6.012 Microelectronic Devices and Circuits
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1 MIT, Spring Microelectronic Devices and Circuits Charles G. Sodini Jing Kong Shaya Famini, Stephanie Hsu, Ming Tang
2 Lecture Overview Contents: Overview of Reading Assignment: Howe and Sodini, Ch. 2
3 Overview of Introductory subject to microelectronic devices and circuits Microelectronics is the cornerstone of: Computer revolution Communications revolution Consumer Electronics revolution
4 Microelectronics: cornerstone of computing revolution In last 30 years, computer performance per dollar has improved more than a million fold!
5 Microelectronics: cornerstone of communications revolution In last 20 years, communication bandwidth through a single optical fiber has increased by ten thousand fold.
6 Microelectronics: cornerstone of consumer electronics revolution Images of consumer electronics (cell phones, digital cameras, PDA) removed due to copyright restrictions. Low power electronics enabling a variety of portable devices
7 Si digital microelectronics today Take the cover off a microprocessor. What do you see? Image of Pentium microprocessor removed due to copyright restrictions. A thick web of interconnects, many levels deep. High density of very small transistors. Intel s Pentium IV
8 Interconnects Figures by MIT OpenCourseWare. Today, as many as 7 levels of interconnect using Cu.
9 Transistor size scaling size of human blood cell 2 orders of magnitude reduction in transistor size in 30 years.
10 Evolution of transistor density Moore s Law: doubling of transistor density every 1.5 years 4 orders of magnitude improvement in 30 years. 2x/1.5year Intel processors
11 Benefits of increasing transistor integration Exponential improvements in: system performance cost per function, Image of microprocessor removed due to copyright restrictions. power per function, and system reliability. Experimental SOI microprocessor from IBM
12 Clock speed 4 orders of magnitude improvement in 30 years.
13 Transistor cost 3 order of magnitude reduction in 30 years.
14 Cost per function 4 order of magnitude reduction in 30 years.
15 Keys to success of digital microelectronics: I. Silicon Cheap and abundant Amazing mechanical, chemical and electronic properties Probably, the material best known to humankind
16 Keys to success of digital microelectronics: II. MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor MOSFET = switch Field Effect Transistor Good gain, isolation, and speed
17 Modern MOSFET structure TiSi 2 N+ PolySi gate P+ Si 3 N 4 N+ N+ STI P+ P+ P-well N-well P-substrate Figure by MIT OpenCourseWare.
18 Keys to success of digital microelectronics: III. MOSFET scaling MOSFET performance improves as size is decreased: Shorter switching time Lower power consumption
19 Keys to success of digital microelectronics: IV. CMOS CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Complementary switch activates with V<0. Logic without DC power consumption.
20 Keys to success of digital microelectronics: V. Microfabrication technology Tight integration of dissimilar devices with good isolation Image of DRAM removed due to copyright restrictions. Fabrication of extremely small structures, precisely and reproducibly High volume manufacturing of complex systems with high yield. 1 Gbit DRAM from IBM
21 Keys to success of digital microelectronics: VI. Circuit engineering Simple device models that: are based on physics allow analog and digital circuit design permit assessment of impact of device variations on circuit performance Circuit design techniques that: are tolerant to logic level fluctuations, noise and crosstalk are insensitive to manufacturing variations require little power consumption
22 Content of Deals with microelectronic devices Semiconductor physics Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) Deals with microelectronic circuits Digital circuits (mainly CMOS) Analog circuits (BJT and MOS) The interaction of devices and circuits captured by models
23 MIT OpenCourseWare Microelectronic Devices and Circuits Spring 2009 For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit:
6.012 Microelectronic Devices and Circuits
MIT, Spring 2003 6.012 Microelectronic Devices and Circuits Jesús del Alamo Dimitri Antoniadis, Judy Hoyt, Charles Sodini Pablo Acosta, Susan Luschas, Jorg Scholvin, Niamh Waldron Lecture 1 6.012 overview
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