Transformer Protection

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Transformer Protection"

Transcription

1 Transformer Protection

2 Transformer Protection Outline Fuses Protection Example Overcurrent Protection Differential Relaying Current Matching Phase Shift Compensation Tap Changing Under Load Magnetizing Inrush Overexcitation Connection Examples Ground Differential Sudden-Pressure Relays (63)

3

4

5 Power Transformer Failure Statistics (3,112 failures) Winding failures = 31% Tap changer failures = 26% Bushing failures = 12% Cooling equipment failures = 3% Auxiliary equipment failures = 3% Core failures = 1% Leads failures = 1% Other failures = 23% Source: IEEE C

6 Transformer Fusing Normally used at 10MVA and below Reference transformer damage curves IEEE C37.91 Selected to fit below damage curve Fuses must be coordinated with relays Economical

7 Fuse Characteristics A-AF Maximum Clear OPERATE TIME A-AF Sec Minimum Melt K 10K CURRENT

8 Example: Large Industrial Load kV CS 300/5 49 ALARM 50/ 51 A 51N T1 T2 200/5 30 MVA 87 T XX Primary Protection R G 51N / R G 67N POL 67, 67N TRIP DIR 67N OP 87N POL 1/10 ACT 87N OP 51N N.C. 2000/ kv 67 POL

9 Transformer Overcurrent Protection High side overcurrent will not see low side ground faults. CS 50/51 50/51

10 High Side Overcurrent Coordinate with upstream devices Backup transformer differential / sudden pressure Thermal overload Set above Inrush, 2-8 X Load

11 Low Side Overcurrent Coordinate with downstream devices (radial) Bus backup scheme Thermal overload

12 Frequent and Infrequent Operating Limits 10, THROUGH-FAULT PROTECTION ON CURVE FOR FAULTS WHICH WILL OCCUR FREQUENTLY (TYPICALLY MORE THAN 5 IN A TRANSFORMER LIFETIME). THROUGH-FAULT PROTECTION ON CURVE FOR FAULTS WHICH WILL OCCUR INFREQUENTLY (TYPICALLY NOT MORE THAN 5 IN A TRANSFORMER LIFETIME). 10, T I M E ( S E C O N D S ) % OF TRANSFORMER IMPEDANCE FOR FAULT CURRENT FROM 50% TO 100% MAXIMUM POSSIBLE: I 2t =K WHERE I = SYMMETRICAL FAULT CURRENT IN TIMES NORMAL BASE CURRENT (ANSI/IEEE C K = CONSTANT DETERMINED AT MAXIMUM I WITH t = 2 s NOTE: SAMPLE I 2 t = K CURVES HAVE BEEN PLOTTED FOR THIS CURVE MAY ALSO BE USED FOR BACKUP PROTECTION WHERE THE TRANSFORMER IS EXPOSED TO FREQUENT FAULTS NORMALLY CAUSED BY HIGH-SPEED RELAYING TIMES NORMAL BASE CURRENT

13 Transformer Monitor (51TF) Pickup Counter + 1 Alarm - + Start Integration Alarm Counts M M1 + - Get TF(M) 1 from curve dt TF ( M ) TF Counter + 1 Reset Integration

14 Transformer Monitor (51TF)

15 Transformer Differential Relays Faster More sensitive Eliminates single phasing problem More selective

16 Percentage Differential PROTECTED ZONE (PHASE A) R1 OP R2 87T

17 External Fault PROTECTED ZONE (PHASE A) R1 OP R2 87T

18 Internal Fault PROTECTED ZONE (PHASE A) R1 OP R2 87T

19 Percentage Differential Characteristic OPERATING CURRENT (IN MULTIPLES OF TAP) 2.33 THRU-CURRENT RESTRAINT SETTING MAXIMUM RESTRAINT CURRENT (IN MULTIPLES OF TAP)

20 Transformer Differential Limitations Unequal secondary currents, because of the different turns ratios of the power transformer windings and the CTs Phase shift of wye-delta banks Tap changing under load Magnetizing inrush

21 Current Matching 5 RESTRAINT COILS OPERATING COIL R 1 5 R

22 Current Matching MATCHING TAPS RELAY INPUT CTS ELECTRONICS OPERATE RESTRAINT COMPARATOR

23 Phase Shift Compensation 87T

24 Phase Shift Compensation / Zero Sequence Trap C 2 A B 3 A B C C B A

25 Two Kinds of Delta Connections A B C A B C A B C B I A I A I B I C I C I B I A I C I A I B I C I C I A I A I B I B I C I

26 Percentage Differential Characteristic OPERATING CURRENT (IN MULTIPLES OF TAP) % THRU-CURRENT RESTRAINT SETTING MAXIMUM RESTRAINT CURRENT (IN MULTIPLES OF TAP)

27 Tap Changing Under Load I O P - ( M U L T. O F T A P ) MARGIN 60% MARGIN 15% XMFR EXCITING CURRENT MAXIMUM I - (MULT. OF TAP) R

28 Magnetizing Inrush Ø i e Ø R Ø R Time Transformer Deenergized at This Point Transformer Reenergized at This Point

29 Magnetizing Inrush i s 1 Max i e R + Max R Time Transformer Deenergized at This Point Max Transformer Reenergized at This Point

30 DEAD SPOT Inrush Waveform

31 Unbalanced Inrush

32 Differential Setting Review If the transformer connection is a delta-wye the angles of the two currents will not be 180 degrees apart, and must be compensated by 30 degrees To compensate with the CT connection, reverse the connection; for delta-wye transformers connect the CT s wye-delta Digital relays can be connected wye-wye and set the compensation inside the relay

33 Differential Setting Review Ratio of taps=ratio of currents

34 Differential Setting Review Set slope low for low mismatch and high quality CTs Increase slope setting for tap changer transformers, poor quality CTs or poorly matched CTs Use of transient monitor to detect the effect of CT saturation during through-fault => enhance security

35 Differential Setting Review Use of 2 nd harmonic sharing for 2 nd harmonic inhibit => Superior method to enhance security

36 Overexcitation OPEN A) G S B) S LONG LINE OPEN S - POWER SYSTEM

37 Relay restrains over the voltage range of % of rated excitation % 100 M a g n e t i z i n g c u r r e n t I m a n d i t s h a r m o n i c c o m p o n e n t s I (% of I ) 1 m I (% of I ) 3 1 I M (% of I n ) I (% of I ) 5 1 I (% of I ) Voltage in percent of nominal voltage

38 Bus/Transformer Application CS 0P R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 R 5

39 Bus/Transformer Application A 20A 50A 20A 20A R1 20A 0P 0 R2

40 CT Error Produces Incorrect Operation 20A O P E R A T I N G OPERATING ZONE OPERATING POINT 20A MAXIMUM RESTRAINT

41 Ground Differential 87N

42 Neutral Overcurrent 51N

43 Sudden Pressure Protection Operates on rate of change in gas or oil pressure Detects incipient low magnitude faults Protects for faults differential may not see Backs up differential for high magnitude internal faults Users are split between using sudden pressure for trip or alarm

44 Sudden Pressure Relay Mounted in Gas Space 2 1 SUDDEN PRESSURE RELAY 1 2 TRANSFORMER TANK INSULATING OIL LEVEL 4 MAIN PORT 5 BELLOWS 6 6 GAS CUSHION 7 SNAP SWITCH 3 8 EQUALIZER PORT

45 Thank You

Transformer Protection Principles

Transformer Protection Principles Transformer Protection Principles 1. Introduction Transformers are a critical and expensive component of the power system. Due to the long lead time for repair of and replacement of transformers, a major

More information

Generator Protection GENERATOR CONTROL AND PROTECTION

Generator Protection GENERATOR CONTROL AND PROTECTION Generator Protection Generator Protection Introduction Device Numbers Symmetrical Components Fault Current Behavior Generator Grounding Stator Phase Fault (87G) Field Ground Fault (64F) Stator Ground Fault

More information

Transformer Protection

Transformer Protection Transformer Protection Nature of transformer faults TXs, being static, totally enclosed and oil immersed develop faults only rarely but consequences large. Three main classes of faults. 1) Faults in Auxiliary

More information

Power System Protection. Dr. Lionel R. Orama Exclusa, PE Week 3

Power System Protection. Dr. Lionel R. Orama Exclusa, PE Week 3 Power System Protection Dr. Lionel R. Orama Exclusa, PE Week 3 Operating Principles: Electromagnetic Attraction Relays Readings-Mason Chapters & 3 Operating quantities Electromagnetic attraction Response

More information

Protection of a 138/34.5 kv transformer using SEL relay

Protection of a 138/34.5 kv transformer using SEL relay Scholars' Mine Masters Theses Student Theses and Dissertations Fall 2016 Protection of a 138/34.5 kv transformer using SEL 387-6 relay Aamani Lakkaraju Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/masters_theses

More information

Modern transformer relays include a comprehensive set of protective elements to protect transformers from faults and abnormal operating conditions

Modern transformer relays include a comprehensive set of protective elements to protect transformers from faults and abnormal operating conditions 1 Transmission transformers are important links in the bulk power system. They allow transfer of power from generation centers, up to the high-voltage grid, and to bulk electric substations for distribution

More information

Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper

Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper Transformer Differential Protection ntroduction: Transformer differential protection schemes are ubiquitous to almost

More information

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Index

COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL. Index Index Note: Bold italic type refers to entries in the Table of Contents, refers to a Standard Title and Reference number and # refers to a specific standard within the buff book 91, 40, 48* 100, 8, 22*,

More information

Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper

Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper Hands On Relay School Open Lecture Transformer Differential Protection Scott Cooper Transformer Differential Protection ntroduction: Transformer differential protection schemes are ubiquitous to almost

More information

Transformer Fault Categories

Transformer Fault Categories Transformer Fault Categories 1. Winding and terminal faults 2. Sustained or uncleared external faults 3. Abnormal operating conditions such as overload, overvoltage and overfluxing 4. Core faults 1 (1)

More information

Overcurrent Elements

Overcurrent Elements Exercise Objectives Hands-On Relay Testing Session Overcurrent Elements After completing this exercise, you should be able to do the following: Identify overcurrent element settings. Determine effective

More information

Sequence Networks p. 26 Sequence Network Connections and Voltages p. 27 Network Connections for Fault and General Unbalances p. 28 Sequence Network

Sequence Networks p. 26 Sequence Network Connections and Voltages p. 27 Network Connections for Fault and General Unbalances p. 28 Sequence Network Preface p. iii Introduction and General Philosophies p. 1 Introduction p. 1 Classification of Relays p. 1 Analog/Digital/Numerical p. 2 Protective Relaying Systems and Their Design p. 2 Design Criteria

More information

Power System Protection

Power System Protection I Power System Protection Arun Phadke Virginia Polytechnic Institute 1 Transfor mer Protection Alexander Apostolov, John Apple yard, Ahmed Elneweihi, Robert Haas, and Glenn W Swift 1-1 Ty pes of Transformer

More information

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING OF OVERCURRENT RELAYS

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING OF OVERCURRENT RELAYS POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING OF OVERCURRENT RELAYS Juan Manuel Gers, PhD Protection coordination principles Relay coordination is the process of selecting settings that will assure that the relays

More information

Unit Protection Differential Relays

Unit Protection Differential Relays Unit Protection PROF. SHAHRAM MONTASER KOUHSARI Current, pu Current, pu Protection Relays - BASICS Note on CT polarity dots Through-current: must not operate Internal fault: must operate The CT currents

More information

Protective Relays Digitrip 3000

Protective Relays Digitrip 3000 New Information Technical Data Effective: May 1999 Page 1 Applications Provides reliable 3-phase and ground overcurrent protection for all voltage levels. Primary feeder circuit protection Primary transformer

More information

Catastrophic Relay Misoperations and Successful Relay Operation

Catastrophic Relay Misoperations and Successful Relay Operation Catastrophic Relay Misoperations and Successful Relay Operation Steve Turner (Beckwith Electric Co., Inc.) Introduction This paper provides detailed technical analysis of several catastrophic relay misoperations

More information

CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES

CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SCHEMES 3.1. Introduction Power Transformer is the nerve centre of any power distribution system. The capacity of power transformers is generally decided

More information

g GE POWER MANAGEMENT

g GE POWER MANAGEMENT 745 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS 1 I get a communication error with the relay when I try to store a setpoint. This error can occur for several different reasons. First of all, verify that the address is

More information

Transformer protection IED RET 670

Transformer protection IED RET 670 Gunnar Stranne Transformer protection IED RET 670 Santiago Septiembre 5, 2006 1 Transformer protection IED RET670 2 Introduction features and applications Differential protection functions Restricted Earth

More information

R10. IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTION. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering)

R10. IV B.Tech I Semester Regular/Supplementary Examinations, Nov/Dec SWITCH GEAR AND PROTECTION. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) R10 Set No. 1 Code No: R41023 1. a) Explain how arc is initiated and sustained in a circuit breaker when the CB controls separates. b) The following data refers to a 3-phase, 50 Hz generator: emf between

More information

Detecting and Managing Geomagnetically Induced Currents With Relays

Detecting and Managing Geomagnetically Induced Currents With Relays Detecting and Managing Geomagnetically Induced Currents With Relays Copyright SEL 2013 Transformer Relay Connections Voltage Current Control RTDs Transformer Protective Relay Measures differential current

More information

PIPSPC. Prepared by Eng: Ahmed Safie Eldin. And. Introduction. Protection Control. Practical. System. Power

PIPSPC. Prepared by Eng: Ahmed Safie Eldin. And. Introduction. Protection Control. Practical. System. Power PIPSPC Practical Introduction Power System Protection Control Practical Introduction To Power System Protection And Control Prepared by Eng: Ahmed Safie Eldin 2005 Contents POWER SYSTEMS PRINCIPALS. 1

More information

EASUN REYROLLE LIMITED

EASUN REYROLLE LIMITED OCTOBER 2003 APPLICATION AND COMMISSIONING MANUAL FOR NUMERICAL BIASED DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION RELAY TYPE - MIB202 EASUN REYROLLE LIMITED 1 ISSUE NO : 1 st Issue DATE OF ISSUE : 01-10 - 2003 DEPARTMENT

More information

Data. Dr Murari Mohan Saha ABB AB. KTH/EH2740 Lecture 3. Data Acquisition Block. Logic. Measurement. S/H and A/D Converter. signal conditioner

Data. Dr Murari Mohan Saha ABB AB. KTH/EH2740 Lecture 3. Data Acquisition Block. Logic. Measurement. S/H and A/D Converter. signal conditioner Digital Protective Relay Dr Murari Mohan Saha ABB AB KTH/EH2740 Lecture 3 Introduction to Modern Power System Protection A digital protective relay is an industrial microprocessor system operating in real

More information

BUS2000 Busbar Differential Protection System

BUS2000 Busbar Differential Protection System BUS2000 Busbar Differential Protection System Differential overcurrent system with percentage restraint protection 1 Typical Busbar Arrangements Single Busbar Double Busbar with Coupler Breaker and a Half

More information

Protecting power transformers from common adverse conditions

Protecting power transformers from common adverse conditions Protecting power transformers from common adverse conditions by Ali Kazemi, and Casper Labuschagne, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Power transformers of various size and configuration are used throughout

More information

PJM Manual 07:: PJM Protection Standards Revision: 2 Effective Date: July 1, 2016

PJM Manual 07:: PJM Protection Standards Revision: 2 Effective Date: July 1, 2016 PJM Manual 07:: PJM Protection Standards Revision: 2 Effective Date: July 1, 2016 Prepared by System Planning Division Transmission Planning Department PJM 2016 Table of Contents Table of Contents Approval...6

More information

System Protection and Control Subcommittee

System Protection and Control Subcommittee Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Reverse Power (32), Negative Sequence Current (46), Inadvertent Energizing (50/27), Stator Ground Fault (59GN/27TH), Generator Differential (87G),

More information

ATP modeling of internal transformer faults for relay performance testing

ATP modeling of internal transformer faults for relay performance testing Michigan Technological University Digital Commons @ Michigan Tech Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports 2011 ATP modeling of internal

More information

Bus Protection Fundamentals

Bus Protection Fundamentals Bus Protection Fundamentals Terrence Smith GE Grid Solutions 2017 Texas A&M Protective Relay Conference Bus Protection Requirements High bus fault currents due to large number of circuits connected: CT

More information

Testing Numerical Transformer Differential Relays

Testing Numerical Transformer Differential Relays Feature Testing Numerical Transformer Differential Relays Steve Turner Beckwith Electric Co., nc. ntroduction Numerical transformer differential relays require careful consideration as to how to test properly.

More information

PD300. Transformer, generator and motor protection Data sheet

PD300. Transformer, generator and motor protection Data sheet PD300 Transformer, generator and motor protection Data sheet DSE_PD300_eng_AO No part of this publication may be reproduced by whatever means without the prior written permission of Ingeteam T&D. One of

More information

DISTRIBUTION DEVICE COORDINATION

DISTRIBUTION DEVICE COORDINATION DISTRIBUTION DEVICE COORDINATION Kevin Damron & Calvin Howard Avista Utilities Presented March th, 08 At the 5 th Annual Hands-On Relay School Washington State University Pullman, Washington TABLE OF CONTENTS

More information

This webinar brought to you by the Relion product family Advanced protection and control IEDs from ABB

This webinar brought to you by the Relion product family Advanced protection and control IEDs from ABB This webinar brought to you by the Relion product family Advanced protection and control IEDs from ABB Relion. Thinking beyond the box. Designed to seamlessly consolidate functions, Relion relays are smarter,

More information

Summary Paper for C IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication

Summary Paper for C IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication Summary Paper for C37.243 IEEE Guide for Application of Digital Line Current Differential Relays Using Digital Communication by: Neftaly Torres, P.E. 70 th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers,

More information

Improving Transformer Protection

Improving Transformer Protection Omaha, NB October 12, 2017 Improving Transformer Protection Wayne Hartmann VP, Customer Excellence Senior Member, IEEE Wayne Hartmann Senior VP, Customer Excellence Speaker Bio whartmann@beckwithelectric.com

More information

www. ElectricalPartManuals. com Transformer Differential Relay MD32T Transformer Differential Relay

www. ElectricalPartManuals. com Transformer Differential Relay MD32T Transformer Differential Relay Transformer Differential Relay The MD3T Transformer Differential Relay is a member of Cooper Power Systems Edison line of microprocessor based protective relays. The MD3T relay offers the following functions:

More information

Numbering System for Protective Devices, Control and Indication Devices for Power Systems

Numbering System for Protective Devices, Control and Indication Devices for Power Systems Appendix C Numbering System for Protective Devices, Control and Indication Devices for Power Systems C.1 APPLICATION OF PROTECTIVE RELAYS, CONTROL AND ALARM DEVICES FOR POWER SYSTEM CIRCUITS The requirements

More information

This webinar brought to you by The Relion Product Family Next Generation Protection and Control IEDs from ABB

This webinar brought to you by The Relion Product Family Next Generation Protection and Control IEDs from ABB This webinar brought to you by The Relion Product Family Next Generation Protection and Control IEDs from ABB Relion. Thinking beyond the box. Designed to seamlessly consolidate functions, Relion relays

More information

Verifying Transformer Differential Compensation Settings

Verifying Transformer Differential Compensation Settings Verifying Transformer Differential Compensation Settings Edsel Atienza and Marion Cooper Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Presented at the 6th International Conference on Large Power Transformers

More information

Electrical Protection System Design and Operation

Electrical Protection System Design and Operation ELEC9713 Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Electrical Protection System Design and Operation 1. Function of Electrical Protection Systems The three primary aims of overcurrent electrical protection

More information

POWER SYSTEM PRINCIPLES APPLIED IN PROTECTION PRACTICE. Professor Akhtar Kalam Victoria University

POWER SYSTEM PRINCIPLES APPLIED IN PROTECTION PRACTICE. Professor Akhtar Kalam Victoria University POWER SYSTEM PRINCIPLES APPLIED IN PROTECTION PRACTICE Professor Akhtar Kalam Victoria University The Problem Calculate & sketch the ZPS, NPS & PPS impedance networks. Calculate feeder faults. Calculate

More information

2015 Relay School Bus Protection Mike Kockott March, 2015

2015 Relay School Bus Protection Mike Kockott March, 2015 2015 Relay School Bus Protection Mike Kockott March, 2015 History of Bus Protection Circulating current differential (1900s) High impedance differential (1940s) Percentage restrained differential (1960s)

More information

A Tutorial on the Application and Setting of Collector Feeder Overcurrent Relays at Wind Electric Plants

A Tutorial on the Application and Setting of Collector Feeder Overcurrent Relays at Wind Electric Plants A Tutorial on the Application and Setting of Collector Feeder Overcurrent Relays at Wind Electric Plants Martin Best and Stephanie Mercer, UC Synergetic, LLC Abstract Wind generating plants employ several

More information

Power System Protection Manual

Power System Protection Manual Power System Protection Manual Note: This manual is in the formative stage. Not all the experiments have been covered here though they are operational in the laboratory. When the full manual is ready,

More information

Course 11 Distribution Transformer Applications Instructor: David R. Smith, PE Due: April 24, 2017 (EV), April 25, 2017 (LC)

Course 11 Distribution Transformer Applications Instructor: David R. Smith, PE Due: April 24, 2017 (EV), April 25, 2017 (LC) Name: Course 11 Distribution Transformer Applications Instructor: David R. Smith, PE Due: April 24, 2017 (EV), April 25, 2017 (LC) 1. T F In three-phase four-wire delta systems rated 240/120 volts, sometimes

More information

7SG14 Duobias-M Transformer Protection

7SG14 Duobias-M Transformer Protection 7SG14 Duobias-M Transformer Protection Document Release History This document is issue 2010/02. The list of revisions up to and including this issue is: Pre release Revision Date Change 2010/02 Document

More information

Transformer Differential Protection Lab

Transformer Differential Protection Lab Montana Tech Library Digital Commons @ Montana Tech Proceedings of the Annual Montana Tech Electrical and General Engineering Symposium Student Scholarship 2016 Transformer Differential Protection Lab

More information

Performance Analysis of Traditional and Improved Transformer Differential Protective Relays

Performance Analysis of Traditional and Improved Transformer Differential Protective Relays Performance Analysis of Traditional and Improved Transformer Differential Protective Relays Armando Guzmán, Stan Zocholl, and Gabriel Benmouyal Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Hector J. Altuve

More information

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING EXAMPLE FOR OVERCURRENT RELAYS

POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING EXAMPLE FOR OVERCURRENT RELAYS POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS TADP 641 SETTING EXAMPLE FOR OVERCURRENT RELAYS Juan Manuel Gers, PhD Example - Single Line Example 1 - Data Calculate the following: 1. The three phase short circuit levels on busbars

More information

NOVEL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR ARC FURNACE TRANSFORMERS

NOVEL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR ARC FURNACE TRANSFORMERS NOVEL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR ARC FURNACE TRANSFORMERS Ljubomir KOJOVIC Cooper Power Systems - U.S.A. Lkojovic@cooperpower.com INTRODUCTION In steel facilities that use Electric Arc Furnaces (EAFs) to manufacture

More information

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 9, Phil Tatro Jon Gardell

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 9, Phil Tatro Jon Gardell Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination GSU Phase Overcurrent (51T), GSU Ground Overcurrent (51TG), and Breaker Failure (50BF) Protection NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series

More information

Phase Shifting Transformers. Presented by

Phase Shifting Transformers. Presented by Phase Shifting Transformers Presented by Phase Shifting Transformers (PST s) (a.k.a. Phase Angle Regulators) VS φ S P V V S = X L L X L sin( φ φ ) L S VL φ L PST s are power flow control devices between

More information

NERC Requirements for Setting Load-Dependent Power Plant Protection: PRC-025-1

NERC Requirements for Setting Load-Dependent Power Plant Protection: PRC-025-1 NERC Requirements for Setting Load-Dependent Power Plant Protection: PRC-025-1 Charles J. Mozina, Consultant Beckwith Electric Co., Inc. www.beckwithelectric.com I. Introduction During the 2003 blackout,

More information

PRC Generator Relay Loadability. Guidelines and Technical Basis Draft 4: (June 10, 2013) Page 1 of 75

PRC Generator Relay Loadability. Guidelines and Technical Basis Draft 4: (June 10, 2013) Page 1 of 75 PRC-025-1 Introduction The document, Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination, published by the NERC System Protection and Control Subcommittee (SPCS) provides extensive general discussion

More information

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series July 15, Jon Gardell

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series July 15, Jon Gardell Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Reverse Power (32), Negative Sequence Current (46), Inadvertent Energizing (50/27), Stator Ground Fault (59GN/27TH), Generator Differential (87G),

More information

Protection of Electrical Networks. Christophe Prévé

Protection of Electrical Networks. Christophe Prévé Protection of Electrical Networks Christophe Prévé This Page Intentionally Left Blank Protection of Electrical Networks This Page Intentionally Left Blank Protection of Electrical Networks Christophe Prévé

More information

Power System Fundamentals

Power System Fundamentals Power System Fundamentals Relay Applications PJM State & Member Training Dept. Objectives At the end of this presentation the Student will be able to: Describe the purpose of protective relays Identify

More information

Shortcomings of the Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault function as applied to an Auto Transformer. Anura Perera, Paul Keller

Shortcomings of the Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault function as applied to an Auto Transformer. Anura Perera, Paul Keller Shortcomings of the Low impedance Restricted Earth Fault function as applied to an Auto Transformer Anura Perera, Paul Keller System Operator - Eskom Transmission Introduction During the design phase of

More information

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 16, Phil Tatro Jon Gardell

NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 16, Phil Tatro Jon Gardell Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Phase Distance (21) and Voltage-Controlled or Voltage-Restrained Overcurrent Protection (51V) NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June

More information

IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTION AND COMMISSIONING OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMER RELAYS AT MEDIUM VOLTAGE INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES

IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTION AND COMMISSIONING OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMER RELAYS AT MEDIUM VOLTAGE INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES IMPOVEMENTS IN POTECTION AND COMMISSIONING OF DIGITAL TANSFOME ELAYS AT MEDIUM VOLTAGE INDUSTIAL FACILITIES Copyright Material IEEE Paper No. PCIC-AN84 Charles J. Mozina, P.E. Life Fellow Member, IEEE

More information

O V E R V I E W O F T H E

O V E R V I E W O F T H E A CABLE Technicians TESTING Approach to Generator STANDARDS: Protection O V E R V I E W O F T H E 1 Moderator n Ron Spataro AVO Training Institute Marketing Manager 2 Q&A n Send us your questions and comments

More information

Turn-to-Turn Fault Detection in Transformers Using Negative Sequence Currents

Turn-to-Turn Fault Detection in Transformers Using Negative Sequence Currents Turn-to-Turn Fault Detection in Transformers Using Negative Sequence Currents Mariya Babiy 1, Rama Gokaraju 1, Juan Carlos Garcia 2 1 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada 2 Manitoba HVDC Research

More information

U I. Time Overcurrent Relays. Basic equation. More or less approximates thermal fuse. » Allow coordination with fuses 9/24/2018 ECE525.

U I. Time Overcurrent Relays. Basic equation. More or less approximates thermal fuse. » Allow coordination with fuses 9/24/2018 ECE525. Time Overcurrent Relays More or less approximates thermal fuse» Allow coordination with fuses Direction of Current nduced Torque Restraining Spring Reset Position Time Dial Setting Disk Basic equation

More information

INSTRUCTIONS. GE Protection and Control. 205 Great Valley Parkway Malvern, PA GE K-45307K TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS WITH

INSTRUCTIONS. GE Protection and Control. 205 Great Valley Parkway Malvern, PA GE K-45307K TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS WITH INSTRUCTIONS 205 Great Valley Parkway Malvern, PA 19355-1337 GE Protection and Control GE K-45307K TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAYS WITH PERCENTAGE AN!) HARMONIC RESTRAINT TYPES STD15C and STD16C I Determination

More information

Multi Differential Relay, MDR-2 DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS

Multi Differential Relay, MDR-2 DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS Multi Differential Relay, MDR-2 DESCRIPTION OF OPTIONS Option C4 Block differential current protection Description of option Functional descriptions Parameter list Document no.: 4189340397C SW version:

More information

TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT Page : 1 of 34 Project Engineering Standard www.klmtechgroup.com KLM Technology #03-12 Block Aronia, Jalan Sri Perkasa 2 Taman Tampoi Utama 81200 Johor Bahru Malaysia TABLE OF CONTENT SCOPE 3 REFERENCES

More information

PRC Generator Relay Loadability. Guidelines and Technical Basis Draft 5: (August 2, 2013) Page 1 of 76

PRC Generator Relay Loadability. Guidelines and Technical Basis Draft 5: (August 2, 2013) Page 1 of 76 PRC-025-1 Introduction The document, Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination, published by the NERC System Protection and Control Subcommittee (SPCS) provides extensive general discussion

More information

Tertiary Winding Design in wye-wye Connected Transformers Restricted Siemens Energy 2013 All rights reserved.

Tertiary Winding Design in wye-wye Connected Transformers Restricted Siemens Energy 2013 All rights reserved. Pomona, CA, May 24 & 25, 2016 Tertiary Winding Design in wye-wye Connected Transformers Scope of Presentation > Tertiary vs. Stabilizing Winding? Tertiary vs. Stabilizing Winding? Need for Stabilizing

More information

Transformer Protection

Transformer Protection 1 Presenter Contact Info Wayne Hartmann Senior VP, Customer Excellence Beckwith Electric Company whartmann@beckwithelectric.com 904 238 3844 Wayne is the top strategist for delivering innovative technology

More information

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION GEK-00682D INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION. PRODUCT DESCRIPTION The MDP Digital Time Overcurrent Relay is a digital, microprocessor based, nondirectional overcurrent relay that protects against phase-to-phase

More information

Solutions to Common Distribution Protection Challenges

Solutions to Common Distribution Protection Challenges Solutions to Common Distribution Protection Challenges Jeremy Blair, Greg Hataway, and Trevor Mattson Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Copyright SEL 2016 Common Distribution Protection Problems

More information

Relaying 101. by: Tom Ernst GE Grid Solutions

Relaying 101. by: Tom Ernst GE Grid Solutions Relaying 101 by: Tom Ernst GE Grid Solutions Thomas.ernst@ge.com Relaying 101 The abridged edition Too Much to Cover Power system theory review Phasor domain representation of sinusoidal waveforms 1-phase

More information

Distance Relay Response to Transformer Energization: Problems and Solutions

Distance Relay Response to Transformer Energization: Problems and Solutions 1 Distance Relay Response to Transformer Energization: Problems and Solutions Joe Mooney, P.E. and Satish Samineni, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories Abstract Modern distance relays use various filtering

More information

16 Transformer and Transformer-feeder Protection

16 Transformer and Transformer-feeder Protection Chap16-254-279 17/06/02 9:58 Page 254 Transformer and Transformer-feeder Protection Introduction 16.1 Winding faults 16.2 Magnetising inrush 16.3 Transformer overheating 16.4 Transformer protection overview

More information

PROTECTION of electricity distribution networks

PROTECTION of electricity distribution networks PROTECTION of electricity distribution networks Juan M. Gers and Edward J. Holmes The Institution of Electrical Engineers Contents Preface and acknowledgments x 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Basic principles of

More information

Line Protection Roy Moxley Siemens USA

Line Protection Roy Moxley Siemens USA Line Protection Roy Moxley Siemens USA Unrestricted Siemens AG 2017 siemens.com/digitalgrid What is a Railroad s Biggest Asset? Rolling Stock Share-holders Relationships Shipping Contracts Employees (Engineers)

More information

Power System Protection Part VII Dr.Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Al-Zuhairi. Differential Protection (Unit protection)

Power System Protection Part VII Dr.Prof.Mohammed Tawfeeq Al-Zuhairi. Differential Protection (Unit protection) Differential Protection (Unit protection) Differential Protection Differential protection is the best technique in protection. In this type of protection the electrical quantities entering and leaving

More information

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FAULT FOR STAR DELTA TRANSFORMER USING PSCAD

International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FAULT FOR STAR DELTA TRANSFORMER USING PSCAD Scientific Journal of Impact Factor(SJIF): 3.134 International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development Volume 2,Issue 6, June -2015 e-issn(o): 2348-4470 p-issn(p): 2348-6406 ANALYSIS OF

More information

PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS M-3311A TEST PLAN

PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS M-3311A TEST PLAN PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS M-3311A TEST PLAN Chuck Mozina -- is a Consultant, Protection and Protection Systems for Beckwith Electric and resides in Palm Harbor (near Tampa), Florida.. He is a Life Fellow

More information

Figure 1. Two- and Three-phase MagneX Interrupter.

Figure 1. Two- and Three-phase MagneX Interrupter. Fusing Equipment Two- & Three-Phase MagneX Interrupter Electrical Apparatus 2-33 General The Cooper Power Systems MagneX Interrupter is an overcurrent protective device that protects distribution transformers

More information

Evaluating the Impact of Increasing System Fault Currents on Protection

Evaluating the Impact of Increasing System Fault Currents on Protection Evaluating the Impact of Increasing System Fault Currents on Protection Zhihan Xu, Ilia Voloh GE Grid Solutions, LLC Mohsen Khanbeigi Hydro One Abstract Every year the capacity of power systems is increasing,

More information

Power Station Electrical Protection A 2 B 2 C 2 Neutral C.T E M L } a 2 b 2 c 2 M M M CT Restricted E/F Relay L L L TO TRIP CIRCUIT Contents 1 The Need for Protection 2 1.1 Types of Faults............................

More information

Training Fees 3,300$ per participant including Materials/Handouts, Tea/Coffee Refreshments & International Buffet Lunch.

Training Fees 3,300$ per participant including Materials/Handouts, Tea/Coffee Refreshments & International Buffet Lunch. Training Title POWER TRANSFORMERS Training Duration 5 days Training Venue and Dates Power transformers 5 20-24 May $3,300 Abu Dhabi In any of the 5 star hotel. The exact venue will be informed soon. Training

More information

Power systems Protection course

Power systems Protection course Al-Balqa Applied University Power systems Protection course Department of Electrical Energy Engineering 1 Part 5 Relays 2 3 Relay Is a device which receive a signal from the power system thought CT and

More information

Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Fundamentals

Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Fundamentals Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Fundamentals NERC Protection Coordination Webinar Series June 2, 2010 Jon Gardell Agenda 2 Objective Introduction to Protection Generator and

More information

Differential Protection Optimal differential protection for phase shifter transformers and special transformers

Differential Protection Optimal differential protection for phase shifter transformers and special transformers Differential Protection Optimal differential protection for phase shifter transformers and special transformers Due to the energy transition, a demand for renewable energy sources integration into power

More information

Earth Fault Protection

Earth Fault Protection Earth Fault Protection Course No: E03-038 Credit: 3 PDH Velimir Lackovic, Char. Eng. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 9 Greyridge Farm Court Stony Point, NY 10980 P: (877) 322-5800 F: (877) 322-4774

More information

System Protection and Control Subcommittee

System Protection and Control Subcommittee Power Plant and Transmission System Protection Coordination Volts Per Hertz (24), Undervoltage (27), Overvoltage (59), and Under/Overfrequency (81) Protection System Protection and Control Subcommittee

More information

BE1-87G VARIABLE PERCENTAGE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY

BE1-87G VARIABLE PERCENTAGE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY BE1-87G VARIABLE PERCENTAGE DIFFERENTIAL RELAY The BE1-87G is a single or three-phase solid-state variable percentage differential relay designed to provide selective, high-speed, differential protection

More information

A Current Story When Primary Met Secondary

A Current Story When Primary Met Secondary 1 A Current Story When Primary Met Secondary Genardo Corpuz, Lower Colorado River Authority Swagata Das and Ariana Hargrave, Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. 2350 NE Hopkins Court, Pullman, WA

More information

Height: inches Width: inches Depth: inches, inches. Listings/Certification UL 1053 ANSI C37-90 IEC 255. General Description

Height: inches Width: inches Depth: inches, inches. Listings/Certification UL 1053 ANSI C37-90 IEC 255. General Description 1rcJll Cutler-Hammer New nformation Applications Provides reliable 3-phase and ground overcurrent protection for all voltage levels. Primary feeder circuit protection Primary transformer protection Backup

More information

Impact Assessment Generator Form

Impact Assessment Generator Form Impact Assessment Generator Form This connection impact assessment form provides information for the Connection Assessment and Connection Cost Estimate. Date: (dd/mm/yyyy) Consultant/Developer Name: Project

More information

Protecting Large Machines for Arcing Faults

Protecting Large Machines for Arcing Faults Protecting Large Machines for Arcing Faults March 2, 2010 INTRODUCTION Arcing faults occur due to dirty insulators or broken strands in the stator windings. Such faults if undetected can lead to overheating

More information

BE1-67N GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY FEATURES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES Pages 2-4. APPLICATIONS Page 2

BE1-67N GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY FEATURES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION. FUNCTIONS AND FEATURES Pages 2-4. APPLICATIONS Page 2 BE1-67N GROUND DIRECTIONAL OVERCURRENT RELAY The BE1-67N Ground Directional Overcurrent Relay provides ground fault protection for transmission and distribution lines by sensing the direction and magnitude

More information

IDAHO PURPA GENERATOR INTERCONNECTION REQUEST (Application Form)

IDAHO PURPA GENERATOR INTERCONNECTION REQUEST (Application Form) IDAHO PURPA GENERATOR INTERCONNECTION REQUEST (Application Form) Transmission Provider: IDAHO POWER COMPANY Designated Contact Person: Jeremiah Creason Address: 1221 W. Idaho Street, Boise ID 83702 Telephone

More information

Transmission Lines and Feeders Protection Pilot wire differential relays (Device 87L) Distance protection

Transmission Lines and Feeders Protection Pilot wire differential relays (Device 87L) Distance protection Transmission Lines and Feeders Protection Pilot wire differential relays (Device 87L) Distance protection 133 1. Pilot wire differential relays (Device 87L) The pilot wire differential relay is a high-speed

More information

GENERALS ELECTRIC INSTRUCTIONS POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT PHILADELPHIA, PA. GEK Insert Booklet GEK RESTRAINT CIRCUITS

GENERALS ELECTRIC INSTRUCTIONS POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT PHILADELPHIA, PA. GEK Insert Booklet GEK RESTRAINT CIRCUITS PHILADELPHIA, PA. TYPE STD29C GENERALS ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT 6 RESTRAINT CIRCUITS WITH PERCENTAGE AND HARMONIC RESTRAiNT TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL RELAY GEK 45316 Insert Booklet GEK-45307

More information

No. SSIEC-SEW SHINSUNG. Solid Insulation Eco Load Break Switch (SILO) SILO SERIES 15kV, 27kV 400A, 630A

No. SSIEC-SEW SHINSUNG. Solid Insulation Eco Load Break Switch (SILO) SILO SERIES 15kV, 27kV 400A, 630A SHINSUNG Solid Insulation Eco Load Break Switch (SILO) SILO SERIES 15kV, 27kV 400A, 630A Enhanced Self Healing System General SILO is 3 phase, solid insulated load break switch (LBS) and vacuum interruption

More information