Compatibility Analysis for Wireless Systems in VHF/UHF Bands with Geographic Information

Transcription

1 Compaibiliy Analysis fo Wieless Sysems in VHF/UHF Bands wih Geogaphic nfomaion Kyoung-Whoan Suh, Jeong-Seok Jang, Jung-Ho Ahn Absac By using adio popagaion pedicions of Rec. TU-R P.1546 combined wih geogaphic infomaion, fomulaions fo field calculaion and inefeence analysis ae pesened in he VHF and UHF bands. To illusae some compuaional esuls fo he given sysem paamees, viual and eal geogaphic daa ae aken ino accoun. Pefomance and poecion aio including he ne file disciminaion ae eviewed fo he fixed wieless sysem inefeed wih he ada opeaed a he co-channel fequency as well as fequency offse. nefeence effec of he vicim eceive has been also examined by vaying ada beam diecion ove azimuh and elevaion angles. The developed mehodology can be acually applied o evaluae ineopeabiliy beween wieless sysems unde he ne-cenic wafae envionmen. Keywods Rec. TU-R P.1546, inefeence, poecion aio, ne file disciminaion, minimum coupling loss. T. NTRODUCTON HE adio specum is a vial bu limied naual esouce which povides he means o convey audio, video o ohe infomaion conen ove disances [1]. n geneal VHF/UHF and micowave bands ae much pefeed due o bee popagaion chaaceisics and ae geing moe specum uiliies compaed wih ohe ones. As ime goes, hese ends ae gadually acceleaed in commecial and miliay applicaions, and each naion has a basic pinciple of fequency use, dividing specum esouce ino commecial and miliay bands [2], [3]. So he inefeence analysis in hese bands has been gealy issued o assue ineopeabiliy o compaibiliy fo wieless sysems. Basically hee ae wo mehodologies o analyze he inefeence cieia. One is o use Mone Calo Analysis-SEAMCAT (Specum Engineeing Advanced Mone Calo Analysis Tool), which is a saisical mehodology fo he simulaion of andom pocess by andomly aking values fom a pobabiliy densiy funcion [4], [5]. The ohe is he Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL) mehod, which has been exensively used fo esimaion of inefeence mechanism even hough i is igid Manuscip eceived June 2, 212: Revised vesion eceived xx yy, 212. This wok was suppoed in pa by he Agency fo Defense Developmen (ADD) of Koea unde Reseach Gan. Kyoung-Whoan Suh is wih he Eleconics Engineeing of Kangnam Univesiy, Koea (phone: ; fax: ; kwsuh@ kangnam.ac.k). Jeong-Seok Jang is wih he nfomaion Engineeing of Dongyang Miae College of Koea ( chang122@homail.com). Jung-Ho Ahn is wih he Compue and Media nfomaion Engineeing of Kangnam Univesiy, Koea ( jungho@kangnam.ac.k). and difficul o implemen in many case no be descibed in saic ems [6]. Recenly he change in miliay fequency bands is eflecing 3 aspecs in ems of opeaion, echnology, and egulaion [7]. The fis equies highe bandwidh, geae mobiliy, and geae agiliy unde a ne-cenic wafae (NCW). The second enails he gowing specum equiemen, caused by he advance of wieless echnologies in he pas 1 yeas and explosive demands in mobile communicaions, which is gadually exending encoachmen o miliay bands. Finally egulaions ask fo he fequency shaing and hamonizaion including impacs of he Wold Radiocommunicaion Confeence and hos naion soveeigny [8]. Along wih hese ends, nowadays he balefields ae migaing fom an individual cenic plafom o he combinaion of vaious bale elemens. This enables each one o shae elaed infomaion in eal ime unde NCW envionmen. To obain he effecive fequency use and equied pefomance, wieless sysems ae essenially o keep ineopeabiliy houghou eesial, space, saellie, and sense newoks. Thus he basic guidance of fequency uiliy wih he exclusive assignmen o independen e-use in he ime o space domain can be applied o achieve hose goals [9], [1]. Howeve, o assue ineopeabiliy fo vaious sysems unde NCW envionmen, wih consain in limied miliay speca, in advance, i is necessay o sudy coexisence o compaibiliy analysis fo he balefield scenaios. Recen many sudies in civil applicaions wee pesened in ems of coexisence o shaing beween wo diffeen sevices fom adio elay, fixed saellie, fixed wieless access, WiMAX, aibone ada sysems [2], [11]-[17]. n addiion, o calculae he adio coveage of eesial wieless newok, commecial ools wee shown based on vaious mahemaical adio popagaion models [18]-[2]. Recenly o impove exising models in view of pice and limied funcionaliies of he exising pofessional newok planning ools, a adio signal coveage pedicion sofwae ool was developed fo open-souce geogaphical esouce [21]. On he conay, inefeence sudies wih geogaphic infomaion in miliay bands ae aely pesened due o miliay specialy. Thus he mehodology of inefeence analysis combined wih geogaphic infomaion is essenial o keep ineopeabiliy fo sysems opeaing a he VHF/UHF bands whee he densiy of specum uiliy is geing highe and highe [7]. n his pape, o povide one of fequency coodinaion ools 128

2 in he VHF/UHF bands unde NCW envionmen, fomulaions fo field calculaion and inefeence analysis ae pesened based on Rec. TU-R P.1546 wih geogaphic infomaion. Pefomance and poecion aio including he ne file disciminaion ae examined fo he fixed wieless sysem (FWS) inefeed wih he ada opeaed a he co-channel fequency as well as fequency offse. Also inefeence effec of he eceive is consideed by vaying ada beam diecion ove azimuh and elevaion angles.. FORMULATON OF RECEVED SGNAL A. Rec. TU-R P.1546 and Disciminaion Angle The Recommendaion TU-R P.1546 explains a mehod fo poin-o-aea adio popagaion pedicions fo eesial sevices in he fequency ange of 3 MHz o 3 MHz [22]. can be used fo calculaing field sengh values ove land pahs, sea pahs and/o mixed land-sea pahs beween 1. ~ 1 km fo effecive ansmiing anenna heighs less han 3 m. Fig. 1 shows he field sengh vesus disance cuves fo a fequency of 6 MHz. The popagaion cuves in his Recommendaion mean he elecic field sengh fo 1 kw effecive adiaed powe (ERP) a nominal fequencies of 1, 6, and 2 MHz, especively. Fo any ohe fequencies, inepolaion o exapolaion of he values obained fo hese nominal fequency values should be used o ge field sengh values by viue of he mehods given in his Recommendaion. Tx anenna gain in he diecion of eceive () anenna (dbi), G is he anenna gain in he diecion of he Tx anenna (dbi), L and L ae he oal inseion loss of Tx and (db), especively, and L sands fo he popagaion loss beween p Tx and (db). Fig. 2 shows he geomey of FWS (Tx-) and ada sysems, whee he of FWS may be inefeed wih he ada. Le s define wo vecos, S fom o Tx and fom o ada. Then fom wo vecos one may have a S- plane wih a uni nomal veco a, and an angle beween wo lines can be eadily calculaed by he inne poduc of wo vecos, which is given by cos S S ( 2 ) S ( x x ) x ( y y ) y ( z z ) z ( 3 ) S S S ( x x ) x ( y y ) y ( z z ) z ( 4 ) whee he locaions of Tx,, and ada ae given by x, y, z ), x, y, z ), and x, y, z ), especively, and S ( S S S ( ( ˆx, ŷ, and ẑ denoe he uni vecos in ecangula coodinae sysems. nfomaion of each locaion enails geogaphic infomaion of laiude, longiude, and aliude, and he disance beween wo sysems can be easily obained fom he magniude of each veco. Fig. 2 Geomey of Tx, and ada sysems Based on he Rec. TU-R P.1546 he equivalen basic ansmission loss fo 1 kw ERP is given by Fig. 1 Field sengh vesus disance cuves The eceived powe P (dbm) fom he Fiis fomula can be expessed by [23]. P P G G L L L (1) whee P is he ansmie (Tx) powe (dbm), G means he p L Ep log f (5) p 1 whee L is he basic ansmission loss (db), p E means P he elecic field value ( db( V / m)) obained fom he cuves of Fig. 1, and f is he fequency (MHz). Consideing he fileing effec of eceive seleciviy fo couneacing unwaned signal fom ada in Fig. 2, he eceived inefeence powe P (dbm) of Eq. (1) combined wih Eq. (5) 129

3 is expessed by P EP P G GV L LV 2log 1 f NFD (6) whee P is he peak powe of he inefeing sysem (dbm), G is he anenna gain of he inefeing sysem in he diecion of he vicim eceive (dbi), G is he anenna gain of he V vicim eceive in he diecion of he inefeing sysem (dbi), L and L ae he inseion losses of inefeing sysem and V vicim eceive (db), especively, and NFD is a ne file disciminaion (db) depending upon ansmie specum mask and oveall eceive file chaaceisics. B. Ne File Disciminaion (NFD) The definiion of NFD is given by [24] given link [11]. f one elaes he calculaed ( C / ) wih PR equivalen o minimum equied ( C / ) eflecing he maximum allowable inefeence, he following equaion is obained by ( C / ) ( C / ) min ( PR) (11) link qd n consequence Fig. 3 depics he concep of PR including ( N / ) and minimum equied ( C / N ) whee k is Bolzman s 23 consan ( J / K), T is Kelvin empeaue (K), and B is he eceive bandwidh (Hz). link P c NFD 1 log (7) 1 Pa P c 2 G( f ) H ( f ) df (8) P a 2 G( f f ) H ( f ) df (9) whee P is he oal powe eceived afe co-channel RF, F, c and baseband fileing, and P is he oal powe eceived afe a offse RF, F, and baseband fileing. The funcion of G ( f ) and H( f ) ae ansmie specum mask and oveall eceive file esponse, especively, and f denoes he fequency sepaaion beween a desied signal and an inefeence signal. Theefoe i can be plainly expeced ha NFD yields db fo he co-channel inefeence wih f. n ode o calculae NFD numeically, a discee fom of Eq. (7) may be wien by Fig. 3 Concep of poecion aio Fig. 4 illusaes he FWS inefeed wih poenially muliple inefees aound such as,,...,. Each inefee has is 1 2 n own posiion veco wih espec o and poduces is own S- plane fom wo vecos S and as shown in Fig. 2. Then he i disciminaion angle beween wo vecos can be obained by i he inne poduc, and he anenna gain fo can be found. i n1 TciRci n1 ToiRci 1 1 NFD 1log 1 1 / 1 (1) i i 2 whee n denoes numbe of samples, H ( f ) R ( db) is he eceive mask sampled a a defined sep fequency in co-channel, G( f ) T ( db) means he ansmission mask sampled a a ci defined sep fequency in co-channel, and G( f f ) T ( db) is he ansmission mask sampled a a defined sep fequency in offse. C. Poecion Raio and Muliple nefeences Fo he basic mehod of fequency coodinaion, a geneic inefeence managemen mehodology and cieia based upon he concep of a poecion aio (PR) is adoped. defines a minimum aio of he elaive levels of waned o unwaned signals a he inpu po of he poenial vicim eceive fo a ci oi Fig. 4 Geomey of Tx- and muliple inefees The degadaion of eceived signal caused by he Gaussianlike muliple inefees, combined wih he assumed whie Gaussian noise channel, is expessed by [23], [25] ( N / C) ( / C) 1 ( C / N) (12) ( 1 2 n C / C) ( / C) ( / C),..., ( / ) (13) whee ( N / C) is he hemal noise-o-caie aio, ( / C) is 13

4 he equivalen inefeence-o-caie aio, ( C / N) is he oal degaded ( C / N) due o muliple inefeences, and ( i / C)( i 1,2,..., n) is he i-h inefeence-o- caie aio.. SMULATON AND DSCUSSON A. Viual Geogaphic nfomaion and Field Calculaion To illusae he pocedue fo inefeence calculaion fom he deived fomulaions, geogaphic infomaion of laiude, longiude, and aliude was geneaed viually fom he combinaions of 1 diffeen Gaussian funcions. The aea in 2 Fig. 5-(a) is equal o 54 4[ km]. Fo abiay Tx- locaions in Fig. 5-(a), is pah pofile wih he 1 s Fesnel zone is depiced in Fig. 5-(b). Table 1 FWS paamees and PR Paamees Calculaed Values Remaks Tx powe 27 dbm Cene feq. =2.7 GHz An. gain 4 dbi G =G (C/N) min-qd 26.3 BER QAM w/o coding N dbm BW= 28 MHz C dbm dbm /N= -6. db PR(=C/) db NFD = db Nex, in ode o see inefeence effec of, Fig. 7 shows BER cuves as a funcion of C / fo FWS in Fig. 5 [26]. Fo he cuve of ( C / ) db, i is equivalen o BER cuve of C / N wihou inefeence. is clea ha fom Eq. (12) BER pefomance is damaically degaded as inefeence level inceases. (a) Tx and locaions (b) Pah pofile Fig. 5 Geogaphic infomaion and pah pofile Fig. 6 shows he field sengh values beween Tx and as a funcion of disance, obained a a fequency of 3 MHz, eceive heigh of 1 m, and vaiabiliy of 5 % in locaion and 3 % in ime. Fig. 7 BER pefomance fo C/ n addiion o examine he fileing of eceive seleciviy by NFD, fo insance, he cuve noed by he solid line (a) in Fig. 8 was aken fo a ansmie specum mask (db/mhz), which can be used fo FWS and ada. The cuve (c) was chosen fo he 2 eceive seleciviy expessed by H ( f ) R ( db) which means he squae of he oveall eceive file esponse [27]. The gaphical concep of fequency allocaions fo calculaing NFD ae depiced in Fig. 9. ci Fig. 6 Field sengh values beween Tx and Fo he sake of simpliciy, i was assumed ha he sysem paamees of FWS and ada, especially fo ansmiing fequency, powe, and bandwidh ae aken viually o show he pocedue fo inefeence analysis. The FWS is he adio elay sysem used fo ansmiing daa of STM-1 level, and is opeaing fequency is chosen a 2.7 GHz wih occupied bandwidh of 28 MHz and channel bandwidh of MHz. Table 1 shows he calculaed poecion aio of FWS unde 64-QAM and he maximum allowable / N 6. db. The equied PR yields 32.3 db which is equal o he minimum equied C / fo he co-channel inefeence. Fig. 8 Tx specum mask and eceive seleciviy 131

5 Table 3 Rada sysem chaaceisics Paamees Values Cene fequency 2.7 GHz Peak powe 4 dbm (1 Was) Main beam gain 4 dbi (G =G ) Pulse widh.1 μsec F bandwidh 28 3 db Pulse epeiion ae 2 pps Disance fom 5 km Rada aliude Abou 7 m lowe han Fig. 9 Fequency allocaions of FWS and ada Fig. 1 indicaes he calculaed NFD as a funcion of fequency offse f and gives 1.9 db and 35.9 db a he offse of 1 MHz and 3 MHz, especively. Even hough he inegal ange fo compuing NFD is fom o Hz, he inegaion was acually pefomed fom f 4 MHz o f 4 MHz, whee f is he channel cene fequency, because he cumulaive powe beyond ha bandwidh is negligible. Table 2 summaized he minimum equied PR of FWS including NFD wih espec o fequency offse o he channel cene of FWS. Fig. 11 shows he locaions of FWS and ada on he map wih geogaphic infomaion, whee he disciminaion angle beween wo sysems can be obained by scala poduc of wo vecos, esuling in 2 on he S- plane. Fig. 12 depics he pah pofiles fo Tx- and -Rada, especively. Fig. 11 Geomey of FWS and ada Fig. 12 Pah pofiles of Tx- and -Rada Fig. 1 Calculaed NFD wih fequency offse Table 2 Requied PR wih fequency offse f (MHz) NFD (db) PR (db) On he ohe hand, o calculae ada inefeence a, he case of ada inefeing wih was consideed. Table 3 illusaes he assumed paamees of ada. The cene fequency of ada and is peak powe ae 2.7 GHz and 4 dbm, especively, wih L L db, and ada is opeaed in he V ange fom o f (MHz) egading channel cene of. Also a oaionally symmeical anenna paen was used by Rec. TU-R M.1652 fo ada and F.699 fo FWS wih D / 18 whee D and ae he maximum size of anenna and he wavelengh of fequency, especively [28], [29]. Figs. 13 and 14 illusae he inefeence powe of opeaed a he co-channel of ada. The azimuh angle in Fig. 13 is se o he diecion of ada main beam on he S- plane in Fig. 2. was shown ha he ange of azimuh angle fo less han dbm is geae han abou 7.5. Fig. 13 nefeence powe of in azimuh angle 132

6 n he simila way he elevaion angle in Fig. 14 vaies fom -9 o +9 whee he angle is se o he diecion of main beam of ada on he S- plane. The ange of elevaion angle fo geae han dbm is equal o fom -7.5 o +7.5, which can no saisfy he equied poecion aio of 32.3 db fo he given /N = -6 db. Theefoe i is concluded ha fo he given geomey of Fig. 11 and sysem paamees of Tables 1 and 3, if he off-axis angle fom ada main beam is ou of ange fom -7.5 o +7.5, is possible o povide he qualified pefomance fo he given /N. Ohewise he fequency coodinaion should be done ineviably by adjusing sysem paamees and is locaions ec. fom 28 MHz o 4 MHz. So he esulan values such as C, N, and wee changed, bu he poecion aio keeps consan because he same modulaion as well as /N level ae adoped. The assumed paamees of ada ae he same as Table 3 excep F bandwidh and ada aliude. The ada is opeaed a he co-channel FWS wih 4 MHz, and he aliude of ada is 48 m lowe han ha of. (a) Tx- (b) Rada- Fig. 16 Pah pofiles of Tx- and Rada- Fig. 14 nefeence powe of in elevaion angle B. Real Geogaphic nfomaion and nefeence Analysis To show some compuaional esuls fo a eal map wih 2 8 6[ km ] as shown in Fig. 15, he poin on he map compises geogaphic infomaion of laiude, longiude, and aliude. Fo abiay locaions of Tx,, and ada, pah pofiles wih he 1 s Fesnel zone ae depiced in Fig. 16. And Fig. 17 illusaes he field sengh values beween Tx and as a funcion of disance fo 1 kw ERP, obained a a fequency of 27 MHz, eceive heigh of 1 m, and vaiabiliy of 5 % in locaion and 3 % in ime. Fig. 15 Geogaphic infomaion and sysem locaions The assumed FWS chaaceisics ae illusaed in Table 4, which is he same as Table 1, bu he channel bandwidh vaied Fig. 17 Field sengh values beween Tx and Table 4 FWS paamees and PR Paamees Values Remaks Tx powe 27 dbm Cene feq. =2.7 GHz An. gain 4 dbi G =G (C/N) min-qd 26.3 BER QAM w/o coding N dbm BW=4 MHz C dbm dbm /N= -6. db PR(=C/) db NFD= db Now conside he calculaion of inefeence powe fom Eq. (6) and wo sysems. The disciminaion angle beween Tx- and -Rada in Fig. 15 can be obained by scala poduc of wo vecos S and, esuling in abou 3.8 on he S- plane in Fig. 2. Fig. 18 pesens he disibuion of field sengh E( db( V / m)) aound he ada in Fig. 15, which was obained by Rec. TU-R P.1546 unde 1 kw ERP. Nex, o invesigae he fileing effec of eceive seleciviy by NFD, fo insance, he cuve noed by he solid line (a) in Fig. 19 was aken fo a ansmie specum mask (db/mhz), which can be used fo FWS and ada, and he cuve noed by he 133

7 doed line was chosen fo he eceive seleciviy [3]. The calculaed NFD was shown in Fig. 2 and Table 5. Fig. 18 Field sengh disibuion aound ada sysems fo assuing ineopeabiliy, we consideed he case of ada inefeing wih he, and he oaionally symmeical anenna paens wee adoped fo boh sysems [28], [29]. D / 18 fo FWS was aken whee D is he maximum size of anenna and is he wavelengh of fequency. Fig. 21 shows he inefeence powe of as funcions of fequency offse and azimuh angle. Since he disciminaion angle is 3.8, he anenna gain of can be easily deemined. The azimuh angle is se o he diecion of ada main beam on he S- plane. Fo he cuve of fequency offse f = MHz, which is equivalen o co-channel opeaion, he eceived inefeence powe is lowe han he maximum allowable inefeence level of dbm a he azimuh angle geae han abou 5.5. Also fo he cuve of f 3 MHz, i cosses he line of he maximum allowable inefeence level a abou 4. Consequenly o assue compaibiliy fo of FWS, he ada should have a leas he off-axis angle geae han 5.5 fom he main beam diecion unde he assumed sysem paamees egadless of fequency offse. n he simila way Fig. 22 illusaes he eceived inefeence powe of fo elevaion angle and fequency offse. is noed ha all cuves ae symmeical o due o adoping he oaionally symmeic anenna paen. Fig. 19 Tx specum mask and eceive seleciviy Fig. 21 Received inefeence powe fo azimuh angle Fig. 2 Calculaed NFD wih fequency offse Table 5 Requied PR wih fequency offse f (MHz) NFD (db) PR (db) Finally in ode o check he inefeence effec beween wo Fig. 22 Received inefeence powe fo elevaion angle V. CONCLUSON n his pape, based upon adio popagaion pedicions of 134

8 Rec. TU-R P.1546 used fo eesial sevices in he fequency ange of 3 MHz o 3 MHz, fomulaions of eceived signal and poecion aio have been pesened o assess compaibiliy beween wieless sysems. The minimum coupling loss mehod was adoped fo inefeence analysis, descibing fequency-disance sepaaion ule unde he maximum allowable inefeence level. To illusae some compuaional esuls fo assumed sysem paamees, viual and eal geogaphic daa wee aken ino accoun. Pefomance evaluaions including poecion aio and ne file disciminaion wee accomplished fo he fixed wieless sysem, inefeed wih he ada opeaing a co-channel as well as fequency offse. Moeove inefeence effec of he vicim eceive has been also examined by vaying ada beam diecion wih espec o azimuh and elevaion angles. The developed mehodology can be acually exended o evaluae fequency coodinaion o compaibiliy fo he fequency dependen sysems unde he ne-cenic wafae in he VHF and UHF bands. REFERENCES [1] J. D. Lase and J. H. Reed, nefeence ejecion in wieless communicaions, EEE Commun. Mag., vol. 14, May 1997, pp [2] N. H. Jeong, J. H. Lee, and K. W. Suh, Analysis of fequency shaing beween mobile sysems and adiolocaion adas in VHF band, in The 12h CACT, Koea, Febuay 21, pp [3] K. W. Suh, H. Jung, and J. H. Lee, The calculaion of field sengh fo DTV eceive by Rec. TU-R P.1546, in Poceedings of 21 EEE APACE, Malaysia, Novembe 21 (APACE-21-pape-D-2). [4] Mone Calo simulaion mehodology fo he use in shaing and compaibiliy sudies beween diffeen adio sevices o sysems, Repo TU-R SM.228-1, Swizeland [5] nefeence poecion of eesial mobile sevice sysems using Mone Calo simulaion wih applicaion o fequency shaing, Rec. TU-R M.1634, Swizeland 23. [6] Fequency and disance sepaaions, Rec. TU-R SM.337, Swizeland [7] K. W. Suh, J. S. Jang, J. H. Ahn, C. W. Lee,. S. Shin, and Y. C. Jeon, A sudy on inefeence analysis based on Rec. TU-R P.1546 wih geogaphic infomaion, in poceedings of he 1 s inenaional confeence on compuing, infomaion sysems and communicaions, Singapoe, May 212, pp [8] TU-R Home- hp:// [9] Fequency and disance sepaaions, Rec. TU-R SM.337, Swizeland, [1] Pocedue fo deemining he poenial fo inefeence beween ada opeaing in he adiodeeminaion sevice and sysems in ohe sevices, Rec. TU-R M , Swizeland, 23. [11] K. W. Suh, A genealized fomulaion of he poecion aio applicable o fequency coodinaion in digial adio elay newoks, Radio Science, vol. 42, RS17, doi:1.129/26rs347, 27. [12] L.F. Abdulazak, Z.A. Shamsan, and T.ABD. Rahman, Poenial penaly disance beween FSS eceive and FWA fo Malaysia, WSEAS Tans. on Communicaions, vol. 7, June 28, pp [13] Z. A. Shamsan, L. Faisal, and T. A. 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Hendanoo, and Wiawan, An aea segmenaion saegy fo adapive ansmission o achieve nea-unifom high qualiy coveage in 3 GHz fixed wieless cellula sysems in opical egions, WSEAS Tansacions on Communicaions, ssue 8, Vol. 1, Augus 211, pp [18] Plane and decibel Planne (Maconi), hp:// [19] RPS Radio Popagaion Simulao, hp:// [2] TAP-Teain Analysis Tool, hp:// [21] A. Hova,. Ozimek, A. Vilha, T. Celce,. Saje, and T. Javonik, Radio coveage calculaions of eesial wieless newoks using an open-souce GRASS sysem, WSEAS Tansacions on Communicaions, ssue 1, Vol. 9, Ocobe 21, pp [22] Mehod fo poin-o-aea pedicions fo eesial sevices in he fequency ange 3 MHz o 3 MHz, Rec. TU-R P , Swizeland, 27. [23] R. L. Feeman, Radio sysem design fo elecommunicaion, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, nc. 1997, pp [24] Deivaion of eceive inefeence paamees useful fo planning fixed sevice poin-o-poin sysems opeaing diffeen equipmen classes and/o capaciies, ETS TR , Sophia Anipolis, Fance, 25. [25] Mehods fo deemining he effec of inefeence on he pefomance and he availabiliy of eesial adio-elay sysems and sysems in he fixed-saellie sevice, Rec. TU-R SF.766 Swizeland, [26] A. A. R. Townsend, Digial line-of-sigh adio links: A handbook, Penice Hall, Uppe Saddle Rive, N. J., 1988, pp [27] Fixed adio sysems; poin-o-poin equipmen; high capaciy digial adio sysems caying SDH signals (up o x 2 STM-1) in fequency bands wih abou 3 MHz channel spacing and using co-pola aangemens o co-channel dual polaized opeaion, ETS EN , Sophia Anipolis, Fance, 22. [28] Dynamic fequency selecion in wieless access sysems including adio local aea newoks fo he pupose of poecing he adiodeeminaion sevice in he 5 GHz band, TU-R M. 1652, Swizeland, 211. [29] Refeence adiaion paens fo fixed wieless sysem anennas fo use in coodinaion sudied and inefeence assessmen in he fequency ange fom 1 MHz o abou 7 GHz, Rec. TU-R F. 699, Swizeland, 26. [3] Fixed Radio Sysems; Poin-o-poin equipmen; High capaciy digial adio sysems caying STM-4 in wo 4 MHz channels o 2 x STM-1 in a 4 MHz channel wih alenae channel aangemen, ETS EN : Sophia Anipolis, Fance, 21. Kyoung-Whoan Suh was bon in Gyeung-Ju, Koea, on Mach 16, 196. He eceived he M.S. and Ph. D. degees in Elecical and Eleconic Engineeing fom Koea Advanced nsiue of Science and Technonology (KAST) in 1988 and 1991, especively. He is cuenly a pofesso of Eleconics Engineeing of Kangnam Univesiy since Mach Fom 1991 o 1998 he was woking a SAMSUNG Eleconics Company as a pincipal enginee fo developing he poin-o-poin and poin-o-mulipoin adio elay sysems. His cuen eseach inseess include M/W cicuis and RF Modem, wieless communicaion sysem design and is pefomance, adio popagaion and fequency coodinaion. Jeong-Seok Jang was bon in Gyeonggi-Do, Koea, on Ocobe 22, He eceived he M.S. and Ph. D. degees in Radio Science and Engineeing fom Kwangwoon Univesiy in 28 and 211, especively. His cuen eseach inseess ae M/W cicuis, miliay wieless sysems, and adio popagaion. Jung-Ho Ahn was bon in Seoul, Koea, on June 1, 197. He eceived M.S. degee in Saisics fom Texas A&M Univesiy and Ph.D. degee in Compue Science fom Yonsei Univesiy. He is cuenly an assisan pofesso of a division of Compue and Media nfomaion Engineeing of Kangnam Univesiy since Mach 27. His cuen eseach ineess include paen ecogniion and compue vision algoihm such as face and gesue ecogniion, sma suveilliance ec. 135