Substation applications
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- Jack Nash
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1 Substation applications To make it easy to choose the right for a protection application, the most typical applications are presented with the type of for them. Each sample application is presented by: b a single-line diagram indicating: v equipment to be protected v network configuration v position of measurement sensors b standard and specific Sepam functions to be implemented to protect the application concerned. The list of functions is given for information purposes. Solid and impedance earthing are represented by the same icon, i.e. solidly earthed. DE50094 DE50122 Feeder protection b feeder short-circuit and overload protection Protection of feeders in solidly earthed systems, or protection of low capacitance feeders in low impedance earthed systems: Sepam S80 Protection of feeders in compensated or isolated neutral systems, or protection of capacitive feeders in low impedance earthed systems: Sepam S81 b specific feeder protection: 67N/67NC. 32
2 Substation applications Selection table Protection ANSI S80 S81 S82 code Phase overcurrent (1) 50/ Earth fault / Sensitive earth fault (1) 50N/51N Breaker failure 50BF Negative sequence / unbalance Thermal overload for cables 49RMS 2 2 Directional phase overcurrent (1) 67 2 Directional earth fault (1) 67N/67NC 2 2 Directional active overpower 32P 2 2 Positive sequence 27D undervoltage Remanent undervoltage 27R Undervoltage (L-L or L-N) Overvoltage (L-L or L-N) Neutral voltage displacement 59N Negative sequence overvoltage Overfrequency 81H Underfrequency 81L Recloser (4 cycles) (2) 79 v v v The figures indicate the number of units available for each protection function b standard, v options. (1) Protection functions with 2 groups of settings. (2) According to parameter setting and optional MES120 input/ output modules. DE50117 DE50119 Incomer protection b busbar short-circuit protection Incomer protection: Sepam S80 b busbar voltage and frequency monitoring. Parallel incomer protection: Sepam S82 b line or source protection: 67, 67N/67NC. DE50118 b line voltage and frequency monitoring. Ring incomer protection: Sepam S82 b line or source protection: 67, 67N/67NC b directional logic discrimination. DE50120 Coupling circuit protection Coupling of 2 parallel incomers: Sepam S82 b busbar protection: 67, 67N/67NC b busbar voltage and frequency monitoring b directional logic discrimination. DE
3 Transformer applications Standard transformer application diagrams do not take voltage levels into account: b the transformer primary winding is always at the top b the transformer secondary winding is always at the bottom. The transformer primary and secondary windings need to be protected. The Sepam proposed can be installed on either the primary or secondary winding of the transformer. The other winding can be protected by an incomer or feeder type substation application Sepam. Transformer feeder protection b transformer short-circuit and overload protection b internal transformer protection: Thermostat / Buchholz (ANSI 26/63) b RTD temperature monitoring (ANSI 49T) Transformer feeder protection: Sepam T81 b primary:. b primary: b tank earth leakage:. b primary: b secondary:. DE50123 DE50124 DE50125 Note: for long feeders, the function may be replaced by the 67N/67NC. 34
4 Transformer applications Selection table Protection ANSI T81 T82 T87 code Phase overcurrent (1) 50/ Earth fault / Sensitive earth fault (1) 50N/51N Breaker failure 50BF Negative sequence / unbalance Thermal overload for machines (1) 49RMS Restricted earth fault 64REF Two-winding transformer 87T 1 differential Directional phase overcurrent (1) 67 2 Directional earth fault (1) 67N/67NC 2 2 Directional active overpower 32P Overfluxing (V / Hz) 24 2 Positive sequence 27D undervoltage Remanent undervoltage 27R Undervoltage (L-L or L-N) Overvoltage (L-L or L-N) Neutral voltage displacement 59N Negative sequence overvoltage Overfrequency 81H Underfrequency 81L Thermostat / Buchholz (2) 26/63 v v v Temperature monitoring (16 RTDs) (3) 38/49T v v v The figures indicate the number of units available for each protection function b standard, v options. (1) Protection functions with 2 groups of settings. (2) According to parameter setting and optional MES120 input/ output modules. (3) With optional MET148-2 temperature input modules. Transformer feeder differential protection: Sepam T87 Transformer differential protection: 87T b primary:. DE50126 DE50127 b primary: b secondary: v. DE50128 b primary: v b secondary: v. 35
5 Transformer applications Transformer incomer protection b transformer short-circuit and overload protection b internal transformer protection: Thermostat / Buchholz (ANSI 26/63) b RTD temperature monitoring (ANSI 49T) Transformer incomer protection: Sepam T81 b secondary:. b secondary: v. DE50129 DE50130 Transformer incomer differential protection: Sepam T87 Transformer differential protection: 87T b primary : b secondary :. b primary : b secondary : v. b primary: b secondary : v. b primary : v b secondary :. b primary : v b secondary : v. DE50131 DE50132 DE50133 DE50134 DE
6 Transformer applications Selection table Protection ANSI T81 T82 T87 code Phase overcurrent (1) 50/ Earth fault / Sensitive earth fault (1) 50N/51N Breaker failure 50BF Negative sequence / unbalance Thermal overload for machines (1) 49RMS Restricted earth fault 64REF Two-winding transformer 87T 1 differential Directional phase overcurrent (1) 67 2 Directional earth fault (1) 67N/67NC 2 2 Directional active overpower 32P Overfluxing (V / Hz) 24 2 Positive sequence 27D undervoltage Remanent undervoltage 27R Undervoltage (L-L or L-N) Overvoltage (L-L or L-N) Neutral voltage displacement 59N Negative sequence overvoltage Overfrequency 81H Underfrequency 81L Thermostat / Buchholz (2) 26/63 v v v Temperature monitoring (16 RTDs) (3) 38/49T v v v The figures indicate the number of units available for each protection function b standard, v options. (1) Protection functions with 2 groups of settings. (2) According to parameter setting and optional MES120 input/ output modules. (3) With optional MET148-2 temperature input modules. DE50136 DE50137 Parallel transformer incomer protection b transformer short-circuit and overload protection b internal transformer protection: Thermostat / Buchholz (ANSI 26/63) b RTD temperature monitoring (ANSI 49T) Parallel transformer incomer protection: Sepam T82 b transformer directional phase overcurrent protection: 67 b transformer secondary earth fault protection:, 59N. b transformer directional phase overcurrent protection: 67 b transformer secondary earth fault protection: 67N/67NC, 64REF. Parallel incomer differential protection: Sepam T87 b transformer differential protection: 87T b transformer secondary earth fault protection:, 64REF. DE
7 Motor applications Motor protection b internal motor fault protection b power supply fault protection b driven load fault protection b RTD temperature monitoring (ANSI 38/49T) Motor protection: Sepam M81 Direct starting. Auto-transformer starting. Two-way. DE50252 DE50253 DE50254 M81 M 38/ 49T Motor differential protection: Sepam M87 Motor differential protection: 87M. Phase protection by selfbalancing differential scheme: 50/51. Direct starting. Auto-transformer starting. Direct starting. DE50255 DE50256 DE
8 Motor-transformer unit applications Selection table Protection ANSI M81 M87 M88 code Phase overcurrent (1) 50/ Earth fault / Sensitive earth fault (1) 50N/51N Breaker failure 50BF Negative sequence / unbalance Thermal overload for machines (1) 49RMS Two-winding transformer differential 87T 1 Machine differential 87M 1 Directional earth fault (1) 67N/67NC Directional active overpower 32P Directional reactive overpower 32Q Phase undercurrent Excessive starting time, 48/51LR locked rotor Starts per hour Field loss (underimpedance) Pole slip 78PS Overspeed (2 set points) (2) 12 v v v Underspeed (2 set points) (2) 14 v v v Positive sequence 27D undervoltage Remanent undervoltage 27R Undervoltage (L-L or L-N) Overvoltage (L-L or L-N) Neutral voltage displacement 59N Negative sequence overvoltage Overfrequency 81H Underfrequency 81L Thermostat / Buchholz (2) 26/63 v v Temperature monitoring (16 RTDs) (3) 38/49T v v v The figures indicate the number of units available for each protection function b standard, v options. (1) Protection functions with 2 groups of settings. (2) According to parameter setting and optional MES120 input/ output modules. (3) With optional MET148-2 temperature input modules. Motor-transformer unit protection b motor and transformer protection against internal faults b power supply fault protection b driven load fault protection b internal transformer protection: Thermostat / Buchholz (ANSI 26/63) b RTD temperature monitoring (ANSI 38/49T) Motor-transformer unit protection: Sepam M81 b motor earth fault protection: b motor earth fault protection: 59N b transformer primary earth fault b transformer primary earth fault protection:. protection:. DE50258 Motor-transformer unit differential protection: Sepam M88 Motor-transformer unit differential protection: 87T. b motor earth fault protection: b motor earth fault protection: 59N b transformer primary earth fault b transformer primary earth fault protection:. protection:. DE50260 DE50259 DE
9 Generator applications Generator protection b internal generator fault protection b network fault protection b driving machine fault protection b control fault protection b RTD temperature monitoring (ANSI 38/49T) Generator protection: Sepam G82 b b 100% stator earth fault b 59N. 64G b. b 64REF and b. DE50262 DE50263 DE50264 Generator differential protection: Sepam G87 Phase protection by self-balancing differential scheme: 50/51.. Generator differential protection: 87M. b b 59N. b 100% stator earth fault 64G b. b. DE50265 DE50266 DE50267 DE
10 Generator-transformer unit applications Selection table Protection ANSI G82 G87 G88 code Phase overcurrent (1) 50/ Earth fault / Sensitive earth fault (1) 50N/51N Breaker failure 50BF Negative sequence / unbalance Thermal overload for machines (1) 49RMS Restricted earth fault 64REF 2 2 Two-winding transformer differential 87T 1 Machine differential 87M 1 Directional phase overcurrent (1) 67 2 Directional earth fault (1) 67N/67NC Directional active overpower 32P Directional reactive overpower 32Q Directional active underpower 37P 2 Field loss (underimpedance) Pole slip 78PS Overspeed (2 set points) (2) 12 v v v Underspeed (2 set points) (2) 14 v v v Voltage-restrained phase 50V/51V overcurrent Underimpedance 21B Inadvertent energization 50/ Third harmonic undervoltage / 27TN/64G % stator earth fault 64G Overfluxing (V / Hz) Positive sequence 27D undervoltage Remanent undervoltage 27R Undervoltage (L-L or L-N) Overvoltage (L-L or L-N) Neutral voltage displacement 59N Negative sequence overvoltage Overfrequency 81H Underfrequency 81L Thermostat / Buchholz (2) 26/63 v v Temperature monitoring (16 RTDs) (3) 38/49T v v v The figures indicate the number of units available for each protection function b standard, v options. (1) Protection functions with 2 groups of settings. (2) According to parameter setting and optional MES120 input/ output modules. (3) With optional MET148-2 temperature input modules. Generator-transformer unit protection b generator and transformer protection against internal faults b protection against network faults b driving machine fault protection b control fault protection b internal transformer protection: Thermostat / Buchholz (ANSI 26/63) b RTD temperature monitoring (ANSI 38/49T) Generator-transformer unit protection: Sepam G82 b generator earth fault protection: b generator earth fault protection: 100% stator earth fault 64G b transformer secondary earth fault b transformer secondary earth fault protection: protection: v v v 59N. v 59N. DE50269 Generator-transformer unit differential protection: Sepam G88 Generator-transformer unit differential protection: 87T. b generator earth fault protection: b generator earth fault protection: 100% stator earth fault 64G b transformer secondary earth fault b transformer secondary earth fault protection: protection: v v v 59N.. DE50271 DE50270 DE
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