3 Analog filters. 3.1 Analog filter characteristics
|
|
- Karin Sullivan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chapter 3, page 1 of 11 3 Analog filters This chapter deals with analog filters and the filter approximations of an ideal filter. The filter approximations that are considered are the classical analog filter types Butterworth, Chebyshev, Causer, and Bessel. 3.1 Analog filter characteristics A filter is a system with a frequency dependent response. Signals within one or several frequency bands are passed through almost unaffected, while signals of other frequencies are dampened. The frequency characteristics of a filter are best given by the frequency response or the transfer function and the corresponding s- plane. The most common filter types are the low pass (LP), high pass (HP), band pass (BP), and band stop (BS) filters. Allpass (AP) filters are also an important group of filters. Figure 3.1 shows frequency characteristics of a general low pass filter with the magnitude in decibel H db versus angular frequency ω. It is divided in three bands, the pass band, the transition band, and the stop band. In the pass band, all frequencies are passed without any attenuation. However, this is not the case for a real filter and therefore a small attenuation is accepted. The maximum attenuation that is allowed in the passband is called A max. The variations in attenuation in the passband is called pass band ripple. Often a choice is made A max 3 db and the pass band reaches until this criterion is no longer fulfilled. This happens at the cutoff frequency ω c. In the stop band all frequencies are ideally completely attenuated. However, for a real filter this is not possible and therefore a certain amount of ripple is accepted in the stop band (stop band ripple). The minimum attenuation that is at least
2 Chapter 3, page of 11 required in the stop band is called A min. Typical choice is A min 0 db. The stop band starts at the frequency when the above criterion is met. This frequency is called ω s and thus for ω > ω s the attenuation is greater than A min. The transition band is the region between ω c and ω s. It is characterized by the inclination or the steepness, i.e. how much the magnitude decreases from ω c to ω s. This is called roll off and it is usually expressed in db/decade or db/octave. An octave represents a doubling in frequency and decade means and tenfold increase in frequency. For example, a roll off in H db of -6dB/octave means that the magnitude has decreased by a factor two for an increase in frequency by a factor two. This can also be expressed as -0 db/decade which means that the magnitude has decreased by a factor ten for a tenfold increase in frequency. Figure 3.1. Frequency charactersitics of a general low pass filter First order transfer function A first order transfer function is of the following general form H(s) = b 1s + b 0 s + a 0. For low pass frequency characteristics, the transfer function has the form H LP (s) = b 0 s + a 0
3 Chapter 3, page 3 of 11 and for high pass characteristics H HP (s) = b 1s s + a 0 The pole of the first order transfer function is on the real axis (σ-axis) in the s- plane. The pole is in the negative half plane if a 0 > 0 and in the positive half plane if a 0 < Second order transfer function A second order transfer function is of the following general form H(s) = b s + b 1 s + b 0 s + a 1 s + a 0 For low pass frequency characteristics, the transfer function has the form b 0 H LP (s) = s + a 1 s + a 0 and for high pass characteristics b s H HP (s) = s + a 1 s + a 0 Band pass characteristics can be described by a second order transfer function b 1 s H BP (s) = s + a 1 s + a 0 The second order transfer function has a pair of complex conjugated poles. The denominator polynomial can therefore be expressed in its poles D(s) = s + a 1 s + a 0 D(s) = (s p 1 )(s p )
4 Chapter 3, page 4 of 11 and if we assume that the complex conjugate poles are p 1 = σ p + jω p and p = σ p jω p and perform the multiplication, then D(s) becomes D(s) = s + σ p s + σ p + ω p where the last two terms constitute = σ p + ω p which is the distance between the poles and the origo (figure 3.) in the s-plane and it is called the corner frequency or cutoff frequency (also center frequency for a bandpass filter; also eigenfrequency). It can also be considered the magnitude of the poles. The dampening factor is defined as the ratio d = σ p and the quality factor (or Q-value) is defined as (figure 3.) Q = σ p. The angle between the σ-axis and the pole is α and thus cos(α) = σ p = d = 1 Q. Another parameter for the pair of poles is the bandwidth B defined as B = σ p and thus we have B = Q.
5 Chapter 3, page 5 of 11 If a pair of poles is close to the jω-axis then the Q-value becomes large due to small σ p (figure 3.). The Q-value is also a measure of selectivity or the steepness of the transition band of the frequency response. Figure 3.. Definition of and Q in the s-plane for the pair of poles σ p ± jω p. The three common forms of the denominator polynomial are D(s) = s + σ p s +, D(s) = s + d s +, D(s) = s + Q s +. The effect of the dampening factor on system behavior can be analyzed by analyzing the location of the poles for d > 1, d = 1, 0 < d < 1 and d = 0 (and d < 0). Similar analysis can be done for the Q-value for Q > 1/, Q = 1/, and Q < 1/. The general expression for a :nd order filter is thus H(s) = b s + b 1 s + b 0 s + s Q + It has two quadratic polynomials, therefore these filters are called biquadratic or biquad filters. The denominator polynomial determine the location of the poles
6 Chapter 3, page 6 of 11 ( resonance peaks), but it is the numerator polynomial that determine if it is a LP, HP, or BP filter. The general expression for the :nd order LP filter is b = b 1 = 0 b 0 = H 0 H LP (s) = H 0 s + s Q + where H 0 is the pass band gain (in this case the DC-gain). The general expression for the :nd order HP filter is b 1 = b 0 = 0 b = H 0 where H 0 is the pass band gain. H HP (s) = H 0 s The a :nd order BP filter the expression is H BP (s) = s + s Q + b = b 0 = 0 b 1 = H 0 B b 1 s s + s Q Higher order Higher order filters and thus transfer functions are obtained by multiplying first and/or second order transfer functions. For instance a fourth order transfer function consists of two second order transfer functions multiplied together.
7 Chapter 3, page 7 of All-pole filter An all-pole filter lacks finite zeros, i.e. all of its zeros are in the infinity. This means that the denominator polynomial is independent of s, i.e. a constant. In general the roll off of an n:th order all-pole filter is -0n db/decade or -6n db/octave. 3. Butterworth The Butterworth filter is designed to give maximum flat magnitude of the frequency response in the pass band while the dampening in the stop band is as large as possible. For the normalized Butterworth filter the poles are located along a circle in the left half of the s-plane. It has no zeros. Figure 3.3 shows the location of the poles and the magnitude of the frequency response for a normalized 5:th order low pass Butterworth filter. Figure 3.3. A 5:th order normalized low pass Butterworth filter. (left) poles, (right) magnitude of the frequency response. 3.3 Chebyshev There are two types of Chebyshev filters, type 1 and type. Chebyshev filters are used when a higher dampening in the stop band is required. The drawback is that ripple is introduced in the pass band (type 1) or in the stop band (type ). The type
8 Chapter 3, page 8 of 11 1 filter has the poles along an ellipse in left half of the s-plane. The type filter also has zeros. See figure 3.4 for a normalized 5:th order lowpass Chebyshev type 1 filter with 3 db ripple. See figure 3.5 for a normalized 5:th order lowpass Chebyshev type filter with 40 db ripple. Figure 3.4. A 5:th order normalized low pass Chebyshev type 1 filter with 3 db ripple. (left) poles, (right) magnitude of the frequency response. Figure 3.5. A 5:th order normalized low pass Chebyshev type filter with 40 db ripple. (left) poles and zeros, (right) magnitude of the frequency response. 3.4 Cauer The causer filter is also called an elliptic filter and it has ripple in both the pass band and the stop band. The dampening in the transition band is very high, i.e. the magnitude curve of the frequency response is very steep in the transition band. See figure 3.6 for a normalized 5:th order low pass Cauer filter with 5 db ripple in the pass band and 0 db ripple in the stop band.
9 Chapter 3, page 9 of 11 Figure 3.6. A 5:th order normalized low pass Cauer filter. (left) poles and zeros, (right) magnitude of the frequency response. 3.5 Bessel Bessel filters are a type of filter with a very linear phase response in the pass band. See figure 3.7 for a normalized 5:th order low pass Bessel filter. Figure 3.7. A 5:th order normalized low pass Bessel filter. (top left) poles, (top right) magnitude of the frequency response, and (bottom left) group delay.
10 Chapter 3, page 10 of Filter transformations When designing and constructing a filter, the first step is usually to construct a normalized LP filter, a so called prototype filter. Thereafter transformations are used to obtain a LP, HP, BP, or BS filter with desired frequency characteristics Low Pass-to-Low Pass (LPLP) Suppose that the poles (and zeros) or the transfer function are known for a LP filter with cutoff frequency, then a transformation can be done to obtain a LP filter with the same frequency characteristics, but with a different cutoff frequency found at ω 0. This transformation is done by the following substitution in the transfer function s s For example, the general :nd order LP-filter has a transfer function H(s) = s + s Q + If the above substitution is made, then the transfer function becomes H (s ω s) = 0 ( ω 0 s) + ( s) ω = 0 Q + 1 = ( 1 s) + ( 1 s) 1 = Q ( 1 s) + ( 1 s) 1 Q + 1 = = s + s Q + Thus, the substitution has changed the cutoff frequency from to. This means that each pole will be moved from the origo to a new location
11 Chapter 3, page 11 of 11 p x p ω x Low Pass-to-High Pass (LPHP) Suppose that the transfer function for a LP filter is known and you wish to construct a HP filter with similar frequency characteristics, but with a cutoff frequency. Then the transformation can be done by the following substitution s ω 0 s This means that for each pole, a zero will be introduced in the origo. Each pole will be moved to a new location p x p x Low Pass-to-Band Pass (LPBP) A band pass filter has two cutoff frequencies, a lower (ω 1 ) and an upper (ω ) cutoff frequency. The transformation from a LP filter with cutoff frequency to a BP filter with ω 1 and ω is done by the substitution s s + ω ω 1 s (ω ω 1 ) Low Pass-to-Band Stop (LPBS) A band stop filter has also two cutoff frequencies, a lower (ω 1 ) and an upper (ω ) cutoff frequency. The transformation from a LP filter with cutoff frequency to a BS filter with ω 1 and ω is done by the substitution s s (ω ω 1 ) s + ω ω 1
Electric Circuit Theory
Electric Circuit Theory Nam Ki Min nkmin@korea.ac.kr 010-9419-2320 Chapter 15 Active Filter Circuits Nam Ki Min nkmin@korea.ac.kr 010-9419-2320 Contents and Objectives 3 Chapter Contents 15.1 First-Order
More informationAnalog Lowpass Filter Specifications
Analog Lowpass Filter Specifications Typical magnitude response analog lowpass filter may be given as indicated below H a ( j of an Copyright 005, S. K. Mitra Analog Lowpass Filter Specifications In the
More informationCHAPTER 8 ANALOG FILTERS
ANALOG FILTERS CHAPTER 8 ANALOG FILTERS SECTION 8.: INTRODUCTION 8. SECTION 8.2: THE TRANSFER FUNCTION 8.5 THE SPLANE 8.5 F O and Q 8.7 HIGHPASS FILTER 8.8 BANDPASS FILTER 8.9 BANDREJECT (NOTCH) FILTER
More information4/14/15 8:58 PM C:\Users\Harrn...\tlh2polebutter10rad see.rn 1 of 1
4/14/15 8:58 PM C:\Users\Harrn...\tlh2polebutter10rad see.rn 1 of 1 % Example 2pole butter tlh % Analog Butterworth filter design % design an 2-pole filter with a bandwidth of 10 rad/sec % Prototype H(s)
More informationNOVEMBER 13, 1996 EE 4773/6773: LECTURE NO. 37 PAGE 1 of 5
NOVEMBER 3, 996 EE 4773/6773: LECTURE NO. 37 PAGE of 5 Characteristics of Commonly Used Analog Filters - Butterworth Butterworth filters are maimally flat in the passband and stopband, giving monotonicity
More informationEEL 3923C. JD/ Module 3 Elementary Analog Filter Design. Prof. T. Nishida Fall 2010
EEL 3923C JD/ Module 3 Elementary Analog Filter Design Prof. T. Nishida Fall 2010 Purpose Frequency selection Low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop, notch, etc. Applications II. Filter Fundamentals
More informationFilters and Tuned Amplifiers
CHAPTER 6 Filters and Tuned Amplifiers Introduction 55 6. Filter Transmission, Types, and Specification 56 6. The Filter Transfer Function 60 6.7 Second-Order Active Filters Based on the Two-Integrator-Loop
More informationActive Filter Design Techniques
Active Filter Design Techniques 16.1 Introduction What is a filter? A filter is a device that passes electric signals at certain frequencies or frequency ranges while preventing the passage of others.
More informationNH 67, Karur Trichy Highways, Puliyur C.F, Karur District DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING UNIT 3
NH 67, Karur Trichy Highways, Puliyur C.F, 639 114 Karur District DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING UNIT 3 IIR FILTER DESIGN Structure of IIR System design of Discrete time
More informationContinuous-Time Analog Filters
ENGR 4333/5333: Digital Signal Processing Continuous-Time Analog Filters Chapter 2 Dr. Mohamed Bingabr University of Central Oklahoma Outline Frequency Response of an LTIC System Signal Transmission through
More informationLECTURER NOTE SMJE3163 DSP
LECTURER NOTE SMJE363 DSP (04/05-) ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Week3 IIR Filter Design -------------------------------------------------------------------------
More information8: IIR Filter Transformations
DSP and Digital (5-677) IIR : 8 / Classical continuous-time filters optimize tradeoff: passband ripple v stopband ripple v transition width There are explicit formulae for pole/zero positions. Butterworth:
More informationFilter Approximation Concepts
6 (ESS) Filter Approximation Concepts How do you translate filter specifications into a mathematical expression which can be synthesized? Approximation Techniques Why an ideal Brick Wall Filter can not
More informationReview of Filter Types
ECE 440 FILTERS Review of Filters Filters are systems with amplitude and phase response that depends on frequency. Filters named by amplitude attenuation with relation to a transition or cutoff frequency.
More informationButterworth, Elliptic, Chebychev Filters
Objective: Butterworth, Elliptic, Chebychev Filters Know what each filter tries to optimize Know how these filters compare An ideal low pass filter has a gain of one in the passband, zero outside that
More informationChapter 15: Active Filters
Chapter 15: Active Filters 15.1: Basic filter Responses A filter is a circuit that passes certain frequencies and rejects or attenuates all others. The passband is the range of frequencies allowed to pass
More informationPHYS225 Lecture 15. Electronic Circuits
PHYS225 Lecture 15 Electronic Circuits Last lecture Difference amplifier Differential input; single output Good CMRR, accurate gain, moderate input impedance Instrumentation amplifier Differential input;
More information(Refer Slide Time: 02:00-04:20) (Refer Slide Time: 04:27 09:06)
Digital Signal Processing Prof. S. C. Dutta Roy Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Lecture - 25 Analog Filter Design (Contd.); Transformations This is the 25 th
More informationFilter Notes. You may have memorized a formula for the voltage divider - if not, it is easily derived using Ohm's law, Vo Vi
Filter Notes You may have memorized a formula for the voltage divider - if not, it is easily derived using Ohm's law, Vo Vi R2 R+ R2 If you recall the formula for capacitive reactance, the divider formula
More informationEEM478-DSPHARDWARE. WEEK12:FIR & IIR Filter Design
EEM478-DSPHARDWARE WEEK12:FIR & IIR Filter Design PART-I : Filter Design/Realization Step-1 : define filter specs (pass-band, stop-band, optimization criterion, ) Step-2 : derive optimal transfer function
More informationA filter is appropriately described by the transfer function. It is a ratio between two polynomials
Imaginary Part Matlab examples Filter description A filter is appropriately described by the transfer function. It is a ratio between two polynomials H(s) = N(s) D(s) = b ns n + b n s n + + b s a m s m
More informationChapter 19. Basic Filters
Chapter 19 Basic Filters Objectives Analyze the operation of RC and RL lowpass filters Analyze the operation of RC and RL highpass filters Analyze the operation of band-pass filters Analyze the operation
More informationActive Filters - Revisited
Active Filters - Revisited Sources: Electronic Devices by Thomas L. Floyd. & Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory by Robert L. Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky Ideal and Practical Filters Ideal and Practical
More informationTransfer function: a mathematical description of network response characteristics.
Microwave Filter Design Chp3. Basic Concept and Theories of Filters Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Transfer Functions General Definitions Transfer function:
More informationAPPENDIX A to VOLUME A1 TIMS FILTER RESPONSES
APPENDIX A to VOLUME A1 TIMS FILTER RESPONSES A2 TABLE OF CONTENTS... 5 Filter Specifications... 7 3 khz LPF (within the HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER)... 8 TUNEABLE LPF... 9 BASEBAND CHANNEL FILTERS - #2 Butterworth
More informationClassic Filters. Figure 1 Butterworth Filter. Chebyshev
Classic Filters There are 4 classic analogue filter types: Butterworth, Chebyshev, Elliptic and Bessel. There is no ideal filter; each filter is good in some areas but poor in others. Butterworth: Flattest
More informationo algorithmic method (where the processor calculates new circuit programming data) or
Rev:.0.0 Date: th March 004 Purpose This document describes how to dynamically program high-order filters using AnadigmDesigner using algorithmic dynamic reconfiguration. AnadigmDesigner supports two powerful
More informationECE 203 LAB 2 PRACTICAL FILTER DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION
Version 1. 1 of 7 ECE 03 LAB PRACTICAL FILTER DESIGN & IMPLEMENTATION BEFORE YOU BEGIN PREREQUISITE LABS ECE 01 Labs ECE 0 Advanced MATLAB ECE 03 MATLAB Signals & Systems EXPECTED KNOWLEDGE Understanding
More informationDigital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals
Chapter 4 Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals 清大電機系林嘉文 cwlin@ee.nthu.edu.tw 03-5731152 Original PowerPoint slides prepared by S. K. Mitra 4-1-1 Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Digital
More informationElectronic PRINCIPLES
MALVINO & BATES Electronic PRINCIPLES SEVENTH EDITION Chapter 21 Active Filters Topics Covered in Chapter 21 Ideal responses Approximate responses Passive ilters First-order stages VCVS unity-gain second-order
More informationAnalog Design-filters
Analog Design-filters Introduction and Motivation Filters are networks that process signals in a frequency-dependent manner. The basic concept of a filter can be explained by examining the frequency dependent
More informationDigital Processing of
Chapter 4 Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals 清大電機系林嘉文 cwlin@ee.nthu.edu.tw 03-5731152 Original PowerPoint slides prepared by S. K. Mitra 4-1-1 Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals Digital
More informationIIR Filter Design Chapter Intended Learning Outcomes: (i) Ability to design analog Butterworth filters
IIR Filter Design Chapter Intended Learning Outcomes: (i) Ability to design analog Butterworth filters (ii) Ability to design lowpass IIR filters according to predefined specifications based on analog
More informationUsing the isppac 80 Programmable Lowpass Filter IC
Using the isppac Programmable Lowpass Filter IC Introduction This application note describes the isppac, an In- System Programmable (ISP ) Analog Circuit from Lattice Semiconductor, and the filters that
More informationPoles and Zeros of H(s), Analog Computers and Active Filters
Poles and Zeros of H(s), Analog Computers and Active Filters Physics116A, Draft10/28/09 D. Pellett LRC Filter Poles and Zeros Pole structure same for all three functions (two poles) HR has two poles and
More informationEEO 401 Digital Signal Processing Prof. Mark Fowler
EEO 4 Digital Signal Processing Prof. Mark Fowler Note Set #34 IIR Design Characteristics of Common Analog Filters Reading: Sect..3.4 &.3.5 of Proakis & Manolakis /6 Motivation We ve seenthat the Bilinear
More informationOctave Functions for Filters. Young Won Lim 2/19/18
Copyright (c) 2016 2018 Young W. Lim. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published
More informationFilters. Phani Chavali
Filters Phani Chavali Filters Filtering is the most common signal processing procedure. Used as echo cancellers, equalizers, front end processing in RF receivers Used for modifying input signals by passing
More informationDesign IIR Filters Using Cascaded Biquads
Design IIR Filters Using Cascaded Biquads This article shows how to implement a Butterworth IIR lowpass filter as a cascade of second-order IIR filters, or biquads. We ll derive how to calculate the coefficients
More informationInfinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter. Ikhwannul Kholis, ST., MT. Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta
Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) Filter Ihwannul Kholis, ST., MT. Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jaarta The Outline 8.1 State-of-the-art 8.2 Coefficient Calculation Method for IIR Filter 8.2.1 Pole-Zero Placement
More informationBrief Introduction to Signals & Systems. Phani Chavali
Brief Introduction to Signals & Systems Phani Chavali Outline Signals & Systems Continuous and discrete time signals Properties of Systems Input- Output relation : Convolution Frequency domain representation
More informationEE247 - Lecture 2 Filters. EECS 247 Lecture 2: Filters 2005 H.K. Page 1. Administrative. Office hours for H.K. changed to:
EE247 - Lecture 2 Filters Material covered today: Nomenclature Filter specifications Quality factor Frequency characteristics Group delay Filter types Butterworth Chebyshev I Chebyshev II Elliptic Bessel
More informationELEC-C5230 Digitaalisen signaalinkäsittelyn perusteet
ELEC-C5230 Digitaalisen signaalinkäsittelyn perusteet Lecture 10: Summary Taneli Riihonen 16.05.2016 Lecture 10 in Course Book Sanjit K. Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A Computer-Based Approach, 4th
More informationBode plot, named after Hendrik Wade Bode, is usually a combination of a Bode magnitude plot and Bode phase plot:
Bode plot From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A The Bode plot for a first-order (one-pole) lowpass filter Bode plot, named after Hendrik Wade Bode, is usually a combination of a Bode magnitude plot and
More information4. K. W. Henderson, "Nomograph for Designing Elliptic-Function Filters," Proc. IRE, vol. 46, pp , 1958.
BIBLIOGRAPHY Books. W. Cauer, Synthesis of Linear Communication Networks (English translation from German edition), McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 958. 2. W. K. Chen, Theory and Design of Broadband Matching
More informationKerwin, W.J. Passive Signal Processing The Electrical Engineering Handbook Ed. Richard C. Dorf Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000
Kerwin, W.J. Passive Signal Processing The Electrical Engineering Handbook Ed. Richard C. Dorf Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 000 4 Passive Signal Processing William J. Kerwin University of Arizona 4. Introduction
More informationDesign and comparison of butterworth and chebyshev type-1 low pass filter using Matlab
Research Cell: An International Journal of Engineering Sciences ISSN: 2229-6913 Issue Sept 2011, Vol. 4 423 Design and comparison of butterworth and chebyshev type-1 low pass filter using Matlab Tushar
More informationE Final Exam Solutions page 1/ gain / db Imaginary Part
E48 Digital Signal Processing Exam date: Tuesday 242 Final Exam Solutions Dan Ellis . The only twist here is to notice that the elliptical filter is actually high-pass, since it has
More informationEE247 Lecture 2. Butterworth Chebyshev I Chebyshev II Elliptic Bessel Group delay comparison example. EECS 247 Lecture 2: Filters
EE247 Lecture 2 Material covered today: Nomenclature Filter specifications Quality factor Frequency characteristics Group delay Filter types Butterworth Chebyshev I Chebyshev II Elliptic Bessel Group delay
More informationDIGITAL FILTERS. !! Finite Impulse Response (FIR) !! Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) !! Background. !! Matlab functions AGC DSP AGC DSP
DIGITAL FILTERS!! Finite Impulse Response (FIR)!! Infinite Impulse Response (IIR)!! Background!! Matlab functions 1!! Only the magnitude approximation problem!! Four basic types of ideal filters with magnitude
More informationDigital Filters IIR (& Their Corresponding Analog Filters) 4 April 2017 ELEC 3004: Systems 1. Week Date Lecture Title
http://elec3004.com Digital Filters IIR (& Their Corresponding Analog Filters) 4 April 017 ELEC 3004: Systems 1 017 School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering at The University of Queensland
More informationDigital Filter Design
Chapter9 Digital Filter Design Contents 9.1 Overview of Approximation Techniques........ 9-3 9.1.1 Approximation Approaches........... 9-3 9.1.2 FIR Approximation Approaches......... 9-3 9.2 Continuous-Time
More informationEXPERIMENT 1: Characteristics of Passive and Active Filters
Kathmandu University Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ELECTRONICS AND ANALOG FILTER DESIGN LAB EXPERIMENT : Characteristics of Passive and Active Filters Objective: To understand the
More informationComparative Study of RF/microwave IIR Filters by using the MATLAB
Comparative Study of RF/microwave IIR Filters by using the MATLAB Ravi kant doneriya,prof. Laxmi shrivastava Abstract In recent years, due to the magnificent development of Filter designs take attention
More informationOperational Amplifiers
Operational Amplifiers Continuing the discussion of Op Amps, the next step is filters. There are many different types of filters, including low pass, high pass and band pass. We will discuss each of the
More informationExperiment 4- Finite Impulse Response Filters
Experiment 4- Finite Impulse Response Filters 18 February 2009 Abstract In this experiment we design different Finite Impulse Response filters and study their characteristics. 1 Introduction The transfer
More informationAPPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING
APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING 2004 Chapter 1 Digital filtering In this section digital filters are discussed, with a focus on IIR (Infinite Impulse Response) filters and their applications. The most important
More informationIntroduction (cont )
Active Filter 1 Introduction Filters are circuits that are capable of passing signals within a band of frequencies while rejecting or blocking signals of frequencies outside this band. This property of
More informationLow Pass Filter Introduction
Low Pass Filter Introduction Basically, an electrical filter is a circuit that can be designed to modify, reshape or reject all unwanted frequencies of an electrical signal and accept or pass only those
More informationActive Filter. Low pass filter High pass filter Band pass filter Band stop filter
Active Filter Low pass filter High pass filter Band pass filter Band stop filter Active Low-Pass Filters Basic Low-Pass filter circuit At critical frequency, esistance capacitance X c ω c πf c So, critical
More informationDeliyannis, Theodore L. et al "Realization of First- and Second-Order Functions Using Opamps" Continuous-Time Active Filter Design Boca Raton: CRC
Deliyannis, Theodore L. et al "Realization of First- and Second-Order Functions Using Opamps" Continuous-Time Active Filter Design Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC,999 Chapter 4 Realization of First- and Second-Order
More informationEELE503. Modern filter design. Filter Design - Introduction
EELE503 Modern filter design Filter Design - Introduction A filter will modify the magnitude or phase of a signal to produce a desired frequency response or time response. One way to classify ideal filters
More informationEELE 4310: Digital Signal Processing (DSP)
EELE 4310: Digital Signal Processing (DSP) Chapter # 10 : Digital Filter Design (Part One) Spring, 2012/2013 EELE 4310: Digital Signal Processing (DSP) - Ch.10 Dr. Musbah Shaat 1 / 19 Outline 1 Introduction
More informationAdvanced Electronic Systems
Advanced Electronic Systems Damien Prêle To cite this version: Damien Prêle. Advanced Electronic Systems. Master. Advanced Electronic Systems, Hanoi, Vietnam. 2016, pp.140. HAL Id: cel-00843641
More informationPart Numbering System
Reactel Filters can satisfy a variety of filter requirements. These versatile units cover the broad frequency range of 2 khz to 5 GHz, and are available in either tubular or rectangular packages, connectorized
More informationA.C. FILTER NETWORKS. Learning Objectives
C H A P T E 17 Learning Objectives Introduction Applications Different Types of Filters Octaves and Decades of Frequency Decibel System alue of 1 db Low-Pass C Filter Other Types of Low-Pass Filters Low-Pass
More informationLowpass Filters. Microwave Filter Design. Chp5. Lowpass Filters. Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu. Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University
Microwave Filter Design Chp5. Lowpass Filters Prof. Tzong-Lin Wu Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Lowpass Filters Design steps Select an appropriate lowpass filter prototype
More informationBode Plots. Hamid Roozbahani
Bode Plots Hamid Roozbahani A Bode plot is a graph of the transfer function of a linear, time-invariant system versus frequency, plotted with a logfrequency axis, to show the system's frequency response.
More informationAn active filters means using amplifiers to improve the filter. An acive second-order RC low-pass filter still has two RC components in series.
Active Filters An active filters means using amplifiers to improve the filter. An acive second-order low-pass filter still has two components in series. Hjω ( ) -------------------------- 2 = = ----------------------------------------------------------
More informationRahman Jamal, et. al.. "Filters." Copyright 2000 CRC Press LLC. <
Rahman Jamal, et. al.. "Filters." Copyright 000 CRC Press LLC. . Filters Rahman Jamal National Instruments Germany Robert Steer Frequency Devices 8. Introduction 8. Filter Classification
More informationChapter 5 THE APPLICATION OF THE Z TRANSFORM. 5.6 Transfer Functions for Digital Filters 5.7 Amplitude and Delay Distortion
Chapter 5 THE APPLICATION OF THE Z TRANSFORM 5.6 Transfer Functions for Digital Filters 5.7 Amplitude and Delay Distortion Copyright c 2005- Andreas Antoniou Victoria, BC, Canada Email: aantoniou@ieee.org
More informationDigital Signal Processing
COMP ENG 4TL4: Digital Signal Processing Notes for Lecture #25 Wednesday, November 5, 23 Aliasing in the impulse invariance method: The impulse invariance method is only suitable for filters with a bandlimited
More informationUNIT-II MYcsvtu Notes agk
UNIT-II agk UNIT II Infinite Impulse Response Filter design (IIR): Analog & Digital Frequency transformation. Designing by impulse invariance & Bilinear method. Butterworth and Chebyshev Design Method.
More informationChapter 12 RF and AF Filters
Chapter 12 RF and AF Filters This chapter contains design information and examples of the most common filters used by radio amateurs. The initial sections describing basic concepts, lumped element filters
More informationChapter 7 Filter Design Techniques. Filter Design Techniques
Chapter 7 Filter Design Techniques Page 1 Outline 7.0 Introduction 7.1 Design of Discrete Time IIR Filters 7.2 Design of FIR Filters Page 2 7.0 Introduction Definition of Filter Filter is a system that
More informationChapter 2 Automated Electronic Filter Design Scheme
Chapter 2 Automated Electronic Filter Design Scheme 2. The Framework The proposed automated filter design scheme is explained in detail, here. First, some terminology: Ladder network. Aladder network consists
More informationApplication Note 7. Digital Audio FIR Crossover. Highlights Importing Transducer Response Data FIR Window Functions FIR Approximation Methods
Application Note 7 App Note Application Note 7 Highlights Importing Transducer Response Data FIR Window Functions FIR Approximation Methods n Design Objective 3-Way Active Crossover 200Hz/2kHz Crossover
More informationA PACKAGE FOR FILTER DESIGN BASED ON MATLAB
A PACKAGE FOR FILTER DESIGN BASED ON MATLAB David Báez-López 1, David Báez-Villegas 2, René Alcántara 3, Juan José Romero 1, and Tomás Escalante 1 Session F4D Abstract Electric filters have a relevant
More informationFYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers. Signal sampling. Spring 2015 Lecture #5
FYS3240 PC-based instrumentation and microcontrollers Signal sampling Spring 2015 Lecture #5 Bekkeng, 29.1.2015 Content Aliasing Nyquist (Sampling) ADC Filtering Oversampling Triggering Analog Signal Information
More informationFilters occur so frequently in the instrumentation and
FILTER Design CHAPTER 3 Filters occur so frequently in the instrumentation and communications industries that no book covering the field of RF circuit design could be complete without at least one chapter
More informationECE503: Digital Filter Design Lecture 9
ECE503: Digital Filter Design Lecture 9 D. Richard Brown III WPI 26-March-2012 WPI D. Richard Brown III 26-March-2012 1 / 33 Lecture 9 Topics Within the broad topic of digital filter design, we are going
More informationCHAPTER 6 Frequency Response, Bode. Plots, and Resonance
CHAPTER 6 Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and Resonance CHAPTER 6 Frequency Response, Bode Plots, and Resonance 1. State the fundamental concepts of Fourier analysis. 2. Determine the output of a filter
More informationSystem on a Chip. Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft
System on a Chip Prof. Dr. Michael Kraft Lecture 4: Filters Filters General Theory Continuous Time Filters Background Filters are used to separate signals in the frequency domain, e.g. remove noise, tune
More informationASC-50. OPERATION MANUAL September 2001
ASC-5 ASC-5 OPERATION MANUAL September 21 25 Locust St, Haverhill, Massachusetts 183 Tel: 8/252-774, 978/374-761 FAX: 978/521-1839 TABLE OF CONTENTS ASC-5 1. ASC-5 Overview.......................................................
More information-! ( hi i a44-i-i4*=tis4m>
The state-variable VCF should be pretty well understood at this point, with the possible exception of the function of the Q control. Comparing Fig. 2-49 with Fig. 2-59, and using the summer of Fig. 2-54,
More informationMicrowave Circuits Design. Microwave Filters. high pass
Used to control the frequency response at a certain point in a microwave system by providing transmission at frequencies within the passband of the filter and attenuation in the stopband of the filter.
More informationApplication Note 5. Analog Audio Active Crossover
App Note Highlights Importing Transducer Response Data Generic Transfer Function Modeling Circuit Optimization Cascade Circuit Synthesis n Design Objective 3-Way Active Crossover 4th Order Crossover 200Hz/2kHz
More informationApp Note Highlights Importing Transducer Response Data Generic Transfer Function Modeling Circuit Optimization Digital IIR Transform IIR Z Root Editor
Application Note 6 App Note Application Note 6 Highlights Importing Transducer Response Data Generic Transfer Function Modeling Circuit Optimization Digital IIR Transform IIR Z Root Editor n Design Objective
More informationContinuous- Time Active Filter Design
Continuous- Time Active Filter Design T. Deliyannis Yichuang Sun J.K. Fidler CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. Contents Chapter 1 Filter Fundamentals 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Filter Characterization
More informationTransactions on Engineering Sciences vol 3, 1993 WIT Press, ISSN
Software for teaching design and analysis of analog and digital filters D. Baez-Lopez, E. Jimenez-Lopez, R. Alejos-Palomares, J.M. Ramirez Departamento de Ingenieria Electronica, Universidad de las Americas-
More informationFigure z1, Direct Programming Method ... Numerator Denominator... Vo/Vi = N(1+D1) Vo(1+D ) = ViN Vo = ViN-VoD
Z Transform Basics Design and analysis of control systems are usually performed in the frequency domain; where the time domain process of convolution is replaced by a simple process of multiplication of
More informationDesign IIR Band-Reject Filters
db Design IIR Band-Reject Filters In this post, I show how to design IIR Butterworth band-reject filters, and provide two Matlab functions for band-reject filter synthesis. Earlier posts covered IIR Butterworth
More informationA Bessel Filter Crossover, and Its Relation to Other Types
Preprint No. 4776 A Bessel Filter Crossover, and Its Relation to Other Types Ray Miller Rane Corporation, Mukilteo, WA USA One of the ways that a crossover may be constructed from a Bessel low-pass filter
More informationApplication Note #5 Direct Digital Synthesis Impact on Function Generator Design
Impact on Function Generator Design Introduction Function generators have been around for a long while. Over time, these instruments have accumulated a long list of features. Starting with just a few knobs
More informationDiscretization of Continuous Controllers
Discretization of Continuous Controllers Thao Dang VERIMAG, CNRS (France) Discretization of Continuous Controllers One way to design a computer-controlled control system is to make a continuous-time design
More informationECE438 - Laboratory 7a: Digital Filter Design (Week 1) By Prof. Charles Bouman and Prof. Mireille Boutin Fall 2015
Purdue University: ECE438 - Digital Signal Processing with Applications 1 ECE438 - Laboratory 7a: Digital Filter Design (Week 1) By Prof. Charles Bouman and Prof. Mireille Boutin Fall 2015 1 Introduction
More informationDigital Filtering: Realization
Digital Filtering: Realization Digital Filtering: Matlab Implementation: 3-tap (2 nd order) IIR filter 1 Transfer Function Differential Equation: z- Transform: Transfer Function: 2 Example: Transfer Function
More informationPole, zero and Bode plot
Pole, zero and Bode plot EC04 305 Lecture notes YESAREKEY December 12, 2007 Authored by: Ramesh.K Pole, zero and Bode plot EC04 305 Lecture notes A rational transfer function H (S) can be expressed as
More informationPlot frequency response around the unit circle above the Z-plane.
There s No End to It -- Matlab Code Plots Frequency Response above the Unit Circle Reference [] has some 3D plots of frequency response magnitude above the unit circle in the Z-plane. I liked them enough
More informationFrequency Response Analysis
Frequency Response Analysis Continuous Time * M. J. Roberts - All Rights Reserved 2 Frequency Response * M. J. Roberts - All Rights Reserved 3 Lowpass Filter H( s) = ω c s + ω c H( jω ) = ω c jω + ω c
More information