6545(Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March April (2013), IAEME & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)
|
|
- Dorothy Avis Simon
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 INTERNATIONAL International Journal of JOURNAL Electrical Engineering OF ELECTRICAL and Technology (IJEET), ENGINEERING ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET) ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), pp IAEME: Journal Impact Factor (3): 5.58 (Calculated by GISI) IJEET I A E M E FABRY PÉROT INTERFEROMETER PICOSECONDS DISPERSIVE PROPERTIES Elham Jasim Mohammad Physics Department,Collage of Sciences/Al-Mustansiriyah University, Iraq, ABSTRACT Fabry-Pérot interferometers are used in optical modems, spectroscopy, lasers, and astronomy. In this paper we used the coupled mode equation to design the Fabry Pérot interferometers and study the picosecond dispersion. Coupled mode analysis is widely used in the field of integrated optoelectronics for the description of two coupled waves traveling in the same direction. The program is written in MATLAB to simulate and analysis the Fabry Pérot properties. Keywords: Coupled Mode Theory, Fabry Pérot Interferometer, Finesse. I. INTRODUCTION The Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) is a simple device that relies on the interference of multiple beams. The interferometer consists of two parallel semi-transparent reflective surfaces that are well aligned to form an optical Fabry-Perot cavity with cavity length L and refractive index n. When a monochromatic input light enters the Fabry-Perot cavity, two reflections at the two surfaces with amplitudes of A and A are generated respectively as in Figure below: Figure : Basic structure of a Fabry-Perot Interferometer []. 74
2 International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME Thus, the two reflections interfere with each other to produce an interference pattern consisting peaks and valleys as some light constructively interferes and some destructively. The total reflected light intensity can be written as follows for low finesse [,]: 4π nl I = A + A + A A cos( φ ) = A + A + A A cos( ) () λ φ is the relative phase shift between the two light signals. λ denotes the wavelength of the interrogation light source. The basic principle of Fabry-Perot interferometric is quite clear. Changes in the FP cavity length produce a cosine modulation of the output intensity signal. The change of the physical parameter under measurement is converted into a change in the cavity length L and subsequently modifies I. Therefore, those physical parameters changes could be obtained by examining I []. The solid Fabry-Perot interferometer, also known as a single-cavity coating, is formed by separating two thin-film reflectors with a thin-film spacer. In an all-dielectric cavity, the thin-film reflectors are quarter-wave stack reflectors made of dielectric materials. The spacer, which is a single layer of dielectric material having an optical thickness corresponding to an integral-half of the principal wavelength, induces transmission rather than reflection at the principal wavelength. Light with wavelengths longer or shorter than the principal wavelength undergoes a phase condition that maximizes reflectivity and minimizes transmission. In a metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) cavity, the reflectors of the solid Fabry-Perot interferometer are thin-films of metal and the spacer is a layer of dielectric material with an integral halfwave thickness. These are commonly used to filter UV light that would be absorbed by alldielectric coatings [3]. II. PARAMETERS WHICH DEFINE FPI AND DISPERSION COMPUTING USING COUPLED MODE THEORY The Fabry-Perot is a simple interferometer, which relies on the interference of multiple reflected beams [4]. The accompanying Figure shows a schematic Fabry-Perot cavity. Incident light undergoes multiple reflections between coated surfaces which define the cavity. Figure : Schematic of a Fabry-Perot interferometer [4]. 75
3 International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME Each transmitted wavefront has undergone an even number of reflections (,, 4,..). Whenever there is no phase difference between emerging wavefronts, interference between these wavefronts produces a transmission maximum. This occurs when the optical path difference is an integral number of whole wavelengths, i.e., when [4]: m λ = t op cos θ () where m is an integer, often termed the order, t op is the optical thickness, and θ is the angle of incidence. The phase difference between each succeeding reflection is given by δ [5]: π δ = nl cosθ (3) λ If both surfaces have a reflectance R, the transmittance function of the etalon is given by [5]: where: F 4R ( R) ( R) = = (4) T e + R R cosδ + F sin ( δ / ) =, is the coefficient of finesse. Maximum transmission T e = occurs when the optical path length difference nl cosθ between each transmitted beam is an integer multiple of the wavelength. In the absence of absorption, the reflectance of the etalon R is the e complement of the transmittance, such that T e + R e =. The maximum reflectivity is given by [5]: 4R R = = (5) max + F 76 ( + R) and this occurs when the path-length difference is equal to half an odd multiple of the wavelength. The wavelength separation between adjacent transmission peaks is called the free spectral range (FSR) of the etalon, λ, and is given by [5]: λ λ λ = (6) nl cosθ + λ nl cosθ Where, λ is the central wavelength of the nearest transmission peak. The FSR is related to the full-width half-maximum (FWHM), of any one transmission band by a quantity known as π F πr the finesse [5]: f =. Etalons with high finesse show sharper transmission R peaks with lower minimum transmission. At other wavelengths, destructive interference of transmitted wavefronts reduces transmitted intensity toward zero (i.e., most, or all, of the light is reflected back toward the source). Transmission peaks can be made very sharp by increasing the reflectivity of the mirror surfaces. In a simple Fabry-Perot interferometer transmission curve (see Figure 3), the ratio of successive peak separation to FWHM transmission peak is termed finesse [4].
4 International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME Figure 3: Transmission pattern showing the free spectral range (FSR) of a simple Fabry- Perot interferometer [4]. High reflectance results in high finesse (i.e., high resolution). In most Fabry-Perot interferometers, air is the medium between high reflectors; therefore, the optical thickness,, is essentially equal to d, the physical thickness. The air gap may vary from a fraction of a t op millimeter to several centimeters. The Fabry-Perot is a useful spectroscopic tool. It provided much of the early motivation to develop quality thin films for the high-reflectance mirrors needed for high finesse [4]. Assuming no absorption, conservation of energy requires T + R =. The total amplitude of both beams will be the sum of the amplitudes of the two beams measured along a line perpendicular to the direction of the beam. π i+ 3ikl / cos θ ik Thus: l t = RTe, where l is: l = l tanθ sinθ and k = wavenumber. Neglecting the π phase change due to the two reflections, the phase difference between the two beams is: kl = kl cosθ δ. The relationship between θ and θ is given by Snell's law: sinθ n sinθ n =. So that the amplitude can be rewritten as: T t =. iδ Re The intensity of the beam will be just t times its complex conjugate. Since the incident beam was assumed to have an intensity of one, this will also give the transmission function [5,6]: T e * T = tt = (7) + R R cosδ In this study we used the Coupled mode theory to show the Fabry-Perot dispersive properties. Coupled mode analysis is widely used for the design of optical filters and mirrors, which are composed of discrete layers with large differences in the refractive indices (e.g., dielectric multilayer coatings), the coupled-mode approach is hardly considered. Its applicability seems to be questionable because the assumption of a small perturbation is violated in the case of large index discontinuities. Additionally, a lot of powerful analytical design tools based on the coupled mode equations have been developed [7]. In coupled mode equations, π n κ = defines the coupling coefficient for the first order refractive-index variation λ n and λ is the design wavelength [8]. The group delay (GD) is defined as the negative of the derivative of the phase response with respect to frequency [9]. In physics and in particular 77
5 International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME in optics, the study of waves and digital signal processing, the term delay meaning: the rate of change of the total phase shift with respect to angular frequency [,]: dφ GD =. Through dω a device or transmission medium, where φ is the total phase shift in radians, and ω is the angular frequency in radians. The group delay dispersion (GDD) can be determined by [,]: dgd GDD =. dω Fabry-Perot interferometers can be constructed from purely metallic coatings, but high absorption losses limit performance [4]. Furthermore, the Fabry-Perot filter ideally covers a whole communication band, which is typically tens of nanometers large []. III. SIMULATION RESULT AND DISCUSSION From all results below, it got after following these steps:. Calculate the transmittance function, finesse and contrast factor of FPI.. Implementation of the Transfer Matrix method for solution of Coupled Mode equations. 3. Found the phase difference to calculate the amplitude and power transmission coefficient of FPI. 4. Calculate the delay and dispersion of FPI in picoseconds units. 5. Found delay and dispersion analytical results. The dispersive and analysis results for the mean, median, mode and the standard deviation (STD) are tablets in table. There are direct relationship among the reflectance, resolving power and the finesse and as they are shown in the plots that have been shown below. Figure 4 is about the transmitted intensity versus the interference order. It shows the transmittance function for different values of F. Instead of δ, the corresponding interference order δ is noted. Figure 5 is about the finesse and the mirror reflectivity. The finesse is an π important parameter that determines the performance of a FPI. Conceptually, finesse can be thought of as the number of beams interfering within the FP cavity to form the standing wave. The primary factor that affects finesse is the reflectance R of the FP mirrors, which directly affects the number of beams circulating inside the cavity. In Figure 6 we found another important factor in the design of FPI is the contrast factor which is defined primarily as the ratio of the maximum to minimum transmission. Figure 7 show finesse against contrast factor. Figure 8 represents the relationship between the amplitude transmission and the wavelength. Finally, Figure 9 and Figure show the delay and dispersion versus the wavelength after using the transfer function and coupled mode equation. The theoretically designed delay has a small oscillations are visible. Of course, the same behavior can be found for the dispersion. Figure and Figure show the delay and dispersion versus the wavelength after using the transfer function, coupled mode equation and then POLYFIT function. Table show the reflectance and resolving power values for deferent interference order. 78
6 International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME Table The dispersive and statistical analysis: mean, median, mode and the standard deviation. Index Mean Median Mode STD st order Transmittance Function nd order Transmittance Function rd order Transmittance Function Finesse Contrast Factor Amplitude Transmission Power Transmission Delay ps Dispersion ps -.37E-5 -.3E E-5 Fit Delay ps E-5 Fit Dispersion ps -.37E-5 -.4E E E-8 Transmittance Interference Order Finesse Mirror Reflectivity Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 4: Shows the transmitted intensity versus the interference order for various values of transmittance of the coatings. Figure 5: Finesse versus the mirror reflectivity. Not that the transmitted intensity peaks get narrower and the coefficient of finesse increases. When peaks are very narrow in Figure. 3, light can be transmitted only if the plate separationl, refractive index n, and the wavelength λ satisfy the precise relation: δ = πnlcosθ / λ. 79
7 International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME Contrast Factor Mirror Reflectivity Contrast Factor Finesse Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 6: Contrast factor and the mirror reflectivity. Figure 7: Finesse against contrast factor. Very high finesse factors require highly contrast factor. These mean, when finesse increase, contrast factor increase also. Amplitude Transmissin (p.u) Power Transmisson (p.u) Figure 8: The relationship between the amplitude transmission and the wavelength Figure 9: Power transmissions versus the wavelength x Delay (ps) Dispersion (ps) Figure : The relationship between the delay and the wavelength Figure : The relationship between the dispersion and the wavelength 8
8 International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME Delay (ps) Dispersion (ps) -. x Figure : The relationship between the fit delay and the wavelength. Figure 3: The relationship between the fit dispersion and the wavelength. Table The reflectance and resolving power for deferent interference order. Reflectanc e Resolving Power Reflectan ce Resolving Power IV. CONCLUSION The general theory behind interferometry still applies to the Fabry Perot model, however, these multiple reflection reinforce the areas where constructive and destructive effects occur making the resulting fringes much more clearly defined. This paper has presented a theoretical design of Fabry-Perot interferometer. This theoretical design study including dispersion, FSR, finesse and contrast, used to assess the performance of the FPI were discussed. An attempt is made to analyze the factors that control and affect the performance and the design of the FPI versus the parameter that control those factors. Very high finesse factors require highly reflective mirrors. A higher finesse value indicates a 8
9 International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology (IJEET), ISSN (Print), ISSN (Online) Volume 4, Issue, March April (3), IAEME greater number of interfering beams within the cavity, and hence a more complete interference process. The figure show that the linear increase in finesse with respect to contrast increase. The equation and the plots also show that a linear increase in finesse, translates into a quadratic to each other and the average fit delay and dispersion has small oscillations around the design wavelength. The Finesse is the most important parameter, its value depends on the reflectivity of coating parallelism of the etalon mirror and the shape and size of the field stop. REFERENCES [] X. Zhao, Study of Multimode Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometric Fiber Optic Sensor on Biosensing, Ms. C. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, 6. [] R. Fowles, Introduction to Modern Optics, (Dover Publication: New York, 989). [3] Optical Filter Design Application Note. [4] Interference Filters: [5] Macleod H. A., Thin-Film Optical Filters: 3 rd Edition, (Published by Institute of Physics Publishing, wholly owned by The Institute of Physics, London, UK, ). [6] S. Tamir, Fabry-Perot Filter Analysis and Simulation Using MATLAB,. [7] M. Wiemer, Double Chirped Mirrors for Optical Pulse Compression, 7. [8] B. Cakmak, T. Karacali and S. Yu, Theoretical Investigation of Chirped Mirrors in Semiconductor Lasers, Appl. Phys., 5, [9] Adobe PDF-View as html, Definition of Group Delay, 8: [] T. Imran, K. H. Hong, T. J. Yu and C. H. Nam, Measurement of the group-delay dispersion of femtosecond optics using white-light interferometry, American Institute of Physics, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 75, 4, pp [] M. Kitano, T. Nakanishi and K. Sugiyama, Negative Group Delay and Superluminal Propagation: an Electronic Circuit Approach, IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electronics, vol. 9, no., 3. [] Enabling Technologies, chapter. [3] Gaillan H. Abdullah and Elham Jasim Mohammad, Analyzing Numerically Study the Effect of Add a Spacer Layer in Gires-Tournois Interferometer Design, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering & Technology (IJARET), Volume 4, Issue, 3, pp
Theoretical Design of Picoseconds Fabry Pérot Filter and Study the Dispersion using Coupled Mode Equation
International Journal of Physics and Applications. ISSN 974-33 Volume 5, Number (3), pp. 47-57 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Theoretical Design of Picoseconds Fabry Pérot
More informationLecture 04: Solar Imaging Instruments
Hale COLLAGE (NJIT Phys-780) Topics in Solar Observation Techniques Lecture 04: Solar Imaging Instruments Wenda Cao New Jersey Institute of Technology Valentin M. Pillet National Solar Observatory SDO
More informationInternational Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August ISSN Design and analysis Narrowband filters
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 8, August-2013 1854 Design and analysis Narrowband filters Gaillan H.Abdullah *,Bushra.R.Mahdi **, Farah G. *g_altayar@yahoo.com,boshera65m@yahoo.com
More informationIn their earliest form, bandpass filters
Bandpass Filters Past and Present Bandpass filters are passive optical devices that control the flow of light. They can be used either to isolate certain wavelengths or colors, or to control the wavelengths
More informationDispersion and Ultrashort Pulses II
Dispersion and Ultrashort Pulses II Generating negative groupdelay dispersion angular dispersion Pulse compression Prisms Gratings Chirped mirrors Chirped vs. transform-limited A transform-limited pulse:
More informationOptical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Sept. 25, 2017
Optical Communications and Networking Sept. 25, 2017 Lecture 4: Signal Propagation in Fiber 1 Nonlinear Effects The assumption of linearity may not always be valid. Nonlinear effects are all related to
More informationConstructing a Confocal Fabry-Perot Interferometer
Constructing a Confocal Fabry-Perot Interferometer Michael Dapolito and Eric Wu Laser Teaching Center Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY 11794 July 9, 2018 Introduction
More informationAngela Piegari ENEA, Optical Coatings Laboratory, Roma, Italy
Optical Filters for Space Instrumentation Angela Piegari ENEA, Optical Coatings Laboratory, Roma, Italy Trieste, 18 February 2015 Optical Filters Optical Filters are commonly used in Space instruments
More informationModeling and analysis of an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer performance using MATLAB
Modeling and analysis of an extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer performance using MATLAB Sanjoy Mandal, Tarun Kumar Gangopadhyay 2, Kamal Dasgupta 2, Tapas Kumar Basak 3, Shyamal Kumar Ghosh 3 College
More informationElectronically tunable fabry-perot interferometers with double liquid crystal layers
Electronically tunable fabry-perot interferometers with double liquid crystal layers Kuen-Cherng Lin *a, Kun-Yi Lee b, Cheng-Chih Lai c, Chin-Yu Chang c, and Sheng-Hsien Wong c a Dept. of Computer and
More informationPhotonics and Optical Communication
Photonics and Optical Communication (Course Number 300352) Spring 2007 Dr. Dietmar Knipp Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering http://www.faculty.iu-bremen.de/dknipp/ 1 Photonics and Optical Communication
More informationExperimental Physics. Experiment C & D: Pulsed Laser & Dye Laser. Course: FY12. Project: The Pulsed Laser. Done by: Wael Al-Assadi & Irvin Mangwiza
Experiment C & D: Course: FY1 The Pulsed Laser Done by: Wael Al-Assadi Mangwiza 8/1/ Wael Al Assadi Mangwiza Experiment C & D : Introduction: Course: FY1 Rev. 35. Page: of 16 1// In this experiment we
More informationPhysical Optics. Diffraction.
Physical Optics. Diffraction. Interference Young s interference experiment Thin films Coherence and incoherence Michelson interferometer Wave-like characteristics of light Huygens-Fresnel principle Interference.
More informationAchievement of Arbitrary Bandwidth of a Narrow Bandpass Filter
Achievement of Arbitrary Bandwidth of a Narrow Bandpass Filter Cheng-Chung ee, Sheng-ui Chen, Chien-Cheng Kuo and Ching-Yi Wei 2 Department of Optics and Photonics/ Thin Film Technology Center, National
More informationNotes on Laser Resonators
Notes on Laser Resonators 1 He-Ne Resonator Modes The mirrors that make up the laser cavity essentially form a reflecting waveguide. A stability diagram that will be covered in lecture is shown in Figure
More informationPolarization Experiments Using Jones Calculus
Polarization Experiments Using Jones Calculus Reference http://chaos.swarthmore.edu/courses/physics50_2008/p50_optics/04_polariz_matrices.pdf Theory In Jones calculus, the polarization state of light is
More informationDWDM FILTERS; DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
DWDM FILTERS; DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 1 OSI REFERENCE MODEL PHYSICAL OPTICAL FILTERS FOR DWDM SYSTEMS 2 AGENDA POINTS NEED CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS CLASSIFICATION TYPES PRINCIPLES BRAGG GRATINGS
More informationDesign Thin Film Narrow Band-pass Filters For Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) Vol. 1, No. 2, June 2012, pp. 65~70 ISSN: 2252-8814 65 Design Thin Film Narrow Band-pass Filters For Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
More informationPhysics 476LW. Advanced Physics Laboratory - Microwave Optics
Physics 476LW Advanced Physics Laboratory Microwave Radiation Introduction Setup The purpose of this lab is to better understand the various ways that interference of EM radiation manifests itself. However,
More informationAdvanced Features of InfraTec Pyroelectric Detectors
1 Basics and Application of Variable Color Products The key element of InfraTec s variable color products is a silicon micro machined tunable narrow bandpass filter, which is fully integrated inside the
More informationAbsentee layer. A layer of dielectric material, transparent in the transmission region of
Glossary of Terms A Absentee layer. A layer of dielectric material, transparent in the transmission region of the filter, due to a phase thickness of 180. Absorption curve, absorption spectrum. The relative
More information9. Microwaves. 9.1 Introduction. Safety consideration
MW 9. Microwaves 9.1 Introduction Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths of the order of 1 mm to 1 m, or equivalently, with frequencies from 0.3 GHz to 0.3 THz, are commonly known as microwaves, sometimes
More informationCharacterization of Chirped volume bragg grating (CVBG)
Characterization of Chirped volume bragg grating (CVBG) Sobhy Kholaif September 7, 017 1 Laser pulses Ultrashort laser pulses have extremely short pulse duration. When the pulse duration is less than picoseconds
More informationA miniature all-optical photoacoustic imaging probe
A miniature all-optical photoacoustic imaging probe Edward Z. Zhang * and Paul C. Beard Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK http://www.medphys.ucl.ac.uk/research/mle/index.htm
More informationUTA EE5380 PhD Diagnosis Exam (Fall 2011) Principles of Photonics and Optical Engineering
EE 5380 Fall 2011 PhD Diagnosis Exam ID: UTA EE5380 PhD Diagnosis Exam (Fall 2011) Principles of Photonics and Optical Engineering Instructions: Verify that your exam contains 7 pages (including the cover
More informationObservational Astronomy
Observational Astronomy Instruments The telescope- instruments combination forms a tightly coupled system: Telescope = collecting photons and forming an image Instruments = registering and analyzing the
More informationAnalysis of the Tunable Asymmetric Fiber F-P Cavity for Fiber Strain Sensor Edge-Filter Demodulation
PHOTONIC SENSORS / Vol. 4, No. 4, 014: 338 343 Analysis of the Tunable Asymmetric Fiber F-P Cavity for Fiber Strain Sensor Edge-Filter Demodulation Haotao CHEN and Youcheng LIANG * Guangzhou Ivia Aviation
More informationECE 185 ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATION OF LIGHT
ECE 185 ELECTRO-OPTIC MODULATION OF LIGHT I. Objective: To study the Pockels electro-optic (E-O) effect, and the property of light propagation in anisotropic medium, especially polarization-rotation effects.
More informationOPSENS WHITE-LIGHT POLARIZATION INTERFEROMETRY TECHNOLOGY
OPSENS WHITE-LIGHT POLARIZATION INTERFEROMETRY TECHNOLOGY 1. Introduction Fiber optic sensors are made up of two main parts: the fiber optic transducer (also called the fiber optic gauge or the fiber optic
More informationDIODE LASER SPECTROSCOPY (160309)
DIODE LASER SPECTROSCOPY (160309) Introduction The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to illustrate how we may investigate tiny energy splittings in an atomic system using laser spectroscopy. As an
More informationPHY 431 Homework Set #5 Due Nov. 20 at the start of class
PHY 431 Homework Set #5 Due Nov. 0 at the start of class 1) Newton s rings (10%) The radius of curvature of the convex surface of a plano-convex lens is 30 cm. The lens is placed with its convex side down
More informationExperimental Competition
37 th International Physics Olympiad Singapore 8 17 July 2006 Experimental Competition Wed 12 July 2006 Experimental Competition Page 2 List of apparatus and materials Label Component Quantity Label Component
More informationFundamental Optics ULTRAFAST THEORY ( ) = ( ) ( q) FUNDAMENTAL OPTICS. q q = ( A150 Ultrafast Theory
ULTRAFAST THEORY The distinguishing aspect of femtosecond laser optics design is the need to control the phase characteristic of the optical system over the requisite wide pulse bandwidth. CVI Laser Optics
More informationThe electric field for the wave sketched in Fig. 3-1 can be written as
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Light consists of an electric field and a magnetic field that oscillate at very high rates, of the order of 10 14 Hz. These fields travel in wavelike fashion at very high speeds.
More informationDesigning High Reflectivity Omnidirectional Coating of Mirrors for Near Infrared Spectrum ( nm)
Applied Physics Research; Vol. 5, No. 1; 2013 ISSN 1916-9639 E-ISSN 1916-9647 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Designing High Reflectivity Omnidirectional Coating of Mirrors for Near
More informationExercise 8: Interference and diffraction
Physics 223 Name: Exercise 8: Interference and diffraction 1. In a two-slit Young s interference experiment, the aperture (the mask with the two slits) to screen distance is 2.0 m, and a red light of wavelength
More informationBandpass Interference Filters
Precise control of center wavelength and bandpass shape Wide selection of stock wavelengths from 250 nm-1550 nm Selection of bandwidths Available in 1/2 and 1 sizes High peak transmission values Excellent
More informationRecent Developments in Fiber Optic Spectral White-Light Interferometry
Photonic Sensors (2011) Vol. 1, No. 1: 62-71 DOI: 10.1007/s13320-010-0014-z Review Photonic Sensors Recent Developments in Fiber Optic Spectral White-Light Interferometry Yi JIANG and Wenhui DING School
More informationLarge aperture tunable ultra narrow band Fabry-Perot-Bragg filter
Large aperture tunable ultra narrow band Fabry-Perot-Bragg filter Julien Lumeau *, Vadim Smirnov, Fabien Lemarchand 3, Michel Lequime 3 and Leonid B. Glebov School of Optics/CREOL, University of Central
More informationIntroduction to the operating principles of the HyperFine spectrometer
Introduction to the operating principles of the HyperFine spectrometer LightMachinery Inc., 80 Colonnade Road North, Ottawa ON Canada A spectrometer is an optical instrument designed to split light into
More informationSupplementary Figure 1 Reflective and refractive behaviors of light with normal
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1 Reflective and refractive behaviors of light with normal incidence in a three layer system. E 1 and E r are the complex amplitudes of the incident wave and
More informationPrinciples of Optics for Engineers
Principles of Optics for Engineers Uniting historically different approaches by presenting optical analyses as solutions of Maxwell s equations, this unique book enables students and practicing engineers
More informationNOVEL TILTMETER FOR MONITORING ANGLE SHIFT IN INCIDENT WAVES
NOVEL TILTMETER FOR MONITORING ANGLE SHIFT IN INCIDENT WAVES S. Taghavi-Larigani and J. VanZyl Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology E-mail: shervin.taghavi@jpl.nasa.gov Abstract
More informationGIST OF THE UNIT BASED ON DIFFERENT CONCEPTS IN THE UNIT (BRIEFLY AS POINT WISE). RAY OPTICS
209 GIST OF THE UNIT BASED ON DIFFERENT CONCEPTS IN THE UNIT (BRIEFLY AS POINT WISE). RAY OPTICS Reflection of light: - The bouncing of light back into the same medium from a surface is called reflection
More informationCHAPTER 5 FINE-TUNING OF AN ECDL WITH AN INTRACAVITY LIQUID CRYSTAL ELEMENT
CHAPTER 5 FINE-TUNING OF AN ECDL WITH AN INTRACAVITY LIQUID CRYSTAL ELEMENT In this chapter, the experimental results for fine-tuning of the laser wavelength with an intracavity liquid crystal element
More informationKoji Arai / Stan Whitcomb LIGO Laboratory / Caltech. LIGO-G v1
Koji Arai / Stan Whitcomb LIGO Laboratory / Caltech LIGO-G1401144-v1 General Relativity Gravity = Spacetime curvature Gravitational wave = Wave of spacetime curvature Gravitational waves Generated by motion
More informationR.B.V.R.R. WOMEN S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Narayanaguda, Hyderabad.
R.B.V.R.R. WOMEN S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) Narayanaguda, Hyderabad. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS QUESTION BANK FOR SEMESTER III PAPER III OPTICS UNIT I: 1. MATRIX METHODS IN PARAXIAL OPTICS 2. ABERATIONS UNIT II
More informationTunable micro-electro mechanical Fabry Perot etalon
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Theses Thesis/Dissertation Collections 8-1-2011 Tunable micro-electro mechanical Fabry Perot etalon Annette Rivas Follow this and additional works at:
More informationRogério Nogueira Instituto de Telecomunicações Pólo de Aveiro Departamento de Física Universidade de Aveiro
Fiber Bragg Gratings for DWDM Optical Networks Rogério Nogueira Instituto de Telecomunicações Pólo de Aveiro Departamento de Física Universidade de Aveiro Overview Introduction. Fabrication. Physical properties.
More informationNumerical analysis of a swift, high resolution wavelength monitor designed as a Generic Lightwave Integrated Chip (GLIC)
Numerical analysis of a swift, high resolution wavelength monitor designed as a Generic Lightwave Integrated Chip (GLIC) John Ging and Ronan O Dowd Optoelectronics Research Centre University College Dublin,
More informationOrder Overlap. A single wavelength constructively interferes in several directions A given direction can receive multiple wavelengths.
Order Overlap A single wavelength constructively interferes in several directions A given direction can receive multiple wavelengths. Spectral Calibration TripleSpec Users Guide Spectral Calibration TripleSpec
More informationExamination Optoelectronic Communication Technology. April 11, Name: Student ID number: OCT1 1: OCT 2: OCT 3: OCT 4: Total: Grade:
Examination Optoelectronic Communication Technology April, 26 Name: Student ID number: OCT : OCT 2: OCT 3: OCT 4: Total: Grade: Declaration of Consent I hereby agree to have my exam results published on
More informationPart 1: Standing Waves - Measuring Wavelengths
Experiment 7 The Microwave experiment Aim: This experiment uses microwaves in order to demonstrate the formation of standing waves, verifying the wavelength λ of the microwaves as well as diffraction from
More informationDiffraction. Interference with more than 2 beams. Diffraction gratings. Diffraction by an aperture. Diffraction of a laser beam
Diffraction Interference with more than 2 beams 3, 4, 5 beams Large number of beams Diffraction gratings Equation Uses Diffraction by an aperture Huygen s principle again, Fresnel zones, Arago s spot Qualitative
More informationMICROWAVE OPTICS. Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide for the PASCO scientific Model WA-9314B G
Includes Teacher's Notes and Typical Experiment Results Instruction Manual and Experiment Guide for the PASCO scientific Model WA-9314B 012-04630G MICROWAVE OPTICS 10101 Foothills Blvd. Roseville, CA 95678-9011
More informationEXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AN ALL-FIBER MULTIREFLECTOR SPECTRAL FILTER FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS. A Dissertation JONG-SEO LEE
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS OF AN ALL-FIBER MULTIREFLECTOR SPECTRAL FILTER FOR OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS A Dissertation by JONG-SEO LEE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University
More informationChapter 17: Wave Optics. What is Light? The Models of Light 1/11/13
Chapter 17: Wave Optics Key Terms Wave model Ray model Diffraction Refraction Fringe spacing Diffraction grating Thin-film interference What is Light? Light is the chameleon of the physical world. Under
More information6 Experiment II: Law of Reflection
Lab 6: Microwaves 3 Suggested Reading Refer to the relevant chapters, 1 Introduction Refer to Appendix D for photos of the apparatus This lab allows you to test the laws of reflection, refraction and diffraction
More informationOptical RI sensor based on an in-fiber Bragg grating. Fabry-Perot cavity embedded with a micro-channel
Optical RI sensor based on an in-fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity embedded with a micro-channel Zhijun Yan *, Pouneh Saffari, Kaiming Zhou, Adedotun Adebay, Lin Zhang Photonic Research Group, Aston
More informationLecture 2: Interference
Lecture 2: Interference λ S 1 d S 2 Lecture 2, p.1 Today Interference of sound waves Two-slit interference Lecture 2, p.2 Review: Wave Summary ( ) ( ) The formula y x,t = Acoskx ωt describes a harmonic
More informationOPSENS WHITE-LIGHT POLARIZATION INTERFEROMETRY TECHNOLOGY
OPSENS WHITE-LIGHT POLARIZATION INTERFEROMETRY TECHNOLOGY 1. Introduction Fiber optic sensors are made up of two main parts: the fiber optic transducer (also called the fiber optic gauge or the fiber optic
More informationHUYGENS PRINCIPLE AND INTERFERENCE
HUYGENS PRINCIPLE AND INTERFERENCE VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS Q-1. Can we perform Double slit experiment with ultraviolet light? Q-2. If no particular colour of light or wavelength is specified, then
More informationThe potential of dielectric mirrors as key elements in future non-line-of-sight indoor terahertz communication systems
The potential of dielectric mirrors as key elements in future non-line-of-sight indoor terahertz communication systems R. Piesiewicz, K. Baaske, K. Gerlach,. Koch, T. Kürner Abstract We present results
More informationA novel tunable diode laser using volume holographic gratings
A novel tunable diode laser using volume holographic gratings Christophe Moser *, Lawrence Ho and Frank Havermeyer Ondax, Inc. 85 E. Duarte Road, Monrovia, CA 9116, USA ABSTRACT We have developed a self-aligned
More informationMultiply Resonant EOM for the LIGO 40-meter Interferometer
LASER INTERFEROMETER GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATORY - LIGO - CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LIGO-XXXXXXX-XX-X Date: 2009/09/25 Multiply Resonant EOM for the LIGO
More informationvisibility values: 1) V1=0.5 2) V2=0.9 3) V3=0.99 b) In the three cases considered, what are the values of FSR (Free Spectral Range) and
EXERCISES OF OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS BY ENRICO RANDONE AND CESARE SVELTO EXERCISE 1 A CW laser radiation (λ=2.1 µm) is delivered to a Fabry-Pérot interferometer made of 2 identical plane and parallel mirrors
More informationFigure1. To construct a light pulse, the electric component of the plane wave should be multiplied with a bell shaped function.
Introduction The Electric field of a monochromatic plane wave is given by is the angular frequency of the plane wave. The plot of this function is given by a cosine function as shown in the following graph.
More informationPES 2130 Fall 2014, Spendier Lecture 23/Page 1
PS 13 Fall 14, Spendier Lecture 3/Page 1 Lecture today: Chapter 35 Interference 1) Intensity in Double-Slit Interference ) Thin Film Interference Announcements: - Shortened office hours this Thursday (1-1:3am).
More informationAnalysis of Tilted Grating Etalon for DWDM Demultiplexer
Analysis of Tilted Grating Etalon for DWDM Demultiplexer 71 Analysis of Tilted Grating Etalon for DWDM Demultiplexer Sommart Sang-Ngern, Non-member and Athikom Roeksabutr, Member ABSTRACT This paper theoretically
More informationSymmetrically coated pellicle beam splitters for dual quarter-wave retardation in reflection and transmission
University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications Department of Electrical Engineering 1-1-2002 Symmetrically coated pellicle beam splitters for dual quarter-wave retardation
More informationSwept Wavelength Testing:
Application Note 13 Swept Wavelength Testing: Characterizing the Tuning Linearity of Tunable Laser Sources In a swept-wavelength measurement system, the wavelength of a tunable laser source (TLS) is swept
More informationChap. 8. Electro-Optic Devices
Chap. 8. Electro-Optic Devices - The effect of an applied electric field on the propagation of em radiation. - light modulators, spectral tunable filters, electro-optical filters, beam deflectors 8.1.
More informationLecture 21. Wind Lidar (3) Direct Detection Doppler Lidar
Lecture 21. Wind Lidar (3) Direct Detection Doppler Lidar Overview of Direct Detection Doppler Lidar (DDL) Resonance fluorescence DDL Fringe imaging DDL Scanning FPI DDL FPI edge-filter DDL Absorption
More informationDESIGN OF COMPACT PULSED 4 MIRROR LASER WIRE SYSTEM FOR QUICK MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRON BEAM PROFILE
1 DESIGN OF COMPACT PULSED 4 MIRROR LASER WIRE SYSTEM FOR QUICK MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRON BEAM PROFILE PRESENTED BY- ARPIT RAWANKAR THE GRADUATE UNIVERSITY FOR ADVANCED STUDIES, HAYAMA 2 INDEX 1. Concept
More informationHistory of Velocimetry Technology
SAND2012-9001C? History of Velocimetry Technology Brook Jilek Explosives Technologies Group Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM bajilek@sandia.gov The 7th Annual PDV Workshop, Albuquerque, NM
More informationLASER DIODE MODULATION AND NOISE
> 5' O ft I o Vi LASER DIODE MODULATION AND NOISE K. Petermann lnstitutfiir Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universitdt Berlin Kluwer Academic Publishers i Dordrecht / Boston / London KTK Scientific Publishers
More informationCorrelation Demodulation of Output Spectrum of Fabry-Perot Cavity
ISSN 1749-3889 (print), 1749-3897 (online) International Journal of Nonlinear Science Vol.6(2008) No.1,pp.53-58 Correlation Demodulation of Output Spectrum of Fabry-Perot Cavity Yanqun Tong 1, Jun Zhou
More informationStabilizing an Interferometric Delay with PI Control
Stabilizing an Interferometric Delay with PI Control Madeleine Bulkow August 31, 2013 Abstract A Mach-Zhender style interferometric delay can be used to separate a pulses by a precise amount of time, act
More informationABC Math Student Copy. N. May ABC Math Student Copy. Physics Week 13(Sem. 2) Name. Light Chapter Summary Cont d 2
Page 1 of 12 Physics Week 13(Sem. 2) Name Light Chapter Summary Cont d 2 Lens Abberation Lenses can have two types of abberation, spherical and chromic. Abberation occurs when the rays forming an image
More informationFlat Top, Ultra-Narrow Band Pass Optical Filters Using Plasma Deposited Hard Oxide Coatings
Flat Top, Ultra-Narrow Band Pass Optical Filters Using Plasma Deposited Hard Oxide Coatings Alluxa Engineering Staff September 2012 0 1 0.1 1 cav 2 cav 3 cav 4 cav 5 cav 0.01 0.001 635 636 637 638 639
More informationMiniature fiber optic pressure and temperature sensors
Miniature fiber optic pressure and temperature sensors Juncheng Xu 1, Xingwei Wang, Kristie L Cooper, Gary R. Pickrell, and Anbo Wang Center for Photonics Technology Bradley Department of Electrical and
More informationChapter 35. Interference. Optical Interference: Interference of light waves, applied in many branches of science.
Chapter 35 Interference 35.1: What is the physics behind interference? Optical Interference: Interference of light waves, applied in many branches of science. Fig. 35-1 The blue of the top surface of a
More informationFabry-Perot Interferometer
Experimental Optics Contact: Maximilian Heck (maximilian.heck@uni-jena.de) Ria Krämer (ria.kraemer@uni-jena.de) Last edition: Ria Krämer, March 2017 Fabry-Perot Interferometer Contents 1 Overview 3 2 Safety
More informationPh 77 ADVANCED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATOMICANDOPTICALPHYSICS
Ph 77 ADVANCED PHYSICS LABORATORY ATOMICANDOPTICALPHYSICS Expt. 71 Fabry-Perot Cavities and FM Spectroscopy I. BACKGROUND Fabry-Perot cavities (also called Fabry-Perot etalons) are ubiquitous elements
More informationDesign and Analysis of Resonant Leaky-mode Broadband Reflectors
846 PIERS Proceedings, Cambridge, USA, July 6, 8 Design and Analysis of Resonant Leaky-mode Broadband Reflectors M. Shokooh-Saremi and R. Magnusson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University
More informationOptical behavior. Reading assignment. Topic 10
Reading assignment Optical behavior Topic 10 Askeland and Phule, The Science and Engineering of Materials, 4 th Ed.,Ch. 0. Shackelford, Materials Science for Engineers, 6 th Ed., Ch. 16. Chung, Composite
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. GO thin film thickness characterization. The thickness of the prepared GO thin
Supplementary Figure 1. GO thin film thickness characterization. The thickness of the prepared GO thin film is characterized by using an optical profiler (Bruker ContourGT InMotion). Inset: 3D optical
More informationDevelopment of a Low Cost 3x3 Coupler. Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Optical Fibre Vibration. Sensor
Development of a Low Cost 3x3 Coupler Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Optical Fibre Vibration Sensor Kai Tai Wan Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Brunel University London, UB8 3PH,
More informationBasics of INTERFEROMETRY
Basics of INTERFEROMETRY P Hariharan CSIRO Division of Applied Sydney, Australia Physics ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers Boston San Diego New York London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
More informationReview of Semiconductor Physics
Review of Semiconductor Physics k B 1.38 u 10 23 JK -1 a) Energy level diagrams showing the excitation of an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. The resultant free electron can freely
More informationSinusoidal wavelength-scanning interferometer using an acousto-optic tunable filter for measurement of thickness and surface profile of a thin film
Sinusoidal wavelength-scanning interferometer using an acousto-optic tunable filter for measurement of thickness and surface profile of a thin film Hisashi Akiyama 1, Osami Sasaki 2, and Takamasa Suzuki
More informationStudy of a MEMS fiber-optic pressure sensor based on Optical Interferometry
Study of a MEMS fiber-optic pressure sensor based on Optical Interferometry by Pedro Cordero Meza A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree
More informationR. J. Jones College of Optical Sciences OPTI 511L Fall 2017
R. J. Jones College of Optical Sciences OPTI 511L Fall 2017 Active Modelocking of a Helium-Neon Laser The generation of short optical pulses is important for a wide variety of applications, from time-resolved
More informationA broadband achromatic metalens for focusing and imaging in the visible
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Articles https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-017-0034-6 In the format provided by the authors and unedited. A broadband achromatic metalens for focusing and imaging in the visible
More informationLab 12 Microwave Optics.
b Lab 12 Microwave Optics. CAUTION: The output power of the microwave transmitter is well below standard safety levels. Nevertheless, do not look directly into the microwave horn at close range when the
More informationMicro-sensors - what happens when you make "classical" devices "small": MEMS devices and integrated bolometric IR detectors
Micro-sensors - what happens when you make "classical" devices "small": MEMS devices and integrated bolometric IR detectors Dean P. Neikirk 1 MURI bio-ir sensors kick-off 6/16/98 Where are the targets
More informationDispersion in Optical Fibers
Dispersion in Optical Fibers By Gildas Chauvel Anritsu Corporation TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Chromatic Dispersion (CD): Definition and Origin; Limit and Compensation; and Measurement Methods Polarization
More informationCHIRPED FIBER BRAGG GRATING (CFBG) BY ETCHING TECHNIQUE FOR SIMULTANEOUS TEMPERATURE AND REFRACTIVE INDEX SENSING
CHIRPED FIBER BRAGG GRATING (CFBG) BY ETCHING TECHNIQUE FOR SIMULTANEOUS TEMPERATURE AND REFRACTIVE INDEX SENSING Siti Aisyah bt. Ibrahim and Chong Wu Yi Photonics Research Center Department of Physics,
More informationTunable high-finesse narrow bandpass Fabry Perot filter
PAC: 42.79. Ci Tunable high-finesse narrow bandpass Fabry Perot filter V.B. Markov, A.I. Khizhnyak, V. Goren,2, W.B. Cook 3 MetroLaser, Inc., 2572 White Rd., Irvine, CA 9264, UA 2 University of California,
More informationVågrörelselära och optik
Vågrörelselära och optik Kapitel 35 - Interferens 1 Vågrörelselära och optik Kurslitteratur: University Physics by Young & Friedman Harmonisk oscillator: Kapitel 14.1 14.4 Mekaniska vågor: Kapitel 15.1
More information