A 2 ENCRYPTION/DECRYPTION ALGORITHM
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2 It. J. Egg. Res. & Sci. & Tech Arulaatham Kadhappa ad Aadh Arul, 2016 Research Paper ISSN Vol. 5, No. 1, February IJERST. All Rights Reserved A 2 ENCRYPTION/DECRYPTION ALGORITHM Arulaatham Kadhappa 1 * ad Aadh Arul 1 *Correspodig Author: Arulaatham Kadhappa arulaatham95@gmail.com We itroduce A 2 ecryptio a simple, secure ecryptio techique usig low mi-etropy. It is a symmetric type ecryptio algorithm which is worig o the basis of dual stage ecryptio. Here the first stage is switch to operatio ad the secod stage is ecryptio ey.the bit wise operatig algorithm will provide the more security.it is basically operated at TCP/IP layer hece it provide higher order security. Due to low latacy ad low memory requiremet it is preferable to embedded ad device based applicatios. Keywords: Low mi-etropy,symmetry type ecryptio,dual stage ecryptio,logical operatios,ecryptio ey INTRODUCTION I the moder world the rapidized developmet of etwor field, the security of the idividual is importat. The existig system is strog but ot eough for the curret view. May real world systems rely for ecryptio o low-etropy or wea secret, most commoly user chose password. However the curret techique is improved by dual stage of ecryptio. Therefore the umber of chaces to get the message from code is give by equatio P() = Where q = 2 3 where μ is legth of the datable Framewor. Assume the value of μ is 3 the the resultat umber of output will be combiatios of ASCII codes ad chace to obtai the right data is x Sice 3 is value of oly three logical operatios the it ca icreased up to 7. So the umber of output chaces is x 1016 ad chace to obtai the output is x Hece the fial equatio is give as =2qxu; P() = 1/(2qxu)=1/ The above equatio is a derived form of Poisso distributio. Where q is umber of logical operatio ad μ is umber of message bits. 1 Departmet of Electroics ad commuicatio Egieerig, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Puducherry, Idia. 2 Departmet of Computer Sciece Egieerig, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Puducherry, Idia. 13
3 METHODS 1. Symmetric Ecryptio A form of crypto system where ecryptio ad decryptio are performed usig the same ey. Let us tae a closer loo at the essetial elemets of a symmetric ecryptio scheme. A source produces a message i plaitext, X=[X1, X2,,XM]. M elemets of X are letters i some fiite alphabet. Traditioally, the alphabet usually cosist of the 26 capital letters. Nowadays, the biary alphabet {0, 1} is typically used. For ecryptio, a ey of the form K = [K1, K2,, KJ] is geerated. If the ey is geerated at the message source, the it must also be provided to the destiatio by meas of some secure chael. Alteratively, a third party could geerate the ey ad securely deliver it to both source ad destiatio. 2. Ecodig methodology Here we use a simple logical operatio for give data which is coverted i to ASCII code ad perform it with ey data to ecryptio. At first we geerate ASCII code for give data iput. We ca switch the logical operatio by Switch ey. The the logical operatio is performed with the ecryptio ey hece the output is obtaied as a ecrypted ASCII code. x() message sequece where () = {m- 0, m 1, m 2,.,m -1 } X[N]=x() ASCII ASCII (ie) x( ) X[ ] The X[]= {M- 0, M 1, M 2,., M -1 } The g(x) is a ey geeratio fuctio the the ey term is Ke. Ke = DTE_REJ_RSA [g(x)] For the defied adversary fuctio S is output crypt data S f [ data, Ke] S 1 mod[ f mod[ f S 1 mod[ f [ X ( ), Ke] [ X ( ), DTE _ REJ _ RSA( g( x))]] 1 [ 0 M For defied Adversary N, DTE _ REJ _ RSA( g( x))] Where f is the operatig logical fuctio DTE Distributio Trasformatio Ecodig Assume [A] is a data to be ecrypted. The fial ey trasfer is doe i the form for (K s, K e ) where the switch is first stage of ecryptio the ecryptio data is at the operatioal level. 3. Switchig Key ( s ) This is simple ey where it perform the operatio hece it is limited which has maximum value of 7 oly. But it is hard core ad perform ecryptio. To perform the operatios of higher stage the combiatioal logical circuits are use which is more ad more effective. 4. Ecryptio Key ( e ) To geerate this ey we use distributio trasformig ecoders (DTE). We tur to buildig a DTE for RSA secret eys. A ey ca geerated of bit legth 2 via rejectio samplig of radom variables P,Q, E (2 e-1, 2 e ). The rejectio criterio for either P or Q distributio of primer uiform the rage of e -1 mod (P 1) (Q 1) for some fixed e typically (65537) yield. Oe straw ma approach is just to Uicode the iput P, Q as a part of (l-2)-bit strigs C the leadig l bit Left implicit J, but it gives a poor DTE. 14
4 However the ecryptio ey is geerated by theorem of DTE. Which is Pm is uiform over primes i [2 e-1, 2 e ] for some e 2 ad RSA REJ DTE be scheme described above. t 1 1 The adverdite (A) 1 e RSA REJ 3 DTE For ay adversary A. 5. Key Trasfer Kowledge about the umber ad legth of messages betwee odes may eable a oppoet to determie who is talig to whom. This ca have obvious implicatios i a military coflict. Eve i commercial applicatios, traffic aalysis, may yield iformatio that the traffic geerators would lie to coceal. [MUFT89] lists the followig types of iformatio that ca be derived from a traffic aalysis attac: Idetities of parters How frequetly the parters are commuicatig Message patter, message legth, or quatity of messages that suggest importat iformatio is beig exchaged The evets that correlate with special coversatios betwee particular parters Aother cocer related to traffic is the use of traffic patters to create a covert chael. A covert chael is a meas of commuicatio i a fashio uiteded by the desigers of the commuicatio facility. Typically, the chael is used to trasfer iformatio i a way that violates a security policy. For example, a employee may wish to commuicate iformatio to a outsider i a way that is ot detected by maagemet ad that requires simple eves droppig o the part of the outsider. The two participats could set up a code i which a apparetly legitimate message of a less tha a certai legth represets biary zero, whereas a loger message represets a biary oe. Other such schemes are possible. The fial ey trasfer is doe i the form for (K s, K e ) where the switch is first stage of ecryptio the ecryptio data is at the operatioal level. 6. Decodig messages Sice it is symmetric ecryptio the decryptio is also the same methodology of ecryptio sice the ey is also idetified. decodig a message data is quite simple. 1 1 MeE M q 2 Let us decode the previous ecrypted data [J] oay here is the ey of (XOR, 11) the performig (74) EXOR with [11] we obtai [65] where it is ASCII code of [A]. 6. Methodology Overview logical diagram flow chart ad programmig algorithm with program output. Key Trasfer Techology 15
5 Logical Bloc Diagram for A 2 Ecryptio/Decryptio Algorithm Switch Key Iput ACII Ge. ASCII Switch Logical operator Ecrypted ASCII Code Ecryptio Key Flow Chart for A 2 Ecryptio/Decryptio Algorithm 16
6 Programmig Output for Ecryptio Decryptio Algorithm PROGRAM LOGIC Ecryptio Algorithm of a 2 Algorithm We are presetig the steps of the ecryptio algorithm of the A2 Algorithm steps are: Step 1: Iput the character ad the ey. Step 2: Covert the previous character to ASCII code. Step 3: It uder goes switch parameter i bitwise operatio. Step 4: Obtai the ASCII code put it as oe character. Step 5: Retur ecrypted text. Decryptio Algorithm of A2 Algorithm We are presetig the steps of the decryptio algorithm of the A2 Algorithm steps are: Step 1: Iput the character ad the ey. Step 2: Covert the previous character to ASCII code. Step 3: It uder goes switch parameter i bitwise operatio. Step 4: Obtai the ASCII code ad put it as oe character. Step 5: Retur decrypted text. DISCUSSION We ow draw all of the results of previous sectio together i a several real time example. A 2 E for Credit Card Numbers, PIN ad CVV s A Credit card umber ow techically as Primary Accout Number (PAN), cosist of 16 decimal digits. Although structure vary somewhat, commoly ie digit costitute the card holder accout umber. Here i this case the message data legth is 9 the the umber of output for K S = 3 is where the chace to get correct pi is
7 A 2 E for Autheticatio We ow show how to apply HE to RSA secret ey by usig the DTE itroduced for autheticatio. I some settigs RSA is use to mae the user s ey readily available to attacers i such authorized access to a remote service usig HTTPS or SSH. The cliet store RSA ey to correspodig remote service. Cosider Theorem 5 of RSA REJ DTE The P Ks, P Ke are over the prime i [2 -l-1, 2 e ] i adversary. I hold that the Adv= A 2 E for secure data trasfer: Sice the above statemet is meat for smaller data.a 2 E algorithm is also meat for large amout of data trasfer regardig. Sice it has low mietropy the ecryptio rate is high ad secured. CONCLUSION I this paper, we desiged a A 2 ecryptio/ decryptio which will provide more security form of algorithms which are i existece still ow. Apart from providig double layer security with complexity of low latecy ad low mi etropy ad cryptography computer difficulties we ca say this algorithm will provided two fold computig as well. Due to this reaso A 2 ecryptio/ decryptio algorithm possess high cofidetial stregth. The presetatio of this algorithm is illustrated with the help of small example usig Turbo C for user iterface. The cost of ecryptio will be comparatively lower tha others which exist i real time. The future wor of aalysis the performace of the algorithm desiged to withstad various cryptaalytic attacs.the embedded iterfacig applicatios i order to use the memory efficietly i the device memory without compesatio of the security ad it is more suitable for real time applicatio due to low latecy. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Our sicere thas to Dr. Dhaushodi, Ph.D, Associative Dea,PRIST UNIVERSITY, Puducherry. Mr. Moha Kumar, M.E, Assistat Professor, Departmet of Electroics ad Commuicatio Egieerig, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Puducherry. Mr. Udhaya Kumar,M.Tech,Assistat Professor, Departmet of Computer Sciece Egieerig, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Puducherry. Mis. Bharathi, M.Tech, Assistat Professor, Departmet of Computer Sciece Egieerig, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Puducherry. Mr. Maoj, B.Tech Studet, Departmet of Electrical ad Electroics Egieerig, PRIST UNIVERSITY, Puducherry. REFERENCES 1. Basics of cryptography from Kiosea.et for ecryptio ad decryptio techiques. 2. Corme T H, Leiserso C E, Rivestad R L ad Stev C (2009), Itroductio to Algorithm, pp , Press, Third Editio. 3. Cryptography & Neetwor security, Willia Stalligs, Pearso Edu. ic. 4. Dooum M R ad Soy Jaudah K M S (2010), Aalytical Compariso of Cryptographic Techiques for Resource Costraied Wireless Security, Iteratioal Joural of Networ Security, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp IJETCAS12-210, Sajeev Dhawa, Alisha Saii, Iteratioal Joural of Emergig 18
8 Techologies i Computatioal ad Applied Sciece (IJETCAS). 6. JVELS ad RISTEN PART, Uiversity Of Wisco Si, IJCES, Ja 29, 2003, versio Nidhi Sighal ad Raia J P S (2011), Comparative Aalysis of AES ad RC4 Algorithms for Better Utilizatio, Iteratioal Joural of Computer Treds ad Techology, July to Aug Issue Programmig Referece from Programmig Simplified ad C Programmer Blogspot for ASCII GENERATOR. 9. Shao C E Comm (1948), Theory of Secrecy Systems, Bell System Techical Joural, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp Yashat Kaetaar, Let us C for resource of C programmig implemetatio. 19
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