COSPAS-SARSAT System Evolution and Enhancement. MEOSAR System. Emilia Melián Martínez Head of SPMCC Cospas-Sarsat Spain
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1 COSPAS-SARSAT System Evolution and Enhancement Gijón, Spain MEOSAR System Emilia Melián Martínez Head of SPMCC Cospas-Sarsat Spain Source: CNES D. Ducros
2 COSPAS-SARSAT PROGRAMME IT S ABOUT SAVING LIVES An accident can happen ANY WHERE at ANY TIME This accident can has survivors WHERE to locate the event of the distress WHAT type and number of assets it is necessary 2
3 INTERNATIONAL COSPAS-SARSAT PROGRAMME Cospas-Sarsat is an international program to provide, free-of-charge, distress alert and location information to search and rescue authorities anywhere in the world for maritime, aviation and land users in distress, using satellite systems. COSPAS Russia : COsmicheskaya Systyema Poiska Aariynyich Sudov which translates loosely into Space System for the Search of Vessels in Distress SARSAT : Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking system Canada France USA International Cospas-Sarsat Program Agreement was signed by governments of Canada, France, USA and former USSR on (Russia assumes the responsibilities for the former USSR) 3
4 COSPAS-SARSAT HISTORY HERITAGE from MHz EMERGENCY In 1970 s planes and ships already carried MHz distress beacons. Principal problems: No identification of beacons Designed for audible detection by overflying aircraft No means of accurately locating beacons 4
5 COSPAS-SARSAT HISTORY INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION SARSAT Project Canada, USA and France agreed to co-operate on the development of the low-altitude polar orbiting satellite system to detect and locate MHz beacons. COSPAS Project The former USSR was developing a satellite concept also using 406 MHz frequency (reserved by ITU for Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB) to detect and locate ships in distress. The former USSR declared its interest in co-operating with Canada, USA and France with the objective of ensuring inter-operability of the COSPAS and SARSAT systems. 5
6 COSPAS-SARSAT HISTORY THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION First Memorandum of Understanding was signed on Nov 23, 1979 between (USSR, USA, France, Canada) Second Memorandum of Understanding was signed on Oct 5, 1984 System was declared operational in MHz beacons were accepted by IMO as part of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) in 1988 International Cospas-Sarsat Programme Agreement (ICSPA) was signed on July 1, 1988 among the governments of Canada, France, the former USSR and the USA ICSPA ensures continuity of the space system and availability to all States on a non-discriminatory basis 6
7 BASIC CONCEPT OF THE C/S SYSTEM SPACE SEGMENT GROUND SEGMENT EMERGENCY BEACONS SEGMENT 7
8 COSPAS-SARSAT HISTORY THE FIRST SATELLITES 1982: First COSPAS satellite was launched Cospas-1 (USSR) was launched in June 1982 First rescue in September : First SARSAT satellite was launched Cospas-2 (USSR), 24 March NOAA-8 satellite (USA) with Canadian and French SAR instruments, 28 March 1985: System declared operational position advantage waiting time important disadvantage 8
9 COSPAS-SARSAT HISTORY THE FIRST GEOSAR SATELLITES 1994: First Cospas-Sarsat GEOSAR payloads (406 MHz repeater) in operation. 1995: Three geostationary satellites equipped with a 406 MHz repeater were available. GOES-8 & GOES-9 (USA) INSAT-2A (India) GOES-USA 1998: GEOSAR System was declared operational as part of the Cospas-Sarsat System Time advantage quasi-real-time alerting INSAT-India Disadvantage no location GNSS receiver encoding position 9
10 COSPAS-SARSAT HISTORY THE NEW MEOSAR SATELLITES 1995: First use of the GNSS. The 406 MHz beacon message was modified to include location from navigation device. 1998: GEOSAR System was accepted as enhancement to the LEOSAR System providing quasi-real time detection and quasi-real time location when the beacon had integrated GNSS device 2002: USA, Russian Fed. and EC/ESA had indicated their intention to include 406 MHz SAR repeater instruments on their future MEO satellites : Initial Operational Capability could be achieved. Time advantage near instantaneous Location advantage near instantaneous DASS-USA GOES-USA SAR/GLONASS - Russia SAR/GALILEO - EC 10
11 C/S SYSTEM OPERATIONS Assistance in rescuing from SEP/1982 to DEC/2010 SAR EVENTS: PERSONS RESCUED : % 13% 78% Maritime distress: Aviation distress: Land distress:
12 C/S SYSTEM OPERATIONS 2010 ALERTS LOCATIONS SAR EVENTS: PERSONS RESCUED : Near 2 daily EVENTS More than 6 PERSONS rescued daily 12
13 PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES The following 43 countries/organizations are formally associated with the Cospas-Sarsat Program: 4 parties/founders : Canada Russia Fed. France USA 37 associated countries: Algeria Germany Argentina Greece Australia India New Zealand Serbia Brazil Indonesia Nigeria Singapore Chile Italy Norway South Africa Tunisia China (P. R.) Japan Pakistan Spain Turkey Cyprus Korea (Rep. of) Peru Sweden United Arab Emirates Denmark Madagascar Poland Switzerland United Kingdom Finland Netherlands Saudi Arabia Thailand Vietnam 2 associated organizations: International Telecommunication Development Corporation, ITDC of Taipei, China The Marine Department of Hong Kong, China (October 2011) 13
14 CURRENT SPACE SEGMENT LEOSAR Satellites ~ 800-1,000 Km Earth Observation Satellites LEOSAR System Low Earth Orbit Satellite (polar orbit) Sarsat-7 NOAA-15 May 1998 In operation Sarsat-8 NOAA-16 Sep 2000 In operation Sarsat-9 NOAA-17 Jun 2002 In operation Sarsat-10 NOAA-18 May 2005 In operation Sarsat-11 METOP-A Oct 2006 In operation Sarsat-12 NOAA-N Feb 2009 In operation GEOSAR System Geostationary Satellite (geosynchronous orbit) GOES º W May 2000 In operation GOES-13 75º W May 2006 In operation INSAT-3A 93.5º E Apr 2003 In operation GEOSAR Satellites ~ 36,000 Km Telecommunication Satellites Meteorological Satellites MSG-1 MSG-2 Electro-L-1 9.5º E 0º 76º E Aug 2002 Dec 2005 Dec 2010 In operation In operation In testing 14
15 CURRENT SYSTEM BENEFITS The Cospas-Sarsat system combines the benefits of the LEOSAR and GEOSAR system: LEOSAR Satellites LEOSAR provides global coverage: - Entire globe - Frequent polar coverage LEOSAR locates beacons using Doppler shift processing High probability of LEO detection even when GEO blocked GEOSAR quasi-real-time detection GEOSAR Satellites GEOSAR quasi-real-time location (beacon with GNSS device) GEOSAR provides continuous monitoring of 1/3 of Earth surface 15
16 CURRENT SYSTEM LIMITATIONS GEOSAR MSG INSAT COSPAS SARSAT GOES LEOSAR LEOSAR: Waiting time. Average waiting time for satellite passage is approximately 45 min. near equator and 35 min. in mid-latitude. Sometimes a second satellite passage is required to resolve a position ambiguity. GEOSAR: Limited coverage beyond 70ºN and 70ºS. No Doppler location Encoded location in 2 Dimensions only with limited accuracy (500 m) SYSTEM: Encoded position updates every 20 minutes. Delay of 50 seconds between a beacon activation and the transmission of a first message. 16
17 MEOSAR IMPROVEMENT Quickly calculate the position of a distress beacon by processing the signal repeated by multiple satellites in Medium Earth Orbit (20,000 Km) MEOSAR Satellites ~ 20,000 Km MEOSAR System Medium Earth Orbit Satellite (GNSS orbits) DASS (SAR/GPS) 24 sat (+3) 6 planes USA GNSS Satellites SAR / GLONASS 24 sat. 3 planes Russia SAR / GALILEO 27 sat (+3) 3 planes EC/ESA 17
18 MEOSAR SYSTEM CONCEPT sat-1 sat-2 sat-3 - Different path lengths (TDOA) y Doppler shifts (FDOA) sat-4 BEACON - Beacons can be detected and located within seconds (on one burst): - good for distress event - bad for false alerts / inadvertent activations MEOLUT - No B solution generated, so no ambiguous, mirror image solution to pass to RCCs sat-5 - Fast positioning by Triangulation 18
19 MEOSAR: DASS (SAR / GPS) Distress Alerting Satellite System DASS: Constellation composed by 24 satellites, in 6 orbital planes at Km of altitude (+3 spare). 9 GPS satellites in orbit with DASS proof-of-concept packages, all S-band downlink, up to 19 satellites to L-band downlink on GPS III from MEOLUT installed in Hawaii GPS Block III SATELLITE 19
20 MEOSAR: SAR / GLONASS SAR/GLONASS: Constellation composed by 24 satellites, in 3 orbital planes at Km of altitude. First GLONASS K-1 satellite of the Russia GNSS in MEO was launched on February 2011 First MEO satellite with SAR payload with an L-band downlink GLONASS SATELLITE A MEOLUT located in Moscow. 20
21 MEOSAR: SAR / GALILEO GALILEO: Constellation composed by 27 satellites, in 3 orbital planes at Km of altitude (+3 spare). In-Orbit validation phase (IOV) with 4 Galileo satellites in GALILEO SATELLITE Full constellation planned by end of
22 MEOSAR: BETTER COVERAGE MEO footprint is much larger than LEO MEO footprint is like GEO, but slowly moving LEOSAR ~ 800-1,000 Km Coverage over the polar regions Many satellites Many overlapping footprints gives continuous, global coverage. GEOSAR ~ Km. MEOSAR ~ Km. 22
23 COVERAGE MEO & LEO FOOTPRINT (20 minutes apart) The coverage of polar regions is continuous with just a few MEO satellites, but is intermittent with LEOs and not covered by GEOs 23
24 MEOSAR SYSTEM CURRENT ACTIVITIE (I) The aim of the MEOSAR will be to improve the speed and reliability of detecting and locating emergency beacon alerts from 406 MHz near instantaneous time. - Can locate beacons on single burst: first burst detection and location. MEOSAR system should be backward compatible and interoperable with existing and future 406 MHz beacon. The MEOSAR constellations will be formed by three constellations: DASS, SAR/Galileo and SAR/Glonass, completely compatible with C/S 406 MHz distress beacons. - each constellation is composed by high number of satellite, imply high level of redundancy and availability 24
25 MEOSAR SYSTEM CURRENT ACTIVITIE (II) Global coverage with near instantaneous alerting and location data. Moving beacons can be tracked - on life raft adrift at sea - on aircraft in emergency in flight Additional features could be included e.g. Return Link Service -an acknowledgement receipt to user - cancellation of false alerts Second generation of 406 MHz Beacons 25
26 MEOSAR SYSTEM CONCEPT SAR / GALILEO RETURN LINK DASS (SAR-GPS) Downlink: S-band L-band SAR-GLONASS Downlink: L-band SAR-GALILEO Downlink: L-band Distress Beacon Uplink: 406 MHz Return Link Message MEOLUT station Return Link Message Return Link Message GALILEO GMS / ULS Rescue RCC MCC Return Link Service Provider GMS: Ground Mission Segment ULS: Up-Link Station 26
27 COSPAS-SARSAT SPACE SEGMENT TENTATIVE LAUNCH SCHEDULE 27
28 TENTATIVE MEOSAR TIME LINE 12 SAR/GPS 1 SAR/GLONASS 8 MEOLUTs Brazil Canada EC&ESA France Russia Turkey UK USA 28
29 SPAIN GROUND SEGMENT PROVIDER July 10th 1992: Foreign Affaire Minister nominate INTA as Official Organism responsible of the Association to International Cospas-Sarsat Program. January 1st 1993: Start off LUT/SPMCC operations. Algeria - ALMCC Nigeria - NIMCC Saudi Arabia - SAMCC UAE - AEMCC Spain - SPMCC Location: Maspalomas, Gran Canaria, Spain. Currently: SPMCC has a service Area of nineteen African countries and their associated Atlantic Search and Rescue Regions SPMCC acts as backup to France as Nodal MCC for the Central Region and its particular Service Area. SPMCC assumes the Nodal MCC responsibilities for the South-Central DDR. 29
30 SPANISH MISSION CONTROL CENTRE Operational Staff: 9 expert engineers + 1 head MCC Timetable: 24 hours a day (all year round) Technical equipment: LEOLUT GEOLUT GOES-East GEOLUT MSG-2 MCC Coverage Area: 3500 Km. radio (from the North of Ireland to the Equator and from the Adriatic Sea to near the Brazilian Coast) Results: human lives in the Spanish Search and Rescue Areas at 492 events (6.203 out of Spanish SAR) Total Contribution human lives (December 2010) Future SPMCC equipments: European Commission has selected Maspalomas - Spain for hosting site for a MEOLUT composed by 4 antennas GEOLUT MSG GEOLUT GOES MEOLUT - 4 ANTENNAS LEOLUT 30
31 CONCLUSIONS Cospas-Sarsat is a Program in constant evolution with humanitarian, economic and prestige benefits. Efficiency: More than persons saved over 29 years (1059 lives/year) More than persons saved on Maritime Distress (78%) MEOSAR Enhancement: - More effective use of SAR resources. - Faster SAR response Better SAR service more lives saved - Continuous coverage even in the polar regions - Global coverage with near instantaneous alerting and location data (in seconds) - Multiple satellites Multiple signal paths more reliable reception 31
32 COSPAS-SARSAT System Evolution and Enhancement Gijón, Spain MEOSAR System Emilia Melián Martínez Head of SPMCC Cospas-Sarsat Spain Source: CNES D. Ducros
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