Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm with Boost DC-DC Converter for Solar PV System
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1 IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering Volume 2 Issue 08 February 16 ISSN (online): X Performance Evaluation of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm with Boost DC-DC Converter for Solar PV System Ahteshamul Haque Department of Electrical Engineering Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi-25 Abstract Solar Energy is seen as the most reliable source among renewable energy sources (RES). Solar Photovoltaic (PV) is used to convert solar energy into unregulated electrical energy. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is used to extract maximum power from solar PV. Power electronics DC DC converter plays a very important role in implementing MPPT algorithm. The objective of this work is to analyze the working of MPPT technique with boost DC DC converter. The simulation work is done by using PSIM simulation software. Keywords: MPPT, Solar PV, Power Electronics, Boost Converter, PSIM I. INTRODUCTION Energy Crisis and climate change threats leads the researchers to look for alternate sources of energy [1-3]. The world is virtually on the hunt of promising renewable and sustainable sources of energy. In recent years, renewable energy sources like solar, wind, tidal, have attracted the researchers, as it is limitless, non-pollutant and available free of cost. Solar energy is considered as the most reliable source among RES. Due to technological advancement in power electronics and reduction in the manufacturing cost of PV cell, solar energy is becoming more promising source of energy [4-8]. Solar PV exhibits nonlinear characteristics and its efficiency is also low. It becomes essential to extract maximum power from solar PV under all ambient conditions. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm is used to extract maximum power from solar PV [9-]. The MPPT is implemented in the control circuit of Power electronics converters. A converter without MPPT system only regulates the output voltage of PV module, but it does not ensure that PV system is operating at the maximum power point MPP [11]. The operation of MPPT depends on the type of converter used [12-14]. In this paper a boost dc-dc converter is used and the performance of MPPT is evaluated. II. SOLAR PV CHARACTERISTIC Fig. 1: Equivalent model of PV Cell Fig. 2: Solar PV Power Characteristics with different Solar Irradiation level All rights reserved by 260
2 PV cells are the basic element of solar PV system. Modules are formed using these modules. It is further expanded in the form of arrays as per the power requirements. These PV cells exhibit nonlinear characteristics. The output of the PV cell varies with solar irradiation and with ambient temperature. The equivalent circuit model of PV cell given in Fig (1). The characteristic equation of PV cell based on this model is given by equation 1, 2 and 3 [3]. I = Iph Ios {exp [(q/akt) (V + I Rs)] 1} - (V +I*Rs)/Rp (1) Ios = Ior exp [q EGO/ Bk ((1/Tr) (1/T))] [T/Tr] 3 (2) Iph = S [Isc + KI (T- 25)]/0 (3) Where I am the PV module output current, V is the PV cell output voltage, Rp is the parallel resistor, Rs is the series resistor. Ios is the PV module reversal saturation current, A, B are ideality factors, T is temperature ( o C), k is boltzmann s constant, Iph is the light-generated current, q is electronic charge, KI is short-circuit current temperature coefficient at I SC. S is solar irradiation (W/m2), I SC is short-circuit current at 25 o C and 00 W/m 2, E GO is bandgap energy for silicon, Tr is reference temperature and Ior is saturation current at temperature Tr. The plot of solar PV output power is shown in Fig (2). It can be seen that the power and current varies non-linearly with the variation in solar irradiation and with ambient temperature. III. P&O MPPT TECHNIQUE Perturb and observe (P&O) method is a MPPT scheme proposed by researchers. In perturb and observe method the perturbation is applied either in the reference voltage or in the reference current signal of the solar PV. The flow chart of the P&O method is shown in Fig 3. In this chart Y is shown as the reference signal. It could be either solar PV voltage or current. The main aim is to reach to the MPP. To achieve it the system operating point is changed by applying a small perturbation ( Y) in solar PV reference signal. After each perturbation the power output is measured. If the value of power measured is more than the previous value then the perturbation in reference signal is continued in the same direction. At any point if the new value of solar PV power is measured less than the previous one then perturbation is to apply in the opposite direction. This process is continued till MPP is reached. In [8] the P&O method uses the solar PV panel current as a reference signal. The issue with this method is it becomes oscillatory around MPP. Table 1 gives the summary of P&O MPPT method. Table - 1 Summary of the Perturb & Observe MPPT Method Perturbation Change in Power Next Perturbation Positive Positive Positive Positive Negative Negative Negative Positive Negative Negative Negative Negative Fig. 3: Flowchart Diagram of the conventional Perturb & Observe MPPT method All rights reserved by 261
3 IV. BOOST DC DC CONVERTER Fig. 4: Schemtaic of Boost DC DC converter Table 2 Parameters of DC-DC BOOST Converter S.No. Name of the Parameter Values 1 Vin VMPP : when MPP is working 2 MOSFET A, 600V 3 DIODE 12A, 00V 4 Lboost 1mH, 15A Saturation 5 Cboost 00 uf 6 Vo Based on duty cycle expression 7 RLOAD Variable 8 Frequency khz 9 Power Output W The schematic of boost converter is shown in Fig. 4. The specifications of components are shown in Table I. The boost converter is designed to work in continuous conduction mode. The relationship between boost converter input and output is given by: Vo = Vin/ (1-D) (4) V. MPPT WITH BOOST DC-DC CONVERTER Fig. 5: Block Diagram of Boost DC DC converter Fig. 6: MPP Zone on I-V Curve All rights reserved by 262
4 Fig. 7: Rin Vs Duty Cycle Rin = Ro (1-D 2 ) (5) The block diagram of boost dc-dc converter with MPPT is shown in Fig. 5. The MPP zone for boost converter is shown in Fig. 6. The variation of input impedance with duty cycle is shown in Fig. 7. Equation 5 is the relationship between input and out impedances with duty cycle. The MPPT will be working with boost converter between B and C in Fig. 6, where Rload >> R MPP. The MPPT will not be working between A and B. These zones are decided by equation 5. VI. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Pmax (W) 30 0 Po (W) Time (s) Fig. 8: MPP Working for BOOST Converter when RLOAD > RMPP. Pmax (W) Po (W) Time (s) Fig. 9: MPP Failed for BOOST Converter when RLOAD < RMPP. All rights reserved by 263
5 Fig. 8 and 9 are simulation results. Fig. 8 shows that MPPT is working R LOAD > R MPP. The maximum PV power and Load power is almost same. Fig. 9 shows that MPPT is failed when R LOAD < R MPP. The power is much lower than MPP power of solar PV. These results shows that entire PV characteristic cannot be MPPT working zone with boost DC DC converter. VII. CONCLUSION The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the performance of MPPT with boost DC DC converter in terms of MPPT working zone. The MPPT with boost dc-dc converter is analyzed and simulation results are presented. It is evident that MPPT is not function in the entire zone of PV characteristic curve. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The research work of this paper is done by using the instruments purchased under MNRE R&D project sanctioned. REFERENCES [1] Godfrey Boyle, Renewable energy power for a sustainable future, Oxford University Press, 14. [2] Sathish Kumar Kollimalla and Mahesh Kumar Mishra, Variable perturbation size adaptive P&O MPPT algorithm for sudden Changes in Irradiance, IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy, vol. 5, no. 3, pp , Jul. 14. [3] Dezso Sera Laszlo Mathe, Tamas Kerekes, Sergiu Viorel Spataru, and Remus Teodorescu, On the perturb-and-observe and incremental conductance MPPT Methods for PV Systems, IEEE Journal. Photovoltaics, vol. 3, no. 3, pp , Jul. 13. [4] Andrea Montecucco and Andrew R. Knox, Maximum power point tracking converter based on the open-circuit voltage method for thermoelectric generators, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 2, Feb.15. [5] Ian Laird and Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu, High step-up DC/DC topology and MPPT algorithm for use with a thermoelectric Generator, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 28, no. 7, pp , Jul. 13. [6] Kashif Ishaque, Zainal Salam,Muhammad Amjad, and Saad Mekhilef, An improved particle Swarm optimization (PSO) based MPPT for PV with reduced steady-state oscillation, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol. 27, no. 8, pp ,Aug. 12. [7] Moacyr Aureliano Gomes de Brito, Luigi Galotto Jr., Leonardo Poltronieri Sampaio, Guilherme de Azevedo e Melo, and Carlos Alberto Canesin, Evaluation of the main MPPT techniques for photovoltaic applications, IEEE Trans. Industrial Electronics, vol. 60, no. 3,pp ,Mar.13. [8] Tey Kok Soon and Saad Mekhilef, A fast-converging MPPT technique for photovoltaic system under fast-varying solar irradiation and load Resistance, IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics, vol. 11, no. 1,pp , Feb. 15. [9] Carl Ngai-Man Ho, Hannes Breuninger, SamiPettersson, Gerardo Escobar, Leonardo Augusto Serpa, and Antonio Coccia, Practical design and implementation procedure of an interleaved boost converter using SiC diodes for PV applications, IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.27, no. 6,pp , Jun. 12. [] Zaheeruddin, SK Mishra, Ahteshamul Haque, Performance evaluation of modified perturb & observe maximum power point tracker for Solar PV system, Springer Internat. Journal, System assutance engg. & manag. pp. 1-, Jun. 15. [11] R. Seyezhai and B.L. Mathur, Design and implementation of interleaved boost converter for fuel cell systems, internat. Journal,hydrogen energy 37(12) [12] Po-Wa Lee, Yim-Shu Lee, David K. W. Cheng, and Xiu-Cheng Liu, Steady-state Analysis of an interleaved boost converter with coupled inductors, IEEE Trans.Indust. Electronics, vol. 47, no. 4, pp , Aug. 00. [13] G.J. Kish, J.J. Lee, and P.W. Lehn, Modelling and control of photovoltaic panels utilising the incremental conductance method for maximum power point tracking, IET Renew. Power Gener. 12, Vol. 6, Iss. 4, pp [14] A. Haque, Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme for solar photovoltaic system, Taylor & Francis Group, Energy Technology & Policy (14) 1, pp All rights reserved by 264
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