The History of Morse Code

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1 The History of Morse Code From the Railroad Telegraphers to the Wireless Ops 1

2 Samuel Morse, inventor 1836 Samuel Morse invents electric telegraph able to send messages up to 500 yards! 1842 Morse erects circuit between Wash. DC and Baltimore 38 miles; few interested 1844 Sends What God hath wrought to Capitol 1845 Forms the Magnetic Telegraph Company 1847 Received patent for electric telegraph 1847 Patent contested; built telegraph in Europe Paid $80,000; Netherlands to Turkey 1853 Invention upheld by U.S. Supreme Court 1872 Samuel Morse dies, 80 years old 2

3 Early American Telegraph Companies 1851 New York Telegraph Co. formed; lines from New York City to Boston & St. Louis. Based on Morse's success in Europe 1852 Dozens of other local companies formed but very limited due to no long lines 1854 Samuel Morse returns to United States 1856 New York Telegraph Co. buys up most local companies; renamed Western Union 1861 Western Union completes lines from Omaha to Sacramento coast-to-coast 1869 Transcontinental Railroad completed 3

4 Stringing the Line to Sacramento Western Union formed 1861 telegraph lines spanned the continent 4

5 Early Development 1861 Telegraph/Western Union becomes huge asset to Union Army during Civil War 1865 Western Union enters agreement with the railroads to share lines 1880s Railroads arrive in NM, TX, AZ; railroad & Western Union lines connect army forts for communications & the Indian Wars 1886 Geronimo, Nana, Naiche (son of Cochise), Mangas, etc. surrender at Skeleton Canyon 5

6 1880 Victorio Killed at Tres Castillos Mexico Telegraphed to Washington DC but not believed 6

7 1886 Geronimo Surrenders Nana, Natchez (Son of Cochise), Mangas, etc. Geronimo party at Socorro train depot enroute to Florida

8 Railroad and Western Union Telegraph Relay Stations Railroad telegraphers fastest growing career in America s 8

9 The main job of the railroad telegrapher was keeping track of trains and rolling stock between stations or the main lines 9

10 Dozens of Train Orders were sent daily to track regular train movements and Extras 10

11 A missed Train Order... 11

12 ... wasn't pretty!!! 12

13 Railroad Telegrapher Roy Carrejo 13

14 Railroad Telegrapher Roy Padilla 14

15 Dave Finley, N1IRZ (Socorro) 15

16 Famous Telegrams 16

17 Effective January 27, 2006, Western Union will discontinue all Telegram and Commercial Messaging Services. We regret any inconvenience this may cause you, and we thank you for your loyal patronage. 17

18 The Age of Wireless Marconi Wireless Company founded 1902 Guglielmo Marconi 18

19 Raising kite antenna for 1st Atlantic transmission, St. Johns, Newfoundland 1901 Telefunken Corporation formed 1903 fierce competitors to Marconi's maritime service 19

20 Any wireless operator who communicates with a Marconi ship will be immediately discharged from the Wireless Service Telefunken directive, 1911 Any wireless operator who communicates with a Telefunken ship will be immediately discharged from the Wireless Service Marconi directive,

21 The Titanic Lost at Sea April 15, ,517 people perished; 706 rescued 21

22 The Radiomen of Wireless station MGY Jack Phillips Silent Key Harold Bride Survived 22

23 Silent Key We listened to Jack Phillips sending status reports, CQD, SOS, and pleas for help until his key went silent. Marconi Radioman, NYC The origin of the term Silent Key 23

24 The only known photograph of the Titanic Radio Room MGY 24

25 Radio Room on the R.M.S. Olympic The Titanic's sister ship 25

26 The Key Used on the Titanic 26

27 Actual Titanic Telegram 27

28 Actual Titanic Telegram O Wireless Operator David Sarnoff in New York City 28

29 Actual telegram from owner of White Star Line to the Carpathia 29

30 A Sparkgap Station 30

31 Top 3 Radio Pioneers Lee De Forest ( ) 1906 invented triode tube st ship-to-shore message 1907 named his system radio 1916 patents regenerative rcvr 31

32 Top 3 Radio Pioneers Lee De Forest ( ) 1906 invented triode tube st ship-to-shore message 1907 named his system radio 1916 patents regenerative rcvr 1926 patent upheld Edwin Armstrong ( ) 1914 invented and patented regenerative receiver 1926 Supreme court awards patent to De Forest 1933 Patents FM radio 32

33 Top 3 Radio Pioneers Lee De Forest ( ) Wolfman Jack ( ) 1906 invented triode tube st ship-to-shore message 1907 named his system radio 1916 patents regenerative rcvr 1926 patent upheld Edwin Armstrong ( ) 1914 invented and patented regenerative receiver 1926 Supreme court awards patent to De Forest 1933 Patents FM radio 33

34 The Revolution of Radio Still going strong 100 years later 34

35 An Early QRPer 35

36 Mobile Installations 36

37 Maritime CW: KPH/KFS San Francisco 37

38 Maritime CW: KPH/KFS San Francisco 38

39 Maritime CW: KPH transmitters 39

40 Maritime CW: KPH transmitters 40

41 Typical shipboard Radio Room (CW days) 41

42 CW GOES QRT Red letter dates 1940s Morse code replaced by teletype for most news services, messaging except maritime 1970s Morse code eliminated by the railroads 1992 Conversion to GMDSS on ships begins (Global Marine Distress Safety System vs. manned CW) 1993 WCC closed; operated remotely from KPH 1995 Coast Guard ends monitoring CW distress freq. Commercial maritime CW stations begin to close 1999 KPH last station to end maritime CW; using SITOR June 1999 The death of commercial CW 42

43 KPH/K6KPH on Straight Key Night 43

44 The End... or, is it? 44

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