Summary. Seismic vibrators are the preferred sources for land seismic ( ) (1) Unfortunately, due to the mechanical and

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Summary. Seismic vibrators are the preferred sources for land seismic ( ) (1) Unfortunately, due to the mechanical and"

Transcription

1 Timothy Dean*, John Quigley, Scott MacDonald, and Colin Readman, WesternGeco. Summary Seismic vibrators are the preferred sources for land seismic surveys. Unfortunately, due to the mechanical and hydraulic constraints of the vibrator actuator, the typical swept bandwidth has been quite limited. The importance of broadband vibroseis data continues to grow in concert with other advances in seismic acquisition, processing and inversion. In this paper we show how improvements in the delivered source bandwidth can be made solely through careful vibrator sweep design. Given the influence of surface conditions on vibrator performance, such designs cannot be achieved using theoretical relationships or canned drive functions. Instead, each survey requires a carefully designed, optimized and tested solution. Introduction Seismic vibrators are the preferred sources for land seismic surveys as they are relatively repeatable, controllable, energetic, low environmental impact, and are costeffective. Unfortunately, due to the mechanical and hydraulic constraints of the vibrator actuator, the typical swept bandwidth has been quite limited, typically of the order of three octaves (e.g. from 8 to 80 Hz). Although improvements in bandwidth can be made by modifying the hydraulic/mechanical performance of a vibrator, for example the low-frequency output can be improved by increasing the reaction-mass stroke or weight, in this paper we limit ourselves to showing how improvements can be made solely through the design of the sweep. Theoretical background Our sweep design methodology centers on creating a frequency dependent force-amplitude (drive) function such that the drive-level at each frequency is maximised but does not exceed the mechanical limitations of the vibrator. Bagaini (2008) showed how we can overcome the reduction in energy from reducing the drive-level by increasing the instantaneous sweep rate. This methodology has commonly been used to enhance the low-frequency content of the sweep but can be applied across the full sweep bandwidth. The time t required at a given frequency f to achieve a desired ground-force power spectral density psd at a drive force D is given by (Bagaini, 2008): ( ) (1) The increase in time Δt required to counteract a drop in drive to D (i.e. constant psd) at a given frequency relative to 100% drive is given by: (2) This function is plotted in Figure 1. Clearly as the drivelevel is reduced the increase in sweep time required to counteract the reduction quickly grows. For example, when the drive level is reduced to 25% of its maximum the time required increases by a factor of 16. In the interests of efficiency it is therefore highly desirable to use the maximum possible drive function at each frequency; otherwise we will reduce the total energy of the sweep or have to increase the sweep length to compensate, likely having a detrimental impact on productivity. Figure 1: The amount of sweep time required to compensate for a reduction in drive-level. Note that the y-axis is logarithmic. Low-frequencies We consider the low-frequency section of the sweep bandwidth to be that below about 10 Hz. Theoretically the drive-level in this region is limited by the distance that the reaction mass can move (the stroke) and the ability of the hydraulic system to provide adequate flow to move it (Sallas, 2010). The theoretical low-frequency performance of a vibrator can be calculated from combining the equations for the displacement and flow limits. The maximum frequency at which the vibrator can output the maximum fundamental force F pk (called the maximum displacement frequency f md ) is calculated from: (3) Page 6

2 where M r is the reaction mass weight in kg and S is the maximum usable stroke in metres. The maximum output without exceeding the limits of the pump at frequency f is given by: (4) where A p is the piston area in m² and PFR is the pump flow rating in m³/s. Our experience has shown that theoretically based forcefrequency drive functions can be quite inaccurate when compared to those derived experimentally in the field (e.g. Figure 2). Overestimating the drive-function in the sweep design can result in damage to the vibrator if the stroke limit is exceeded, slamming the Mass, and/or reduction in the energy and quality of the generated signal. At lower frequencies particularly, failing to drive the vibrator towards the available limit (e.g. Figure 3) is inefficient and results in a reduction of total output energy for a fixed sweep time. Mid-frequencies We consider the mid-frequencies to be those between the low-frequency and high-frequency sections (~10 to 80 Hz). Within this section of the sweep the output is limited by the hold-down, i.e. the sum of the fundamental component of the ground-force and its associated harmonics cannot exceed the hold-down of the vibrator or the baseplate will decouple and bounce on the surface. In reality, this situation is avoided by the vibrator controller automatically reducing the drive-level when the hold-down limit is reached. The problems with this automatic limiting are two-fold, firstly energy at these frequencies is reduced (although the controller prevents the vibrator from decoupling the fundamental component of the ground-force drops below that of the pilot and energy at these frequencies will be reduced), and secondly, distortion increases as the limiting condition is approached. To avoid this situation the drive function for the sweep at these frequencies must be designed such that the groundforce is maximized without exceeding the limits, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 2: The theoretical low-frequency limitations for stroke (blue) and flow (green) and the experimentally derived limit (black) for an 80,000 lb peak-force vibrator at one location. The overall theoretical drive-function (red) is the minimum of the stroke and flow limits. Figure 3: An example weighted-sum ground-force trace where the force-frequency drive amplitude is conservatively low resulting in a signal with reduced output energy that is heavily distorted (the spikes at the maxima and minima). Compare this result with Figure 8. Figure 4: An example ground-force result showing how the drive level (left) must be reduced above 70 Hz to ensure that the groundforce limit (right) is not exceeded. High-frequencies High-frequency (>80 Hz) performance is affected by aspects of the actuator design, including piston area, reaction-mass weight, baseplate weight and stiffness, and cavitation in the servo-valve, but most important is the phase difference between the reaction-mass and the baseplate which is a result of the ground conditions. As the weighted-sum estimate of the ground-force used to control the vibrator is the sum of the accelerometer readings multiplied by their respective masses (Sallas, 1984) this means that as the phase difference between the reactionmass and baseplate increases to large angles, they are essentially working against each other (Figure 5). Page 7

3 different baseplate-reaction-mass phase difference values. Once the phase is 180º the maximum force is equal to the difference between the reaction-mass and baseplate weights divided by their sum, in this case 49%. To overcome such a decrease in drive-level would require sweeping four times longer at these frequencies. Figure 5: Four simple modelled examples showing the baseplate and reaction-mass accelerations (weighted by their respective masses) and the resulting weighted-sum ground-force estimate. The title of each plot details the phase difference between the reaction-mass and baseplate accelerations. All the y-axes have the same scale. This effect is shown in Figure 6, which shows the results obtained using the same sweep on two slightly different surface conditions. On the soft sand (blue lines) the reaction-mass force reaches the limiting condition, shown by the black line. On the normal, more firm sand (orange and red lines) the reaction-mass force increases but doesn t hit the limit. When the limit is reached the controller can no longer control the sweep by increasing the reaction-mass force which results in a significant increase in distortion. Figure 7: The maximum amplitude of the ground force as a percentage of the ground-force when the phase difference is 0º versus the phase difference between the baseplate and reactionmass. Tapers Sweeps are commonly tapered at their extremes to reduce Gibbs phenomenon and because the vibrator is unable to start and stop at full power instantaneously. Along with tapers at the start and the end of the sweep it is also necessary to control the amplitude of the drivefunction itself to limit distortion. This is particularly important in the transition from the displacement-limited section of the sweep to the full drive section. Figure 8 shows the ground force result along with the amplitude envelope of the pilot. The taper between 8 and 10 s was inadequate, resulting in the ground-force exceeding the pilot at this point. Figure 6: Reaction-mass force (top) and distortion (bottom) for the same sweep acquired on soft sand (blue lines) and firm sand (red and orange lines). Figure 7 shows the maximum ground-force amplitude as a percentage of the value when the phase difference is 0º for Figure 8: An example ground-force trace and pilot envelope. Distortion One of the measures commonly used to determine the quality of vibroseis sweep transmission is total harmonic Page 8

4 distortion. When acquiring enhanced low-frequency sweeps the distortion at the start of the sweep often appears to be very high. The standard equation for distortion is: ( ) ( ) (5) The important thing to note in this equation is that the RMS of the harmonics is squared. This means that the harmonics at low frequencies, which appear as large amplitude spikes, result in misleadingly high distortion measurements. The example shown in Figure 9 has peak distortion of more than 40% which would be unacceptable under most criteria for conventional sweeps. Figure 9: An example ground-force trace from the low-frequency section of a sweep. The harmonics appear as spikes at the turning points of the trace. Of course the distortion resulting from the application of equation 3 relates to uncorrelated data; what we are really interested in is the level of distortion after correlation, at which stage any noise outside the sweep bandwidth will be removed. We are also only interested in a relatively short time window of the correlated data; thus some noise will fall outside this time window, particularly for longer sweeps. A more useful measurement for distortion is therefore to look at the envelope of the crosscorrelation between the pilot and ground-force traces, in particular, does distortion appear above the commonly accepted limit of 40 db in the time window of interest? For the result shown in Figure 10 this is the case despite standard harmonic distortion metrics indicating that the sweep was above acceptable limits. Figure 10: Cross-correlation between the pilot and the groundforce. Discussion and conclusion The importance of broadband vibroseis data continues to grow in concert with other advances in seismic acquisition, processing and inversion. The critical first step in acquiring such data is being able to generate a suitable source signal, although the importance of having receivers that can also record low frequencies should not be understated. Recently acquired downhole experiments (Dean et al., 2013a; Dean et al., 2013b) have shown how sweeps with bandwidths of more than seven octaves can be successfully transmitted and recorded. Further experiments have shown that maximum frequencies of 250 Hz are achievable, but there is currently little demand for these frequencies for deep hydrocarbon surveys due to the effects of attenuation. In this paper we have shown that the design of a highquality, optimized, broadband sweep must consider the influence of surface conditions on vibrator performance, and that this cannot be reliably and efficiently achieved using theoretical relationships or canned drive-functions. Instead, each survey requires a carefully designed, optimized and tested solution. Acknowledgements The authors thank the many people within WesternGeco and Schlumberger who have taken part in numerous Vibroseis experiments over the last ten years, as well as various internal reviewers. Page 9

5 EDITED REFERENCES Note: This reference list is a copy-edited version of the reference list submitted by the author. Reference lists for the 2014 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts have been copy edited so that references provided with the online metadata for each paper will achieve a high degree of linking to cited sources that appear on the Web. REFERENCES Bagaini, C., 2008, Low-frequency vibroseis data with maximum displacement sweeps: The Leading Edge, 27, , Dean, T., J. Tulett, M. Puckett, and D. Lane, 2013, Improving land VSP resolution through the use of a broadband vibroseis source: 83rd Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, McClay, M., T. Dean, M. Puckett, J. Tulett, and D. Lane, 2013, Broadband vibroseis: The source of better VSP data: 75th Conference & Exhibition, EAGE, Extended Abstracts, doi: / Sallas, J., 1984, Seismic vibrator control and the downgoing P-wave: Geophysics, 49, , Sallas, J., 2010, How do hydraulic vibrators work? A look inside the black box: Geophysical Prospecting, 58, no. 1, 3 18, Page 10

Noise Reduction in VibroSeis Source Kaëlig Castor*, Thomas Bianchi, Olivier Winter, Thierry Klein, CGG

Noise Reduction in VibroSeis Source Kaëlig Castor*, Thomas Bianchi, Olivier Winter, Thierry Klein, CGG Downloaded //6 to 9..7.. Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at http://library.seg.org/ Noise Reduction in VibroSeis Source Kaëlig Castor*, Thomas Bianchi, Olivier Winter,

More information

Tu N Higher Vibrator Hydraulic Force for Improved High Frequency Generation

Tu N Higher Vibrator Hydraulic Force for Improved High Frequency Generation Tu N105 06 Higher Vibrator Hydraulic Force for Improved High Frequency Generation N. Tellier* (Sercel), G. Ollivrin (Sercel) & G. Caradec (Sercel) SUMMARY For conventional deep seismic with heavy vibrators,

More information

Summary. Page SEG SEG Denver 2014 Annual Meeting

Summary. Page SEG SEG Denver 2014 Annual Meeting Seismo-acoustic characterization of a seismic vibrator Claudio Bagaini*, Martin Laycock and Colin Readman, WesternGeco; Emmanuel Coste, Schlumberger; Colin Anderson, Siemens PLM Software Summary A seismic

More information

Developments in vibrator control

Developments in vibrator control Geophysical Prospecting, 2010, 58, 33 40 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2478.2009.00848.x Developments in vibrator control D. Boucard and G. Ollivrin Sercel France, PO Box 439, 44474 Carquefou Cedex, France Received

More information

The case for longer sweeps in vibrator acquisition Malcolm Lansley, Sercel, John Gibson, Forest Lin, Alexandre Egreteau and Julien Meunier, CGGVeritas

The case for longer sweeps in vibrator acquisition Malcolm Lansley, Sercel, John Gibson, Forest Lin, Alexandre Egreteau and Julien Meunier, CGGVeritas The case for longer sweeps in vibrator acquisition Malcolm Lansley, Sercel, John Gibson, Forest Lin, Alexandre Egreteau and Julien Meunier, CGGVeritas There is growing interest in the oil and gas industry

More information

Using long sweep in land vibroseis acquisition

Using long sweep in land vibroseis acquisition Using long sweep in land vibroseis acquisition Authors: Alexandre Egreteau, John Gibson, Forest Lin and Julien Meunier (CGGVeritas) Main objectives: Promote the use of long sweeps to compensate for the

More information

OPTIMIZING HIGH FREQUENCY VIBROSEIS DATA. Abstract

OPTIMIZING HIGH FREQUENCY VIBROSEIS DATA. Abstract OPTIMIZING HIGH FREQUENCY VIBROSEIS DATA Theresa R. Rademacker, Kansas Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS Richard D. Miller, Kansas Geological Survey, Lawrence, KS Shelby L. Walters, Kansas Geological Survey,

More information

There is growing interest in the oil and gas industry to

There is growing interest in the oil and gas industry to Coordinated by JEFF DEERE JOHN GIBSON, FOREST LIN, ALEXANDRE EGRETEAU, and JULIEN MEUNIER, CGGVeritas MALCOLM LANSLEY, Sercel There is growing interest in the oil and gas industry to improve the quality

More information

Vibroseis Correlation An Example of Digital Signal Processing (L. Braile, Purdue University, SAGE; April, 2001; revised August, 2004, May, 2007)

Vibroseis Correlation An Example of Digital Signal Processing (L. Braile, Purdue University, SAGE; April, 2001; revised August, 2004, May, 2007) Vibroseis Correlation An Example of Digital Signal Processing (L. Braile, Purdue University, SAGE; April, 2001; revised August, 2004, May, 2007) Introduction: In the vibroseis method of seismic exploration,

More information

Module 4 TEST SYSTEM Part 2. SHAKING TABLE CONTROLLER ASSOCIATED SOFTWARES Dr. J.C. QUEVAL, CEA/Saclay

Module 4 TEST SYSTEM Part 2. SHAKING TABLE CONTROLLER ASSOCIATED SOFTWARES Dr. J.C. QUEVAL, CEA/Saclay Module 4 TEST SYSTEM Part 2 SHAKING TABLE CONTROLLER ASSOCIATED SOFTWARES Dr. J.C. QUEVAL, CEA/Saclay DEN/DM2S/SEMT/EMSI 11/03/2010 1 2 Electronic command Basic closed loop control The basic closed loop

More information

REVISITING THE VIBROSEIS WAVELET

REVISITING THE VIBROSEIS WAVELET REVISITING THE VIBROSEIS WAVELET Shaun Strong 1 *, Steve Hearn 2 Velseis Pty Ltd and University of Queensland sstrong@velseis.com 1, steveh@velseis.com 2 Key Words: Vibroseis, wavelet, linear sweep, Vari

More information

Response spectrum Time history Power Spectral Density, PSD

Response spectrum Time history Power Spectral Density, PSD A description is given of one way to implement an earthquake test where the test severities are specified by time histories. The test is done by using a biaxial computer aided servohydraulic test rig.

More information

Summary. Time only. Distance only. Simultaneous Methods. Distance and Time. Slip-Sweeps Dynamic Slip-Sweeps Unconstrained simultaneous sources

Summary. Time only. Distance only. Simultaneous Methods. Distance and Time. Slip-Sweeps Dynamic Slip-Sweeps Unconstrained simultaneous sources Over 40,000 VPs per day with real-time quality control: Opportunities and Challenges Peter I. Pecholcs, Stephen K. Lafon, Hafiz Al-Shammery and Panos G. Kelamis (Saudi Aramco) Olivier Winter, Jean-Baptiste

More information

Technology of Adaptive Vibroseis for Wide Spectrum Prospecting

Technology of Adaptive Vibroseis for Wide Spectrum Prospecting Technology of Adaptive Vibroseis for Wide Spectrum Prospecting Xianzheng Zhao, Xishuang Wang, A.P. Zhukov, Ruifeng Zhang, Chuanzhang Tang Abstract: Seismic data from conventional vibroseis prospecting

More information

STEREO IMPACT Solar Energetic Particles Package (SEP) Dynamic Test Plan

STEREO IMPACT Solar Energetic Particles Package (SEP) Dynamic Test Plan 1 2 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 352G-WBT-0507 Interoffice Memorandum January 13, 2005 To: From: Subject: References: Distribution W. B. Tsoi STEREO IMPACT Solar Energetic Particles Package (SEP) Dynamic

More information

2012 SEG SEG Las Vegas 2012 Annual Meeting Page 1

2012 SEG SEG Las Vegas 2012 Annual Meeting Page 1 Full-wavefield, towed-marine seismic acquisition and applications David Halliday, Schlumberger Cambridge Research, Johan O. A. Robertsson, ETH Zürich, Ivan Vasconcelos, Schlumberger Cambridge Research,

More information

Efficient Acquisition of Quality Borehole Seismic

Efficient Acquisition of Quality Borehole Seismic Efficient Acquisition of Quality Borehole Seismic The Versatile Seismic Imager Applications Integrated processing for interpretation of boreholeand surface-seismic data Images for reservoir definition

More information

Th ELI1 08 Efficient Land Seismic Acquisition Sampling Using Rotational Data

Th ELI1 08 Efficient Land Seismic Acquisition Sampling Using Rotational Data Th ELI1 8 Efficient Land Seismic Acquisition Sampling Using Rotational Data P. Edme* (Schlumberger Gould Research), E. Muyzert (Sclumberger Gould Research) & E. Kragh (Schlumberger Gould Research) SUMMARY

More information

SHOCK AND VIBRATION RESPONSE SPECTRA COURSE Unit 17. Aliasing. Again, engineers collect accelerometer data in a variety of settings.

SHOCK AND VIBRATION RESPONSE SPECTRA COURSE Unit 17. Aliasing. Again, engineers collect accelerometer data in a variety of settings. SHOCK AND VIBRATION RESPONSE SPECTRA COURSE Unit 17. Aliasing By Tom Irvine Email: tomirvine@aol.com Introduction Again, engineers collect accelerometer data in a variety of settings. Examples include:

More information

Tu LHR1 07 MT Noise Suppression for Marine CSEM Data

Tu LHR1 07 MT Noise Suppression for Marine CSEM Data Tu LHR1 7 MT Noise Suppression for Marine CSEM Data K.R. Hansen* (EMGS ASA), V. Markhus (EMGS ASA) & R. Mittet (EMGS ASA) SUMMARY We present a simple and effective method for suppression of MT noise in

More information

FINAL REPORT EL# RS. C. A. Hurich & MUN Seismic Team Earth Sciences Dept. Memorial University Sept. 2009

FINAL REPORT EL# RS. C. A. Hurich & MUN Seismic Team Earth Sciences Dept. Memorial University Sept. 2009 FINAL REPORT EL# 09-101-01-RS MUNSIST Seismic Source Test - Five Mile Road C. A. Hurich & MUN Seismic Team Earth Sciences Dept. Memorial University Sept. 2009 1 EL# 09-101-01-RS Five-Mile Road Memorial

More information

An Introduction to Spectrum Analyzer. An Introduction to Spectrum Analyzer

An Introduction to Spectrum Analyzer. An Introduction to Spectrum Analyzer 1 An Introduction to Spectrum Analyzer 2 Chapter 1. Introduction As a result of rapidly advancement in communication technology, all the mobile technology of applications has significantly and profoundly

More information

Attenuation of high energy marine towed-streamer noise Nick Moldoveanu, WesternGeco

Attenuation of high energy marine towed-streamer noise Nick Moldoveanu, WesternGeco Nick Moldoveanu, WesternGeco Summary Marine seismic data have been traditionally contaminated by bulge waves propagating along the streamers that were generated by tugging and strumming from the vessel,

More information

(i) Sine sweep (ii) Sine beat (iii) Time history (iv) Continuous sine

(i) Sine sweep (ii) Sine beat (iii) Time history (iv) Continuous sine A description is given of one way to implement an earthquake test where the test severities are specified by the sine-beat method. The test is done by using a biaxial computer aided servohydraulic test

More information

South Africa CO2 Seismic Program

South Africa CO2 Seismic Program 1 South Africa CO2 Seismic Program ANNEXURE B Bob A. Hardage October 2016 There have been great advances in seismic technology in the decades following the acquisition of legacy, limited-quality, 2D seismic

More information

MATHEMATICAL MODEL VALIDATION

MATHEMATICAL MODEL VALIDATION CHAPTER 5: VALIDATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL 5-1 MATHEMATICAL MODEL VALIDATION 5.1 Preamble 5-2 5.2 Basic strut model validation 5-2 5.2.1 Passive characteristics 5-3 5.2.2 Workspace tests 5-3 5.3 SDOF

More information

CDP noise attenuation using local linear models

CDP noise attenuation using local linear models CDP noise attenuation CDP noise attenuation using local linear models Todor I. Todorov and Gary F. Margrave ABSTRACT Seismic noise attenuation plays an important part in a seismic processing flow. Spatial

More information

Solution of Pipeline Vibration Problems By New Field-Measurement Technique

Solution of Pipeline Vibration Problems By New Field-Measurement Technique Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 1974 Solution of Pipeline Vibration Problems By New Field-Measurement Technique Michael

More information

Filling in the MIMO Matrix Part 2 Time Waveform Replication Tests Using Field Data

Filling in the MIMO Matrix Part 2 Time Waveform Replication Tests Using Field Data Filling in the MIMO Matrix Part 2 Time Waveform Replication Tests Using Field Data Marcos Underwood, Russ Ayres, and Tony Keller, Spectral Dynamics, Inc., San Jose, California There is currently quite

More information

Real-Time FFT Analyser - Functional Specification

Real-Time FFT Analyser - Functional Specification Real-Time FFT Analyser - Functional Specification Input: Number of input channels 2 Input voltage ranges ±10 mv to ±10 V in a 1-2 - 5 sequence Autorange Pre-acquisition automatic selection of full-scale

More information

Simultaneous multi-source acquisition using m-sequences

Simultaneous multi-source acquisition using m-sequences Simultaneous source acquisition using m-sequences Simultaneous multi-source acquisition using m-sequences Joe Wong ABSTRACT Maximal length sequences, or m-sequences, are periodic mathematical periodic

More information

sin(wt) y(t) Exciter Vibrating armature ENME599 1

sin(wt) y(t) Exciter Vibrating armature ENME599 1 ENME599 1 LAB #3: Kinematic Excitation (Forced Vibration) of a SDOF system Students must read the laboratory instruction manual prior to the lab session. The lab report must be submitted in the beginning

More information

C/N Ratio at Low Carrier Frequencies in SFQ

C/N Ratio at Low Carrier Frequencies in SFQ Application Note C/N Ratio at Low Carrier Frequencies in SFQ Products: TV Test Transmitter SFQ 7BM09_0E C/N ratio at low carrier frequencies in SFQ Contents 1 Preliminaries... 3 2 Description of Ranges...

More information

Repeatability Measure for Broadband 4D Seismic

Repeatability Measure for Broadband 4D Seismic Repeatability Measure for Broadband 4D Seismic J. Burren (Petroleum Geo-Services) & D. Lecerf* (Petroleum Geo-Services) SUMMARY Future time-lapse broadband surveys should provide better reservoir monitoring

More information

Variable-depth streamer acquisition: broadband data for imaging and inversion

Variable-depth streamer acquisition: broadband data for imaging and inversion P-246 Variable-depth streamer acquisition: broadband data for imaging and inversion Robert Soubaras, Yves Lafet and Carl Notfors*, CGGVeritas Summary This paper revisits the problem of receiver deghosting,

More information

Design of an Optimal High Pass Filter in Frequency Wave Number (F-K) Space for Suppressing Dispersive Ground Roll Noise from Onshore Seismic Data

Design of an Optimal High Pass Filter in Frequency Wave Number (F-K) Space for Suppressing Dispersive Ground Roll Noise from Onshore Seismic Data Universal Journal of Physics and Application 11(5): 144-149, 2017 DOI: 10.13189/ujpa.2017.110502 http://www.hrpub.org Design of an Optimal High Pass Filter in Frequency Wave Number (F-K) Space for Suppressing

More information

X039 Observations of Surface Vibrator Repeatability in a Desert Environment

X039 Observations of Surface Vibrator Repeatability in a Desert Environment X39 Observations of Surface Vibrator Repeatability in a Desert Environment M.A. Jervis* (Saudi Aramco), A.V. Bakulin (Saudi Aramco), R.M. Burnstad (Saudi Aramco), C. Beron (CGGVeritas) & E. Forgues (CGGVeritas)

More information

Introduction*to*Machinery*Vibration*Sheet*Answer* Chapter*1:*Vibrations*Sources*and*Uses*

Introduction*to*Machinery*Vibration*Sheet*Answer* Chapter*1:*Vibrations*Sources*and*Uses* IntroductiontoMachineryVibrationSheetAnswer Chapter1:VibrationsSourcesandUses 1. 1. imposed motions related to the function - e.g. slider crank and earn 2. inadequate design - e.g. resonance 3. manufacturing

More information

Measuring Power Supply Switching Loss with an Oscilloscope

Measuring Power Supply Switching Loss with an Oscilloscope Measuring Power Supply Switching Loss with an Oscilloscope Our thanks to Tektronix for allowing us to reprint the following. Ideally, the switching device is either on or off like a light switch, and instantaneously

More information

=, (1) Summary. Theory. Introduction

=, (1) Summary. Theory. Introduction Noise suppression for detection and location of microseismic events using a matched filter Leo Eisner*, David Abbott, William B. Barker, James Lakings and Michael P. Thornton, Microseismic Inc. Summary

More information

A robust x-t domain deghosting method for various source/receiver configurations Yilmaz, O., and Baysal, E., Paradigm Geophysical

A robust x-t domain deghosting method for various source/receiver configurations Yilmaz, O., and Baysal, E., Paradigm Geophysical A robust x-t domain deghosting method for various source/receiver configurations Yilmaz, O., and Baysal, E., Paradigm Geophysical Summary Here we present a method of robust seismic data deghosting for

More information

SPNA 2.3. SEG/Houston 2005 Annual Meeting 2177

SPNA 2.3. SEG/Houston 2005 Annual Meeting 2177 SPNA 2.3 Source and receiver amplitude equalization using reciprocity Application to land seismic data Robbert van Vossen and Jeannot Trampert, Utrecht University, The Netherlands Andrew Curtis, Schlumberger

More information

Marine broadband case study offshore China

Marine broadband case study offshore China first break volume 29, September 2011 technical article Marine broadband case study offshore China Tim Bunting, 1* Bee Jik Lim, 2 Chui Huah Lim, 3 Ed Kragh, 4 Gao Rongtao, 1 Shao Kun Yang, 5 Zhen Bo Zhang,

More information

Surface-consistent phase corrections by stack-power maximization Peter Cary* and Nirupama Nagarajappa, Arcis Seismic Solutions, TGS

Surface-consistent phase corrections by stack-power maximization Peter Cary* and Nirupama Nagarajappa, Arcis Seismic Solutions, TGS Surface-consistent phase corrections by stack-power maximization Peter Cary* and Nirupama Nagarajappa, Arcis Seismic Solutions, TGS Summary In land AVO processing, near-surface heterogeneity issues are

More information

Downloaded 11/02/15 to Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at

Downloaded 11/02/15 to Redistribution subject to SEG license or copyright; see Terms of Use at Unbiased surface-consistent scalar estimation by crosscorrelation Nirupama Nagarajappa*, Peter Cary, Arcis Seismic Solutions, a TGS Company, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Summary Surface-consistent scaling

More information

Introduction. Figure 2: Source-Receiver location map (to the right) and geometry template (to the left).

Introduction. Figure 2: Source-Receiver location map (to the right) and geometry template (to the left). Advances in interbed multiples prediction and attenuation: Case study from onshore Kuwait Adel El-Emam* and Khaled Shams Al-Deen, Kuwait Oil Company; Alexander Zarkhidze and Andy Walz, WesternGeco Introduction

More information

A new method of designing MIL STD (et al) shock tests that meet specification and practical constraints. Biography. Abstract

A new method of designing MIL STD (et al) shock tests that meet specification and practical constraints. Biography. Abstract A new method of designing MIL STD (et al) shock tests that meet specification and practical constraints Richard Lax - m+p international (UK) Ltd Biography The author has a degree in Electronic Engineering,

More information

Industrial vibration sensor selection: piezovelocity transducers

Industrial vibration sensor selection: piezovelocity transducers Industrial vibration sensor selection: piezovelocity transducers In many industrial monitoring applications, piezovelocity transducers have distinct advantages over piezoelectric accelerometers and traditional

More information

Omar E ROOD 1, Han-Sheng CHEN 2, Rodney L LARSON 3 And Richard F NOWAK 4 SUMMARY

Omar E ROOD 1, Han-Sheng CHEN 2, Rodney L LARSON 3 And Richard F NOWAK 4 SUMMARY DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH FLOW, HIGH PERFORMANCE HYDRAULIC SERVO VALVES AND CONTROL METHODOLOGIES IN SUPPORT OF FUTURE SUPER LARGE SCALE SHAKING TABLE FACILITIES Omar E ROOD 1, Han-Sheng CHEN 2, Rodney L LARSON

More information

Looking deeper through Pre Amplifier gain A study

Looking deeper through Pre Amplifier gain A study P-36 Looking deeper through Pre Amplifier gain A study C.V.Jambhekar*, DGM (S) & Paparaju Buddhavarapu, CE (E&T), ONGC, Vadodara, India Summary This article is a report on the experimental study carried

More information

Signal Processing for Digitizers

Signal Processing for Digitizers Signal Processing for Digitizers Modular digitizers allow accurate, high resolution data acquisition that can be quickly transferred to a host computer. Signal processing functions, applied in the digitizer

More information

EE 215 Semester Project SPECTRAL ANALYSIS USING FOURIER TRANSFORM

EE 215 Semester Project SPECTRAL ANALYSIS USING FOURIER TRANSFORM EE 215 Semester Project SPECTRAL ANALYSIS USING FOURIER TRANSFORM Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Missouri University of Science and Technology Page 1 Table of Contents Introduction...Page

More information

ANALYSIS OF 3RD OCTAVE BAND GROUND MOTIONS TRANSMISSION IN SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FACILITY SOLARIS Daniel Ziemianski, Marek Kozien

ANALYSIS OF 3RD OCTAVE BAND GROUND MOTIONS TRANSMISSION IN SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FACILITY SOLARIS Daniel Ziemianski, Marek Kozien ANALYSIS OF 3RD OCTAVE BAND GROUND MOTIONS TRANSMISSION IN SYNCHROTRON RADIATION FACILITY SOLARIS Daniel Ziemianski, Marek Kozien Cracow University of Technology, Institute of Applied Mechanics, al. Jana

More information

Vibroseis evolution: May the ground force be with you

Vibroseis evolution: May the ground force be with you Vibroseis evolution: May the ground force be with you Spencer Rowse 1* and Anthony Tinkle 1 present an examination of past and present models and concepts in those aspects of seismic data acquisition related

More information

Statistical Pulse Measurements using USB Power Sensors

Statistical Pulse Measurements using USB Power Sensors Statistical Pulse Measurements using USB Power Sensors Today s modern USB Power Sensors are capable of many advanced power measurements. These Power Sensors are capable of demodulating the signal and processing

More information

18.8 Channel Capacity

18.8 Channel Capacity 674 COMMUNICATIONS SIGNAL PROCESSING 18.8 Channel Capacity The main challenge in designing the physical layer of a digital communications system is approaching the channel capacity. By channel capacity

More information

Industrial vibration sensor selection: Piezovelocity transducers

Industrial vibration sensor selection: Piezovelocity transducers Industrial vibration sensor selection: Piezovelocity transducers In many industrial monitoring applications, piezovelocity transducers have distinct advantages over piezoelectric accelerometers and traditional

More information

Spectral Detection of Attenuation and Lithology

Spectral Detection of Attenuation and Lithology Spectral Detection of Attenuation and Lithology M S Maklad* Signal Estimation Technology Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada msm@signalestimation.com and J K Dirstein Total Depth Pty Ltd, Perth, Western Australia,

More information

Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division

Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division June 4, 2013 Measurement Guidance for Certification of Licensed Digital Transmitters 1.0 Introduction and Applicability

More information

Maximizing LPM Accuracy AN 25

Maximizing LPM Accuracy AN 25 Maximizing LPM Accuracy AN 25 Application Note to the KLIPPEL R&D SYSTEM This application note provides a step by step procedure that maximizes the accuracy of the linear parameters measured with the LPM

More information

AUTOMATED BEARING WEAR DETECTION. Alan Friedman

AUTOMATED BEARING WEAR DETECTION. Alan Friedman AUTOMATED BEARING WEAR DETECTION Alan Friedman DLI Engineering 253 Winslow Way W Bainbridge Island, WA 98110 PH (206)-842-7656 - FAX (206)-842-7667 info@dliengineering.com Published in Vibration Institute

More information

Comparison of Q-estimation methods: an update

Comparison of Q-estimation methods: an update Q-estimation Comparison of Q-estimation methods: an update Peng Cheng and Gary F. Margrave ABSTRACT In this article, three methods of Q estimation are compared: a complex spectral ratio method, the centroid

More information

Measurement of weighted harmonic distortion HI-2

Measurement of weighted harmonic distortion HI-2 Measurement of weighted harmonic distortion HI-2 Software of the KLIPPEL R&D and QC SYSTEM ( Document Revision 1.0) AN 7 DESCRIPTION The weighted harmonic distortion HI-2 is measured by using the DIS-Pro

More information

This tutorial describes the principles of 24-bit recording systems and clarifies some common mis-conceptions regarding these systems.

This tutorial describes the principles of 24-bit recording systems and clarifies some common mis-conceptions regarding these systems. This tutorial describes the principles of 24-bit recording systems and clarifies some common mis-conceptions regarding these systems. This is a general treatment of the subject and applies to I/O System

More information

Tu SRS3 06 Wavelet Estimation for Broadband Seismic Data

Tu SRS3 06 Wavelet Estimation for Broadband Seismic Data Tu SRS3 06 Wavelet Estimation for Broadband Seismic Data E. Zabihi Naeini* (Ikon Science), J. Gunning (CSIRO), R. White (Birkbeck University of London) & P. Spaans (Woodside) SUMMARY The volumes of broadband

More information

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Propagation of Low-Frequency, Transient Acoustic Signals through a Fluctuating Ocean: Development of a 3D Scattering Theory

More information

CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION CHAPTER 6 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION Broadly speaking, system identification is the art and science of using measurements obtained from a system to characterize the system. The characterization

More information

2015 HBM ncode Products User Group Meeting

2015 HBM ncode Products User Group Meeting Looking at Measured Data in the Frequency Domain Kurt Munson HBM-nCode Do Engineers Need Tools? 3 What is Vibration? http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vibration 4 Some Statistics Amplitude PDF y Measure

More information

WS01 B02 The Impact of Broadband Wavelets on Thin Bed Reservoir Characterisation

WS01 B02 The Impact of Broadband Wavelets on Thin Bed Reservoir Characterisation WS01 B02 The Impact of Broadband Wavelets on Thin Bed Reservoir Characterisation E. Zabihi Naeini* (Ikon Science), M. Sams (Ikon Science) & K. Waters (Ikon Science) SUMMARY Broadband re-processed seismic

More information

A Guide to Reading Transducer Specification Sheets

A Guide to Reading Transducer Specification Sheets A Guide to Reading Transducer Specification Sheets There are many numbers and figures appearing on a transducer specification sheet. This document serves as a guide to understanding the key parameters,

More information

Tu SRS3 07 Ultra-low Frequency Phase Assessment for Broadband Data

Tu SRS3 07 Ultra-low Frequency Phase Assessment for Broadband Data Tu SRS3 07 Ultra-low Frequency Phase Assessment for Broadband Data F. Yang* (CGG), R. Sablon (CGG) & R. Soubaras (CGG) SUMMARY Reliable low frequency content and phase alignment are critical for broadband

More information

COMPACT MOLECULAR-ELECTRONIC SEISMIC SENSORS

COMPACT MOLECULAR-ELECTRONIC SEISMIC SENSORS COMPACT MOLECULAR-ELECTRONIC SEISMIC SENSORS Molecular-electronic seismic accelerometers and velocimeters are designed for measuring seismic vibrations of the ground surface, buildings and engineering

More information

Anisotropic Frequency-Dependent Spreading of Seismic Waves from VSP Data Analysis

Anisotropic Frequency-Dependent Spreading of Seismic Waves from VSP Data Analysis Anisotropic Frequency-Dependent Spreading of Seismic Waves from VSP Data Analysis Amin Baharvand Ahmadi* and Igor Morozov, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan amin.baharvand@usask.ca Summary

More information

LNEC EXPERIENCES AND STRATEGIES IN EARTHQUAKE SIMULATION. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

LNEC EXPERIENCES AND STRATEGIES IN EARTHQUAKE SIMULATION. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS LNEC EXPERIENCES AND STRATEGIES IN EARTHQUAKE SIMULATION. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Joaquim DUQUE 1 And Rogerio BAIRRAO 2 SUMMARY Earthquake simulation is a growing area of testing. On the recent past, specific

More information

Testing in a Combined Vibration and Acceleration Environment

Testing in a Combined Vibration and Acceleration Environment Testing in a Combined Vibration and Acceleration Environment Richard Jepsen and Edward Romero Mechanical Environments Department, MS 1135 Sandia National Laboratories, PO Box 5800 Albuquerque, NM 87185

More information

Measurement of Digital Transmission Systems Operating under Section March 23, 2005

Measurement of Digital Transmission Systems Operating under Section March 23, 2005 Measurement of Digital Transmission Systems Operating under Section 15.247 March 23, 2005 Section 15.403(f) Digital Modulation Digital modulation is required for Digital Transmission Systems (DTS). Digital

More information

Why not narrowband? Philip Fontana* and Mikhail Makhorin, Polarcus; Thomas Cheriyan and Lee Saxton, GX Technology

Why not narrowband? Philip Fontana* and Mikhail Makhorin, Polarcus; Thomas Cheriyan and Lee Saxton, GX Technology Philip Fontana* and Mikhail Makhorin, Polarcus; Thomas Cheriyan and Lee Saxton, GX Technology Summary A 2D towed streamer acquisition experiment was conducted in deep water offshore Gabon to evaluate techniques

More information

3D Distortion Measurement (DIS)

3D Distortion Measurement (DIS) 3D Distortion Measurement (DIS) Module of the R&D SYSTEM S4 FEATURES Voltage and frequency sweep Steady-state measurement Single-tone or two-tone excitation signal DC-component, magnitude and phase of

More information

Fig m Telescope

Fig m Telescope Taming the 1.2 m Telescope Steven Griffin, Matt Edwards, Dave Greenwald, Daryn Kono, Dennis Liang and Kirk Lohnes The Boeing Company Virginia Wright and Earl Spillar Air Force Research Laboratory ABSTRACT

More information

ECE 440L. Experiment 1: Signals and Noise (1 week)

ECE 440L. Experiment 1: Signals and Noise (1 week) ECE 440L Experiment 1: Signals and Noise (1 week) I. OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this experiment, you should be able to: 1. Use the signal generators and filters in the lab to generate and filter noise

More information

SC11 Compact Analysis System

SC11 Compact Analysis System SPICER CONSULTING SC11/Compact SC11 Compact Analysis System SC11 System in carrying case Windows laptop powered measurement and analysis system Data acquired and pre-processed in sensor with universal

More information

Tu A D Broadband Towed-Streamer Assessment, West Africa Deep Water Case Study

Tu A D Broadband Towed-Streamer Assessment, West Africa Deep Water Case Study Tu A15 09 4D Broadband Towed-Streamer Assessment, West Africa Deep Water Case Study D. Lecerf* (PGS), D. Raistrick (PGS), B. Caselitz (PGS), M. Wingham (BP), J. Bradley (BP), B. Moseley (formaly BP) Summary

More information

Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division

Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division April 9, 2013 Federal Communications Commission Office of Engineering and Technology Laboratory Division Guidance for Performing Compliance Measurements on Digital Transmission Systems (DTS) Operating

More information

ISSN Volume 28 Issue 6 June A New Spring for Geoscience. Special Topic

ISSN Volume 28 Issue 6 June A New Spring for Geoscience. Special Topic ISSN 0263-5046 Volume 28 Issue 6 June 2010 Special Topic Technical Articles Multi-azimuth processing and its applications to wide-azimuth OBC seismic data offshore Abu Dhabi Borehole image logs for turbidite

More information

SmartSenseCom Introduces Next Generation Seismic Sensor Systems

SmartSenseCom Introduces Next Generation Seismic Sensor Systems SmartSenseCom Introduces Next Generation Seismic Sensor Systems Summary: SmartSenseCom, Inc. (SSC) has introduced the next generation in seismic sensing technology. SSC s systems use a unique optical sensing

More information

The VIRGO suspensions

The VIRGO suspensions INSTITUTE OF PHYSICSPUBLISHING Class. Quantum Grav. 19 (2002) 1623 1629 CLASSICAL ANDQUANTUM GRAVITY PII: S0264-9381(02)30082-0 The VIRGO suspensions The VIRGO Collaboration (presented by S Braccini) INFN,

More information

ETSI Standards and the Measurement of RF Conducted Output Power of Wi-Fi ac Signals

ETSI Standards and the Measurement of RF Conducted Output Power of Wi-Fi ac Signals ETSI Standards and the Measurement of RF Conducted Output Power of Wi-Fi 802.11ac Signals Introduction The European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) have recently introduced a revised set

More information

ENERGY- CONTENT AND SPECTRAL ANALYSES OF SHOTS FOR OPTIMUM SEISMOGRAM GENERATION IN THE NIGER DELTA

ENERGY- CONTENT AND SPECTRAL ANALYSES OF SHOTS FOR OPTIMUM SEISMOGRAM GENERATION IN THE NIGER DELTA ENERGY- CONTENT AND SPECTRAL ANALYSES OF SHOTS FOR OPTIMUM SEISMOGRAM GENERATION IN THE NIGER DELTA Alaminiokuma G.I. and *Emudianughe J.E. Department of Earth Sciences, Federal University of Petroleum

More information

1319. A new method for spectral analysis of non-stationary signals from impact tests

1319. A new method for spectral analysis of non-stationary signals from impact tests 1319. A new method for spectral analysis of non-stationary signals from impact tests Adam Kotowski Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska st. 45C, 15-351 Bialystok,

More information

Simultaneous Sources: a technology whose time has come Craig J. Beasley, WesternGeco.

Simultaneous Sources: a technology whose time has come Craig J. Beasley, WesternGeco. Craig J. Beasley, WesternGeco. Summary It is a rare and exhilarating moment when an emerging technology develops so rapidly that it warrants a special session at the SEG Annual Meeting, while, at the same

More information

CHAPTER 4 ADAPTIVE BIT-LOADING WITH AWGN FOR PLAIN LINE AND LINE WITH BRIDGE TAPS

CHAPTER 4 ADAPTIVE BIT-LOADING WITH AWGN FOR PLAIN LINE AND LINE WITH BRIDGE TAPS CHAPTER 4 ADAPTIVE BIT-LOADING WITH AWGN FOR PLAIN LINE AND LINE WITH BRIDGE TAPS 4.1 Introduction The transfer function for power line channel was obtained for defined test loops in the previous chapter.

More information

SOLVING VIBRATIONAL RESONANCE ON A LARGE SLENDER BOAT USING A TUNED MASS DAMPER. A.W. Vredeveldt, TNO, The Netherlands

SOLVING VIBRATIONAL RESONANCE ON A LARGE SLENDER BOAT USING A TUNED MASS DAMPER. A.W. Vredeveldt, TNO, The Netherlands SOLVING VIBRATIONAL RESONANCE ON A LARGE SLENDER BOAT USING A TUNED MASS DAMPER. A.W. Vredeveldt, TNO, The Netherlands SUMMARY In luxury yacht building, there is a tendency towards larger sizes, sometime

More information

ELECTROMAGNETIC MULTIFUNCTIONAL STAND FOR MEMS APPLICATIONS

ELECTROMAGNETIC MULTIFUNCTIONAL STAND FOR MEMS APPLICATIONS ELECTROMAGNETIC MULTIFUNCTIONAL STAND FOR MEMS APPLICATIONS 1 Cristian Necula, Gh. Gheorghe, 3 Viorel Gheorghe, 4 Daniel C. Comeaga, 5 Octavian Dontu 1,,3,4,5 Splaiul Independenței 313, Bucharest 06004,

More information

SECTION 2 BROADBAND RF CHARACTERISTICS. 2.1 Frequency bands

SECTION 2 BROADBAND RF CHARACTERISTICS. 2.1 Frequency bands SECTION 2 BROADBAND RF CHARACTERISTICS 2.1 Frequency bands 2.1.1 Use of AMS(R)S bands Note.- Categories of messages, and their relative priorities within the aeronautical mobile (R) service, are given

More information

Multicomponent seismic polarization analysis

Multicomponent seismic polarization analysis Saul E. Guevara and Robert R. Stewart ABSTRACT In the 3-C seismic method, the plant orientation and polarity of geophones should be previously known to provide correct amplitude information. In principle

More information

Recent fieldwork activities and analysis. Malcolm Bertram

Recent fieldwork activities and analysis. Malcolm Bertram Recent fieldwork activities and analysis Malcolm Bertram Covered in this talk The pulse-probe experiment Sources Sensors Autoseis system Near surface survey Aries Geodes Resisitivity New equipment Shear

More information

Multiple attenuation via predictive deconvolution in the radial domain

Multiple attenuation via predictive deconvolution in the radial domain Predictive deconvolution in the radial domain Multiple attenuation via predictive deconvolution in the radial domain Marco A. Perez and David C. Henley ABSTRACT Predictive deconvolution has been predominantly

More information

THE PULSAR SOFTWARE OVERVIEW

THE PULSAR SOFTWARE OVERVIEW Page: 1 THE PULSAR SOFTWARE OVERVIEW The Pulsar software uses the latest and most advanced tools and techniques in software engineering, with extensive use being made of object-oriented design and programming

More information

EE 560 Electric Machines and Drives. Autumn 2014 Final Project. Contents

EE 560 Electric Machines and Drives. Autumn 2014 Final Project. Contents EE 560 Electric Machines and Drives. Autumn 2014 Final Project Page 1 of 53 Prof. N. Nagel December 8, 2014 Brian Howard Contents Introduction 2 Induction Motor Simulation 3 Current Regulated Induction

More information

Observations of the OSOP Sixaola, March 1-3, 2016, at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory

Observations of the OSOP Sixaola, March 1-3, 2016, at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory Observations of the OSOP Sixaola, March 1-3, 2016, at the Albuquerque Seismological Laboratory There were two representatives (Angel Rodriquez and David Nelson) from OSOP at ASL March 1-3, 2016, and they

More information