Design and Construction of Automatic Voltage Regulator for Diesel Engine Type Stand-alone Synchronous Generator

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Design and Construction of Automatic Voltage Regulator for Diesel Engine Type Stand-alone Synchronous Generator"

Transcription

1 Desgn nd Constructon of Automtc Voltge Regultor for Desel Engne Type Stnd-lone Synchronous Genertor Mynzu Hty nd Kyw Sn Wn Abstrct Desel-electrc sttons hve some dvntges over other types of stton, prtculrly n comprtvely smll szes. A desel stton cn be strted nd stopped quckly s nd when requred. It does not need ny wrmng perod, nd need not be kept runnng for long tme before pckng up lod. There re thus no stndby losses s n stem sttons.. A desel stton does not need lrge mount of wter for coolng. For ths stton,, synchronous genertor s used to generte electrcty. Ths pper presents the exctton control system n genertor operton. The topc of ths pper nvolves the desgn nd constructon of exctton control (or) Automtc Voltge Regultor (AVR) for the synchronous genertor. It s necessry to develop the electronc control system for the mchne. The Automtc Voltge Regultor (AVR) s wdely used n electrcl power feld to obtn the stblty nd good regulton of the electrc system. The chrcterstcs of lterntor output requred re constnt voltge nd constnt current. To get the constnt output, lterntor feld exctton s controlled by Automtc Voltge Regultor (AVR). The Automtc Voltge Regultor mntns the constnt voltge up to certn level of lod current ndependently of genertor speed nd lod. Ths pper dels wth the desgn nd constructon of exctton control for synchronous genertor nd ntroduces the electronc control technology. The mn objectve of ths pper s to modfy the AVR wth SCR devce technology. On completon of ths pper, the constructed crcut wll mprove the overll effectveness of the synchronous genertor. Ths ncludes more ccurte mesurement of voltge nd current, s well s mprovng the response tme nd system stblty. Keywords : Automtc Voltge Regultor, Synchronous Genertor, Feld Control Crcut Mynzu Hty s wth the Mndly Technologcl Unversty, Mndly, Mynmr, ( e-ml: kywsnwnhty@gml.com ). Kyw Sn Wn s wth the Mndly Technologcl Unversty, Mndly, Mynmr, ( e-ml: kywznwn@gml.com ). C I. INTRODUCTION onstnt voltge t the genertor termnls s essentl for stsfctory mn power supply. The termnl voltge cn be ffected by vrous dsturbng fctors (speed, lod, power fctor, nd temperture rse), so tht specl regultng equpment s requred to keep the voltge constnt, even when ffected by these dsturbng fctors. Power system operton consdered so fr ws under condton of stedy lod. However, both ctve nd rectve power demnds re never stedy nd they contnully chnge wth the rsng or fllng trend. Therefore, stem nput to turbo genertors (or wter nput to hydro-genertors) must be contnuously regulted to mtch the ctve power demnd, flng whch the mchne speed wll vry wth consequent chnge n frequency whch my be hghly undesrble. Also the exctton of genertors must be contnuously regulted to mtch the rectve power demnd wth rectve generton, otherwse the voltges of vrous system buses my go beyond the prescrbed lmts. The voltge regultor my be mnully or utomtclly controlled. The voltge cn be regulted mnully by tp-chngng swtches, vrble uto trnsformer, nd n nducton regultor. In mnul control, the output voltge s sensed wth voltmeter connected t the output; the decson nd correctng operton s mde by humn beng. The mnul control my not lwys be fesble due to vrous fctors nd the ccurcy, whch cn be obtned, dependng on the degree of nstrument nd gvng much better performnce so fr s stblty. In modern lrge nterconnected system, mnul regulton s not fesble nd therefore utomtc generton nd voltge regulton equpment s nstlled on ech genertor. Automtc Voltge Regultor (AVR) my be dscontnuous or contnuous type. The dscontnuous control type s smpler thn the contnuous type but t hs ded zone where no sngle s gven. Therefore, ts response tme s longer nd less ccurte. Modern sttc contnuous type utomtc voltge regultor hs the dvntge of provdng extremely fst 65

2 response tmes nd hgh feld celng voltges for forcng rpd chnges n the genertor termnl voltge durng system fults. Rpd termnl voltge forcng s necessry to mntn trnsent stblty of the power system durng nd mmedtely fter system fults. Response tme vrton cn cuse the AVR to degrde the system stblty. Electronc control crcut s now used for the feld control crcut s the closed loop system to obtn stble output voltge. Electronc control crcut s smple but the smple s the best. By usng ths control crcut for the system, the system cost s decresed nd system relblty nd desgn flexblty re ncresed. A.. Am nd Objectves In ths pper, the utomtc voltge regultor s desgned wth electronc control crcut technology usng SCR. Voltge regultors re used for the followng dvntges: (1) to hve better system voltge regulton, () to mprove stblty nd (3) to reduce over-voltge on loss of lod. The m nd objectves re expressed brefly. They re: to study the dvnced fetures of exctton control system, to study nd modfy the control technques used n control system, to mprove the ndustrl consumer products wth SCR. sttons re drven by hydrulc turbnes nd they hve slent pole rotor constructon. The cylndrcl nd slent type rotors re shown n Fgure (1). The rotor s lso equpped wth one or more short-crcuted wndngs known s dmper wndngs. The dmper wndngs provde n ddtonl stblzng force for the mchne durng certn perods of operton. When synchronous genertor supples electrc power to lod, the rmture current cretes mgnetc flux wve n the r gp whch rottes t synchronous speed. Ths flux rects wth the flux creted by the feld current, nd electromgnetc torque results from the tendency of these two mgnetc felds to lgn. In genertor ths torque opposes rotton nd mechncl torque must be ppled from the prme mover to substn rotton. As long s the sttor feld rottes t the sme speed s the rotor nd no current s nduced n the dmper wndngs. However, when the speed of the sttor feld nd the rotor become dfferent, currents re nduced n the dmper wndngs. Currents generted n the dmper wndngs provde counter torque. In ths wy the dmper wndngs cn keep the two speeds. II. PRINCIPLES OF SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR The operton of genertor s bsed on Frdy s lw of electromgnetc nducton. If col or wndng s lnked to vryng mgnetc feld, then electromotve force or voltge s nduced cross the col. Thus, genertor hs two essentl prts: one tht cretes mgnetc feld, nd the other where the energy s nduced. The mgnetc feld s typclly generted by electromgnets. These wndngs re clled feld wndng or feld crcuts. The cols where the electro motve force energes re nduced re clled rmture wndngs or rmture crcuts. Wth rre exceptons, the rmture wndng of synchronous mchne s on the sttor, nd the feld wndng s on the rotor. The feld wndng s excted by drect current conducted to t by mens of crbon brushes berng on slp rngs or collector rngs The rotor of the synchronous genertor my be cylndrcl or slent constructon. The cylndrcl type of rotor hs one dstrbuted wndng nd unform r gp. These genertors re drven by stem turbnes nd re desgned for hgh speed 3000 or 1500 r.p.m (two nd four pole mchnes respectvely) operton. The rotor of these genertors hs reltvely lrge xl length nd smll dmeter to lmt the centrfugl forces. The slent type of rotor hs concentrted wndngs on the poles nd non-unform r gps. It hs reltvely lrge numbers of poles, short xl length, nd lrge dmeters. The genertors n hydroelectrc power () (b) Fg. 1. Two Types of Rotor Constructon: () Cylndrcl Type nd (b) Slent Type A.. Actve nd Rectve Power Control The synchronous genertor converts mechncl shft power nto three-phse electrcl power P, bsorb or delver Q vrs to the power system. The ctve nd rectve power nto the mchne re P n = (e / X s ) Q n tn δ (1) 653

3 Q n = (e / X s ) (E e / X Referrng to 1, ssumng constnt termnl voltges e nd constnt synchronous rectnce X the rel power nto or out of synchronous mchne s functon of the power ngle δ when the vrs re held constnt. Referrng to, ssumng constnt termnl voltge e nd constnt synchronous rectnce X, the vrs nto or out of synchronous mchne re functon of the exctton E when the rel power s held constnt. Thus, the rel power P n or out of the synchronous mchne s relted drectly to the mechncl power nto or out of the shft. In the cse of stem turbne genertors, ths mechncl power s controlled by regultng the stem nto the turbnes. The vrs, on the other hnd, re controlled by regultng the current to the feld wndng. Fg. () llustrtes voltge phsor dgrms for loc of constnt P nd constnt Q. In Fg. (), the locus of E for constnt llustrtes tht the mjor chnge occurs n the mgntude of E, but there s some secondry nfluence upon the power ngle δ. In Fg. (b), the locus of E for constnt Q, llustrtes tht the mjor chnge occurs n the power ngle δ, but there s some secondry nfluence upon the mgntude of E. s ) P n S S () III. AIMS OF EXCITATION SYSTEM FOR GENERATOR The ms of exctton system re: (1) To control voltge so tht operton s possble nerer to the stedy-stte stblty lmt; () To mntn voltge under system-condtons to ensure rpd operton of protectve ger; (3) To fcltte shrng of the rectve lod between mchnes opertng n prllel. A. Exctton Control System The exctton my be provded through slp rngs nd brushes by mens of DC genertors mounted on the sme shft s the rotor of the synchronous mchne. However, modern exctton systems usully use AC genertors wth rottng rectfers, nd re known s brush-less exctton. A slent pole rotor equpped wth brush-less exctton system s shown n Fg.3. Brushless exctton s provded by smll three-phse excter rmture, three-phse rectfer, nd control crcutry, ll mounted on the sme shft. But, for the smll KW rtng of the stnd-lone synchronous genertor, self-exctton s lwys used to obtn stble output voltge. The exctton system fulfls two mn functons. (1) It produces DC voltge (nd power) to force current to flow n the feld wndngs of the genertor. There s drect reltonshp between the genertor termnl voltge nd the quntty of current flowng n the feld wndngs s shown n Fg.4. () It provdes mens for regultng the termnl voltge of the genertor to mtch desred set pont nd to provde dmpng for power system osclltons. Vryng the feld exctton s n effect on power fctor, rmture current, power ngle, voltge nd rectve power flow. 1 3 δ 1 δ δ 3 e () 1 3 δ 1 δ δ 3 Fg.3. Slent-pole Rotor wth Brush-less Exctton System (b) Fg.. The Locus of E for Constnt P nd Constnt Q () Constnt P (b) Constnt Q 654

4 Fg.4. Sturton Curve of Synchronous Genertor Source: Ftzgerld, Kngsley nd Kusko (1971) Fg.5. Synchronous Genertor V-curves Source: Ftzgerld, Kngsley nd Kusko (1971) B. Self-Exctton Control System (or) Electronc Mn Excter Power rectfers of the gntron type hve been used for mny yers n ndustrl pplctons nd hve gven relble nd effcent performnce. Ther use s mn excters for -c synchronous mchnes hs been lmted, prncplly becuse they cost more thn conventonl mn excter. The electronc mn excter, however, offers dvntges over rottng types. An electronc excter conssts essentlly of power rectfer dode fed from n -c source of power nd provded wth the necessry control, protectve, nd regultng equpment. The coordnton of these component prts presents problems tht must be solved n meetng the exctton requrements of lrge -c genertor. The output of rectfer s only s relble s the source of -c nput power. Thus, ths -c source mght be consdered prt of the rectfer, nd so fr s servce s n exctton source s concerned, t must be relble. Three sources hve been used n opertng nstlltons: (1) -c power for the rectfer tken drectly from the termnls of the -c genertor beng excted. () -c power tken from seprte -c supply tht s essentlly ndependent of the -c genertor termnls. (3) -c power tken from seprte genertor whch supples power to the rectfer only, nd whch hs s ts prme mover the sme turbne tht drves the mn -c genertor. The frst type s used for ths pper. In the frst of these, the electronc mn excter s self-excted, snce ts power supply s tken from ts own output, nd n the second nd thrd forms, t s seprtely excted. C. Power Fctor nd Armture Current Control The power fctor t whch synchronous mchne opertes nd hence ts rmture current cn be controlled by djustng ts feld exctton. The reltonshp between rmture current nd feld current t constnt termnl voltge nd wth constnt rel power s shown n Fg.5. Ths curve s clled V curve becuse of ts chrcterstcs shpe. For constnt power output, the rmture current s mnmum t unty power fctor nd ncreses s the power fctor decreses. The dshed lnes re loc of constnt power fctor clled compoundng curves. Ths curve s showng how the feld current must be vred s the lod s chnged n order to mntn constnt power fctor. Ponts to the rght of the unty power fctor compoundng curve correspond to over exctton nd lggng power fctor; ponts to the left correspond to under exctton nd ledng power fctor. The V curve nd compoundng curve consttute one of the genertor's most mportnt chrcterstcs. The effect of chnge n feld exctton on rmture current nd power fctor s shown n Fg.6. The output power of synchronous genertor s P = R 3VI * = 3 V I cos θ (3) 3Φ For constnt developed power t fxed V, I cos θ must be constnt. Thus, the tp of the rmture current phsor must fll on vertcl lne. Reducng the exctton from E 1 to E 3 cused the ngle of the current phsor (nd hence the power fctor) to go from lggng to ledng. 655

5 θ 3 θ 1 I 3 I δ 1 Xs I 3 XsI X si 1 θ 1 genertor rely cn ct stsfctorly to prevent ny contnuous feed nto the short crcut. (4) The revolvng feld must be protected gnst overlod by lmt devce n the regultor. (5) The rted voltge must be esly djustble on the regultor. (6) Proper shrng of rectve lod must be ssured where severl genertors re connected n prllel. I 1 Fg.6. Vrton of Feld Current t Constnt Power But there s lmt beyond whch the exctton cnnot be reduced. Ths lmt s reched when δ = 90. Any reducton n exctton below the stblty lmt for prtculr lod wll cuse the rotor to pull out of synchronsm. IV. DEFINITION OF AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR A voltge regultor s defned s devce for vryng the voltge of crcut or for utomtclly mntnng t t or ner prescrbed vlue. From ths, t would pper tht the term utomtc voltge regultor covers the pprtus used n the methods of obtnng constnt voltge. There re two generl methods of obtnng constnt drect or lterntng voltge s; (1) By the control of the output voltge of genertor. In the cse of lterntng voltge the frequency s lso under control, nd t my be necessry to use some type of frequency stblzer for vryng of frequency wth dfferent lod nd nput condtons. () By the correctons of the norml supply voltge. Where the nput nd output voltge re both lterntng. They re normlly of the sme frequency, nd the output frequency, therefore, cnnot be controlled. In order to dstngush between the pprtus used n the two methods, the one used n method (1) By the control of the output voltge of genertor s clled genertor utomtc voltge regultor nd the one used n method () By the correctons of the norml supply voltge wll be termed supply utomtc voltge regultor. V. REQUIREMENTS FOR AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR Voltge regultors for synchronous genertors must stsfy the followng condtons: (1) Regulton to counter dsturbnces must tke plce s rpdly s possble (hgh-speed regultors). () There should, s fr s possble, be no dervton from the set voltge n sttonry nstlltons. (3) In the event of the genertor termnls beng shortcrcuted the exctton must be controlled, so tht the VI. DESIGN SPECIFICATION OF AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR An utomtc voltge regultor cn be desgned, nd t s necessry to know certn fctors bout the nput nd the requred ccurcy of the output voltge, together wth, certn nformton on the lod. A. Supply-type Automtc Voltge Regultor In the supply-type utomtc voltge regultor, t s necessry to stte the type of nput, whether drect or lterntng, ts nomnl voltge nd, f lterntng, ts nomnl frequency. Most utomtc voltge regultors re operted over lmted rnge of nput voltge. If the frequency of nput s lkely to vry, the rnge of vrton of the frequency my hve consderble nfluence. The output voltge s to be vrble; the rnge of vrton must be stted. The mxmum output current must be known nd lso the rnge of vrton of output current over whch the regultor s to operte. When the output s lterntng t s necessry to specfy the power fctor of the lod, s certn desgns wll only operte over smll rnge of power fctor, round unty. In three phse regultors t my be necessry to mntn the three phse voltge t 10 degrees to ech other, s well s mntnng them constnt n mgntude. Certn nformton my lso be specfed concernng the mntennce, operton nd relblty. The ccurcy of mntennce of the output voltge my be dvded nto two generl clsses; (1) short perod ccurcy, ths s, the ccurcy over perod of mnutes, due to chnges of nput or lod nd () long-perod ccurcyths s the ccurcy over perod of hours or dys, due to chnges n mbent temperture, geng of components, vbrton nstblty of components. There re two other fctors connected wth the output voltge tht my be mportnt. (1) Response tme: All regultors tke fnte tme to effect chnge n the supply voltge or lod. Ths tme s referred to s the tme constnt of the regultor, but n most cses t s termed s response tme. In some cses, the response tme s dependng on the mgntude of the chnge of output voltge, but the rte of chnge remns constnt. The mxmum llowble response tme depends upon the type of pplcton. It s lwys desrble to mke the response tme s smll s possble to reduce the trnsents n the output voltge. () Wveform dstorton: It s mportnt n AC voltge regultors nd the rpple voltge n DC voltge regultors. 656

6 Cre should be tken to reduce the dstorton s much s possble. The dstorton s expressed s the totl percentge of hrmoncs reltve to the pure sne wve. B. Genertor-type Automtc Voltge Regultor It s control devce whch utomtclly regultes the voltge t the excter of n lterntor, to hold the output voltge constnt wthn specfed lmts. Probbly due to the fct tht ths prt of the equpment s often of dfferent mnufcture from the genertor. One cn only express the performnce n terms of the whole equpment s ths s determned by the chrcterstcs of the genertor (nd excter, f used). When referrng to the performnce whch s used by the term utomtc voltge regultors wll mply the whole equpment nd not just tht prt whch controls the feld current. In the specfcton for n utomtc voltge regultor of ths type t s necessry to brng n the chrcterstcs of the mchne. The desgn of the regultor wll depend on; (1) The chrcterstcs of the drvng source snce chnges n speed cuse vrtons of voltge () The mxmum nd mnmum lod on the genertor (3) In the cse of lterntng current, the power fctor of the lod, snce ths, n conjuncton wth (), wll determne the rnge of feld current requred (4) The regulton of the genertor (5) The mgnetzton curve of the genertor (6) The chrcterstcs of the excter (f used). In the cse of smll mchnes most of ths nformton my be gven by sttng the feld current t mnmum speed nd mxmum lod, nd the feld current t mxmum speed nd mnmum lod. When regultor s beng desgned for lrge mchne (e.g. n lterntor n lrge power stton) more nformton s requred, nd the desgner of the mchne nd of the regultor must work n closed hrmony f successful result s to be cheved. The short perod ccurcy of the output voltge s usully specfed s the percentge chnge of lod, speed nd power fctor. The long perod ccurcy my not be so mportnt. postve current to the gte of SCR nd the requred current s fed to the feld col nd the output voltge of the synchronous genertor s ncresed. When the output s 30V, the output postve current of the brdge s blnced wth the output negtve current of the Q 1. When the mn supply voltge rses, Q wll gve lttle current s fed to the gte of SCR nd the requred feld current s fed to the feld col nd bsorbs the requred rectve power from the supply lne. N L Synchronous Genertor 500Ω 100Ω 10Ω 300 Ω A µF 10µF 10µ F 1.5KΩ Q 1 10KΩ 4.7KΩ 5KΩ 4.4KΩ 6VZD 70Ω 1.5 µ F 10A,SCR 100Ω 5Ω 10µF 10KΩ 100µF 100µF ZD 1 6V A A 1volts rely 1.5µ F 10Ω 10 Ω Fg.7. Over ll Crcut of AVR for the Desel Engne Type Synchronous Genertor Q F 1 F VII. CIRCUIT DESIGN OF THE AVR FOR THE SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR The crcut rrngement of the feld control crcut of the synchronous genertor s shown n Fg.7. In ths system, the output voltge of the genertor s smpled through the trnsformer nd s rectfed by smple crcut nd the brdge rectfer. In the ntl stte condton, the output of the genertor my be 5V or 30V whch depends on the electromgnetc feld n the mchne, t the tme, the 1V rely s normlly close poston. At the tme, the gte voltge s fed to the synchronous genertor feld col untl the output voltge s 30V. Now, 1V rely s normlly open poston. When the mns supply voltge flls, Q produce negtve current to the brdge crcut nd the brdge crcut supples Fg.8. AVR Desgn for the Desel Engne Type Synchronous Genertor 657

7 VIII. TESTS AND RESULTS These results re obtned by feedng the vrble over or under nput voltge to the electronc control crcut, nd 100 wtts bulb s used s feld col. The output of the genertor voltge must be stble lthough the vrous nput voltge pss through electronc control crcut. TABLE (I) RESULTS OF FIELD VOLTAGE AND FIELD CURRENT WHEN THE INPUT VOLTAGE FLUCTUATION IS OCCURRED Input Voltge Output Voltge Voltge Dfference Feld Voltge (D.C) Feld Current (D.C) V 80 ma V 65 ma V 57.5mA V 50 ma V 4.5mA V 35 ma V 7.5mA V 0 ma V 1.5mA V 5 ma [3] Hd Sdt Power System Anlyss, Td McGrw-Hll Publshng Compny Lmted. [4]. I.Mckenze Smth. Hughes Electrcl Technology, Seventh Edton. [5] Vlentne,C.E,1948. Genertor Voltge Regultors nd Ther Applctons, Westnghouse Co. Ltd, Amercn. [6]...Slvhnn, S.,Suresh, N., nd Vllvrj, A Electronc Devces nd Crcut, Fourth Edton, Td McGrw-Hll Publshng Compny Lmted. [7] Floyed, T Electronc Devces, Fourth Edton,Prentc Hll Interntonl, Inc. [8] Coppyrght 1999, TL 431 Adjustble Precson Shunt Regultors, Texs Instruments Incorported. sheet 4u.com IX. CONCLUSION In ths pper n utomtc voltge regultor whch cn be used for 10 kva lterntor s feld control pplctons hs been desgned nd tested. In ndustry, t s hrd to fnd typcl constnt control system, nd even when one s found t my not be economclly fesble for smll lb to purchse. Ths pper tkes AVR control crd cost nto consderton The dvntges of ths AVR crd s tht the system cost s decresed nd system relblty nd desgn flexblty re ncresed. Ths AVR crd s well suted to the hgh producton requrements of mss producton. If ths AVR crd s produced n the nton, t cn gve the beneft for the techncl support nd economy. So, the ndustrl product of ths project cn feed the beneft for the nton. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The uthor would lke to thnk her excellence U Thung, Mnster, Mnstry of Scence nd Technology. The uthor wshes to thnk her supervsors Dr. Myo Mynt Aung, Assocte Professor, Electrcl Power Engneerng Deprtment t Mndly Technologcl Unversty nd Dr. Khn Aye Wn, Professor (Electrcl Power) t Yngon Technologcl Unversty. REFERENCES [1]. Ftzgerld, Kngsley nd Kusko, Electrc Mechnery, Thrd Edton,McGrw-Hll Kgkush.Ltd. [] Hubret,C Theory Operton Mntnce of Electrcl Mchne, Prentce-Hll, Inc. 658

Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis

Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis CHAPTER 8 Snusodl Stedy Stte Anlyss 8.1. Generl Approch In the prevous chpter, we hve lerned tht the stedy-stte response of crcut to snusodl nputs cn e otned y usng phsors. In ths chpter, we present mny

More information

Synchronous Machine Parameter Measurement

Synchronous Machine Parameter Measurement Synchronous Mchine Prmeter Mesurement 1 Synchronous Mchine Prmeter Mesurement Introduction Wound field synchronous mchines re mostly used for power genertion but lso re well suited for motor pplictions

More information

VI.C CIRCUIT BREAKERS

VI.C CIRCUIT BREAKERS VI.C CIRCUIT BREAKERS DMS #84474 Pge of 28 Revsed : GUIDE FOR DETERMINATION OF CIRCUIT BREAKER LOAD CURRENT CAPABILITY RATINGS PENNSYLVANIA-NEW JERSEY-MARYLAND INTERCONNECTION PLANNING AND ENGINEERING

More information

Three-Phase Synchronous Machines The synchronous machine can be used to operate as: 1. Synchronous motors 2. Synchronous generators (Alternator)

Three-Phase Synchronous Machines The synchronous machine can be used to operate as: 1. Synchronous motors 2. Synchronous generators (Alternator) Three-Phse Synchronous Mchines The synchronous mchine cn be used to operte s: 1. Synchronous motors 2. Synchronous genertors (Alterntor) Synchronous genertor is lso referred to s lterntor since it genertes

More information

Synchronous Machine Parameter Measurement

Synchronous Machine Parameter Measurement Synchronous Mchine Prmeter Mesurement 1 Synchronous Mchine Prmeter Mesurement Introduction Wound field synchronous mchines re mostly used for power genertion but lso re well suited for motor pplictions

More information

Module 9. DC Machines. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur

Module 9. DC Machines. Version 2 EE IIT, Kharagpur Module 9 DC Mchines Version EE IIT, Khrgpur esson 40 osses, Efficiency nd Testing of D.C. Mchines Version EE IIT, Khrgpur Contents 40 osses, efficiency nd testing of D.C. mchines (esson-40) 4 40.1 Gols

More information

Synchronous Generator Line Synchronization

Synchronous Generator Line Synchronization Synchronous Genertor Line Synchroniztion 1 Synchronous Genertor Line Synchroniztion Introduction One issue in power genertion is synchronous genertor strting. Typiclly, synchronous genertor is connected

More information

Compared to generators DC MOTORS. Back e.m.f. Back e.m.f. Example. Example. The construction of a d.c. motor is the same as a d.c. generator.

Compared to generators DC MOTORS. Back e.m.f. Back e.m.f. Example. Example. The construction of a d.c. motor is the same as a d.c. generator. Compred to genertors DC MOTORS Prepred by Engr. JP Timol Reference: Electricl nd Electronic Principles nd Technology The construction of d.c. motor is the sme s d.c. genertor. the generted e.m.f. is less

More information

A Novel Control Method for Input Output Harmonic Elimination of the PWM Boost Type Rectifier Under Unbalanced Operating Conditions

A Novel Control Method for Input Output Harmonic Elimination of the PWM Boost Type Rectifier Under Unbalanced Operating Conditions A Novel Control Method for nput Output Hrmonc Elmnton of the PWM Boost Type Rectfer Under Unblnced Opertng Condtons A. V. Stnkovc T. A. Lpo Electrcl nd Computer Engneerng Clevelnd Stte Unversty Deprtment

More information

i S1 V IN i C1 i N i C2 i S2

i S1 V IN i C1 i N i C2 i S2 ENGINEERING FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT Jelgv, 0.-.05.05. VOLTAGE BALANCE CONTROL OF TWO-LEVEL DC-DC CONVERTER Ksprs Krocs, Ugs Srmels, Vesturs Brzs Insttute of Physcl Energetcs; Rg Techncl Unversty kselt@nbox.lv

More information

University of North Carolina-Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECGR 4143/5195 Electrical Machinery Fall 2009

University of North Carolina-Charlotte Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ECGR 4143/5195 Electrical Machinery Fall 2009 Problem 1: Using DC Mchine University o North Crolin-Chrlotte Deprtment o Electricl nd Computer Engineering ECGR 4143/5195 Electricl Mchinery Fll 2009 Problem Set 4 Due: Thursdy October 8 Suggested Reding:

More information

EET 438a Automatic Control Systems Technology Laboratory 5 Control of a Separately Excited DC Machine

EET 438a Automatic Control Systems Technology Laboratory 5 Control of a Separately Excited DC Machine EE 438 Automtic Control Systems echnology bortory 5 Control of Seprtely Excited DC Mchine Objective: Apply proportionl controller to n electromechnicl system nd observe the effects tht feedbck control

More information

5 October 2015 Stereo Cross-feed Network for Headphones 1 of 12 Copyright 2015 Peter H. Lehmann. All Rights Reserved.

5 October 2015 Stereo Cross-feed Network for Headphones 1 of 12 Copyright 2015 Peter H. Lehmann. All Rights Reserved. 5 Octoer 05 Stereo Cross-feed Network for Hedphones of Copyrght 05 Peter H. ehmnn. All ghts eserved. The Dlemm The vst mjorty of stereo recordngs re engneered for reproducton wth pr of left nd rght chnnel

More information

EFFECTIVE CURRENT CONTROL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE INVERTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

EFFECTIVE CURRENT CONTROL DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE PHASE INVERTER FOR POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT VOL., NO. 7, APRIL 5 IN 89-668 ARPN Journl of Engneerng nd Appled cences 6-5 Asn Reserch Publshng Network (ARPN). All rghts reserved. EFFECTIVE CURRENT CONTROL DEIGN AND ANALYI OF INGLE PHAE INVERTER FOR

More information

Figure 1. DC-DC Boost Converter

Figure 1. DC-DC Boost Converter EE36L, Power Electroncs, DC-DC Boost Converter Verson Feb. 8, 9 Overvew Boost converters make t possble to effcently convert a DC voltage from a lower level to a hgher level. Theory of Operaton Relaton

More information

Protection of insulated gate bipolar tr. t.

Protection of insulated gate bipolar tr. t. ndn nsr Sc Sept-Oct 2000 SO 457 d' -475 V n n nstllue of Scence Protecton of nsulted gte bpolr tr t short crcut nsls ors gmst G NARAYANAN S R MURALDHARA A S ANAN Dep9"lffSe()n'30600f ES

More information

Simplified Algorithm and Hardware Implementation for the (24, 12, 8) Extended Golay Soft Decoder Up to 4 Errors

Simplified Algorithm and Hardware Implementation for the (24, 12, 8) Extended Golay Soft Decoder Up to 4 Errors The Interntonl Arb Journl of Informton Technology, Vol., No., Mrch 04 Smplfed Algorthm nd Hrdwre Implementton for the (4,, 8 Extended Goly Soft Decoder Up to 4 Errors Dongfu Xe College of Mechncl nd Electrcl

More information

Uncertainty in measurements of power and energy on power networks

Uncertainty in measurements of power and energy on power networks Uncertanty n measurements of power and energy on power networks E. Manov, N. Kolev Department of Measurement and Instrumentaton, Techncal Unversty Sofa, bul. Klment Ohrdsk No8, bl., 000 Sofa, Bulgara Tel./fax:

More information

Lecture 16: Four Quadrant operation of DC Drive (or) TYPE E Four Quadrant chopper Fed Drive: Operation

Lecture 16: Four Quadrant operation of DC Drive (or) TYPE E Four Quadrant chopper Fed Drive: Operation Lecture 16: Four Qudrnt opertion of DC Drive (or) TYPE E Four Qudrnt chopper Fed Drive: Opertion The rmture current I is either positive or negtive (flow in to or wy from rmture) the rmture voltge is lso

More information

ECE315 / ECE515 Lecture 5 Date:

ECE315 / ECE515 Lecture 5 Date: Lecture 5 Date: 18.08.2016 Common Source Amplfer MOSFET Amplfer Dstorton Example 1 One Realstc CS Amplfer Crcut: C c1 : Couplng Capactor serves as perfect short crcut at all sgnal frequences whle blockng

More information

SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Material Science and Technology in Trnava. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS Laboratory exercises

SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Material Science and Technology in Trnava. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS Laboratory exercises SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Fulty of Mteril Siene nd Tehnology in Trnv ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS Lbortory exerises Róbert Riedlmjer TRNAVA 00 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND ELECTRONICS Lbortory

More information

Shunt Active Filters (SAF)

Shunt Active Filters (SAF) EN-TH05-/004 Martt Tuomanen (9) Shunt Actve Flters (SAF) Operaton prncple of a Shunt Actve Flter. Non-lnear loads lke Varable Speed Drves, Unnterrupted Power Supples and all knd of rectfers draw a non-snusodal

More information

Figure 1. DC-DC Boost Converter

Figure 1. DC-DC Boost Converter EE46, Power Electroncs, DC-DC Boost Converter Verson Oct. 3, 11 Overvew Boost converters make t possble to effcently convert a DC voltage from a lower level to a hgher level. Theory of Operaton Relaton

More information

Exercise 1-1. The Sine Wave EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. Relationship between a rotating phasor and a sine wave DISCUSSION

Exercise 1-1. The Sine Wave EXERCISE OBJECTIVE DISCUSSION OUTLINE. Relationship between a rotating phasor and a sine wave DISCUSSION Exercise 1-1 The Sine Wve EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will be fmilir with the notion of sine wve nd how it cn be expressed s phsor rotting round the center of circle. You

More information

High Speed ADC Sampling Transients

High Speed ADC Sampling Transients Hgh Speed ADC Samplng Transents Doug Stuetzle Hgh speed analog to dgtal converters (ADCs) are, at the analog sgnal nterface, track and hold devces. As such, they nclude samplng capactors and samplng swtches.

More information

A Novel Back EMF Zero Crossing Detection of Brushless DC Motor Based on PWM

A Novel Back EMF Zero Crossing Detection of Brushless DC Motor Based on PWM A ovel Bck EMF Zero Crossing Detection of Brushless DC Motor Bsed on PWM Zhu Bo-peng Wei Hi-feng School of Electricl nd Informtion, Jingsu niversity of Science nd Technology, Zhenjing 1003 Chin) Abstrct:

More information

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN

International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), ISSN 0976 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH IN 48(Prnt), ISSN 97 499(Onlne) Volume 4, Issue 5, July August (2), IAEME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (IJARET) ISSN 97-48 (Prnt) ISSN 97-499 (Onlne) Volume 4,

More information

Active and Reactive Power Control of DFIG for Wind Energy Conversion Using Back to Back Converters (PWM Technique)

Active and Reactive Power Control of DFIG for Wind Energy Conversion Using Back to Back Converters (PWM Technique) World Essays Journal / 4 (1): 45-50, 2016 2016 Avalable onlne at www. worldessaysj.com Actve and Reactve Power Control of DFIG for Wnd Energy Converson Usng Back to Back Converters (PWM Technque) Mojtaba

More information

Design of Neuro-Fuzzy System Controller for DC Servomotor- Based Satellite Tracking System

Design of Neuro-Fuzzy System Controller for DC Servomotor- Based Satellite Tracking System IOSR Journl of Electrcl nd Electroncs Engneerng (IOSR-JEEE) e-issn: 78-676,p-ISSN: 3-333, Volume, Issue 4 Ver. III (Jul. Aug. 6), PP 89- www.osrjournls.org Desgn of Neuro-Fuzzy System Controller for DC

More information

TECHNICAL NOTE TERMINATION FOR POINT- TO-POINT SYSTEMS TN TERMINATON FOR POINT-TO-POINT SYSTEMS. Zo = L C. ω - angular frequency = 2πf

TECHNICAL NOTE TERMINATION FOR POINT- TO-POINT SYSTEMS TN TERMINATON FOR POINT-TO-POINT SYSTEMS. Zo = L C. ω - angular frequency = 2πf TECHNICAL NOTE TERMINATION FOR POINT- TO-POINT SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION Because dgtal sgnal rates n computng systems are ncreasng at an astonshng rate, sgnal ntegrty ssues have become far more mportant to

More information

Pre-distortion Linearization for 64-QAM Modulation in Ka-Band Satellite Link

Pre-distortion Linearization for 64-QAM Modulation in Ka-Band Satellite Link IJCSNS Interntonl Journl of Computer Scence nd Network Securty, VOL.8 No.8, August 008 47 Pre-dstorton Lnerzton for 64-QAM Modulton n K-Bnd Stellte Lnk P. Sojood Srdrood,, G.R. solt nd P. Prvnd Summry

More information

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Electrical Engineering Department. EE SOPHOMORE LABORATORY Experiment 1 Laboratory Energy Sources

POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY Electrical Engineering Department. EE SOPHOMORE LABORATORY Experiment 1 Laboratory Energy Sources POLYTECHNIC UNIERSITY Electrcal Engneerng Department EE SOPHOMORE LABORATORY Experment 1 Laboratory Energy Sources Modfed for Physcs 18, Brooklyn College I. Oerew of the Experment Ths experment has three

More information

Superposition, Thevenin and Norton. Superposition

Superposition, Thevenin and Norton. Superposition Superposton, Thevenn nd Norton OUTINE Superposton Thevenn Equvlent Crcut Norton Equvlent Crcut Mxmum Power Theorem ecture 6, 9/1/05 Redng Chpter.6-.8 ecture 6, Slde 1 Superposton A lner crcut s one constructed

More information

Lecture 10: Bipolar Junction Transistor Construction. NPN Physical Operation.

Lecture 10: Bipolar Junction Transistor Construction. NPN Physical Operation. Whtes, EE 320 Lecture 10 Page 1 of 9 Lecture 10: Bpolar Juncton Transstor Constructon. NPN Physcal Operaton. For the remander of ths semester we wll be studyng transstors and transstor crcuts. The transstor

More information

antenna antenna (4.139)

antenna antenna (4.139) .6.6 The Lmts of Usable Input Levels for LNAs The sgnal voltage level delvered to the nput of an LNA from the antenna may vary n a very wde nterval, from very weak sgnals comparable to the nose level,

More information

NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY Green Bank, West Virginia SPECTRAL PROCESSOR MEMO NO. 25. MEMORANDUM February 13, 1985

NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY Green Bank, West Virginia SPECTRAL PROCESSOR MEMO NO. 25. MEMORANDUM February 13, 1985 NATONAL RADO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY Green Bank, West Vrgna SPECTRAL PROCESSOR MEMO NO. 25 MEMORANDUM February 13, 1985 To: Spectral Processor Group From: R. Fsher Subj: Some Experments wth an nteger FFT

More information

RC Filters TEP Related Topics Principle Equipment

RC Filters TEP Related Topics Principle Equipment RC Flters TEP Related Topcs Hgh-pass, low-pass, Wen-Robnson brdge, parallel-t flters, dfferentatng network, ntegratng network, step response, square wave, transfer functon. Prncple Resstor-Capactor (RC)

More information

Passive Filters. References: Barbow (pp ), Hayes & Horowitz (pp 32-60), Rizzoni (Chap. 6)

Passive Filters. References: Barbow (pp ), Hayes & Horowitz (pp 32-60), Rizzoni (Chap. 6) Passve Flters eferences: Barbow (pp 6575), Hayes & Horowtz (pp 360), zzon (Chap. 6) Frequencyselectve or flter crcuts pass to the output only those nput sgnals that are n a desred range of frequences (called

More information

ABB STOTZ-KONTAKT. ABB i-bus EIB Current Module SM/S Intelligent Installation Systems. User Manual SM/S In = 16 A AC Un = 230 V AC

ABB STOTZ-KONTAKT. ABB i-bus EIB Current Module SM/S Intelligent Installation Systems. User Manual SM/S In = 16 A AC Un = 230 V AC User Mnul ntelligent nstlltion Systems A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 30 ma 30 ma n = AC Un = 230 V AC 30 ma 9 10 11 12 C ABB STOTZ-KONTAKT Appliction Softwre Current Vlue Threshold/1 Contents Pge 1 Device Chrcteristics...

More information

100 mm. 200 mm. 300 mm. 500 mm. Wood (rough) Cardboard Black DBT DBT DBT DBT DBT - 1 K DBT K CONNECTION DIAGRAMS.

100 mm. 200 mm. 300 mm. 500 mm. Wood (rough) Cardboard Black DBT DBT DBT DBT DBT - 1 K DBT K CONNECTION DIAGRAMS. DIFFUSED BEAM SENSOR Ths devce consst of a transmtter and a recever together. Ths look alke Inductve Proxmty Sensor and hence also known as IR Proxmty Sensor. The emtter emts Infra red rays whch are reflected

More information

2-7 Calibration of SAR Probe

2-7 Calibration of SAR Probe Reserch nd Development of Clrton Technology -7 Clrton of SAR Proe Lr HAMADA nd Soch WATANABE The clrton of spefc sorpton rte proe s nmely clrton of the electrc feld mesurement sensor n the phntom lqud

More information

Calculation of the received voltage due to the radiation from multiple co-frequency sources

Calculation of the received voltage due to the radiation from multiple co-frequency sources Rec. ITU-R SM.1271-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SM.1271-0 * EFFICIENT SPECTRUM UTILIZATION USING PROBABILISTIC METHODS Rec. ITU-R SM.1271 (1997) The ITU Radocommuncaton Assembly, consderng a) that communcatons

More information

To: Professor Avitabile Date: February 4, 2003 From: Mechanical Student Subject: Experiment #1 Numerical Methods Using Excel

To: Professor Avitabile Date: February 4, 2003 From: Mechanical Student Subject: Experiment #1 Numerical Methods Using Excel To: Professor Avtable Date: February 4, 3 From: Mechancal Student Subject:.3 Experment # Numercal Methods Usng Excel Introducton Mcrosoft Excel s a spreadsheet program that can be used for data analyss,

More information

Walsh Function Based Synthesis Method of PWM Pattern for Full-Bridge Inverter

Walsh Function Based Synthesis Method of PWM Pattern for Full-Bridge Inverter Walsh Functon Based Synthess Method of PWM Pattern for Full-Brdge Inverter Sej Kondo and Krt Choesa Nagaoka Unversty of Technology 63-, Kamtomoka-cho, Nagaoka 9-, JAPAN Fax: +8-58-7-95, Phone: +8-58-7-957

More information

Single-Phase SOGI-PLL Based Reference Current Extraction for Three-Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM

Single-Phase SOGI-PLL Based Reference Current Extraction for Three-Phase Four-Wire DSTATCOM Sngle-Phse SOG-PLL Bsed Reference Current Extrcton for Three-Phse Four-Wre DSTATCOM Hreesh Kumr Yd Reserch Scholr, Deprtment of Electrcl Engneerng, JNTU, Hyderbd, Telngn, NDA. hr_yd6@yhoo.co.n Dr.M.S.R

More information

Implementation of Fan6982 Single Phase Apfc with Analog Controller

Implementation of Fan6982 Single Phase Apfc with Analog Controller Internatonal Journal of Research n Engneerng and Scence (IJRES) ISSN (Onlne): 2320-9364, ISSN (Prnt): 2320-9356 Volume 5 Issue 7 ǁ July. 2017 ǁ PP. 01-05 Implementaton of Fan6982 Sngle Phase Apfc wth Analog

More information

Dynamic Optimization. Assignment 1. Sasanka Nagavalli January 29, 2013 Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University

Dynamic Optimization. Assignment 1. Sasanka Nagavalli January 29, 2013 Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Dynamc Optmzaton Assgnment 1 Sasanka Nagavall snagaval@andrew.cmu.edu 16-745 January 29, 213 Robotcs Insttute Carnege Mellon Unversty Table of Contents 1. Problem and Approach... 1 2. Optmzaton wthout

More information

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points:

The Discussion of this exercise covers the following points: Exercise 4 Bttery Chrging Methods EXERCISE OBJECTIVE When you hve completed this exercise, you will be fmilir with the different chrging methods nd chrge-control techniques commonly used when chrging Ni-MI

More information

A Substractive Clustering Based Fuzzy Hybrid Reference Control Design for Transient Response Improvement of PID Controller

A Substractive Clustering Based Fuzzy Hybrid Reference Control Design for Transient Response Improvement of PID Controller IB J. Eng. Sc. Vol. 4, No., 009, 67-86 67 A Substrctve lusterng Bsed Fuzzy Hybrd Reference ontrol Desgn for rnsent Response Improvement of PID ontroller Endr Joelnto & Prlndungn H. Stnggng Instrumentton

More information

MTBF PREDICTION REPORT

MTBF PREDICTION REPORT MTBF PREDICTION REPORT PRODUCT NAME: BLE112-A-V2 Issued date: 01-23-2015 Rev:1.0 Copyrght@2015 Bluegga Technologes. All rghts reserved. 1 MTBF PREDICTION REPORT... 1 PRODUCT NAME: BLE112-A-V2... 1 1.0

More information

Experiment 3: Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers

Experiment 3: Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers Experiment 3: Non-Idel Opertionl Amplifiers Fll 2009 Equivlent Circuits The bsic ssumptions for n idel opertionl mplifier re n infinite differentil gin ( d ), n infinite input resistnce (R i ), zero output

More information

INSTANTANEOUS TORQUE CONTROL OF MICROSTEPPING BIPOLAR PWM DRIVE OF TWO-PHASE STEPPING MOTOR

INSTANTANEOUS TORQUE CONTROL OF MICROSTEPPING BIPOLAR PWM DRIVE OF TWO-PHASE STEPPING MOTOR The 5 th PSU-UNS Internatonal Conference on Engneerng and 537 Technology (ICET-211), Phuket, May 2-3, 211 Prnce of Songkla Unversty, Faculty of Engneerng Hat Ya, Songkhla, Thaland 9112 INSTANTANEOUS TORQUE

More information

High Speed, Low Power And Area Efficient Carry-Select Adder

High Speed, Low Power And Area Efficient Carry-Select Adder Internatonal Journal of Scence, Engneerng and Technology Research (IJSETR), Volume 5, Issue 3, March 2016 Hgh Speed, Low Power And Area Effcent Carry-Select Adder Nelant Harsh M.tech.VLSI Desgn Electroncs

More information

Modified Venturini Modulation Method for Matrix Converter Under Unbalanced Input Voltage Conditions

Modified Venturini Modulation Method for Matrix Converter Under Unbalanced Input Voltage Conditions Preprnts (www.preprnts.org) NOT PEER-REVIEWED Posted: 22 y 28 do:.2944/preprnts285.28.v 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 2 22 2 24 25 26 27 28 29 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 4 4 42 Artcle odfed Venturn odulton ethod for

More information

Sensors for Motion and Position Measurement

Sensors for Motion and Position Measurement Sensors for Moton and Poston Measurement Introducton An ntegrated manufacturng envronment conssts of 5 elements:- - Machne tools - Inspecton devces - Materal handlng devces - Packagng machnes - Area where

More information

Reversible and Proportional Electric Actuators

Reversible and Proportional Electric Actuators Reversible nd Proportionl Electric s The MP s re used for two-position, floting, nd proportionl control of dmpers, vlves, nd progrm switches in heting, ventiltion, nd ir conditioning pplictions or similr

More information

OPERATING INSTRUCTION

OPERATING INSTRUCTION -2 AUTOMATIC POLARIMETER OPERATING INSTRUCTION Plese red through these operting instruction before using MRC.VER.01-. CONTENTS I. APPLICATIONS.1 II. III. IV. PERFORMANCE 1 CONSTRUCTION AND PRINCIPLE 2

More information

(CATALYST GROUP) B"sic Electric"l Engineering

(CATALYST GROUP) Bsic Electricl Engineering (CATALYST GROUP) B"sic Electric"l Engineering 1. Kirchhoff s current l"w st"tes th"t (") net current flow "t the junction is positive (b) Hebr"ic sum of the currents meeting "t the junction is zero (c)

More information

Experiment 3: Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers

Experiment 3: Non-Ideal Operational Amplifiers Experiment 3: Non-Idel Opertionl Amplifiers 9/11/06 Equivlent Circuits The bsic ssumptions for n idel opertionl mplifier re n infinite differentil gin ( d ), n infinite input resistnce (R i ), zero output

More information

An Efficient Bridgeless PFC Cuk Converter Based PMBLDCM Drive

An Efficient Bridgeless PFC Cuk Converter Based PMBLDCM Drive ISSN (Onlne) 2321 24 Vol. 2, Issue 2, February 214 An Effcent Brdgeless PFC Cuk Converter Based PMBLDCM Drve Jomy Joy 1, Amal M.R 2, Rakesh R 3, Kannan S.A 4, Anna Rana 5 M Tech Scholar, Power Electroncs,

More information

Unit 1. Current and Voltage U 1 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT. Circuit Basics KVL, KCL, Ohm's Law LED Outputs Buttons/Switch Inputs. Current / Voltage Analogy

Unit 1. Current and Voltage U 1 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT. Circuit Basics KVL, KCL, Ohm's Law LED Outputs Buttons/Switch Inputs. Current / Voltage Analogy ..2 nt Crcut Bascs KVL, KCL, Ohm's Law LED Outputs Buttons/Swtch Inputs VOLTAGE AND CRRENT..4 Current and Voltage Current / Voltage Analogy Charge s measured n unts of Coulombs Current Amount of charge

More information

MAXIMUM FLOWS IN FUZZY NETWORKS WITH FUNNEL-SHAPED NODES

MAXIMUM FLOWS IN FUZZY NETWORKS WITH FUNNEL-SHAPED NODES MAXIMUM FLOWS IN FUZZY NETWORKS WITH FUNNEL-SHAPED NODES Romn V. Tyshchuk Informtion Systems Deprtment, AMI corportion, Donetsk, Ukrine E-mil: rt_science@hotmil.com 1 INTRODUCTION During the considertion

More information

A Control Strategy Based on UTT and ISCT for 3P4W UPQC

A Control Strategy Based on UTT and ISCT for 3P4W UPQC Interntonl Journl of Electrcl nd Electroncs Engneerng 5: 011 A Control Strtegy Bsed on UTT nd ISCT for P4W UPQC Ysh Pl, A.Swrup, nd Bhm Sngh Astrct Ths pper presents noel control strtegy of threephse four-wre

More information

PRACTICAL, COMPUTATION EFFICIENT HIGH-ORDER NEURAL NETWORK FOR ROTATION AND SHIFT INVARIANT PATTERN RECOGNITION. Evgeny Artyomov and Orly Yadid-Pecht

PRACTICAL, COMPUTATION EFFICIENT HIGH-ORDER NEURAL NETWORK FOR ROTATION AND SHIFT INVARIANT PATTERN RECOGNITION. Evgeny Artyomov and Orly Yadid-Pecht 68 Internatonal Journal "Informaton Theores & Applcatons" Vol.11 PRACTICAL, COMPUTATION EFFICIENT HIGH-ORDER NEURAL NETWORK FOR ROTATION AND SHIFT INVARIANT PATTERN RECOGNITION Evgeny Artyomov and Orly

More information

A MODIFIED DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM IN SPARSE LINEAR ANTENNA ARRAY SYNTHESIS

A MODIFIED DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALGORITHM IN SPARSE LINEAR ANTENNA ARRAY SYNTHESIS A MODIFIED DIFFERENTIAL EVOLUTION ALORITHM IN SPARSE LINEAR ANTENNA ARRAY SYNTHESIS Kaml Dmller Department of Electrcal-Electroncs Engneerng rne Amercan Unversty North Cyprus, Mersn TURKEY kdmller@gau.edu.tr

More information

Comparative Analysis of Reuse 1 and 3 in Cellular Network Based On SIR Distribution and Rate

Comparative Analysis of Reuse 1 and 3 in Cellular Network Based On SIR Distribution and Rate Comparatve Analyss of Reuse and 3 n ular Network Based On IR Dstrbuton and Rate Chandra Thapa M.Tech. II, DEC V College of Engneerng & Technology R.V.. Nagar, Chttoor-5727, A.P. Inda Emal: chandra2thapa@gmal.com

More information

Polar Coordinates. July 30, 2014

Polar Coordinates. July 30, 2014 Polr Coordintes July 3, 4 Sometimes it is more helpful to look t point in the xy-plne not in terms of how fr it is horizontlly nd verticlly (this would men looking t the Crtesin, or rectngulr, coordintes

More information

Digital Transmission

Digital Transmission Dgtal Transmsson Most modern communcaton systems are dgtal, meanng that the transmtted normaton sgnal carres bts and symbols rather than an analog sgnal. The eect o C/N rato ncrease or decrease on dgtal

More information

Fuzzy Logic Controlled Shunt Active Power Filter for Three-phase Four-wire Systems with Balanced and Unbalanced Loads

Fuzzy Logic Controlled Shunt Active Power Filter for Three-phase Four-wire Systems with Balanced and Unbalanced Loads Fuzzy Logc ontrolled Shunt ctve Power Flter for Threephase Fourwre Systems wth alanced and Unbalanced Loads hmed. Helal, Nahla E. Zakzouk, and Yasser G. Desouky bstract Ths paper presents a fuzzy logc

More information

Design of Shunt Active Filter for Harmonic Compensation in a 3 Phase 3 Wire Distribution Network

Design of Shunt Active Filter for Harmonic Compensation in a 3 Phase 3 Wire Distribution Network Internatonal Journal of Research n Electrcal & Electroncs Engneerng olume 1, Issue 1, July-September, 2013, pp. 85-92, IASTER 2013 www.aster.com, Onlne: 2347-5439, Prnt: 2348-0025 Desgn of Shunt Actve

More information

CAL. NX15 DUO-DISPLAY QUARTZ

CAL. NX15 DUO-DISPLAY QUARTZ L. NX15 UO-ISPLY QURTZ l nlogue time disply l igitl time nd clendr l hronogrph l Tchymeter l t recll function l lrm l Illuminting light (Electroluminescent pnel) ENGLISH Illuminting light (TIME/LENR mode

More information

Fuzzy Logic Controller for Three Phase PWM AC-DC Converter

Fuzzy Logic Controller for Three Phase PWM AC-DC Converter Journl of Electrotechnology, Electricl Engineering nd Mngement (2017) Vol. 1, Number 1 Clusius Scientific Press, Cnd Fuzzy Logic Controller for Three Phse PWM AC-DC Converter Min Muhmmd Kml1,, Husn Ali2,b

More information

THE GENERATION OF 400 MW RF PULSES AT X-BAND USING RESONANT DELAY LINES *

THE GENERATION OF 400 MW RF PULSES AT X-BAND USING RESONANT DELAY LINES * SLAC PUB 874 3/1999 THE GENERATION OF 4 MW RF PULSES AT X-BAND USING RESONANT DELAY LINES * Sam G. Tantaw, Arnold E. Vleks, and Rod J. Loewen Stanford Lnear Accelerator Center, Stanford Unversty P.O. Box

More information

First Round Solutions Grades 4, 5, and 6

First Round Solutions Grades 4, 5, and 6 First Round Solutions Grdes 4, 5, nd 1) There re four bsic rectngles not mde up of smller ones There re three more rectngles mde up of two smller ones ech, two rectngles mde up of three smller ones ech,

More information

Research on Controller of Micro-hydro Power System Nan XIE 1,a, Dezhi QI 2,b,Weimin CHEN 2,c, Wei WANG 2,d

Research on Controller of Micro-hydro Power System Nan XIE 1,a, Dezhi QI 2,b,Weimin CHEN 2,c, Wei WANG 2,d Advanced Materals Research Submtted: 2014-05-13 ISSN: 1662-8985, Vols. 986-987, pp 1121-1124 Accepted: 2014-05-19 do:10.4028/www.scentfc.net/amr.986-987.1121 Onlne: 2014-07-18 2014 Trans Tech Publcatons,

More information

Kirchhoff s Rules. Kirchhoff s Laws. Kirchhoff s Rules. Kirchhoff s Laws. Practice. Understanding SPH4UW. Kirchhoff s Voltage Rule (KVR):

Kirchhoff s Rules. Kirchhoff s Laws. Kirchhoff s Rules. Kirchhoff s Laws. Practice. Understanding SPH4UW. Kirchhoff s Voltage Rule (KVR): SPH4UW Kirchhoff s ules Kirchhoff s oltge ule (K): Sum of voltge drops round loop is zero. Kirchhoff s Lws Kirchhoff s Current ule (KC): Current going in equls current coming out. Kirchhoff s ules etween

More information

Lecture 20. Intro to line integrals. Dan Nichols MATH 233, Spring 2018 University of Massachusetts.

Lecture 20. Intro to line integrals. Dan Nichols MATH 233, Spring 2018 University of Massachusetts. Lecture 2 Intro to line integrls Dn Nichols nichols@mth.umss.edu MATH 233, Spring 218 University of Msschusetts April 12, 218 (2) onservtive vector fields We wnt to determine if F P (x, y), Q(x, y) is

More information

-.. ANALOG DEVICES. HighSpeed,LowDrift FEYOperationalAmplifieṛ !'

-.. ANALOG DEVICES. HighSpeed,LowDrift FEYOperationalAmplifieṛ !' - ANALOG W DEVCES, - - -:-!' -- - FEATRES Hgh Slew Rte 3V/p,s Fst Settlng to 1%: 7ns Hgh Output Current: 5mA for AD382 (1mA for AD381 Low Drft (5p,Vf'C-L Grdes Low Offset Voltge (25p,V-L Grdes Low nput

More information

Simulation of Transformer Based Z-Source Inverter to Obtain High Voltage Boost Ability

Simulation of Transformer Based Z-Source Inverter to Obtain High Voltage Boost Ability Interntionl Journl of cience, Engineering nd Technology Reserch (IJETR), olume 4, Issue 1, October 15 imultion of Trnsformer Bsed Z-ource Inverter to Obtin High oltge Boost Ability A.hnmugpriy 1, M.Ishwry

More information

TYPE N AND ON CARRIER REPEATERS-REPEATERED NIA HIGH-LOW TRANSISTORIZED REPEATER CONTENTS PAGE 1. GENERAL This section describes the physical and

TYPE N AND ON CARRIER REPEATERS-REPEATERED NIA HIGH-LOW TRANSISTORIZED REPEATER CONTENTS PAGE 1. GENERAL This section describes the physical and BELL SYSTEM PRACTCES Plnt Series SECTON 362-4- 1 2 1 ssue 2, December 1969 AT&TCo Stndrd TYPE N AND ON CARRER REPEATERS-REPEATERED HGH-FREQUENCY LNE DESCRPTON-TYPE NA HGH-LOW TRANSSTORZED REPEATER CONTENTS

More information

Experiment 8 Series DC Motor (II)

Experiment 8 Series DC Motor (II) Ojectives To control the speed of loded series dc motor y chnging rmture voltge. To control the speed of loded series dc motor y dding resistnce in prllel with the rmture circuit. To control the speed

More information

Math Circles Finite Automata Question Sheet 3 (Solutions)

Math Circles Finite Automata Question Sheet 3 (Solutions) Mth Circles Finite Automt Question Sheet 3 (Solutions) Nickols Rollick nrollick@uwterloo.c Novemer 2, 28 Note: These solutions my give you the nswers to ll the prolems, ut they usully won t tell you how

More information

5 I. T cu2. T use in modem computing systems, it is desirable to. A Comparison of Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topologies

5 I. T cu2. T use in modem computing systems, it is desirable to. A Comparison of Half-Bridge Resonant Converter Topologies 74 EEE TRANSACTONS ON POER ELECTRONCS, VOL. 3, NO. 2, APRL 988 A Comprison of Hlf-Bridge Resonnt Converter Topologies Abstrct-The hlf-bridge series-resonnt, prllel-resonnt, nd combintion series-prllel

More information

Figure.1. Basic model of an impedance source converter JCHPS Special Issue 12: August Page 13

Figure.1. Basic model of an impedance source converter JCHPS Special Issue 12: August Page 13 A Hgh Gan DC - DC Converter wth Soft Swtchng and Power actor Correcton for Renewable Energy Applcaton T. Selvakumaran* and. Svachdambaranathan Department of EEE, Sathyabama Unversty, Chenna, Inda. *Correspondng

More information

Design And Implementation Of Luo Converter For Electric Vehicle Applications

Design And Implementation Of Luo Converter For Electric Vehicle Applications Design And Implementtion Of Luo Converter For Electric Vehicle Applictions A.Mnikndn #1, N.Vdivel #2 ME (Power Electronics nd Drives) Deprtment of Electricl nd Electronics Engineering Sri Shkthi Institute

More information

The Effect Of Phase-Shifting Transformer On Total Consumers Payments

The Effect Of Phase-Shifting Transformer On Total Consumers Payments Australan Journal of Basc and Appled Scences 5(: 854-85 0 ISSN -88 The Effect Of Phase-Shftng Transformer On Total Consumers Payments R. Jahan Mostafa Nck 3 H. Chahkand Nejad Islamc Azad Unversty Brjand

More information

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE STUDY

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE STUDY CHAPTER LITERATURE STUDY. Introduction Multipliction involves two bsic opertions: the genertion of the prtil products nd their ccumultion. Therefore, there re two possible wys to speed up the multipliction:

More information

An Improved Active Front End Non- Regenerative Rectifier System Employing a Five-Limb Inductor

An Improved Active Front End Non- Regenerative Rectifier System Employing a Five-Limb Inductor n mproved ctve Front End on- egeneratve ectfer ystem Employng a Fve-mb nductor ahesh wamy, rves esearch and evelopment Chef Engneer, Yaskawa merca, nc., ember, EEE teven chfko, rves Product Engneer, Yaskawa

More information

MEASURE THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVES RELEVANT TO AN NPN TRANSISTOR

MEASURE THE CHARACTERISTIC CURVES RELEVANT TO AN NPN TRANSISTOR Electricity Electronics Bipolr Trnsistors MEASURE THE HARATERISTI URVES RELEVANT TO AN NPN TRANSISTOR Mesure the input chrcteristic, i.e. the bse current IB s function of the bse emitter voltge UBE. Mesure

More information

Application Note 5324

Application Note 5324 Desaturaton Fault Detecton Optocoupler Gate Drve Product wth Feature: APLJ, APL1J and HPLJ Applcaton Note 1. Introducton Desaturaton fault detecton crcut provdes protecton for power semconductor swtches

More information

Closed Loop Topology of Converter for Variable Speed PMSM Drive

Closed Loop Topology of Converter for Variable Speed PMSM Drive Closed Loop Topology of Converter for Varable Speed PMSM Drve Devang B Parmar Assstant Professor Department of Electrcal Engneerng V.V.P Engneerng College,Rajkot, Gujarat, Inda Abstract- The dscontnuous

More information

Research on error compensation and measurement technology in robot flexible measurement

Research on error compensation and measurement technology in robot flexible measurement Reserch on error compenston n mesurement technology n robot flexble mesurement Yong-Je Ren, J-Gu Zhu, Xue-You Yng, Sheng-u Ye Stte Key Lbortory of Precson Mesurng Technology n Instruments Tnjn Unversty,

More information

Section 2.2 PWM converter driven DC motor drives

Section 2.2 PWM converter driven DC motor drives Section 2.2 PWM converter driven DC motor drives 2.2.1 Introduction Controlled power supply for electric drives re obtined mostly by converting the mins AC supply. Power electronic converter circuits employing

More information

AC-DC CONVERTER FIRING ERROR DETECTION

AC-DC CONVERTER FIRING ERROR DETECTION BNL- 63319 UC-414 AGS/AD/96-3 INFORMAL AC-DC CONVERTER FIRING ERROR DETECTION O.L. Gould July 15, 1996 OF THIS DOCUMENT IS ALTERNATING GRADIENT SYNCHROTRON DEPARTMENT BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY ASSOCIATED

More information

NP10 DIGITAL MULTIMETER Functions and features of the multimeter:

NP10 DIGITAL MULTIMETER Functions and features of the multimeter: NP10 DIGITL MULTIMETER. unctions nd fetures of the multimeter: 1000 V CT III tri requencies from 10.00...10 M. Diode mesurement nd continuity testing. HOLD mesurement. Reltive mesurement. Duty cycle (%)

More information

Electronic Circuits I - Tutorial 03 Diode Applications I

Electronic Circuits I - Tutorial 03 Diode Applications I Electronic Circuits I - Tutoril 03 Diode Applictions I -1 / 9 - T & F # Question 1 A diode cn conduct current in two directions with equl ese. F 2 When reverse-bised, diode idelly ppers s short. F 3 A

More information

9.4. ; 65. A family of curves has polar equations. ; 66. The astronomer Giovanni Cassini ( ) studied the family of curves with polar equations

9.4. ; 65. A family of curves has polar equations. ; 66. The astronomer Giovanni Cassini ( ) studied the family of curves with polar equations 54 CHAPTER 9 PARAMETRIC EQUATINS AND PLAR CRDINATES 49. r, 5. r sin 3, 5 54 Find the points on the given curve where the tngent line is horizontl or verticl. 5. r 3 cos 5. r e 53. r cos 54. r sin 55. Show

More information

IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICAL POWER BY A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR CONNECTED TO THE GRID

IMPROVEMENT OF THE QUALITY OF ELECTRICAL POWER BY A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR CONNECTED TO THE GRID Rev. Roum. Sc. Techn. Électrotechn. et Énerg. Vol. 61, 1, pp. 7 41, ucrest, 216 IMPROVEMENT OF THE QULITY OF ELECTRICL POWER Y PHOTOVOLTIC GENERTOR CONNECTED TO THE GRID SID HMED TDJER 1, IDIR HI Key words:

More information

Fall 2018 #11 Games and Nimbers. A. Game. 0.5 seconds, 64 megabytes

Fall 2018 #11 Games and Nimbers. A. Game. 0.5 seconds, 64 megabytes 5-95 Fall 08 # Games and Nmbers A. Game 0.5 seconds, 64 megabytes There s a legend n the IT Cty college. A student that faled to answer all questons on the game theory exam s gven one more chance by hs

More information

PB-735 HD DP. Industrial Line. Automatic punch and bind machine for books and calendars

PB-735 HD DP. Industrial Line. Automatic punch and bind machine for books and calendars PB-735 HD DP Automtic punch nd bind mchine for books nd clendrs A further step for the utomtion of double loop binding. A clever nd flexible mchine ble to punch nd bind in line up to 9/16. Using the best

More information