Components for modular microwave transverters. Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC in JN48iw
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1 Components for modular microwave transverters Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC in JN48iw
2 Content Multiband transverter systems Filters and multiplexers PLL-disciplined oscillators Transverters 2320 MHz transverter core 5760 MHz transverter core Further modules (planned) Conclusion 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 2
3 Multiband TVTR systems Multiband transverter systems Filters and multiplexers for multiband operation PLL-disciplined oscillators Transverters 2320 MHz transverter core 5760 MHz transverter core Further modules (planned) Conclusion 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 3
4 Single band transverter Single band single box transverter: all you need in one box, plus an external low gain PA 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 4
5 Multiband TVTR example 1 Multiple TVTRs each with PA in the tower 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 5
6 Multiband TVTR example 2 Multiband TVTR with PAs in the shack, RX preamps in the tower. Wideband feedhorn. 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 6
7 Shack or Tower what goes where? RX preamp and T/R-switch: o in the tower or even in the feed PA and PSU: o Solid state PA in the tower, PSU in the tower or shack o TWT in the shack/attic oder in the tower o Drive power typically dbm Transverter: o in the shack: environmentally stable, vibration free, easily accessible for service, 10 MHz easily available 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 7
8 DF9ICs planned multiband TVTR Multiband TVTR in the shack, all PAs and RX preamps in the tower One coaxial cable + one DC cable to the tower 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 8
9 Requirements for the TVTR core RX amp: low gain and sensitivity TX amp: low output power ( dbm) LO: o Lowspuriiand lownoise o 10 MHz input for OCXO/GPS lock IF interface: o Switcheable to each band o IF TX power up to 25/50 W o 2 RXs in same or on different bands 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 9
10 Content Multiband transverter systems Filters and multiplexers PLL-disciplined oscillators Transverters 2320 MHz transverter core 5760 MHz transverter core Further modules (planned) Conclusion 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 10
11 Multiplexer for 23/13/9/6 cm 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 11
12 Multiplexer? Several microwave signals over one cable at the same time 23 cm, 13 cm, 9 cm, 6 cm RX or low power TX (<1 W) Decent insertion loss (ca. 1 db) and isolation (>20 db) Microstrip on RO4003 substrate, e. g. no-tune For use in multiband TVTR systems 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 12
13 Multiplexer: possible structures Star topology: difficult Filter 1 Band 1 COMMON Filter 2 Band 2 Filter 3 Band 3 Cascaded drop filter topology: COMMON Drop filter 1 Drop filter 2 Drop filter 3 Band 4 Band 1 Band 2 Band Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 13
14 Multiplexer: basic element Bandpass drop and lowpass through 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 14
15 Multiplexer: PCB layout 3 elements cascaded and folded 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 15
16 Multiplexer: optional Bias-T application: signalling or telemetry (only small currents!) 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 16
17 Multiplexer: bandpass 5760 MHz 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 17
18 Multiplexer: bandpass 3400 MHz 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 18
19 Multiplexer: bandpass 2320 MHz 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 19
20 Multiplexer: lowpass 1296 MHz 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 20
21 More microstrip filters designs No-tune filters for simultaneous operation on 1296 and 2320 with dual band feed o Lowpass filter 1296 MHz with bandstop 2320 MHz o Highpass filter 2320 MHz (needs discrete capacitors) o Alternate solution: Bandstop filter 1296 MHz with bandpass 2320 MHz Printed microstrip on RO4003 substrate Can be used for RX or low power (10 W) TX 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 21
22 Lowpass 1296 with bandstop Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 22
23 Highpass Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 23
24 Bandstop 1296 with bandpass Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 24
25 Content Multiband transverter systems Filters and multiplexers PLL-disciplined oscillators Transverters 2320 MHz transverter core 5760 MHz transverter core Further modules (planned) Conclusion 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 25
26 Precise frequency helps for QSOs How much do we need for a sked? o 1296 MHz: 10-7 means 130 Hz error o 10 GHz: 10-8 means 100 Hz error o 122 GHz: 10-9 means 120 Hz error Various levels of temperature stability: o XO: o Amateur VHF OCXO: o Professional OCXO: Ageing: about per year 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 26
27 Frequency standards available commercial surplus GPS disciplined standard, e. g.. HP Z3801A OCXOs (standalone for portable operation also Rb standards Amateur GPS disciplined standard, e. g.. G3RUH 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 27
28 10 MHz distribution amplifier MAX 4022 (quad video buffer) with lowpass filter at the input 5 V regulator included, max. 100 ma Input/output 50 max. +5 dbm 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 28
29 Retrofit of existing transverters Standard LO chain VHF- XO Frequency multipliers LO signal with OCXO VHF- OCXO buffer Frequency multipliers LO signal with PL-VCXO 10 MHz VHF- VCXO +PLL buffer Frequency multipliers LO signal 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 29
30 Phase-locked VCXO (PL-VCXO) Short term stability (phase noise) of ordinary crystal oscillator Long term stability determined by external frequency standard Tuning range of VCXO must be sufficient to compensate temperature influence and ageing 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 30
31 Basic XO circuit C1 2,2n Similar to DB6NT XO and others: C2 10µ C3 2,2n L1 Neosid 5061 R1 100 C6 siehe Text RC lowpass in the supply voltage filters voltage regulator noise Careful compensation of the static capacitance of the crystal is needed T1 J310 R2 100 C5 siehe Text C4 2,2n Quarz siehe Text Now we add the tuning network and a buffer stage L2 2,2µ L3 siehe Text 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 31
32 VCXO circuit C1 2,2n C9 2,2n +8 V C2 10µ C3 2,2n L1 Neosid 5061 R1 100 C6 siehe Text L4 2,2µ L5 2,2µ D1 BB814 D2 BB814 T2 J310 R7 100 C10 2,2n VCXO out typ. +3 dbm T1 J310 R2 100 C5 siehe Text R3 10k C4 2,2n Quarz siehe Text R4 10k R5 10k L6 siehe Text L7 siehe Text Component values for 100 MHz: L2 2,2µ L3 siehe Text C7 220p C8 2,2n R6 4,7M D3 BB814 L8 2,2µ C5 22 pf C6 68 pf L3 470 nh L6 + L7 ca. 300 nh (total) 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 32
33 Varicaps Twin varicap for FM radios 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 33
34 Transfer function tuned crystal U a = 2,5 V 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 34
35 Transfer function tuned crystal U a = 0,5 V U a = 4,5 V 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 35
36 Oscillator tuning (f 0 =100 MHz) 1 Frequency deviation [khz] Tuning voltage [V] 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 36
37 Integrated PLL circuit 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 37
38 Complete circuit of PL-VCXO C2 10µ C3 2,2n C1 2,2n L1 Neosid 5061 T1 J310 R2 100 R1 100 C6 siehe Text C5 siehe Text C4 2,2n Quarz siehe Text L4 2,2µ L5 2,2µ D1 BB814 D2 BB814 R3 10k R4 10k R5 10k L6 siehe Text L7 siehe Text C9 2,2n T2 J310 R7 100 C11 100n C10 2,2n C18 100n C20 100n C17 10µ C19 10µ IC1 78L08 IC2 78L05 C16 10µ C21 100n D4 BAT V <100 ma VCXO out typ. +3 dbm L2 2,2µ L3 siehe Text C8 2,2n R6 4,7M C7 220p D3 BB814 L8 2,2µ 8 Kodierbrücken zur Konfiguration T3 J310 C22 100n R C12 2,2n C13 2,2n IC3 ADF4110/ IC4 PIC16F648A R R R9 10k C14 100n R10 1k C15 100n 10 MHz 1 Vss 50W PL-VCXO DF9IC 1/2008 R13 1k D5 LED 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 38 R14 1k D6 LED
39 Construction of PL-VCXO D2 BB814 D1 BB814 L2 C1 2,2µ 2,2n R1 100 C9 2,2n L3 C3 2,2n C18 L8 2,2µ D3 BB n L7 R3-R5 R6 4,7M je 10k L6 C8 C7 220p 2,2n C20 100n L4 2,2µ L5 2,2µ R9 10k C5 C6 R8 100 C12 2,2n C13 2,2n C11 100n IC3 ADF4110 C21 100n R13 1k R14 1k C22 100n C10 2,2n R7 100 C14 100n R10 1k C15 100n R R D1 BAT42 C16 10µ C17 10µ C19 10µ IC1 78L08 Quarz LED IC1 78L05 LED T1 J310 IC4 PIC16F648A T3 J310 L T2 J310 C2 10µ Pfostenleiste 8x2 durchkontaktieren! 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 39
40 Spectrum (harmonics) 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 40
41 Spectrum (Spurii +/-12.5 MHz) Ref 5 dbm * Att 20 db 1 * RBW 10 khz * VBW 100 Hz SWT 25 s Marker 1 [T1 ] 4.01 dbm MHz 0 A 1 AP CLRWR Center 100 MHz 2.5 MHz/ Span 25 MHz Date: 7.FEB :55: Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 41
42 Spectrum (Spurii +/-5 khz) Ref 5 dbm * Att 20 db * RBW 100 Hz * VBW 3 Hz 1 SWT 68 s Delta 2 [T1 ] db khz 0 Marker 1 [T1 ] 3.84 dbm MHz A 1 AP CLRWR Center MHz 1 khz/ Span 10 khz Date: 7.FEB :27: Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 42
43 Transient behaviour Measured with HP5371A DUT locked to the HP5371A internal OCXO Frequency: 100 MHz Sample time: 100 ms Resolution: ca. 3 E-9 # of measurements: 100 PL-VCXO frequency stable after a few seconds 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 43
44 Frequency jitter Measured with HP5371A DUT locked to the HP5371A internal OCXO Frequency: 100 MHz Sample time: 2 s Resolution: ca. 1.5 E-10 # of measurements: 100 All measurements are within +-1 digit around the nominal value 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 44
45 Phase noise (simulation) Simulation with ADISimPLL (Analog Devices) Measurement with R&S FSUP here in Knottebo 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 45
46 PLLO = PL-VCXO + multiplier f out = MHz 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 46
47 PLLO design criteria VHF-XO + multiplier for best phase noise khz off the carrier, PLL disciplined XO Flexible multiplying and output frequencies Few standardized special components Passive symmetrical doubler as 1st multiplier GALi MMICs as active components Helix filter for output frequency 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 47
48 Frequency multipliers 1st multiplier stage: high level Schottky diode doubler 2nd multiplier stage: comb generator and helix filter 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 48
49 Frequency multiplier circuit Buffer amplifier Doubler Comb generator Filter and amplifier 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 49
50 Layout PLLO FR4 1,5 mm 37 x Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 50
51 Spectra between stages at output of AMK-2: 271,25 MHz -4 dbm at output of GALi-5: 1085 MHz +2,5 dbm 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 51
52 Output spectrum 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 52
53 Output phase noise (PLL OFF) DB6NT 1.3 GHz TVTR LO: khz 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 53
54 Result PLLO Universal LO chain for various microwave transverters PLL to an external frequency standard included 55 db spurious attenuation Phase noise khz for 1 GHz output 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 54
55 Content Multiband transverter systems Filters and multiplexers PLL-disciplined oscillators Transverters 2320 MHz transverter core 5760 MHz transverter core Further modules (planned) Conclusion 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 55
56 Modular TVTR approach (23 cm), 13 cm, 9 cm, 6 cm Separate modules: o 1 PLLO + 1 TVTR core (frequency translator) for each band o Common IF interface for up to 4 transverters and 2 RXs o Common control and telemetry board Easier development and more flexible than single box transverters Disadvanteges: size, additional connections 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 56
57 Modular TVTR approach 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 57
58 Multipliers to the final LO frequency 23 cm: 1150 MHz x 1 with 146 MHz IF 1246 MHz x 1 with 50 MHz IF 13 cm: 1087 MHz x 2 with 146 MHz IF 9 cm: MHz x 3 with 146 MHz IF 6 cm: MHz x 3 x 2 with 146 MHz IF Additional multiplier(s) part of the TVTR core module needs moderate quality bandpass filter after 1st multiplier (Microstrip on FR4) 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 58
59 FR4 microstrip bandpass filter 3 side coupled λ/4 resonators Precise contacts to the GND plane by rivets 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 59
60 Bandpaß 2200 MHz FR4 Example: Bandpass for 13 cm LO frequency 1088 MHz: -37 db 2176 MHz: -2 db 3264 MHz: -54 db Can be schaled also to 2800 MHz (LO/2 for 6 cm) and 3250 MHz (LO for 9 cm) 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 60
61 Image and LO rejection filters Needed both in RX and TX section MHz: helix filters available MHz: pipecap resonators 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 61
62 Pipecap filters for 3400 and MHz: -3.5 db ( ) MHz: -30 db 5760 MHz: -2.8 db ( ) MHz: -27 db 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 62
63 Requirements for the TVTR core RX amp: low gain and sensitivity TX amp: low output power ( dbm) LO: o (.) IF interface: o (.) => FR4 board and MMIC amplifiers 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 63
64 Active RF components for the TVTRs Use of a standardized set of MMICs GALi/GVA from MiniCiruits: good GND, good thermal design, easy to solder on PCB o GALi 19+ (similar to GALi 1): db gain for RX and smallsignaltx amp o GALi 33+ (similar to GALi 3): db gain for RX and smallsignaltx ampand multiplier o GALi 5+: multiplier, comb generator, amp o GVA 84+: medium power amp +20 dbm can be exchanged to vary gain and power 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 64
65 Active RF components for the TVTRs 7 13 dbm mixers, sometimes available from surplus boards - e. g. WJ SME, MiniCircuits SIM 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 65
66 Content Multiband transverter systems Filters and multiplexers PLL-disciplined oscillators Transverters 2320 MHz transverter core 5760 MHz transverter core Further modules (planned) Conclusion 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 66
67 Transverter core for 2320 MHz 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 67
68 TVTR 2320: Block diagram RX: 2-stage amplifier, 2 helix filters TX: 2- or 3-stage amplifier, 2 helix filters LO: frequency doubler + bandpass, dbm 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 68
69 PCB layout 13 cm transverter FR4 1,5 mm 55 x Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 69
70 Transverter core for 2320 MHz 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 70
71 Spectrum at LO x2 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 71
72 Spectrum at mixer output 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 72
73 Spectrum at TVTR output 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 73
74 Results 13 cm transverter core Simple construction, FR4 board TX: up to 20 dbm at >55 db spurious attenuation RX: 4 db noise figure and 10 db conversion gain (with indicated parts) 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 74
75 Content Multiband transverter systems Filters and multiplexers PLL-disciplined oscillators Transverters 2320 MHz transverter core 5760 MHz transverter core Further modules (planned) Conclusion 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 75
76 Transverter core for 5760 MHz Under Construction 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 76
77 Transverter core for 5760 MHz Modified 13 cm transverter o Filters changed from helix to pipecap o Extra LO doubler and amplifier o T/R Splitter instead of PIN switch Wilkinson Splitter GALi 5/33 Pipecap 5760 BPF GALi 33 Pipecap 5760 Pipecap 5760 Pipecap Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 77
78 PCB layout 6 cm transverter FR4 1,5 mm 74 x Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 78
79 Spectrum at LO x3 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 79
80 Spectrum at LO x3 x2 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 80
81 Spectrum at LO input of mixer 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 81
82 Content Multiband transverter systems Filters and multiplexers PLL-disciplined oscillators Transverters 2320 MHz transverter core 5760 MHz transverter core Further modules (planned) Conclusion 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 82
83 Further modules (planned) 9 cm transverter core: like 6 cm, different LO path without 2nd multiplier stage 23 cm transverter core: LO driver for +17 dbm mixer, 2 stage TX amp, otherwise similar to 13 cm transverter IF interface Control board and telemetry system (PAs and preamps from existing designs) 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 83
84 Conclusion A modular approach may suit better the needs of a multiband transverter system for use at home on 23/13/9/6 cm Masthead preamps and PAs should be combined with basic transverters in the shack Some of the necessary modules have been realized, others are in development or planned 31. Nordic VHF Meeting 2009 Knottebo Wolf-Henning Rech DF9IC 84
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