body parts touching the ground. Sit or kneel on a backpack after placing the frame side down on the ground. If any body part must touch the ground, feet are preferred. Do not put hands in contact with earth.

261 72 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM First Revision No. 117-NFPA [ New Section after N.1 ] Annex J Reserved Protection of Smart Structures This annex is not part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational purposes only. J.1 Introduction. Protection of smart structures and the associated equipment is provided in this annex. Additional measures, beyond those specified in the earlier chapters of NFPA 780, are suggested for enhanced protection of smart structures equipment under lightning conditions. While the principles and methods in this standard provide adequate protection for structures subject to direct lightning and indirect surge effects, the nature of equipment in smart structures makes them more vulnerable. Due to the high degree of electrical interconnection, particularly data wiring, there are many more ways for surges to enter the most sensitive parts of the equipment. J.2 Description. Smart structures are characterized by a high degree of automation and interconnected systems. These interconnected systems are often widely distributed throughout the structure, or between adjacent structures. Typically, these systems have a large amount of control wiring and interfaces/apertures between equipment items and structures. J.3 Characteristics. A characteristic of smart structures is the presence of sensitive electronics. These electronics, often consisting of computers, alarm systems, transducers, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), audiovisual and other equipment need enhanced protection against the effects of lightning. Two primary techniques for enhanced protection are described in this annex, equipotential grounding and surge protection. J.4 Coordination of Trades. In smart structures, it is essential to coordinate the efforts of the trades to ensure comprehensive protection. Ideally, a prime contractor, architect, designer, engineer, etc., will plan for and oversee the installation of the electrical services, alarm systems, and other services to ensure the best installation practices described in this annex are followed. One of the most common problems in smart structures is the lack of potential equalization (isolated grounding and lack of bonding) arising from piecemeal, or sequential, uncoordinated installations of the electric service, telecommunications, antennas and other electronics used in smart structures. Otherwise, an installer of electronic equipment must consider and coordinate with other installers and the placement of the electrical service for maximum protection.

262 73 of 187 1/14/2015 2:00 PM J.5 Lightning Protection Zones. A lightning protection zone (LPZ) is an area or zone with a defined electromagnetic environment. For example, LPZ 0 represents the external lightning threat environment. It is subdivided into LPZ 0 A, which is the electromagnetic environment defined by the threat of a direct lightning strike (full or partial lightning surge current) and a nonattenuated lightning electromagnetic field (LEMP), and LPZ 0 B, which is subjected to the same electromagnetic environment but not subject to direct strikes. Equipment located in an LPZ 0 B environment could be subjected to partial lightning surge currents. Direct bond or SPD zones interior to the structure are characterized by exposure to surge current levels limited by current sharing, isolating interfaces and/or by SPDs at the boundary of the zone. The walls of the structure will likely attenuate the lightning electromagnetic field; the amount of which will be dependent on the actual construction techniques. The initial lightning protection zone in a structure is indicated as LPZ 1 and the specific environment required for the zone is dictated by the characteristics of the internal electrical equipment (where the LEMP severity is compatible with the withstand level of the internal systems enclosed). Where there is electrical equipment with greater sensitivity to the LEMP environment defined for LPZ 1, successive zones should be established. The boundary of an LPZ is defined by the protection measures employed. Figure J.5 provides the general application of the zone concept and identifies an application with two internal zones. Subsequent zones reflect the need for greater limitations of surge current which can be implemented through additional current sharing, isolating interfaces and/or and by additional SPDs at the boundary. Additional spatial shielding should be used to further attenuate the lightning electromagnetic field. Figure J.5 Concept of Lightning Protection Zones (Based on IEC , Protection Against Lightning Part 4: Electrical and Electronic Systems within Structures, Edition 2) J.6 Installation Types. Typically, in smart structures, there are two general types of installations. These consist of equipment rooms and distributed equipment. Equipment rooms house computers/servers, PLCs, alarm controls, telecommunications equipment, and similar equipment. Distributed equipment typically consists of remotely actuated controllers, relays, switches with motor or lighting equipment, sensors, cameras, other computers and controller inputs among other types of equipment. These installations correspond to LPZ 1 and/or LPZ 2. J.6.1 Equipment Rooms. It is essential to apply the lightning protection zone concept to the equipment rooms. A key feature for the protection of equipment rooms is equipotential bonding. J Equipotential Bonding. Equipotential bonding techniques serve the purpose of keeping all of the grounds at the same voltage to prevent damaging currents flowing into, or through the equipment. This subsection discusses techniques to establish effective equipotential for these installations. J Equipotential Ground Bus Bar. The equipotential ground bus bar (EGBB) is a single bonding point located near but external to the ac entrance switchgear or main panel. It serves as the central connection point for all grounding conductors and earth grounding electrodes. It is essential to connect all of the grounded media at a single point to avoid current flow back into or through equipment.