Contribution of Multidimensional Trellis Coding in VDSL Systems
|
|
- Alban Beasley
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SETIT rd International Conference: Sciences of Electronic, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications March 7-31, 005 TUNISIA Contribution of Multidimensional Trellis Coding in VDSL Systems Mohamed Tlich, Meryem Ouzzif, and Ahmed Zeddam France Télécom Division R&D RESA, Avenue Pierre Marzin-307 Lannion Cedex mohamed.tlich@rd.francetelecom.com meryem.ouzzif@francetelecom.com ahmed.zeddam@francetelecom.com Abstract: In this paper, we take a new look at the single-carrier modulation technique for VDSL system. Using powerful coding techniques can further increase the performance of a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) system. This paper investigates an implementation of the trellis coding in a single-carrier modulation (SCM) VDSL system intended for transmissions over short copper cables. The suggested code is a 4-dimensional 16-state trellis coder; it gains typically 4dB over uncoded transmissions in an AWGN environment. For suitable values of the truncation length of the Viterbi decoder, the results of the simulations carried out showed that the trellis coding implemented over the SCM-VDSL system, introduces an important gain in either the range of the twisted copper-pair, or in channel capacity. Key words: twisted copper pair cable, xdsl, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Trellis Coded Modulation (TCM), Crosstalk. 1 VDSL Overview Figure 1 shows a simplified VDSL system deployment (M.D. Nava & C. Del-Toso, 00). In this general architecture, fiber links connect the optical line termination unit (OLT) at the central office (CO) to the optical network unit (ONU) at the local exchanges and street cabinets. The network termination unit (NT) provides the necessary protocol adaptation at the customer site. CO AN OLT Local Exchange ONU VTU-O FTTEx Liaison VDSL Customer Premises NT VTU-R the customer premises are close to the local exchange and can be served directly from it. This is suitable for business service. In the second configuration, FTTCab or FTTC, the residential premises can be served from the street cabinet. The subscriber loop is a very hostile medium and suffers from many impairments, such as the attenuation of the twisted pair, the crosstalk, and the thermal noise. 1. Attenuation of the twisted pair: the line attenuation increases with both frequency and wire length (Figure ). This results in potentially lower bit rate capacity when considering long loops and broadband signals like VDSL. Other xdsl Optical Fiber Cabinet ISDN HDSL ADSL Customer Premises ONU VTU-O Liaison VDSL NT VTU-R Distribution Cable FTTCab Figure 1. Typical VDSL deployment scenarios As shown in this figure, there are two configurations that connect the ONU to the CO: Fiber to the exchange (FTTEx) and Fiber to the cabinet/curb (FTTCab/FTTC). In the first configuration, FTTEx,
2 0Log10( H(f) m Channel Attenuation 500m 1000m 70-1 v.0.6 part1, 00), we will deal with the 3QAM constellation shown in Figure 4 we used in our simulations. This constellation is invariant to 90 rotations. Therefore, to make the system transparent to 90 phase offsets, when mapping bits into constellation points: 1. 3 bits (Q3n, Q4n and Q5n) are assigned to points within a quadrant so that a 90 rotation leaves them unchanged, as shown in the constellation of Figure 4.. The two first bits (Q1n and Qn) are differentially encoded to specify the quadrant, i.e., bits Q1n and Qn will determine the change in quadrant from symbol to symbol using the rules listed in table Freq (Hz) x 10 6 xx111 xx011 xx110 xx010 Figure. Signal attenuation for a 500m, 1000m and 1300m wire length. Crosstalk: is noise caused by electromagnetic radiation of other telephone lines physically located in close proximity in the same cable binder. Such coupling increases with frequency, so it is very harmful for VDSL, which uses bandwidth up to 1 MHz. Practically, we can distinguish two types of crosstalk: Near-End crosstalk (NEXT) caused by signals traveling in opposite directions in the same cable binder, and Far-End crosstalk (FEXT) caused by signals traveling in the same direction as shown in Figure 3. Line 1 Line i NEXT Line 1 Line i Figure 3. NEXT and FEXT in cable binder FEXT 3. Thermal or background noise: a convention in standardization committees is to model background noise as additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) with a fixed Power Spectral Density (PSD) level equal to dbm/hz as defined in (ETSI TS v.0.6 part1, 00)(ETSI TS v.0.3 part, 00). qi Serial to Parallel Converter xx010 xx110 xx011 xx101 xx100 xx001 xx111 xx101 xx100 Q5n Q4n Q3n Qn Q1n xx010 xx001 xx100 xx101 xx111 xx000 xx000 xx001 xx011 xx000 xx000 xx100 xx110 xx110 xx001 xx101 xx010 xx011 Table.1 xx111 Yn 1 D Y1n 1 D Differential Encoder Figure 4. Symbol Mapper Y5n Y4n Y3n Yn Y1n Complex Symbol Mapper Inputs Previous Outputs Current Outputs Q1n Qn Y1n-1 Yn-1 Y1n Yn Cn Trellis Coding in AWGN Passband Channels Trellis Coded Modulation using four-dimensional constellations have a better performance in terms of complexity and coding gain over the usual twodimensional schemes (Lee-Fang Wei, 1987). Actual SCM-VDSL systems use the twodimensional Differential Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (DQAM) scheme (ETSI TS v.0.6 part1, 00). In this section, we demonstrate that using the 4-dimensional Trellis Coded Modulation as a function of the truncation length of the Viterbi decoder can further increase the performance of this DQAM system, from a coding gain and cable range viewpoints..1 DQAM Principe To fully understand the DQAM (ETSI TS Table 1. Differential QAM Coding table. Trellis Coded Modulation: A modified WEI 16- State 4D Code An inherent cost of the coded schemes is that the size of the D constellation is doubled over uncoded schemes. This is due to the fact that a redundant bit is added every signaling interval. Otherwise, the coding gain of those coded schemes would be 3 db greater. Using multidimensional (>) constellations with a trellis code of rate m/m+1 (Lee-Fang Wei, 1987) can reduce that cost because fewer redundant bits are added for each D signaling interval. Furthermore, multidimensional encoding provides more flexibility than D encoding in that it can use a fractional number of bits per symbol.
3 We will focus, now, on the case where the number Q of information bits transmitted per signaling interval is equal to 5. These five information bits arriving in the current signaling interval n are denoted as I1n, In and I5n. A /3 rate, 16-state code with a 4D rectangular constellation of 11 points and a Minimum Square Euclidean Distance (MSED) d 0 is shown in Figure 5. The 4D constellation is constructed from a 48-point D constellation partitioned into eight subsets with enlarged MSED equal to 4d 0, as explained in (Lee- Fang Wei, 1987). I5_n+1 I4_n+1 I3_n+1 I_n+1 I1_n+1 I5_n I4_n I3_n I_n I1_n DIFFERENTIAL ENCODING I3_n I_n Wn W3n Trellis ENCODER W1n W4n I3_n I_n I1_n Y0_n BIT CONVERTOR T T Z10_n Z9_n Z8_n Z7_n Z6_n Z5_n Z4_n Z1_n+1 Z0_n+1 Z1_n Z0_n Exlusive OR Signaling Interval Delay Element Figure State code with 4D Rectangular constellation If we denote the current and next states of the trellis encoder as W1pWpW3pW4p, p=n and n+, the corresponding 16-state trellis diagram is shown in Figure 6. CURRENT NEXT STATE STATE 10log 4d d d0 0d = db Where d 0 is the average power of the 4D constellation, and 0d 0 is the average power of the 3QAM..3 Simulation Results Bit Error Rates (BER) for the two different systems have been simulated, the uncoded system (3 DQAM), and the 4D 16-state code TCM system with a Viterbi decoder using a truncation length equal to K. In this stage of simulation, the system is simulated only with the AWGN disturbance. The results of the BER simulations, for 105 information bits sent, are shown in Figure 7. This figure shows the BER values for different Signal-to- Noise Ratios (SNR) and for different values of the truncation length K. Both systems have the same information rate (5 information bits/symbol period). Table shows that the BER decreases with K. However, the BER values become very similar for the values of K that exceed 15. BER QAM non codée MCT:Tronc 10 MCT:Tronc 40 MCT:Tronc 15 MCT:Tronc 500 MCT:Tronc 5000 MCT:No Tronc 4D SUBSET W1n Wn W3n W4n W1n+ Wn+ W3n+ W4n SNR (db) Figure 7. 4D TCM performance in AWGN channel As shown in Figure 7, asymptotically, the system employing 4D TCM code gains approximately 4 db of SNR over the uncoded system Figure 6. Trellis Diagram of 16-State code of Figure 5 The coding gain of the trellis coded modulation over the uncoded 3QAM therefore is: SNR = 18 K BER K No Trunc BER SNR = 19 K BER e-4 K No Trunc BER 3e-4 e-4.7e-4
4 SNR = 0 K BER e-4 1.5e-4 0 K No Trunc BER Table. Effect of truncation length on the performance of the 4D TCM Code 3 Trellis Coding in Twisted Copper-Pair Passband Channels As specified in ANSI and ETSI (ETSI TS v.0.6 part1, 00)(ETSI TS v.0.3 part, 00) functional documents, SCM-VDSL systems don t use convolutional coding. In what follows, we will study the contribution of the TCM in the SCM-VDSL systems. The achievable gains for systems using the scheme consisting of 4D Trellis Coded Modulation have been analyzed in the previous section, and are typically equal to 4 db for an AWGN channel. 3.1 SCM-VDSL system Figure 8 presents the SCM-VDSL system (T. Starr & M. Sorbara & J.M. Cioffi & P.J. Silverman, 003) we used in our simulations. For the sake of simplification, the Reed-Solomon coding and interleaving functions, whose main purpose is to protect the data from Impulse Noise, have not been introduced in that system because the purpose of our study is not to investigate the impact of Impulse Noise on VDSL transmission, but to demonstrate the advantage of using the TCM rather than the DQAM modulation. fractionally spaced equalizer (MMSE) at a new sampling rate equal to symbolrate because the input is now a baseband signal. The received symbols are decoded and compared to the originally transmitted data in order to compute the errors caused by the noise burst, and consequently, to compare the DQAM and TCM modulations. 3. Impairment Generator The impairment generator produces the noise that is injected into the simulation set. It includes both crosstalk noise and background noise. The crosstalk noise power level varies with the frequency, the length of the cable loop, and the transmit direction (Upstream or Downstream). The crosstalk model (ETSI TS v.0.3 part, 00) applied according to the test scenarios we choose is described below. Figure 9 defines a functional diagram of the composite impairment noise. This diagram has the following elements: 1. The three impairment "generators" G1, G, and G3 generate noise as defined in (T. Starr & M. Sorbara & J.M. Cioffi & P.J. Silverman, 003).. The transfer function H 1 (f, d) models the length and frequency dependency of the NEXT impairment as specified in (T. Starr & M. Sorbara & J.M. Cioffi & P.J. Silverman, 003). 3. The transfer function H (f, d) models the length and frequency dependency of the FEXT impairment as specified in (T. Starr & M. Sorbara & J.M. Cioffi & P.J. Silverman, 003). NEXT noise Independent noise Generators G1 Crosstalk transfer functions H1(f,d) S1 FEXT noise G H(f,d) S FSAN SUM Background noise Cable independent G3 S3 Figure 9. Functional diagram of the impairment noise composition Figure 8. VDSL Transmission Chain To satisfy the sampling theorem, the QAM symbols x k are over-sampled at the sampling rate 4 symbolrate, and are shaped using a raised cosine filter ϕ p (t) before being sent through the channel. Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI), Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), and crosstalk impair singlecarrier transmission over the copper pairs. After being modulated and sent through the channel, an Additive White Gaussian and crosstalk Noises are superimposed to the channel output in the time domain. After crossing the whitening filter g(t), the data, brought back to the baseband, are sent through a low-pass filter in order to eliminate the whitened noise situated out of the frequency band. After that, they are sent through a finite minimum-mean-square-error Several deployment scenarios have been identified to achieve VDSL simulations. Each scenario (noise model) results in a length dependant PSD description of noise. Some of the three individual impairment generators G1, G, and G3, are used more once in the same noise model. We denote six models, Type "A", Type "B", and Type "C" for cabinet modeling and Type "D", Type "E", and Type "F" for exchange modeling (ETSI TS v.0.3 part, 00). In our simulations, we chose Type "A" as the impairment modeling. Type "A" models (Cabinet) are intended to represent a mixed scenario including full ADSL where the VDSL system is placed in a distribution cable (up to ten of wire pairs) that is filled with many other transmission systems: 10 ADSL, 4 HDSL, and 0 ISDN interferers.
5 3.3 Simulation Results The VDSL system shall operate with a bit error ratio < 1 erroneous bit through 10 7 bits sent when operated over any loop with the noise models and simulation conditions specified in this section. Because of computer restrictions, we carried our simulations with a BER level equal to Simulation defaults: We have simulated the 4D TCM method in the VDSL system described in Figure 8 with three configurations of the truncation length K of the Viterbi decoder: K = 10, K = 15, and without truncation. The set of default parameters used in the simulations is listed below: Number of Feed-Forward Equalizer (FFE) taps=3. Roll-off factor: α = 0.. Number of information bits per signaling interval=5. Symbol rate: f baud =.16 MHz. Carrier frequency: f c =.75 MHz. Sampling rate: f s = 4f baud = 8.64 MHz. The sampling rate at the input of the MMSE-FSE equalizer is L x f baud with L =. Transmitted constellations = 3QAM for noncoded transmission, and 48QAM for trellis coded transmission. The noise is additive, colored, and Gaussian ACGN. When whitened, its power spectral density (PSD) level is fixed to typically -140 dbm/hz, which usually corresponds to the reference noise floor in the VDSL system. As specified in the functional requirement documents (ETSI TS v.0.6 part1, 00)(ETSI TS v.0.3 part, 00), the PSD of the transmitted modulated signal is typically equal to -60 dbm/hz. Simulation results: In tables 3 and 4, we show the cable range reaches and the channel capacity gains for the 4D TCM VDSL system. On one hand, Table 3 shows the difference in cable range reaches if we vary the truncation length K. For the values of K that exceed 15, the 4D TCM VDSL cable range is typically constant. It is approximatively equal to 170 m. On the other hand, the reach in the case of the 3QAM non-coded VDSL system is typically equal to 1180 m. In fact, the channel capacity associated for this value of the cable range is equal to bits. Beyond this value, the channel capacity becomes lower than the number of bits we want to send each signaling interval (b = 5). Thus, the 4D TCM VDSL system gives a cable range gain of 90m with the suitable value of K = 15. Table 4 shows the channel capacity gain in terms of number of bits we can send through the channel for different values of cable ranges and K. We note that the use of the trellis Coded Modulation rather than the DQAM allows sending 5 bits/signaling interval, even when the channel capacity (denoted bpsi in Table 4), calculated without taking into account the gain introduced by the TCM, is lower than 5. In our simulations, for K = 15 and BER = 10-5, the gain introduced by the TCM increases the channel capacity by bits per signaling interval, which corresponds to =.067 Mbps of rate gain. Cable Length Erroneous Symbols BER K = e e e e-5 K = e e e-5 Without Truncation e e-4 Table 3. TCM SCM-VDSL: Cable range reaches for different values of the truncation length K K Cable Length Bpsi Gain No Trunc Table 4. Channel capacity gain for different values of K Conclusion The VDSL system is expected to be the solution to provide broadband services to residential and business on the existing copper plant. In this paper, we demonstrated that the Trellis- Coded Modulation with 4-dimensional rectangular constellations is superior to using D constellations. Using multi-dimensional rectangular constellations not only reduces the size of the constituent D constellations, but also improves the performance in terms of both the coding gain and cable range reaches.
6 The simulation model was based on the singlecarrier modulation technique Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM). 4-Dimensional 16-state trellis code with Viterbi decoding truncation length K was has been suggested as a suitable coding scheme with a value of K = 15. It has been evaluated in both AWGN and twisted copper-pair channels and has shown a coding gain of approximatively 4dB in the AWGN channel. It has, also, shown a cable range gain of approximatively 90m, and a channel capacity gain of typically 0.95 bits/signaling interval for K = 15 and a BER level of 10-5, which corresponds to a rate gain of.067 Mbps. References ETSI TS v.0.6 (00-11). Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access transmission systems on metallic access cables; Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL); Part 1 : Functional requirements. ETSI TS v.0.3 (00-10). Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access transmission systems on metallic access cables; Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL); Part : Transceiver Specification. Lee-Fang. Wei. Trellis-coded modulation with multidimensioanl constellations. IEEE Transactions on Communications Theory, IT-33(4), July Mario Diaz Nava and Christophe Del-Toso. A short overview of the vdsl system requirements. IEEE Communications Magazine, December 00. T. Starr, M. Sorbara, J.M. Cioffi, P.J. Silverman. DSL Advances, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey, 003.
EFM Capabilities with Plan 998
EFM Capabilities with Plan 998 Performance analysis of the standard VDSL technology using spectral plan 998 Vladimir Oksman Broadcom Corporation October 2001 Slide 1 Supporters Sabit Say, Todd Pett: Next
More informationThe Impact of Upstream Power Back-Off on VDSL Frequency Planning. Abstract
T1E1.4/99-414 Project: Title: Source: VDSL The Impact of Upstream Power Back-Off on VDSL Frequency Planning Presenter: Krista S. Jacobsen Author: K.S. Jacobsen Texas Instruments 243 Samaritan Drive San
More informationANALYSIS OF ADSL2 s 4D-TCM PERFORMANCE
ANALYSIS OF ADSL s 4D-TCM PERFORMANCE Mohamed Ghanassi, Jean François Marceau, François D. Beaulieu, and Benoît Champagne Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
More informationOptimal Transmit Spectra for Communication on Digital Subscriber Lines
Optimal Transmit Spectra for Communication on Digital Subscriber Lines Rohit V. Gaikwad and Richard G. Baraniuk æ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University Houston, Texas, 77005
More informationxdsl Modulation Techniques
NEXTEP Broadband White Paper xdsl Modulation Techniques Methods of achieving spectrum-efficient modulation for high quality transmissions. A Nextep Broadband White Paper May 2001 Broadband Networks Group
More informationPERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A GIGABIT DSL MODEM USING SUPER ORTHOGONAL COMPLETE COMPLEMENTARY CODES UNDER PRACTICAL CROSSTALK CONDITIONS
144 SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS Vol.108 4) December 2017 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A GIGABIT DSL MODEM USING SUPER ORTHOGONAL COMPLETE COMPLEMENTARY CODES UNDER PRACTICAL CROSSTALK
More informationCHAPTER 4 ADAPTIVE BIT-LOADING WITH AWGN FOR PLAIN LINE AND LINE WITH BRIDGE TAPS
CHAPTER 4 ADAPTIVE BIT-LOADING WITH AWGN FOR PLAIN LINE AND LINE WITH BRIDGE TAPS 4.1 Introduction The transfer function for power line channel was obtained for defined test loops in the previous chapter.
More informationACIF C559:2003 PART 2 SPECTRAL COMPATIBILITY DETERMINATION PROCESS
ACIF C559:2003 PART 2 SPECTRAL COMPATIBILITY DETERMINATION PROCESS CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Overview 1 2. ACIF SPECTRAL COMPATIBILITY DETERMINATION PROCESS 3 2.1
More informationETSI TS V1.1.1 ( ) Technical Specification
TS 101 271 V1.1.1 (2009-01) Technical Specification Access Terminals Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Access transmission system on metallic pairs; Very High Speed digital subscriber line system (VDSL2);
More informationEFFECTIVE CHANNEL CODING OF SERIALLY CONCATENATED ENCODERS AND CPM OVER AWGN AND RICIAN CHANNELS
EFFECTIVE CHANNEL CODING OF SERIALLY CONCATENATED ENCODERS AND CPM OVER AWGN AND RICIAN CHANNELS Manjeet Singh (ms308@eng.cam.ac.uk) Ian J. Wassell (ijw24@eng.cam.ac.uk) Laboratory for Communications Engineering
More informationSIMULATIONS OF ERROR CORRECTION CODES FOR DATA COMMUNICATION OVER POWER LINES
SIMULATIONS OF ERROR CORRECTION CODES FOR DATA COMMUNICATION OVER POWER LINES Michelle Foltran Miranda Eduardo Parente Ribeiro mifoltran@hotmail.com edu@eletrica.ufpr.br Departament of Electrical Engineering,
More informationON SYMBOL TIMING RECOVERY IN ALL-DIGITAL RECEIVERS
ON SYMBOL TIMING RECOVERY IN ALL-DIGITAL RECEIVERS 1 Ali A. Ghrayeb New Mexico State University, Box 30001, Dept 3-O, Las Cruces, NM, 88003 (e-mail: aghrayeb@nmsu.edu) ABSTRACT Sandia National Laboratories
More informationTITLE: Reducing ADC Resolution by Using Analog Band-pass Filters in FDD based VDSL
COMMITTEE T1-TELECOMUNICATIONS Working Group T1E1.4 (DSL Access) Ottawa, Canada, June 7-11, 1999 T1E1.4/99-334 TITLE: Reducing ADC Resolution by Using Analog Band-pass Filters in FDD based VDSL SOURCE:
More informationNOVEL 6-PSK TRELLIS CODES
NOVEL 6-PSK TRELLIS CODES Gerhard Fet tweis Teknekron Communications Systems, 2121 Allston Way, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA phone: (510)649-3576, fax: (510)848-885 1, fet t weis@ t cs.com Abstract The use
More informationDigital Modulation Schemes
Digital Modulation Schemes 1. In binary data transmission DPSK is preferred to PSK because (a) a coherent carrier is not required to be generated at the receiver (b) for a given energy per bit, the probability
More informationPoint-to-Point Communications
Point-to-Point Communications Key Aspects of Communication Voice Mail Tones Alphabet Signals Air Paper Media Language English/Hindi English/Hindi Outline of Point-to-Point Communication 1. Signals basic
More informationThe Physical Layer Outline
The Physical Layer Outline Theoretical Basis for Data Communications Digital Modulation and Multiplexing Guided Transmission Media (copper and fiber) Public Switched Telephone Network and DSLbased Broadband
More informationCOMMITTEE T1 TELECOMMUNICATIONS. Plano, Texas; 2 December 1998 CONTRIBUTION
COMMITTEE T TELECOMMUNICATIONS Working Group TE.4 Plano, Texas; 2 December 998 TE.4/98-36 CONTRIBUTION TITLE: Equivalent Loss and Equivalent Noise: Figures of Merit for use in Deployment and Spectrum Management
More informationCourse 2: Channels 1 1
Course 2: Channels 1 1 "You see, wire telegraph is a kind of a very, very long cat. You pull his tail in New York and his head is meowing in Los Angeles. Do you understand this? And radio operates exactly
More informationFundamentals of Digital Communication
Fundamentals of Digital Communication Network Infrastructures A.A. 2017/18 Digital communication system Analog Digital Input Signal Analog/ Digital Low Pass Filter Sampler Quantizer Source Encoder Channel
More informationTrellis-Coded Modulation [TCM]
Trellis-Coded Modulation [TCM] Limitations of conventional block and convolutional codes on bandlimited channels Basic principles of trellis coding: state, trellis, and set partitioning Coding gain with
More informationEE4601 Communication Systems
EE4601 Communication Systems Week 1 Introduction to Digital Communications Channel Capacity 0 c 2015, Georgia Institute of Technology (lect1 1) Contact Information Office: Centergy 5138 Phone: 404 894
More informationDigital Communication System
Digital Communication System Purpose: communicate information at required rate between geographically separated locations reliably (quality) Important point: rate, quality spectral bandwidth, power requirements
More informationOther Modulation Techniques - CAP, QAM, DMT
Other Modulation Techniques - CAP, QAM, DMT Prof. David Johns (johns@eecg.toronto.edu) (www.eecg.toronto.edu/~johns) slide 1 of 47 Complex Signals Concept useful for describing a pair of real signals Let
More informationRequirements and Test Methods for Very-High-Bit-Rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) Terminal Equipment
VDSL(E) Issue 1 (Provisional) January 2003 Terminal Attachment Program Requirements and Test Methods for Very-High-Bit-Rate Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL) Terminal Equipment Aussi disponible en français
More informationWe are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists. International authors and editors
We are IntechOpen, the world s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists 3,900 116,000 120M Open access books available International authors and editors Downloads Our
More informationUsing TCM Techniques to Decrease BER Without Bandwidth Compromise. Using TCM Techniques to Decrease BER Without Bandwidth Compromise. nutaq.
Using TCM Techniques to Decrease BER Without Bandwidth Compromise 1 Using Trellis Coded Modulation Techniques to Decrease Bit Error Rate Without Bandwidth Compromise Written by Jean-Benoit Larouche INTRODUCTION
More informationPower back-off for multiple target bit rates. Authors: Frank Sjöberg, Rickard Nilsson, Sarah Kate Wilson, Daniel Bengtsson, Mikael Isaksson
T1E1.4/98-371 1(8) Standards Project: T1E1.4 VDSL Title : Power bac-off for multiple target bit rates Source : Telia Research AB Contact: Göran Övist Telia Research AB, Aurorum 6, SE-977 75 Luleå, Sweden
More informationINTERFERENCES ON THE TWISTED PAIR IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE XDSL SYSTEM
46th International Symposium Electronics in Marine, ELMAR2004. 1618 June 2004, Zadar. Croatia INTERFERENCES ON THE TWISTED PAIR IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE XDSL SYSTEM Romeo Svaha, Natalia MatoSiC and Wmton
More informationETSI TR V1.3.1 ( )
TR 11 83-1 V1.3.1 (22-12) Technical Report Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access networks; Spectral management on metallic access networks; Part 1: Definitions and signal library 2 TR 11 83-1 V1.3.1
More informationCT-516 Advanced Digital Communications
CT-516 Advanced Digital Communications Yash Vasavada Winter 2017 DA-IICT Lecture 17 Channel Coding and Power/Bandwidth Tradeoff 20 th April 2017 Power and Bandwidth Tradeoff (for achieving a particular
More informationRevision of Wireless Channel
Revision of Wireless Channel Quick recap system block diagram CODEC MODEM Wireless Channel Previous three lectures looked into wireless mobile channels To understand mobile communication technologies,
More informationUNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ELEC6014W1 SEMESTER II EXAMINATIONS 2007/08 RADIO COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS Duration: 120 mins Answer THREE questions out of FIVE. University approved calculators may
More informationMSK has three important properties. However, the PSD of the MSK only drops by 10log 10 9 = 9.54 db below its midband value at ft b = 0.
Gaussian MSK MSK has three important properties Constant envelope (why?) Relatively narrow bandwidth Coherent detection performance equivalent to that of QPSK However, the PSD of the MSK only drops by
More informationCoding in a Discrete Multitone Modulation System
MASTER S THESIS Division of Signal Processing 1996:051 E ISSN 0349-6023 ISNR HLU - TH - EX - - 1996/51 - E - -SE Coding in a Discrete Multitone Modulation System Daniel Bengtsson and Daniel Landström (
More informationMultilevel RS/Convolutional Concatenated Coded QAM for Hybrid IBOC-AM Broadcasting
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BROADCASTING, VOL. 46, NO. 1, MARCH 2000 49 Multilevel RS/Convolutional Concatenated Coded QAM for Hybrid IBOC-AM Broadcasting Sae-Young Chung and Hui-Ling Lou Abstract Bandwidth efficient
More informationBasic Concepts in Data Transmission
Basic Concepts in Data Transmission EE450: Introduction to Computer Networks Professor A. Zahid A.Zahid-EE450 1 Data and Signals Data is an entity that convey information Analog Continuous values within
More informationETSI TR V1.1.1 ( )
TR 101 830-2 V1.1.1 (2005-10) Technical Report Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access networks; Spectral management on metallic access networks; Part 2: Technical methods for performance evaluations
More informationSpectral Optimization and Joint Signaling Techniques for Communication in the Presence of Crosstalk. Rohit Gaikwad and Richard Baraniuk
Spectral Optimization and Joint Signaling Techniques for Communication in the Presence of Crosstalk Rohit Gaikwad and Richard Baraniuk ECE Technical Report #9806 Rice University July 1998 1 Spectral optimization
More informationa) Abasebanddigitalcommunicationsystemhasthetransmitterfilterg(t) thatisshowninthe figure, and a matched filter at the receiver.
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS PART A (Time: 60 minutes. Points 4/0) Last Name(s):........................................................ First (Middle) Name:.................................................
More informationLecture 10 Performance of Communication System: Bit Error Rate (BER) EE4900/EE6720 Digital Communications
EE4900/EE6720: Digital Communications 1 Lecture 10 Performance of Communication System: Bit Error Rate (BER) Block Diagrams of Communication System Digital Communication System 2 Informatio n (sound, video,
More informationEE390 Final Exam Fall Term 2002 Friday, December 13, 2002
Name Page 1 of 11 EE390 Final Exam Fall Term 2002 Friday, December 13, 2002 Notes 1. This is a 2 hour exam, starting at 9:00 am and ending at 11:00 am. The exam is worth a total of 50 marks, broken down
More informationLecture 3 Concepts for the Data Communications and Computer Interconnection
Lecture 3 Concepts for the Data Communications and Computer Interconnection Aim: overview of existing methods and techniques Terms used: -Data entities conveying meaning (of information) -Signals data
More informationDigital Communication Systems. Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Gavin Cameron
Digital Communication Systems Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) Gavin Cameron MSc/PGD Electronics and Communication Engineering May 17, 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS..........................................................
More informationDigital Communication System
Digital Communication System Purpose: communicate information at certain rate between geographically separated locations reliably (quality) Important point: rate, quality spectral bandwidth requirement
More informationTowards 100G over Copper
IEEE 8.3 Higher Speed Study Group Towards G over Copper Faculty Investigator: Dr. M. Kavehrad Graduate Researchers: Mr. A. Enteshari Mr. J. Fadlullah The Pennsylvania State University Center for Information
More informationDigital modulation techniques
Outline Introduction Signal, random variable, random process and spectra Analog modulation Analog to digital conversion Digital transmission through baseband channels Signal space representation Optimal
More informationATSC 3.0 Physical Layer Overview
ATSC 3.0 Physical Layer Overview Agenda Terminology Real world concerns Technology to combat those concerns Summary Basic Terminology What is OFDM? What is FEC? What is Shannon s Theorem? What does BER
More informationTHE ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF MODIFIED PRECODING AND CODING TECHNIQUES USED BY THE VDSL TECHNOLOGY
Journal of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, VOL. 55, NO. 11-12, 2004, 281 289 THE ANALYSIS OF FEATURES OF MODIFIED PRECODING AND CODING TECHNIQUES USED BY THE VDSL TECHNOLOGY Rastislav Róka Stanislav Dlháň For
More informationAdoption of this document as basis for broadband wireless access PHY
Project Title Date Submitted IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group Proposal on modulation methods for PHY of FWA 1999-10-29 Source Jay Bao and Partha De Mitsubishi Electric ITA 571 Central
More informationModern Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Principles and Applications for Fixed and Wireless Channels
1 Modern Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Principles and Applications for Fixed and Wireless Channels W.T. Webb, L.Hanzo Contents PART I: Background to QAM 1 Introduction and Background 1 1.1 Modulation
More informationPerformance Analysis of n Wireless LAN Physical Layer
120 1 Performance Analysis of 802.11n Wireless LAN Physical Layer Amr M. Otefa, Namat M. ElBoghdadly, and Essam A. Sourour Abstract In the last few years, we have seen an explosive growth of wireless LAN
More informationMagnitude and Phase Characteristics. H [db] Frequency [MHz] x Phase [rad] Frequency [MHz]
EQUALISATION AND RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE CANCELLATION IN BROADBAND TWISTED PAIR RECEIVERS Dimitrios I. Pazaitis, Jan Maris, Serge Vernalde, Marc Engels, Ivo Bolsens Digital Broadband Transceivers
More informationCSE 461 Bits and Links. David Wetherall
CSE 461 Bits and Links David Wetherall djw@cs.washington.edu Topic How do we send a message across a wire or wireless link? The physical/link layers: 1. Different kinds of media 2. Fundamental limits 3.
More informationPeriodic Impulsive Noise Suppression in OFDM- Based Power-Line Communications through Filtering Under Different Coding Schemes
http:// Periodic Impulsive Noise Suppression in OFDM- Based Power-Line Communications through Filtering Under Different Coding Schemes Sree Lekshmi.K 1, 1 M.Tech Scholar, ECE Department, TKM Institute
More informationINDUSTRY CODE ACIF C559:2006 PART 2 SPECTRAL COMPATIBILITY DETERMINATION PROCESS
INDUSTRY CODE ACIF C559:2006 PART 2 SPECTRAL COMPATIBILITY DETERMINATION PROCESS ACIF C559:2006 Unconditioned Local Loop Service (ULLS) Network Deployment Rules Part 2 Spectral Compatibility Determination
More informationRADIO FREQUENCY AND MODULATION SYSTEMS PART 1: EARTH STATIONS AND SPACECRAFT
Draft Recommendations for Space Data System Standards RADIO FREQUENCY AND MODULATION SYSTEMS PART 1: EARTH STATIONS AND SPACECRAFT DRAFT RECOMMENDED STANDARD CCSDS 401.0-P-26.1 PINK SHEETS March 2017 Draft
More informationThe Last Mile Problem
The Last Mile Problem LAN, MAN, WAN how to connect private users at home to such networks? Problem of the last mile: somehow connect private homes to the public Internet without laying many new cables
More informationETSI TR V1.4.1 ( )
TR 11 83-1 V1.4.1 (26-3) Technical Report Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access networks; Spectral management on metallic access networks; Part 1: Definitions and signal library 2 TR 11 83-1 V1.4.1
More informationStudy of Turbo Coded OFDM over Fading Channel
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development e-issn: 2278-067X, p-issn: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com Volume 3, Issue 2 (August 2012), PP. 54-58 Study of Turbo Coded OFDM over Fading Channel
More informationPhysical-Layer Network Coding Using GF(q) Forward Error Correction Codes
Physical-Layer Network Coding Using GF(q) Forward Error Correction Codes Weimin Liu, Rui Yang, and Philip Pietraski InterDigital Communications, LLC. King of Prussia, PA, and Melville, NY, USA Abstract
More informationBER Performance Comparison between QPSK and 4-QA Modulation Schemes
MIT International Journal of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 2, August 2013, pp. 62 66 62 BER Performance Comparison between QPSK and 4-QA Modulation Schemes Manish Trikha ME Scholar
More informationExercises for chapter 2
Exercises for chapter Digital Communications A baseband PAM system uses as receiver filter f(t) a matched filter, f(t) = g( t), having two choices for transmission filter g(t) g a (t) = ( ) { t Π =, t,
More informationTesting The Effective Performance Of Ofdm On Digital Video Broadcasting
The 1 st Regional Conference of Eng. Sci. NUCEJ Spatial ISSUE vol.11,no.2, 2008 pp 295-302 Testing The Effective Performance Of Ofdm On Digital Video Broadcasting Ali Mohammed Hassan Al-Bermani College
More informationMSAN B1Q Line Code Tutorial Application Note. Introduction. Line Coding
2B1Q Line Code Tutorial Introduction Line Coding ISSUE 2 March 1990 In August 1986 the T1D1.3 (Now T1E1.4) technical subcommittee of the American National Standards Institute chose to base their standard
More informationCombined Transmitter Diversity and Multi-Level Modulation Techniques
SETIT 2005 3rd International Conference: Sciences of Electronic, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications March 27 3, 2005 TUNISIA Combined Transmitter Diversity and Multi-Level Modulation Techniques
More informationComputer Networks Chapter 2: Physical layer
Computer Networks Chapter 2: Physical layer Holger Karl Computer Networks Group Universität Paderborn Goals of this chapter Answer the basic question: how can data be transported over a physical medium?
More informationReview of Lecture 2. Data and Signals - Theoretical Concepts. Review of Lecture 2. Review of Lecture 2. Review of Lecture 2. Review of Lecture 2
Data and Signals - Theoretical Concepts! What are the major functions of the network access layer? Reference: Chapter 3 - Stallings Chapter 3 - Forouzan Study Guide 3 1 2! What are the major functions
More informationBit Error Rate Performance Evaluation of Various Modulation Techniques with Forward Error Correction Coding of WiMAX
Bit Error Rate Performance Evaluation of Various Modulation Techniques with Forward Error Correction Coding of WiMAX Amr Shehab Amin 37-20200 Abdelrahman Taha 31-2796 Yahia Mobasher 28-11691 Mohamed Yasser
More informationCSEP 561 Bits and Links. David Wetherall
CSEP 561 Bits and Links David Wetherall djw@cs.washington.edu Topic How do we send a message across a wire or wireless link? The physical/link layers: 1. Different kinds of media 2. Fundamental limits
More informationLong Modulating Windows and Data Redundancy for Robust OFDM Transmissions. Vincent Sinn 1 and Klaus Hueske 2
Long Modulating Windows and Data Redundancy for Robust OFDM Transmissions Vincent Sinn 1 and laus Hueske 2 1: Telecommunications Laboratory, University of Sydney, cvsinn@eeusydeduau 2: Information Processing
More informationLow-Density Parity-Check Codes for Digital Subscriber Lines
Low-Density Parity-Check Codes for Digital Subscriber Lines E. Eleftheriou and S. Ölçer IBM Research, Zurich Research Laboratory 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland Abstract- The paper investigates the application
More informationTSTE17 System Design, CDIO. General project hints. Behavioral Model. General project hints, cont. Lecture 5. Required documents Modulation, cont.
TSTE17 System Design, CDIO Lecture 5 1 General project hints 2 Project hints and deadline suggestions Required documents Modulation, cont. Requirement specification Channel coding Design specification
More informationChapter 12: Digital Modulation and Modems
Chapter 12: Digital Modulation and Modems MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. FSK stands for: a. Full-Shift Keying c. Full-Signal Keying b. Frequency-Shift Keying d. none of the above 2. PSK stands for: a. Pulse-Signal
More informationETSI TS V1.3.1 ( )
TS 101 388 V1.3.1 (2002-05) Technical Specification Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access transmission systems on metallic access cables; Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) - European specific
More informationResults You Can Count On
20 khz to 300 MHz Noise Generator for Realistic Gfast Testing Up to 24 Independent Noise Ports Gfast technology promises to bring a wealth of new opportunities to Service Providers as well as manufacturers
More informationTR (draft) V0.0.0 (2005-xx)
M01p20a13.pdf Technical Report Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Spectral management on metallic access networks; Part 2: Technical methods for performance evaluations Work Item Reference Permanent Document
More informationLecture 9b Convolutional Coding/Decoding and Trellis Code modulation
Lecture 9b Convolutional Coding/Decoding and Trellis Code modulation Convolutional Coder Basics Coder State Diagram Encoder Trellis Coder Tree Viterbi Decoding For Simplicity assume Binary Sym.Channel
More informationContract No U-BROAD D2.2 Analysis of Multiuser Capacities and Capacity Regions
U-BROAD D2.2 Contract No. 5679 - U-BROAD D2.2 Analysis of Multiuser Capacities and Capacity Regions Prepared by: Telecommunication System Institute (TSI) - Greece Bar Ilan University (BIU) - Israel Abstract:
More informationETSF15 Physical layer communication. Stefan Höst
ETSF15 Physical layer communication Stefan Höst Physical layer Analog vs digital (Previous lecture) Transmission media Modulation Represent digital data in a continuous world Disturbances, Noise and distortion
More informationCapacity Enhancement in WLAN using
319 CapacityEnhancementinWLANusingMIMO Capacity Enhancement in WLAN using MIMO K.Shamganth Engineering Department Ibra College of Technology Ibra, Sultanate of Oman shamkanth@ict.edu.om M.P.Reena Electronics
More informationDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1
UNIT I SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION Pulse Modulation 1. Explain in detail the generation of PWM and PPM signals (16) (M/J 2011) 2. Explain in detail the concept of PWM and PAM (16) (N/D 2012) 3. What is the
More informationDepartment of Electronic Engineering FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT
Department of Electronic Engineering FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT BEngECE-2009/10-- Student Name: CHEUNG Yik Juen Student ID: Supervisor: Prof.
More informationSystems for Audio and Video Broadcasting (part 2 of 2)
Systems for Audio and Video Broadcasting (part 2 of 2) Ing. Karel Ulovec, Ph.D. CTU in Prague, Faculty of Electrical Engineering xulovec@fel.cvut.cz Only for study purposes for students of the! 1/30 Systems
More informationEITG05 Digital Communications
Fourier transform EITG05 Digital Communications Lecture 4 Bandwidth of Transmitted Signals Michael Lentmaier Thursday, September 3, 08 X(f )F{x(t)} x(t) e jπ ft dt X Re (f )+jx Im (f ) X(f ) e jϕ(f ) x(t)f
More informationDesign of Coded Modulation Schemes for Orthogonal Transmit Diversity. Mohammad Jaber Borran, Mahsa Memarzadeh, and Behnaam Aazhang
1 esign of Coded Modulation Schemes for Orthogonal Transmit iversity Mohammad Jaber orran, Mahsa Memarzadeh, and ehnaam Aazhang ' E E E E E E 2 Abstract In this paper, we propose a technique to decouple
More informationSignal Encoding Techniques
2 Techniques ITS323: to Data Communications CSS331: Fundamentals of Data Communications Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammasat University Prepared by Steven Gordon on 3 August 2015
More informationADSL. Surasak Sanguanpong Last updated: 9 Feb 2001
1/6 Surasak Sanguanpong nguan@ku.ac.th http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~nguan Last updated: 9 Feb 2001 What is? 2/6 stands for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line is a new, super high-speed modem technology that
More informationENERGY EFFICIENT POWER BACK-OFF MANAGEMENT FOR VDSL2 TRANSMISSION
17th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 29) Glasgow, Scotland, August 24-28, 29 ENERGY EFFICIENT POWER BACK-OFF MANAGEMENT FOR VDSL2 TRANSMISSION Tomas Nordström, Driton Statovci, and Martin
More information- 1 - Rap. UIT-R BS Rep. ITU-R BS.2004 DIGITAL BROADCASTING SYSTEMS INTENDED FOR AM BANDS
- 1 - Rep. ITU-R BS.2004 DIGITAL BROADCASTING SYSTEMS INTENDED FOR AM BANDS (1995) 1 Introduction In the last decades, very few innovations have been brought to radiobroadcasting techniques in AM bands
More informationPerformance Analysis of OFDM System with QPSK for Wireless Communication
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE) e-issn: 2278-2834,p- ISSN: 2278-8735.Volume 11, Issue 3, Ver. I (May-Jun.2016), PP 33-37 www.iosrjournals.org Performance Analysis
More informationDigital Signal Analysis
Digital Signal Analysis Objectives - Provide a digital modulation overview - Review common digital radio impairments Digital Modulation Overview Signal Characteristics to Modify Polar Display / IQ Relationship
More informationBlock interleaving for soft decision Viterbi decoding in OFDM systems
Block interleaving for soft decision Viterbi decoding in OFDM systems Van Duc Nguyen and Hans-Peter Kuchenbecker University of Hannover, Institut für Allgemeine Nachrichtentechnik Appelstr. 9A, D-30167
More informationOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing & Measurement of its Performance
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology IJCSMC, Vol. 5, Issue. 2, February 2016,
More informationComputer Networks - Xarxes de Computadors
Computer Networks - Xarxes de Computadors Outline Course Syllabus Unit 1: Introduction Unit 2. IP Networks Unit 3. Point to Point Protocols -TCP Unit 4. Local Area Networks, LANs 1 Outline Introduction
More informationTCM-coded OFDM assisted by ANN in Wireless Channels
1 Aradhana Misra & 2 Kandarpa Kumar Sarma Dept. of Electronics and Communication Technology Gauhati University Guwahati-781014. Assam, India Email: aradhana66@yahoo.co.in, kandarpaks@gmail.com Abstract
More informationDetection and Estimation of Signals in Noise. Dr. Robert Schober Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia
Detection and Estimation of Signals in Noise Dr. Robert Schober Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, August 24, 2010 2 Contents 1 Basic Elements
More informationEC6501 Digital Communication
EC6501 Digital Communication UNIT -1 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Digital Communication system 1) Write the advantages and disadvantages of digital communication. [A/M 11] The advantages of digital communication
More informationCable Testing TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING
Cable Testing TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING Analog Signals 2 Digital Signals Square waves, like sine waves, are periodic. However, square wave graphs do not continuously vary with time. The wave holds
More informationTowards Gigabit DSL (GDSL): System Feasibility Study
1 Towards Gigabit DSL (GDSL): System Feasibility Study J.H. van Wyk, Member, IEEE, and L.P. Linde, Senior Member, IEEE Abstract With the introduction of VDSL2 and the implementation of Fibre-to-the-Curb
More information