The Design of 0.35um Smith Sawtooth Generator
|
|
- James Long
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Design of 0.35um Smith Sawtooth Generator Yuan-Paio Lee ChienKuo Technology University, ChungHua, Taiwan, ROC ABSTRACT In this study, the use of the relaxation oscillation theory, successful design improved Smith circuit sawtooth wave generator. The oscillator is used to generate the analog signal having a periodic electronic circuit. Usually by the amplifier circuit, frequency-selective network, both positive and negative type feedback network and Leveled links. The oscillator can be mainly divided into: the harmonic oscillator and relaxation oscillator. In this study, using the National Chip Implementation Center of Taiwan Semiconductor Company standard 0.35μm process, which is two layers of polysilicon and four metal layers. Be improved based on the single-stage operational amplifier, and using cascaded current source, to design a high-gain operational amplifier. High gain operational amplifier with the Schmitt theory is designed sawtooth wave generator. Finally, research to improve sawtooth wave generator RC charging and discharging part, achieve high linearity Smith circuit. Keyword: HSPICE, Smith, RC charge and discharge, OPAMP, sawtooth wave oscillator I. INTRODUCTION Sawtooth has a wide range of uses, such as multi-dof legs robot, telephone quality signals, robust adaptive control, and voltage balancing strategy of a five-level flying capacitor converter.[1-4] Oscillator is used to generate an electronic circuit having a periodic analog signal. The analog signal is usually sine wave or square wave. Oscillator usually is composed by the amplifier circuit, frequency-selective network, both positive and negative type feedback, and network Leveled part of the composition. Low-frequency oscillator (LFO) means to generate a frequency of between 0.1 to 10 Hz AC signal oscillator. It is usually used in audio synthesis, and used to distinguish the audio oscillator. The oscillator can be mainly divided into the following two groups: the harmonic oscillator and the relaxation oscillator. The basic principle of the harmonic oscillator is the output of the filter to the amplifier, again the output of the amplifier through the feedback circuit connected back to the input of the filter. Instantly, when the power supplied, the 1
2 amplifier output is only noise. The noise is transmitted to the filter, so that the noise of a specific frequency to be filtered out, and appears in the output of the filter. Also received the input of the amplifier because the output of the filter, so the filtered signal is amplified through an amplifier, and then into the filter circuit filtering, until the output signal is just until the signal that we want. The piezoelectric effect of the crystal (usually refers quartz) can be used as the filter and the amplifier is coupled. This oscillator is referred to as a crystal oscillator. It has a fairly stable oscillation frequency. Implement the harmonic oscillator, can be used with different amplification and filtering, so there are many different implementation method: Hartley oscillator, Colpitts oscillator, Clapp oscillator, Pierce crystal oscillators, the phase shift oscillator, RC oscillator (Wien-Bridge oscillator with a double T) LC oscillator. The relaxation oscillator is mainly used to produce non-sine wave output signal, such as a square wave or sawtooth wave. The relaxation oscillator containing a periodic nonlinear element such as transistors like the energy stored in a capacitor or inductor released so that the output signal waveforms instantly change. Relaxation produces a square wave oscillator can be used in the clock signals of the sequential logic circuit (such as: timers, counters), although usually will often choose the more stable crystal oscillator clock signal. Output sawtooth wave generator (or sawtooth) is usually used in time-based signal generated in an oscilloscope or cathode ray tube television horizontal reflector. In the frequency generator, the sawtooth wave is also used to integer close to a sine wave signal to output. The relaxation oscillator is a multivibrator (complex oscillator). 555 of the timing of integrated circuits is a very versatile integrated circuit, a lot of the sawtooth wave generated by it. In 197, Signetics Corporation creates the future of the first to come out timer dedicated IC, 555. Since price is low, therefore, the chip is widely used in automatic control circuit. The chip, 555, of the interior is composed of many transistors, diodes and resistors. For application-specific integrated circuit and does not need detailed study its internal circuit action principles, just to understand its pin function can be applied easily. Nevertheless, Integrated circuit design, coupled with a 555 timer plot circuit very space and totally inconsistent with the principles of the chip design and production costs. In this study, the use of the National Chip Implementation Center, CIC, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufactor Co., TSMC standard 0.35μm process, it is two layers of polysilicon and four metal layers (P4M:-Polysilicon 4-Metal). Based on the single-stage operational amplifier to be improved and use of the cascade current source
3 (Cascade Current Mirror), the design of the high-gain operational amplifier, with a Schmitt circuit design sawtooth wave generator. Finally, improved Smith circuit sawtooth wave generator generates a sawtooth wave of high linearity. A total of six sections in this article: the first section is the introduction. Section two is Introduction to the use of differential configuration op amp. The third quarter is to explore research Schmitt circuit. The fourth quarter results and discussion; the constructivist design Schmitt circuits and improved, and attach the simulation results. Finally, Section V is the conclusion. II. OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER Operational amplifier (OP, OPA, OPAMP) is a DC-coupled, differential mode input, usually for a single-ended output, high gain voltage amplifier. Operational amplifier is widely used in home appliances, industries, and scientific instrumentation field. In the current technology, many operational amplifiers are built by CMOS devices. In the application, the operational amplifier can be divided into a negative feedback configuration, as well as positive feedback impedance. Negative feedback impedance magnification sacrificed in exchange for the stability of the circuit work also inhibited the many benefits of the external noise interference. Positive feedback impedance compared to the need to generate shock signal system, which is fairly common of the components. [5, 6] The basic operation of core of the operational amplifier, a differential pairs, is as shown in Figure 1 basic differential pair. Differential amplification of the most important as a voltage amplifier, its basic operation can be divided into operating differential mode and common mode operation, the overlap of the differential amplifier characteristics are manifested. As long as the differential amplifier pair coupled with a power amplifier circuit, it will become the operational amplifier of a CMOS element. (1) I SS is current source () when V out 1 = V out, flowing through M 1 and M the bias current is I SS transistor (3) The output common-mode level is V DD R D I SS OPAMP V in1 R D V out1 OPERATION V DD M1 M R D V out V in Figure 1 basic differential pair COMMON-MODE Figure shows a basic differential 3
4 pair, the differential amplifier to the two input terminal pairs, and received on a common mode signal V in,cm i.e. V out 1 = V out = V in,cm, such as Figure common-mode input differential pair, and the transistor is symmetrical, so obtainedv out 1 = V out. (1) WhenV in,cm = 0, then thei D1 = I D = 0, andv out 1 = V out = 0, the signal is not enlarged. () When V in,cm increases, V out 1 and V out remains fixed, if V in,cm > V out 1 + V TH = V DD R D I SS +V TH,M1 and M will enter triode region. V DD higher, allows the smaller the output amplitude. For this reason, choose low V in,cm is ideal, but the common-mode signals are often from the noise, before a configuration can be easily achieved. OPAMP DIFFERENTIAL-MODE OPERATION Figure shows a basic differential pair, the two inputs of differential amplifier pair, each connected to a different source i.e.v out 1 V out, shown in Figure 3 differential-mode input differential pair. (1) Assumptions R D1 = R D = R D, V out 1 V out = R D I D R D1 I D1 = R D (I D I D1 ) R D V out1 R D V out () Deduced I D1 and I D, and V in,cm M1 M assuming that the circuit is V b M3 Figure common-mode input differential pair symmetrical, and M1 M is located in the saturation region and 0. V DD Broadly speaking, V in,cm of the allowable range values can be the following inequality is limited:v GS 1 + V GS 3 V TH 3 V in,cm min (V DD V in1 R D1 V out1 M1 M X R D V out V in R D I SS + V TH V DD ). When M 1 and M I SS located in the saturated zone, the maximum value of each outputv DD, a minimum value of approximately V in,cm V TH. In other words, the input common mode level Figure 3 differential-mode input differential pair V GS = I D W + V TH μ n C ox L So, the above equation could be arranged 4
5 to: V in 1 V in = I D 1 μ n C ox W L I D μ n C ox W L Finally, in a series of calculations and obtain: I D1 I D = 1 μ W nc ox L (V in 1 V in ) 4I SS μ n C ox W L (V in 1 V in ) It can be learned from the conclusions of the analysis, ΔI D depends on the ΔV in. When ΔV in increase, ΔI D will increase, due to outside the square of the equation. III. SCHMITT COMPARES THEORY Inverting hysteresis theory V S R i R 1 V ref - + V CC V CC R E sat E sat VTL (a) (b) 0 VTH Figure 4(a) inverting the hysteresis comparator circuit, and 4 (B) conversion characteristic curve Shown in Figure 4(a) inverting the hysteresis comparator circuit, and 4 (B) conversion characteristic curve when V S right, which increased VTH and decreased V TL. When V R 0, V TH and VTL exactly equal positive and negative voltage under symmetrical. And H will not be changed as the reference voltage VR change. V TH = R R 1 + R V R + R 1 R 1 + R E sat V TL = R R 1 + R V R R 1 R 1 + R E sat So: ΔH = V TH V TL = R 1 R 1 + R (E sat ) Positive phase hysteresis theory In Figure 5(a) the relative hysteresis comparator circuit, and 5(b) conversion characteristic curve, which shows that when the comparator for the same phase, then the difference with inverted is as follows: ifv s > V TH,V o = +E sat ; and if V s < V TH, V o = E sat. Those mean V o and V s have the same polarity. V TH = + R 1 E R sat + R 1 + R V R R V TL = R 1 E R sat + R 1 + R V R R Therefore: ΔH = V TH V TL = R 1 R (E sat ) V R 0, VTH and V TL is going to the 5
6 V CC E sat Figure 7 Schmitt sawtooth wave oscillator V ref R i - + R VTL 0 VTH V S Vcc R 1 V CC V S E sat M10 M11 (a) (b) Figure 5(a) the relative hysteresis comparator circuit, and 5(b) conversion characteristic curve M1 M14 M13 M15 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION M16 M17 output In the research, the design idea of a sawtooth wave generator contains phase hysteresis theory, RC charge and discharge theory, and Schmitt theory, shown in Figure 6 RC charge-discharge and Schmitt positive phase hysteresis circuit. R C V out V CC V ref R 1 R i - + V CC V CC Figure 6 RC charge-discharge and Schmitt positive phase hysteresis circuit 3V DC Vout RT R0 R CT M09 R1 To Opamp Vo To Opamp V+ R To Opamp Vo To Opamp V- Vref Figure 8 Current mirror The principle for the use of the RC charging theory, the current through resistor R continues to charge the capacitor C. When the voltage of the capacitor C is increased from zero to the target value, Schmitt positive phase hysteresis circuit also reachesv TH, i.e. its output V o is changed from low potential to high potential, while the MOS switching fast discharge the capacitor C voltage is zero. After the capacitor C voltage is zero, MOS switch presents an open circuit condition, the RC charge-discharge circuit to start charging. Figure 7 Schmitt sawtooth wave oscillator, wherein the left-most resistor RT, CT RC charging circuit; R, M09, D0 as a RC discharge circuit; R0, R1, and Vref is a Schmitt circuit. Figure 8 Current mirror, by M10, M11, M1, 6
7 M13, M14, M15, M16, and M17 of the current mirror constituted by the MOSFET. Opamp, The M00, M01, M0, M03, M04, M05, M06, M07, and M08 constitute the operational amplifier, as shown in Figure 9 Opamp. MOSFET switch gate. Vcc M0 M03 V+ To 電電電 M00 M04 M01 Vref M05 M06 M07 M08 Vo Figure 11 internal square wave pattern in sawtooth wave generator HSPICE program.subckt smith Vout vo UV LV VDD GND Figure 9 Opamp Vr V1 GND DC +1.8V R0 Vout 1 50K R1 1 vo 100K R Vout 10 M18 Vout UV VDD VDD pch L=0.35U W=160U CT Vout GND 0.05nF IC=0V D0 vo 7 NDIO M VT GND nch L=0.35U W=10U *G: Opamp V+ Figure 10 the output of sawtooth wave generator Figure 10 the output of sawtooth wave generator in the research, because the RC charge-discharge generated in the time constant is higher, the waveform is slightly saturated. But RC charge and discharge circuit structure is relatively simple, cheaper production costs circuit; there is still the actual benefit. Figure 11 is an internal square wave pattern of the sawtooth wave generator supplied to discharge the M01 5 V1 VT GND nch L=0.35U W=10U *G: Opamp V- M0 4 4 VDD VDD pch L=0.35U W=10U M VDD VDD pch L=0.35U W=10U M04 VT LV GND GND nch L=0.35U W=10U M VDD VDD pch L=0.35U W=55U M06 6 LV GND GND nch L=0.35U W=55U M07 VO 6 VDD VDD pch L=0.35U W=5U M08 VO 6 GND GND nch L=0.35U W=65U M09 7 GND GND nch L=0.35U W=30U.ends.subckt CMirror UV LV VDD GND M10 UV UV VDD VDD pch L=0.35U W=10U M11 9 UV VDD VDD pch L=0.35U W=10U M1 UV GND pch L=0.35U W=10U M GND pch L=0.35U W=10U 7
8 M GND nch L=0.35U W=10U M LV GND nch L=0.35U W=10U M16 13 LV GND GND nch L=0.35U W=10U M17 LV LV GND GND nch L=0.35U W=10U.ends software and component parameters required resources. And the founding of the University of Science and Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering integrated circuit simulation and design laboratory, provision of computer equipment and technical guidance. Figure 1 IC Circuit layout V. CONCLUSION The Figure 1 IC Circuit layout oriented papers referred to the two kinds of circuit aggregate together the layout, the total area for 1181μm x 107μm. In this thesis, a 0.35-micron process proposed by Taiwan Semiconductor Co., Ltd., the improved design Schmitt sawtooth wave generator has made great improvements in the high voltage saturation phenomenon. Of course, there are still space efforts, pending further research and improvement. VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The depth to thank the National Chip Implementation Center (CIC, National Chip Implementation Center) to provide free research simulation Reference [1] J. J. Bolder, G. Witvoet, M. R. De Baar, N. Van de Wouw, M. A. M. Haring, E. Westerhof, N. J. Doelman, and M. Steinbuch, "Robust adaptive control of the sawtooth instability in nuclear fusion." pp [] A. Camacho, "On the use of auditory models' elements to enhance a sawtooth waveform inspired pitch estimator on telephone-quality signals." pp [3] A. M. Y. M. Ghias, J. Pou, M. Ciobotaru, and V. G. Agelidis, "Voltage balancing strategy for a five-level flying capacitor converter using phase disposition PWM with sawtooth-shaped carriers." pp [4] Chang Yi-chu, and Kim Won-Jong, Aquatic Ionic-Polymer-Metal-Composite Insectile Robot With Multi-DOF 8
9 Legs, Mechatronics, IEEE/ASME Transactions on, vol. 18, no., pp , 013. [5] Adel S. Sedra, and Kenneth Carless Smith, Microelectronic circuits, International 6th ed., New York: Oxford University Press, 011. [6] Pei-Yong Xiao, and Meng-Xian Wu, Hspice analysis and simulation of integrated circuit design Introduction (second edition), Taiwan: Tung Hwa Book Co., LTD,
Transistor Digital Circuits
Recapitulation Transistor Digital Circuits The transistor Operating principle and regions Utilization of the transistor Transfer characteristics, symbols Controlled switch model BJT digital circuits MOSFET
More informationV out A v. Feedback Circuit
Oscillators V out A v Feedback Circuit Figure.: Positive Feed Back The feedback network in an oscillator an input to the amplifier, which in turn an input to the feedback network. Since positive feedback
More informationThe steeper the phase shift as a function of frequency φ(ω) the more stable the frequency of oscillation
It should be noted that the frequency of oscillation ω o is determined by the phase characteristics of the feedback loop. the loop oscillates at the frequency for which the phase is zero The steeper the
More informationFacility of Engineering. Biomedical Engineering Department. Medical Electronic Lab BME (317) Post-lab Forms
Facility of Engineering Biomedical Engineering Department Medical Electronic Lab BME (317) Post-lab Forms Prepared by Eng.Hala Amari Spring 2014 Facility of Engineering Biomedical Engineering Department
More informationPHYS225 Lecture 18. Electronic Circuits
PHYS225 Lecture 18 Electronic Circuits Oscillators and Timers Oscillators & Timers Produce timing signals to initiate measurement Periodic or single pulse Periodic output at known (controlled) frequency
More informationMicroelectronic Circuits
SECOND EDITION ISHBWHBI \ ' -' Microelectronic Circuits Adel S. Sedra University of Toronto Kenneth С Smith University of Toronto HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON, INC. New York Chicago
More informationTable of Contents Lesson One Lesson Two Lesson Three Lesson Four Lesson Five PREVIEW COPY
Oscillators Table of Contents Lesson One Lesson Two Lesson Three Introduction to Oscillators...3 Flip-Flops...19 Logic Clocks...37 Lesson Four Filters and Waveforms...53 Lesson Five Troubleshooting Oscillators...69
More informationGOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA KARNATAKA STATE PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD II YEAR PUC EXAMINATION MARCH-2013 SCHEME OF VALUATION
GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA KARNATAKA STATE PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD II YEAR PUC EXAMINATION MARCH-03 SCHEME OF VALUATION Subject Code: 0 Subject: PART - A 0. What does the arrow mark indicate
More information21/10/58. M2-3 Signal Generators. Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard s 1 st product (1939) US patent No HP 200A s schematic
M2-3 Signal Generators Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard s 1 st product (1939) US patent No.2267782 1 HP 200A s schematic 2 1 The basic structure of a sinusoidal oscillator. A positive feedback loop is formed
More informationElectronic PRINCIPLES
MALVINO & BATES Electronic PRINCIPLES SEVENTH EDITION Chapter 22 Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuits Topics Covered in Chapter 22 Comparators with zero reference Comparators with non-zero references Comparators
More information55:041 Electronic Circuits
55:041 Electronic Circuits Oscillators Sections of Chapter 15 + Additional Material A. Kruger Oscillators 1 Stability Recall definition of loop gain: T(jω) = βa A f ( j) A( j) 1 T( j) If T(jω) = -1, then
More informationPreface... Chapter 1. Nonlinear Two-terminal Devices... 1
Preface........................................... xi Chapter 1. Nonlinear Two-terminal Devices.................... 1 1.1. Introduction..................................... 1 1.2. Example of a nonlinear
More informationENE/EIE 211 : Electronic Devices and Circuit Design II Lecture 1: Introduction
ENE/EIE 211 : Electronic Devices and Circuit Design II Lecture 1: Introduction 1/14/2018 1 Course Name: ENE/EIE 211 Electronic Devices and Circuit Design II Credits: 3 Prerequisite: ENE/EIE 210 Electronic
More informationCHAPTER 3: OSCILLATORS AND WAVEFORM-SHAPING CIRCUITS
CHAPTER 3: OSCILLATORS AND WAVEFORM-SHAPING CIRCUITS In the design of electronic systems, the need frequently arises for signals having prescribed standard waveforms (e.g., sinusoidal, square, triangle,
More informationBHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
BHARATHIDASAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING EC6401 - ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - II QUESTION BANK II- YEAR IV SEM ACDEMIC YEAR: 2016-2017 EVEN SEMESTER EC6401 ELECTRONIC
More informationSignal Generators and Waveform-Shaping Circuits
CHAPTER 18 Signal Generators and Waveform-Shaping Circuits Figure 18.1 The basic structure of a sinusoidal oscillator. A positive-feedback loop is formed by an amplifier and a frequency-selective network.
More informationHIGH LOW Astable multivibrators HIGH LOW 1:1
1. Multivibrators A multivibrator circuit oscillates between a HIGH state and a LOW state producing a continuous output. Astable multivibrators generally have an even 50% duty cycle, that is that 50% of
More informationGATE: Electronics MCQs (Practice Test 1 of 13)
GATE: Electronics MCQs (Practice Test 1 of 13) 1. Removing bypass capacitor across the emitter leg resistor in a CE amplifier causes a. increase in current gain b. decrease in current gain c. increase
More informationEE301 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS CHAPTER 2 : OSCILLATORS. Lecturer : Engr. Muhammad Muizz Bin Mohd Nawawi
EE301 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS CHAPTER 2 : OSCILLATORS Lecturer : Engr. Muhammad Muizz Bin Mohd Nawawi 2.1 INTRODUCTION An electronic circuit which is designed to generate a periodic waveform continuously at
More informationOscillators are electronic circuits that produce a constant oscillating signal that can be a sinusoid, a square wave or a triangular wave.
Oscillators Oscillators are electronic circuits that produce a constant oscillating signal that can be a sinusoid, a square wave or a triangular wave. Oscillators are classified as linear or harmonic oscillators
More informationStudy of Differential Amplifier using CMOS
Study of Differential Amplifier using CMOS Mr. Bhushan Bangadkar PG Scholar Mr. Amit Lamba Assistant Professor Mr. Vipin Bhure Assistant Professor Electronics and Communication Electronics and Communication
More informationDEFINITION: Classification of oscillators Based on the frequency generated Oscillator type Frequency range
DEFINITION: An oscillator is just an electronic circuit which converts dc energy into AC energy of required frequency. (Or) An oscillator is an electronic circuit which produces an ac output without any
More informationDifference between BJTs and FETs. Junction Field Effect Transistors (JFET)
Difference between BJTs and FETs Transistors can be categorized according to their structure, and two of the more commonly known transistor structures, are the BJT and FET. The comparison between BJTs
More informationFacility of Engineering. Biomedical Engineering Department. Medical Electronic Lab BME (317) Pre-Report Forms
Facility of Engineering Biomedical Engineering Department Medical Electronic Lab BME (317) Pre-Report Forms Prepared by Eng.Hala Amari Spring 2014 Facility of Engineering Biomedical Engineering Department
More informationFig 1: The symbol for a comparator
INTRODUCTION A comparator is a device that compares two voltages or currents and switches its output to indicate which is larger. They are commonly used in devices such as They are commonly used in devices
More informationmultiplier input Env. Det. LPF Y (Vertical) VCO X (Horizontal)
Spectrum Analyzer Objective: The aim of this project is to realize a spectrum analyzer using analog circuits and a CRT oscilloscope. This interface circuit will enable to use oscilloscopes as spectrum
More informationChapter 13 Oscillators and Data Converters
Chapter 13 Oscillators and Data Converters 13.1 General Considerations 13.2 Ring Oscillators 13.3 LC Oscillators 13.4 Phase Shift Oscillator 13.5 Wien-Bridge Oscillator 13.6 Crystal Oscillators 13.7 Chapter
More informationLINEAR IC APPLICATIONS
1 B.Tech III Year I Semester (R09) Regular & Supplementary Examinations December/January 2013/14 1 (a) Why is R e in an emitter-coupled differential amplifier replaced by a constant current source? (b)
More informationAn active filter offers the following advantages over a passive filter:
ACTIVE FILTERS An electric filter is often a frequency-selective circuit that passes a specified band of frequencies and blocks or attenuates signals of frequencies outside this band. Filters may be classified
More informationOBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS Q.1 The breakdown mechanism in a lightly doped p-n junction under reverse biased condition is called (A) avalanche breakdown. (B) zener breakdown. (C) breakdown by tunnelling.
More informationYuan-Piao Lee Te-Hsiu Chen Chienkuo Technology University, ChungHua, Taiwan, ROC
Select the MODEL set HSPICE simulation results Yuan-Piao Lee Te-Hsiu Chen Chienkuo Technology University, ChungHua, Taiwan, ROC ABSTRACT To the the HSPICE design of circuit is quite convenient, this paper
More informationFeedback and Oscillator Circuits
Chapter 14 Chapter 14 Feedback and Oscillator Circuits Feedback Concepts The effects of negative feedback on an amplifier: Disadvantage Lower gain Advantages Higher input impedance More stable gain Improved
More informationPreliminary Exam, Fall 2013 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, Irvine EECS 170B
Preliminary Exam, Fall 2013 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California, Irvine EECS 170B Problem 1. Consider the following circuit, where a saw-tooth voltage is applied
More informationEMT212 Analog Electronic II. Chapter 4. Oscillator
EMT Analog Electronic II Chapter 4 Oscillator Objectives Describe the basic concept of an oscillator Discuss the basic principles of operation of an oscillator Analyze the operation of RC, LC and crystal
More information0. Introduction to Microelectronic Circuits
0. Introduction to Microelectronic Circuits S. S. Dan and S. R. Zinka Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering BITS Pilani, Hyderbad Campus January 18, 2016 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Course Contents
More informationChapter 8 Differential and Multistage Amplifiers
1 Chapter 8 Differential and Multistage Amplifiers Operational Amplifier Circuit Components 2 1. Ch 7: Current Mirrors and Biasing 2. Ch 9: Frequency Response 3. Ch 8: Active-Loaded Differential Pair 4.
More informationDesign of a Low Power, High Performance BICMOS Current-limiting Circuit for DC-DC Converter Application
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 3, NO. 4, 27 368 Design of a Low Power, High Performance BICMOS Current-limiting Circuit for DC-DC Converter Application Hongbo Ma and Quanyuan Feng Institute of Microelectronics, Southwest
More informationChapter 16: Oscillators
Chapter 16: Oscillators 16.1: The Oscillator Oscillators are widely used in most communications systems as well as in digital systems, including computers, to generate required frequencies and timing signals.
More informationOperational Amplifiers
Fundamentals of op-amp Operation modes Golden rules of op-amp Op-amp circuits Inverting & non-inverting amplifier Unity follower, integrator & differentiator Introduction An operational amplifier, or op-amp,
More informationChapter 13: Comparators
Chapter 13: Comparators So far, we have used op amps in their normal, linear mode, where they follow the op amp Golden Rules (no input current to either input, no voltage difference between the inputs).
More informationEC202- ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS II Unit- I -FEEEDBACK AMPLIFIER
EC202- ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS II Unit- I -FEEEDBACK AMPLIFIER 1. What is feedback? What are the types of feedback? 2. Define positive feedback. What are its merits and demerits? 3. Define negative feedback.
More informationChapter.8: Oscillators
Chapter.8: Oscillators Objectives: To understand The basic operation of an Oscillator the working of low frequency oscillators RC phase shift oscillator Wien bridge Oscillator the working of tuned oscillator
More informationB.E. SEMESTER III (ELECTRICAL) SUBJECT CODE: X30902 Subject Name: Analog & Digital Electronics
B.E. SEMESTER III (ELECTRICAL) SUBJECT CODE: X30902 Subject Name: Analog & Digital Electronics Sr. No. Date TITLE To From Marks Sign 1 To verify the application of op-amp as an Inverting Amplifier 2 To
More informationAssignment 11. 1) Using the LM741 op-amp IC a circuit is designed as shown, then find the output waveform for an input of 5kHz
Assignment 11 1) Using the LM741 op-amp IC a circuit is designed as shown, then find the output waveform for an input of 5kHz Vo = 1 x R1Cf 0 Vin t dt, voltage output for the op amp integrator 0.1 m 1
More informationFunction Generator Using Op Amp Ic 741 Theory
Function Generator Using Op Amp Ic 741 Theory Note: Op-Amps ua741, LM 301, LM311, LM 324 & AD 633 may be used To design an Inverting Amplifier for the given specifications using Op-Amp IC 741. THEORY:
More informationExam Booklet. Pulse Circuits
Exam Booklet Pulse Circuits Pulse Circuits STUDY ASSIGNMENT This booklet contains two examinations for the six lessons entitled Pulse Circuits. The material is intended to provide the last training sought
More informationElectronic Circuits for Mechatronics ELCT 609 Lecture 7: MOS-FET Amplifiers
Electronic Circuits for Mechatronics ELCT 609 Lecture 7: MOS-FET Amplifiers Assistant Professor Office: C3.315 E-mail: eman.azab@guc.edu.eg 1 Enhancement N-MOS Modes of Operation Mode V GS I DS V DS Cutoff
More information4.2.2 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET)
4.2.2 Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) The Metal Oxide Semitonductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has two modes of operation, the depletion mode, and the enhancement mode.
More informationDigital Applications of the Operational Amplifier
Lab Procedure 1. Objective This project will show the versatile operation of an operational amplifier in a voltage comparator (Schmitt Trigger) circuit and a sample and hold circuit. 2. Components Qty
More informationSummer 2015 Examination
Summer 2015 Examination Subject Code: 17445 Model Answer Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme.
More information4.5 Biasing in MOS Amplifier Circuits
4.5 Biasing in MOS Amplifier Circuits Biasing: establishing an appropriate DC operating point for the MOSFET - A fundamental step in the design of a MOSFET amplifier circuit An appropriate DC operating
More informationCHAPTER 6 PHASE LOCKED LOOP ARCHITECTURE FOR ADC
138 CHAPTER 6 PHASE LOCKED LOOP ARCHITECTURE FOR ADC 6.1 INTRODUCTION The Clock generator is a circuit that produces the timing or the clock signal for the operation in sequential circuits. The circuit
More informationEE 368 Electronics Lab. Experiment 10 Operational Amplifier Applications (2)
EE 368 Electronics Lab Experiment 10 Operational Amplifier Applications (2) 1 Experiment 10 Operational Amplifier Applications (2) Objectives To gain experience with Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp). To
More informationFeedback (and control) systems
Feedback (and control) systems Stability and performance Copyright 2007-2008 Stevens Institute of Technology - All rights reserved 22-1/23 Behavior of Under-damped System Y() s s b y 0 M s 2n y0 2 2 2
More informationETEK TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
Trainer Model: ETEK DCS-6000-07 FSK Modulator ETEK TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. E-mail: etek21@ms59.hinet.net mlher@etek21.com.tw http: // www.etek21.com.tw Digital Communication Systems (ETEK DCS-6000) 13-1:
More informationDesign of the oscillating circuit in DC/DC switching power supply
2nd International Conference on Electrical, Computer Engineering and Electronics (ICECEE 2015) Design of the oscillating circuit in DC/DC switching power supply Wei Qu 1, a, JingYu Sun 1,b 1 School of
More informationtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq
qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyui opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvb nmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer Instrumentation Device Components Semester 2 nd tyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas
More informationEE 230 Lab Lab 9. Prior to Lab
MOS transistor characteristics This week we look at some MOS transistor characteristics and circuits. Most of the measurements will be done with our usual lab equipment, but we will also use the parameter
More informationLab 4 : Transistor Oscillators
Objective: Lab 4 : Transistor Oscillators In this lab, you will learn how to design and implement a colpitts oscillator. In part II you will implement a RC phase shift oscillator Hardware Required : Pre
More informationOscillators. An oscillator may be described as a source of alternating voltage. It is different than amplifier.
Oscillators An oscillator may be described as a source of alternating voltage. It is different than amplifier. An amplifier delivers an output signal whose waveform corresponds to the input signal but
More informationEE 330 Laboratory 8 Discrete Semiconductor Amplifiers
EE 330 Laboratory 8 Discrete Semiconductor Amplifiers Fall 2017 Contents Objective:... 2 Discussion:... 2 Components Needed:... 2 Part 1 Voltage Controlled Amplifier... 2 Part 2 Common Source Amplifier...
More informationLecture 7 ECEN 4517/5517
Lecture 7 ECEN 4517/5517 Experiments 4-5: inverter system Exp. 4: Step-up dc-dc converter (cascaded boost converters) Analog PWM and feedback controller to regulate HVDC Exp. 5: DC-AC inverter (H-bridge)
More informationLESSON PLAN. SUBJECT: LINEAR IC S AND APPLICATION NO OF HOURS: 52 FACULTY NAME: Mr. Lokesh.L, Hema. B DEPT: ECE. Portions to be covered
LESSON PLAN SUBJECT: LINEAR IC S AND APPLICATION SUB CODE: 15EC46 NO OF HOURS: 52 FACULTY NAME: Mr. Lokesh.L, Hema. B DEPT: ECE Class# Chapter title/reference literature Portions to be covered MODULE I
More informationDesign and Layout of Two Stage High Bandwidth Operational Amplifier
Design and Layout of Two Stage High Bandwidth Operational Amplifier Yasir Mahmood Qureshi Abstract This paper presents the design and layout of a two stage, high speed operational amplifiers using standard
More informationLab Experiments. Boost converter (Experiment 2) Control circuit (Experiment 1) Power diode. + V g. C Power MOSFET. Load.
Lab Experiments L Power diode V g C Power MOSFET Load Boost converter (Experiment 2) V ref PWM chip UC3525A Gate driver TSC427 Control circuit (Experiment 1) Adjust duty cycle D The UC3525 PWM Control
More informationECE 546 Lecture 12 Integrated Circuits
ECE 546 Lecture 12 Integrated Circuits Spring 2018 Jose E. Schutt-Aine Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Illinois jesa@illinois.edu ECE 546 Jose Schutt Aine 1 Integrated Circuits IC Requirements
More informationASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR
555 TIMER ASTABLE MULTIIBRATOR MONOSTABLE MULTIIBRATOR 555 TIMER PHYSICS (LAB MANUAL) PHYSICS (LAB MANUAL) 555 TIMER Introduction The 555 timer is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of
More informationDesign of Miller Compensated Two-Stage Operational Amplifier for Data Converter Applications
Design of Miller Compensated Two-Stage Operational Amplifier for Data Converter Applications Prema Kumar. G Shravan Kudikala Casest, School Of Physics Casest, School Of Physics University Of Hyderabad
More informationMemristor Load Current Mirror Circuit
Memristor Load Current Mirror Circuit Olga Krestinskaya, Irina Fedorova, and Alex Pappachen James School of Engineering Nazarbayev University Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan Abstract Simple current mirrors
More informationEE 320 L LABORATORY 9: MOSFET TRANSISTOR CHARACTERIZATIONS. by Ming Zhu UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS 1. OBJECTIVE 2. COMPONENTS & EQUIPMENT
EE 320 L ELECTRONICS I LABORATORY 9: MOSFET TRANSISTOR CHARACTERIZATIONS by Ming Zhu DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS 1. OBJECTIVE Get familiar with MOSFETs,
More informationQuestion Paper Code: 21398
Reg. No. : Question Paper Code: 21398 B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, MAY/JUNE 2013 Fourth Semester Electrical and Electronics Engineering EE2254 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND APPLICATIONS (Regulation
More information1) Consider the circuit shown in figure below. Compute the output waveform for an input of 5kHz
) Consider the circuit shown in figure below. Compute the output waveform for an input of 5kHz Solution: a) Input is of constant amplitude of 2 V from 0 to 0. ms and 2 V from 0. ms to 0.2 ms. The output
More informationGOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA KARNATAKA STATE PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD II YEAR PUC EXAMINATION MARCH-2012 SCHEME OF VALUATION
GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA KARNATAKA STATE PRE-UNIVERSITY EDUCATION EXAMINATION BOARD II YEAR PUC EXAMINATION MARCH-0 SCHEME OF VALUATION Subject Code: 0 Subject: Qn. PART - A 0. Which is the largest of three
More informationOperational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers Table of contents 1. Design 1.1. The Differential Amplifier 1.2. Level Shifter 1.3. Power Amplifier 2. Characteristics 3. The Opamp without NFB 4. Linear Amplifiers 4.1. The Non-Inverting
More information1 Signals and systems, A. V. Oppenhaim, A. S. Willsky, Prentice Hall, 2 nd edition, FUNDAMENTALS. Electrical Engineering. 2.
1 Signals and systems, A. V. Oppenhaim, A. S. Willsky, Prentice Hall, 2 nd edition, 1996. FUNDAMENTALS Electrical Engineering 2.Processing - Analog data An analog signal is a signal that varies continuously.
More information4/30/2012. General Class Element 3 Course Presentation. Practical Circuits. Practical Circuits. Subelement G7. 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups
General Class Element 3 Course Presentation ti ELEMENT 3 SUB ELEMENTS General Licensing Class Subelement G7 2 Exam Questions, 2 Groups G1 Commission s Rules G2 Operating Procedures G3 Radio Wave Propagation
More informationUNIT 1 MULTI STAGE AMPLIFIES
UNIT 1 MULTI STAGE AMPLIFIES 1. a) Derive the equation for the overall voltage gain of a multistage amplifier in terms of the individual voltage gains. b) what are the multi-stage amplifiers? 2. Describe
More informationTest Your Understanding
074 Part 2 Analog Electronics EXEISE POBLEM Ex 5.3: For the switched-capacitor circuit in Figure 5.3b), the parameters are: = 30 pf, 2 = 5pF, and F = 2 pf. The clock frequency is 00 khz. Determine the
More informationGovernment Polytechnic Muzaffarpur Name of the Lab: Applied Electronics Lab
Government Polytechnic Muzaffarpur Name of the Lab: Applied Electronics Lab Subject Code: 1620408 Experiment-1 Aim: To obtain the characteristics of field effect transistor (FET). Theory: The Field Effect
More informationFor input: Peak to peak amplitude of the input = volts. Time period for 1 full cycle = sec
Inverting amplifier: [Closed Loop Configuration] Design: A CL = V o /V in = - R f / R in ; Assume R in = ; Gain = ; Circuit Diagram: RF +10V F.G ~ + Rin 2 3 7 IC741 + 4 6 v0-10v CRO Model Graph Inverting
More informationFigure 1: Closed Loop System
SIGNAL GENERATORS 3. Introduction Signal sources have a variety of applications including checking stage gain, frequency response, and alignment in receivers and in a wide range of other electronics equipment.
More informationExperiment 1: Amplifier Characterization Spring 2019
Experiment 1: Amplifier Characterization Spring 2019 Objective: The objective of this experiment is to develop methods for characterizing key properties of operational amplifiers Note: We will be using
More informationA Multiobjective Optimization based Fast and Robust Design Methodology for Low Power and Low Phase Noise Current Starved VCO Gaurav Sharma 1
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 2, Issue 01, 2014 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 A Multiobjective Optimization based Fast and Robust Design Methodology for Low Power
More informationSpectrum analyzer for frequency bands of 8-12, and MHz
EE389 Electronic Design Lab Project Report, EE Dept, IIT Bombay, November 2006 Spectrum analyzer for frequency bands of 8-12, 12-16 and 16-20 MHz Group No. D-13 Paras Choudhary (03d07012)
More informationGATE SOLVED PAPER - IN
YEAR 202 ONE MARK Q. The i-v characteristics of the diode in the circuit given below are : v -. A v 0.7 V i 500 07 $ = * 0 A, v < 0.7 V The current in the circuit is (A) 0 ma (C) 6.67 ma (B) 9.3 ma (D)
More informationTotal No. of Questions : 40 ] [ Total No. of Printed Pages : 7. March, Time : 3 Hours 15 Minutes ] [ Max. Marks : 90
Code No. 40 Total No. of Questions : 40 ] [ Total No. of Printed Pages : 7 March, 2009 ELECTRONICS Time : 3 Hours 15 Minutes ] [ Max. Marks : 90 Note : i) The question paper has four Parts A, B, C & D.
More informationFREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS UNIT-1 SUBJECT : ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS SUBJECT CODE : EC6202 BRANCH: EEE PART -A 1. What is meant by diffusion current in a semi conductor? (APR/MAY 2010, 2011, NOV/DEC
More informationCommon-Source Amplifiers
Lab 2: Common-Source Amplifiers Introduction The common-source stage is the most basic amplifier stage encountered in CMOS analog circuits. Because of its very high input impedance, moderate-to-high gain,
More informationSubject Code: Model Answer Page No: / N
Important Instructions to examiners: 1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer scheme. 2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate
More informationENEE307 Lab 7 MOS Transistors 2: Small Signal Amplifiers and Digital Circuits
ENEE307 Lab 7 MOS Transistors 2: Small Signal Amplifiers and Digital Circuits In this lab, we will be looking at ac signals with MOSFET circuits and digital electronics. The experiments will be performed
More informationCurrent Mode PWM Controller
Current Mode PWM Controller UC1842/3/4/5 FEATURES Optimized For Off-line And DC To DC Converters Low Start Up Current (
More informationd. Can you find intrinsic gain more easily by examining the equation for current? Explain.
EECS140 Final Spring 2017 Name SID 1. [8] In a vacuum tube, the plate (or anode) current is a function of the plate voltage (output) and the grid voltage (input). I P = k(v P + µv G ) 3/2 where µ is a
More informationComparators, positive feedback, and relaxation oscillators
Experiment 4 Introductory Electronics Laboratory Comparators, positive feedback, and relaxation oscillators THE SCHMITT TRIGGER AND POSITIVE FEEDBACK 4-2 The op-amp as a comparator... 4-2 Using positive
More informationLecture 3 Switched-Capacitor Circuits Trevor Caldwell
Advanced Analog Circuits Lecture 3 Switched-Capacitor Circuits Trevor Caldwell trevor.caldwell@analog.com Lecture Plan Date Lecture (Wednesday 2-4pm) Reference Homework 2017-01-11 1 MOD1 & MOD2 ST 2, 3,
More informationEE 330 Laboratory 7 MOSFET Device Experimental Characterization and Basic Applications Spring 2017
EE 330 Laboratory 7 MOSFET Device Experimental Characterization and Basic Applications Spring 2017 Objective: The objective of this laboratory experiment is to become more familiar with the operation of
More informationAbout the Tutorial. Audience. Prerequisites. Copyright & Disclaimer. Linear Integrated Circuits Applications
About the Tutorial Linear Integrated Circuits are solid state analog devices that can operate over a continuous range of input signals. Theoretically, they are characterized by an infinite number of operating
More informationPhysics 303 Fall Module 4: The Operational Amplifier
Module 4: The Operational Amplifier Operational Amplifiers: General Introduction In the laboratory, analog signals (that is to say continuously variable, not discrete signals) often require amplification.
More informationEE 330 Laboratory 8 Discrete Semiconductor Amplifiers
EE 330 Laboratory 8 Discrete Semiconductor Amplifiers Fall 2018 Contents Objective:...2 Discussion:...2 Components Needed:...2 Part 1 Voltage Controlled Amplifier...2 Part 2 A Nonlinear Application...3
More informationVALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SUBJECT QUESTION BANK : EC6401 ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS-II SEM / YEAR: IV / II year B.E.
More informationOscillator Principles
Oscillators Introduction Oscillators are circuits that generates a repetitive waveform of fixed amplitude and frequency without any external input signal. The function of an oscillator is to generate alternating
More information