APPLICATIONS OF A DIGITAL AUDIO-SIGNAL PROCESSOR IN T.V. SETS

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "APPLICATIONS OF A DIGITAL AUDIO-SIGNAL PROCESSOR IN T.V. SETS"

Transcription

1 Philips J. Res. 39, , 1984 R 1084 APPLICATIONS OF A DIGITAL AUDIO-SIGNAL PROCESSOR IN T.V. SETS by W. J. W. KITZEN and P. M. BOERS Philips Research Laboratories, 5600 JA Eindhoven, The Netherlands Abstract Digital audio-signal processors are already being used in professional applications (mixing consoles, artificial reverberation etc.). In this paper some applications of such a device in a consumer product, e.g. a television set, are discussed. Apart from well-known functions such as tone, volume and balance control the following rather new functions can also be implemented using a digital processor: - a pseudo-stereo circuit that can be used if the television set is equipped to reproduce stereophonic signals, but the program is transmitted in mono, - a stereo base expanding circuit to be used when the two loudspeakers are closely spaced, - a circuit for enhancing the impression of spaciousness, - a volume control with combined loudness correction. PACS number: Introduetion Until now, most of the applications of digital signal processors in the audio field have been professional applications. Because of their rather complex structures and the many components required, those processors were too expensive for consumer products. However VLSI now makes it possible for consumer products to take advantage of digital processing. The advantages are: There is no signal distortion and no processing noise is added if the number of bits that represents the signals in the processor is large enough. A perfect delay line can be implemented digitally which is impossible in an analog way. For many applications a delay line is needed, e.g. a spaciousness enhancing circuit. Quite complex processing can be implemented rather easily. The implementation of a function in a digital processor is in fact a program that consists of instructions, coefficients and (data) RAM addresses. By changing this program, a different function can be implemented, so many functions can be covered with a single processor. In this paper, after a short discussion of the structure of a digital processor, we discuss four applications that can be implemented and used in television sets. 94 Philip, Journul of Research Vol.39 No

2 Applications of a digital audio-signal processor in T.V. sets 2. Structure of a digital processor The basic structure of the digital processor used for our experiments is depicted in fig. 1. Via the I/O ports data from an external device such as an AD converter can be stored in the data RAM. The multiplier can multiply these Fig. 1. Basic structure of digital processor. data by coefficients from the coefficient RAM. The results of some multiplications can be added in the accumulator, which is again connected with the data RAM. Processed data are available for external devices such as a DA converter via the I/O ports. The processor is controlled by a program in the control, address and coefficient RAMs. Each instruction consists of a control word and if necessary a RAM address and a coefficient. A multiplication, for example, involves data on a particular RAM address, a coefficient in the coefficient RAM and a control word in the control RAM. Because we have used random access memories for coefficients as well as for addresses and control words, which can all be updated by a microprocessor via a control interface, the processor is very flexible. This has turned out to be very useful for experiments with different kinds of algorithms. Of course' a digital processor has limitations. One of them is the size of the data RAM, which fixes the maximum delay time that can be implemented. The word-size of the coefficients determines the accuracy of the filters implemented, the word-size of the data RAM the processing noise. The complexity of the applications depends among other things on the speed of the processor, i.e. the speed of the RAMs, ROMs and the multiplier. By using pipe-lining techniques the processor is speeded up: 3. Applications Apart from well-known functions such as tone, volume and balance control some rather new functions can also be implemented with a digital processor. In this paper we discuss four of them. The first function is a pseudo-stereo circuit. At present few television programs are transmitted with stereophonic Phillps Journalof Research Vol. 39 No

3 W. J. W. Kitzen and P. M. Boers sound. With a pseudo-stereo circuit it is possible to convert a monophonic input signal into pseudo-stereophonic output signals. Another function that can be used in a television receiver is a stereo base expanding circuit. In most television sets equipped to reproduce stereophonic signals the two loudspeakers are closely spaced, so the physical stereo base is rather small. By using a stereo base expanding circuit, the apparent stereo base can be widened. We also discuss a spaciousness-enhancing circuit with which it is possible to influence the listener's sense of spaciousness. Finally we describe a volume control with combined loudness correction A pseudo-stereo circuit With monophonic reproduetion the sound is localized in one direction. The objective of a pseudo-stereo circuit is that the sound should be perceived as if it arrives from many directions. Several psycho-acoustical phenomena related to directional hearing can be explained if we assume that our hearing system performs a short-time crosscorrelation process on the two ear-signals. A normalized binaural short-time cross-correlation function as defined by Blauert 1) is: t f /(B) r(b + r) o(t - r) db if:! (r, T) = -00 V J /2(B) O(t - B) db J r 2 (B) O(t - B) db where /(t) is the left signal, r(t) is the right signal and O(t) is a weighting function: o(t) = exp (- t!re). The time constant re is, according to Blauert, certainly smaller than a few milliseconds. By.determining the time r for which the cross-correlation function is maximum, our hearing is able to localize the sound source. If the cross-correlation function is very small for all values of r, then, according to this theory, the sound cannot be localized and the sound image is broadened or diffusely localized. So in order to realize pseudo-stereo the binaural cross-correlation function should be small for all values of r. If a set-up with two loudspeakers is used, a prerequisite for a small binaural cross-correlation is a small crosscorrelation between the two loudspeaker signals. This can be achieved by realizing two impulse responses (from input to the left loudspeaker and from input to the right loudspeaker) having little correlation. There are many practical ways of doing this. Because the localization of sounds is determined by 96 Phlllps Journalof Research Vol.39 No

4 Applications of a digital audio-signal processor in T.V. sets about the first 5 ms of the impulse responses, the actual impulse responses need not be longer than 5 ms. Figure 2 shows a solution proposed by Lauridsen 2) using two complementary comb filters. The left and right output signals in fig. 2 have little correlation since both phase and amplitude tro characteristics of the left and right amplitude 1 3 input "Tbrv 21" 21" - frequency Fig. 2. Pseudo-stereo circuit (see ref. 2). + ~ - frequency impulse responses are different. However, because the amplitude-frequency responses are not flat, these filters may introduce colouration. A solution given by Schroeder "), where the filters in the left and right channels are both allpass filters but have different phase characteristics, is shown in fig. 3. Because of the different phase characteristics an envelope delay difference between left and right channel is introduced which is frequency-dependent. As explained by Schroeder, this results in localization of some frequency envelope delay difference Î input -07 Fig. 3. Pseudo-stereo circuit (see ref. 3). Phllips Journalof Research Vol. 39 No

5 W. J. W. Ki/zen and P. M. Boers components at the position of the left loudspeaker and other components at the right loudspeaker. However, if the time delay r is chosen too large, allpass filters mayalso introduce audible colouration. If we consider a short-time Fourier transform (integration over a finite time interval) of the impulse response, such a filter is not allpass at all, and, as we have seen before, the integration time of our hearing is only a few milliseconds Stereo base expanding Stereo sound reproduetion in a stereo set-up may create virtual sources at every position between the loudspeakers, Le. the stereo base. If the loudspeakers are closely spaced, the small stereo base can be widened by applying delayed crosstalk in anti ph ase between the two channels, as has been explained recently 4). Suppose we apply a signal only at the right input (fig. 4). If no crosstalk is applied, a listener in the plane of symmetry localizes the source at the right virtual is ~rt1 \. ~\ \ \ \ Li H~CDf+_Lo~ ~\\\ IOUT/1W real ~ Ri-.J..._ II~+CDH-~ / Ra /,,/ virtual Is _~ / Fig. 4. Stereo base expanding circuit. loudspeaker position. If undelayed crosstalk in antiphase (r = 0) is applied, a virtual source will shift to the right. This is caused by the increased interaural phase and group delays 4). Thus, the right loudspeaker in fig. 4 is replaced by a virtual one shifted to the right and the left loudspeaker by a virtual one shifted 98 Phllips Journalof Research Vol.39 No

6 Applications of a digital audio-signal processor in T.V. sets to the left, Le. the stereo base has been widened. Adding a small delay of about 0.1 ms in the crosstalk circuit will make the effect more pronounced. This is brought about by interaurallevel differences which, for a listener in the plane of symmetry, reinforce the effect of the interaural time delay differences. A disadvantage of this crosstalk in fig. 4 is that, in the low frequency range, the input signals R, and L, (when they are completely correlated) will be attenuated, whereas when uncorrelated the signals will be amplified. In the case of correlated signals (La = Ri) the output signals are: for WT«1t '2' When t.; and R i are uncorrelated and 1t = 1 s, 1 2 : In the case of normal stereo signals, the left and right signals are highly correlated in the low-frequency range and uncorrelated at high frequencies. The attenuation of the low frequencies relative to the high frequencies is therefore: For a = 0.7 this is about 12 db. This can be corrected by using a bass-boost filter before the crosstalk processing A spaciousness-enhancing circuit In a real room, e.g. a concert hall, the impression of spaciousness is caused by the' early reflections via the side-walls that arrive within t < 100 ms 5). Because of these reflections signals with little correlation reach the ears of a listener. To enhance the impression of spaciousness in an artificial way, therefore, delayed signals should be added to the original signals that are uncorrelated. The signals should be delayed because we do not want to influence the localization of the sounds. Here too, then, as in the pseudo-stereo circuit, we must realize two impulse responses that are uncorrelated, but in this case the impulse responses should be longer (about 50 ms). A circuit with which this is possible shown in fig. 5a. In order to produce many reflections, a recursive filter is used. Each channel consists of a delay line with a feedback loop. The Phllips Journal of Research VoJ. 39 No

7 W. J. W. Kitzen and P. M. Boers -time t direct sound reflections -time Fig. 5a. Spaciousness-enhancing circuit. output of that structure is added to the original input signal. So the impulse responses from the input to the outputs consist of an impulse at t = 0, which represents the direct sound, and a large number of reflections. By choosing different delays and feedback factors in the left and right channels, the correlation of the impulse response of the left channel with the impulse response of the right channel is made small. By changing the amplitude of the uncorrelated signals to be added to the original signals (variable 13), the impression of spaciousness can be adjusted. The comb filter effect in the circuit may produce colouration. This effect can be reduced by making the feedback factor a frequency dependent (fig. 5b). As a consequence the length of the impulse responses for frequencies higher than about 1500 Hz is reduced. However this - frequency Fig. 5b. Frequency dependency of feedback factor u. 100 Philips JournnI of Research Vol.39 No

8 Applications of a digital audio-signal processor in T.V. sets does not affect the impression of spaciousness because this impression, according to Barron, is mainly determined by the low frequencies 5). Because the localization of the sources depends only on the first arriving sound, i.e. the first 5 ms of the impulse responses, it is unaffected by the circuit when Tt,r > 5 ms. If the input signal is to be reproduced by two loudspeakers that are closely spaced, the decorrelated signals can also be reproduced via an expanded stereo circuit Volume control combined with loudness-correction Loudness is the subjective quantity by which we measure the perceived sound pressure level. The way loudness increases with sound pressure level strongly depends on frequency for frequencies below about 400 Hz 6 ). As follows from the equalloudness contours (fig. 6), the reproduetion of music _ frequency (Hz) Fig. 6. Equal-loudness contours (see ref. 6). at a level below the originallevel will lead to a decrease in loudness of the low frequencies relative to the high frequencies i.e. a change in timbre. To compensate for this effect a simple first-order filter can be implemented which enhances the low frequencies more the lower the setting of the volume control (fig. 7). Here the output level of 0 db corresponds to the level in the studio mixing room. We assume that the timbre at this level is optimal without any correction. Philips Journalof Research Vol. 39 No

9 W. J. W. Kitzen and P. M. Boers oufpuffdb} volume = i maximal O~ dB -20dB volume control - frequency Fig. 7. Volume control combined with loudness-correction. 4. Conclusions We have discussed some applications of a digital signal processor in a T.V. set. One of the advantages of our digital processor, because of its flexibility, is the ease with which one can experiment with different algorithms and compare their qualities. If a single digital processor is to do all the processing for tone and balance control as well as for pseudo-stereo, stereo base expanding, spaciousness and volume control with combined loudness correction, then its speed should be about 100 instructions/sample period. The wordlength of the data depends on the desired SIN ratio, the wordlength of the coefficients on the desired accuracy of the filters. With the VLSI technology of today it is possible to integrate such a processor on one single chip. Such a chip will constitute a powerfull building block which performs all kinds of processing, not only for applications in a television set but also for other sound reproducing systems. REFERENCES ') J. Blauert, Raumliches Horen, S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, 1974, English 'Edition: Spatial Hearing, MIT Press, Boston, Mass., 1983; cf ) H. Laur i'dsen and F. Schleger, Gravesaner Blatter, H.S, 27 (1956). 3) M. R. Schroeder, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33, 1061 (1961). 4) P. M. Boers, ABS 73rd Cony. Eindhoven, The Netherlands, No (A5) (March 1983). 6) M. F. E. Barron, The effects of early reflections on the subjective quality in concert halls, Doctor's thesis, University of Southampton (1974). 6) D. W. Robinson and R. S. Dadson, Brit. J. Appl, Phys. 7, 156 (1956). ISO Recommendation R ' 102 Phillps JournnI of Research Vol.39 No

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics

Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Volume 19, 2013 http://acousticalsociety.org/ ICA 2013 Montreal Montreal, Canada 2-7 June 2013 Architectural Acoustics Session 2aAAa: Adapting, Enhancing, and Fictionalizing

More information

Acoustics II: Kurt Heutschi recording technique. stereo recording. microphone positioning. surround sound recordings.

Acoustics II: Kurt Heutschi recording technique. stereo recording. microphone positioning. surround sound recordings. demo Acoustics II: recording Kurt Heutschi 2013-01-18 demo Stereo recording: Patent Blumlein, 1931 demo in a real listening experience in a room, different contributions are perceived with directional

More information

Envelopment and Small Room Acoustics

Envelopment and Small Room Acoustics Envelopment and Small Room Acoustics David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730 Copyright 9/21/00 by David Griesinger Preview of results Loudness isn t everything! At least two additional perceptions:

More information

Surround: The Current Technological Situation. David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA

Surround: The Current Technological Situation. David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA Surround: The Current Technological Situation David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730 www.world.std.com/~griesngr There are many open questions 1. What is surround sound 2. Who will listen

More information

Validation of lateral fraction results in room acoustic measurements

Validation of lateral fraction results in room acoustic measurements Validation of lateral fraction results in room acoustic measurements Daniel PROTHEROE 1 ; Christopher DAY 2 1, 2 Marshall Day Acoustics, New Zealand ABSTRACT The early lateral energy fraction (LF) is one

More information

Sound source localization and its use in multimedia applications

Sound source localization and its use in multimedia applications Notes for lecture/ Zack Settel, McGill University Sound source localization and its use in multimedia applications Introduction With the arrival of real-time binaural or "3D" digital audio processing,

More information

Introduction. 1.1 Surround sound

Introduction. 1.1 Surround sound Introduction 1 This chapter introduces the project. First a brief description of surround sound is presented. A problem statement is defined which leads to the goal of the project. Finally the scope of

More information

Evaluation of a new stereophonic reproduction method with moving sweet spot using a binaural localization model

Evaluation of a new stereophonic reproduction method with moving sweet spot using a binaural localization model Evaluation of a new stereophonic reproduction method with moving sweet spot using a binaural localization model Sebastian Merchel and Stephan Groth Chair of Communication Acoustics, Dresden University

More information

Digitally controlled Active Noise Reduction with integrated Speech Communication

Digitally controlled Active Noise Reduction with integrated Speech Communication Digitally controlled Active Noise Reduction with integrated Speech Communication Herman J.M. Steeneken and Jan Verhave TNO Human Factors, Soesterberg, The Netherlands herman@steeneken.com ABSTRACT Active

More information

III. Publication III. c 2005 Toni Hirvonen.

III. Publication III. c 2005 Toni Hirvonen. III Publication III Hirvonen, T., Segregation of Two Simultaneously Arriving Narrowband Noise Signals as a Function of Spatial and Frequency Separation, in Proceedings of th International Conference on

More information

FIR/Convolution. Visulalizing the convolution sum. Convolution

FIR/Convolution. Visulalizing the convolution sum. Convolution FIR/Convolution CMPT 368: Lecture Delay Effects Tamara Smyth, tamaras@cs.sfu.ca School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University April 2, 27 Since the feedforward coefficient s of the FIR filter are

More information

Reducing comb filtering on different musical instruments using time delay estimation

Reducing comb filtering on different musical instruments using time delay estimation Reducing comb filtering on different musical instruments using time delay estimation Alice Clifford and Josh Reiss Queen Mary, University of London alice.clifford@eecs.qmul.ac.uk Abstract Comb filtering

More information

Auditory Localization

Auditory Localization Auditory Localization CMPT 468: Sound Localization Tamara Smyth, tamaras@cs.sfu.ca School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University November 15, 2013 Auditory locatlization is the human perception

More information

Multichannel Audio Technologies. More on Surround Sound Microphone Techniques:

Multichannel Audio Technologies. More on Surround Sound Microphone Techniques: Multichannel Audio Technologies More on Surround Sound Microphone Techniques: In the last lecture we focused on recording for accurate stereophonic imaging using the LCR channels. Today, we look at the

More information

Psychoacoustic Cues in Room Size Perception

Psychoacoustic Cues in Room Size Perception Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 116th Convention 2004 May 8 11 Berlin, Germany 6084 This convention paper has been reproduced from the author s advance manuscript, without editing,

More information

A CLOSER LOOK AT THE REPRESENTATION OF INTERAURAL DIFFERENCES IN A BINAURAL MODEL

A CLOSER LOOK AT THE REPRESENTATION OF INTERAURAL DIFFERENCES IN A BINAURAL MODEL 9th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, -7 SEPTEMBER 7 A CLOSER LOOK AT THE REPRESENTATION OF INTERAURAL DIFFERENCES IN A BINAURAL MODEL PACS: PACS:. Pn Nicolas Le Goff ; Armin Kohlrausch ; Jeroen

More information

MUS 302 ENGINEERING SECTION

MUS 302 ENGINEERING SECTION MUS 302 ENGINEERING SECTION Wiley Ross: Recording Studio Coordinator Email =>ross@email.arizona.edu Twitter=> https://twitter.com/ssor Web page => http://www.arts.arizona.edu/studio Youtube Channel=>http://www.youtube.com/user/wileyross

More information

FIR/Convolution. Visulalizing the convolution sum. Frequency-Domain (Fast) Convolution

FIR/Convolution. Visulalizing the convolution sum. Frequency-Domain (Fast) Convolution FIR/Convolution CMPT 468: Delay Effects Tamara Smyth, tamaras@cs.sfu.ca School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University November 8, 23 Since the feedforward coefficient s of the FIR filter are the

More information

[Q] DEFINE AUDIO AMPLIFIER. STATE ITS TYPE. DRAW ITS FREQUENCY RESPONSE CURVE.

[Q] DEFINE AUDIO AMPLIFIER. STATE ITS TYPE. DRAW ITS FREQUENCY RESPONSE CURVE. TOPIC : HI FI AUDIO AMPLIFIER/ AUDIO SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION TO AMPLIFIERS: MONO, STEREO DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STEREO AMPLIFIER AND MONO AMPLIFIER. [Q] DEFINE AUDIO AMPLIFIER. STATE ITS TYPE. DRAW ITS FREQUENCY

More information

AN AUDITORILY MOTIVATED ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ROOM IMPULSE RESPONSES

AN AUDITORILY MOTIVATED ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ROOM IMPULSE RESPONSES Proceedings of the COST G-6 Conference on Digital Audio Effects (DAFX-), Verona, Italy, December 7-9,2 AN AUDITORILY MOTIVATED ANALYSIS METHOD FOR ROOM IMPULSE RESPONSES Tapio Lokki Telecommunications

More information

CONTENTS. Preface...vii. Acknowledgments...ix. Chapter 1: Behavior of Sound...1. Chapter 2: The Ear and Hearing...11

CONTENTS. Preface...vii. Acknowledgments...ix. Chapter 1: Behavior of Sound...1. Chapter 2: The Ear and Hearing...11 CONTENTS Preface...vii Acknowledgments...ix Chapter 1: Behavior of Sound...1 The Sound Wave...1 Frequency...2 Amplitude...3 Velocity...4 Wavelength...4 Acoustical Phase...4 Sound Envelope...7 Direct, Early,

More information

Impulse Response Measurements Using All-Pass Deconvolution David Griesinger

Impulse Response Measurements Using All-Pass Deconvolution David Griesinger Impulse Response Measurements Using All-Pass Deconvolution David Griesinger Lexicon, Inc. Waltham, Massachusetts 02154, USA A method of measuring impulse responses of rooms will be described which uses

More information

IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION OF A BINAURAL HEARING MODEL TO THE OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF SPATIAL IMPRESSION

IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION OF A BINAURAL HEARING MODEL TO THE OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF SPATIAL IMPRESSION IMPLEMENTATION AND APPLICATION OF A BINAURAL HEARING MODEL TO THE OBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF SPATIAL IMPRESSION RUSSELL MASON Institute of Sound Recording, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK r.mason@surrey.ac.uk

More information

Final Exam Study Guide: Introduction to Computer Music Course Staff April 24, 2015

Final Exam Study Guide: Introduction to Computer Music Course Staff April 24, 2015 Final Exam Study Guide: 15-322 Introduction to Computer Music Course Staff April 24, 2015 This document is intended to help you identify and master the main concepts of 15-322, which is also what we intend

More information

The relation between perceived apparent source width and interaural cross-correlation in sound reproduction spaces with low reverberation

The relation between perceived apparent source width and interaural cross-correlation in sound reproduction spaces with low reverberation Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Feb 05, 2018 The relation between perceived apparent source width and interaural cross-correlation in sound reproduction spaces with low reverberation Käsbach, Johannes;

More information

CMPT 468: Delay Effects

CMPT 468: Delay Effects CMPT 468: Delay Effects Tamara Smyth, tamaras@cs.sfu.ca School of Computing Science, Simon Fraser University November 8, 2013 1 FIR/Convolution Since the feedforward coefficient s of the FIR filter are

More information

INVESTIGATING BINAURAL LOCALISATION ABILITIES FOR PROPOSING A STANDARDISED TESTING ENVIRONMENT FOR BINAURAL SYSTEMS

INVESTIGATING BINAURAL LOCALISATION ABILITIES FOR PROPOSING A STANDARDISED TESTING ENVIRONMENT FOR BINAURAL SYSTEMS 20-21 September 2018, BULGARIA 1 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technologies (InfoTech-2018) 20-21 September 2018, Bulgaria INVESTIGATING BINAURAL LOCALISATION ABILITIES FOR

More information

Spatial audio is a field that

Spatial audio is a field that [applications CORNER] Ville Pulkki and Matti Karjalainen Multichannel Audio Rendering Using Amplitude Panning Spatial audio is a field that investigates techniques to reproduce spatial attributes of sound

More information

Improving room acoustics at low frequencies with multiple loudspeakers and time based room correction

Improving room acoustics at low frequencies with multiple loudspeakers and time based room correction Improving room acoustics at low frequencies with multiple loudspeakers and time based room correction S.B. Nielsen a and A. Celestinos b a Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 B, 9220 Aalborg Ø, Denmark

More information

NAME STUDENT # ELEC 484 Audio Signal Processing. Midterm Exam July Listening test

NAME STUDENT # ELEC 484 Audio Signal Processing. Midterm Exam July Listening test NAME STUDENT # ELEC 484 Audio Signal Processing Midterm Exam July 2008 CLOSED BOOK EXAM Time 1 hour Listening test Choose one of the digital audio effects for each sound example. Put only ONE mark in each

More information

DECORRELATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE RENDERING OF APPARENT SOUND SOURCE WIDTH IN 3D AUDIO DISPLAYS. Guillaume Potard, Ian Burnett

DECORRELATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE RENDERING OF APPARENT SOUND SOURCE WIDTH IN 3D AUDIO DISPLAYS. Guillaume Potard, Ian Burnett 04 DAFx DECORRELATION TECHNIQUES FOR THE RENDERING OF APPARENT SOUND SOURCE WIDTH IN 3D AUDIO DISPLAYS Guillaume Potard, Ian Burnett School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering University

More information

On the function of the violin - vibration excitation and sound radiation.

On the function of the violin - vibration excitation and sound radiation. TMH-QPSR 4/1996 On the function of the violin - vibration excitation and sound radiation. Erik V Jansson Abstract The bow-string interaction results in slip-stick motions of the bowed string. The slip

More information

Predicting localization accuracy for stereophonic downmixes in Wave Field Synthesis

Predicting localization accuracy for stereophonic downmixes in Wave Field Synthesis Predicting localization accuracy for stereophonic downmixes in Wave Field Synthesis Hagen Wierstorf Assessment of IP-based Applications, T-Labs, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany. Sascha Spors

More information

ROOM SHAPE AND SIZE ESTIMATION USING DIRECTIONAL IMPULSE RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS

ROOM SHAPE AND SIZE ESTIMATION USING DIRECTIONAL IMPULSE RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS ROOM SHAPE AND SIZE ESTIMATION USING DIRECTIONAL IMPULSE RESPONSE MEASUREMENTS PACS: 4.55 Br Gunel, Banu Sonic Arts Research Centre (SARC) School of Computer Science Queen s University Belfast Belfast,

More information

inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE

inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 0.0 INTERACTIVE VEHICLE

More information

Convention Paper Presented at the 126th Convention 2009 May 7 10 Munich, Germany

Convention Paper Presented at the 126th Convention 2009 May 7 10 Munich, Germany Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 16th Convention 9 May 7 Munich, Germany The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract and extended precis

More information

Intensity Discrimination and Binaural Interaction

Intensity Discrimination and Binaural Interaction Technical University of Denmark Intensity Discrimination and Binaural Interaction 2 nd semester project DTU Electrical Engineering Acoustic Technology Spring semester 2008 Group 5 Troels Schmidt Lindgreen

More information

Additional Reference Document

Additional Reference Document Audio Editing Additional Reference Document Session 1 Introduction to Adobe Audition 1.1.3 Technical Terms Used in Audio Different applications use different sample rates. Following are the list of sample

More information

ELEC 484: Final Project Report Developing an Artificial Reverberation System for a Virtual Sound Stage

ELEC 484: Final Project Report Developing an Artificial Reverberation System for a Virtual Sound Stage ELEC 484: Final Project Report Developing an Artificial Reverberation System for a Virtual Sound Stage Sondra K. Moyls V00213653 Professor: Peter Driessen Wednesday August 7, 2013 Table of Contents 1.0

More information

19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, 2-7 SEPTEMBER 2007 VIRTUAL AUDIO REPRODUCED IN A HEADREST

19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, 2-7 SEPTEMBER 2007 VIRTUAL AUDIO REPRODUCED IN A HEADREST 19 th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ACOUSTICS MADRID, 2-7 SEPTEMBER 2007 VIRTUAL AUDIO REPRODUCED IN A HEADREST PACS: 43.25.Lj M.Jones, S.J.Elliott, T.Takeuchi, J.Beer Institute of Sound and Vibration Research;

More information

The psychoacoustics of reverberation

The psychoacoustics of reverberation The psychoacoustics of reverberation Steven van de Par Steven.van.de.Par@uni-oldenburg.de July 19, 2016 Thanks to Julian Grosse and Andreas Häußler 2016 AES International Conference on Sound Field Control

More information

General overview of spatial impression, envelopment, localization, and externalization

General overview of spatial impression, envelopment, localization, and externalization General overview of spatial impression, envelopment, localization, and externalization David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730 dg@lexicon.com Abstract This paper will provide an overview

More information

A Digital Signal Processor for Musicians and Audiophiles Published on Monday, 09 February :54

A Digital Signal Processor for Musicians and Audiophiles Published on Monday, 09 February :54 A Digital Signal Processor for Musicians and Audiophiles Published on Monday, 09 February 2009 09:54 The main focus of hearing aid research and development has been on the use of hearing aids to improve

More information

Principles of Musical Acoustics

Principles of Musical Acoustics William M. Hartmann Principles of Musical Acoustics ^Spr inger Contents 1 Sound, Music, and Science 1 1.1 The Source 2 1.2 Transmission 3 1.3 Receiver 3 2 Vibrations 1 9 2.1 Mass and Spring 9 2.1.1 Definitions

More information

Listening with Headphones

Listening with Headphones Listening with Headphones Main Types of Errors Front-back reversals Angle error Some Experimental Results Most front-back errors are front-to-back Substantial individual differences Most evident in elevation

More information

Speaker placement, externalization, and envelopment in home listening rooms

Speaker placement, externalization, and envelopment in home listening rooms Speaker placement, externalization, and envelopment in home listening rooms David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730 dg@lexicon.com Abstract The ideal number and placement of low frequency

More information

A binaural auditory model and applications to spatial sound evaluation

A binaural auditory model and applications to spatial sound evaluation A binaural auditory model and applications to spatial sound evaluation Ma r k o Ta k a n e n 1, Ga ë ta n Lo r h o 2, a n d Mat t i Ka r ja l a i n e n 1 1 Helsinki University of Technology, Dept. of Signal

More information

Sound, acoustics Slides based on: Rossing, The science of sound, 1990.

Sound, acoustics Slides based on: Rossing, The science of sound, 1990. Sound, acoustics Slides based on: Rossing, The science of sound, 1990. Acoustics 1 1 Introduction Acoustics 2! The word acoustics refers to the science of sound and is a subcategory of physics! Room acoustics

More information

Accurate sound reproduction from two loudspeakers in a living room

Accurate sound reproduction from two loudspeakers in a living room Accurate sound reproduction from two loudspeakers in a living room Siegfried Linkwitz 13-Apr-08 (1) D M A B Visual Scene 13-Apr-08 (2) What object is this? 19-Apr-08 (3) Perception of sound 13-Apr-08 (4)

More information

RECENT EXPERIENCES WITH ELECTRONIC ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT IN CONCERT HALLS AND OPERA HOUSES

RECENT EXPERIENCES WITH ELECTRONIC ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT IN CONCERT HALLS AND OPERA HOUSES RECENT EXPERIENCES WITH ELECTRONIC ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT IN CONCERT HALLS AND OPERA HOUSES David Griesinger Lexicon 3 Oak Park Bedford, MA 01730 dg@lexicon.com www.lares-lexicon.com Contents: Major Message:

More information

EQ s & Frequency Processing

EQ s & Frequency Processing LESSON 9 EQ s & Frequency Processing Assignment: Read in your MRT textbook pages 403-441 This reading will cover the next few lessons Complete the Quiz at the end of this chapter Equalization We will now

More information

SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 1

SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 1 SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 1 SOUND 1 ACOUSTICS AND PSYCHOACOUSTICS SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 2 The Ear: SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 3 The Ear: The ear is the organ of hearing. SOUND 1 -- ACOUSTICS 4 The Ear: The outer ear

More information

ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC)

ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) ALL ABOUT NOISE ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) Any type of electrical transmission where the current repeatedly changes direction, and the voltage varies between maxima and minima. Therefore, any electrical

More information

Convention Paper 7024 Presented at the 122th Convention 2007 May 5 8 Vienna, Austria

Convention Paper 7024 Presented at the 122th Convention 2007 May 5 8 Vienna, Austria Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper 7024 Presented at the 122th Convention 2007 May 5 8 Vienna, Austria This convention paper has been reproduced from the author's advance manuscript, without editing,

More information

THE PERCEPTION OF ALL-PASS COMPONENTS IN TRANSFER FUNCTIONS

THE PERCEPTION OF ALL-PASS COMPONENTS IN TRANSFER FUNCTIONS PACS Reference: 43.66.Pn THE PERCEPTION OF ALL-PASS COMPONENTS IN TRANSFER FUNCTIONS Pauli Minnaar; Jan Plogsties; Søren Krarup Olesen; Flemming Christensen; Henrik Møller Department of Acoustics Aalborg

More information

CADP2 Technical Notes Vol. 1, No 1

CADP2 Technical Notes Vol. 1, No 1 CADP Technical Notes Vol. 1, No 1 CADP Design Applications The Average Complex Summation Introduction Before the arrival of commercial computer sound system design programs in 1983, level prediction for

More information

APPLICATIONS OF DYNAMIC DIFFUSE SIGNAL PROCESSING IN SOUND REINFORCEMENT AND REPRODUCTION

APPLICATIONS OF DYNAMIC DIFFUSE SIGNAL PROCESSING IN SOUND REINFORCEMENT AND REPRODUCTION APPLICATIONS OF DYNAMIC DIFFUSE SIGNAL PROCESSING IN SOUND REINFORCEMENT AND REPRODUCTION J Moore AJ Hill Department of Electronics, Computing and Mathematics, University of Derby, UK Department of Electronics,

More information

Room Acoustics. March 27th 2015

Room Acoustics. March 27th 2015 Room Acoustics March 27th 2015 Question How many reflections do you think a sound typically undergoes before it becomes inaudible? As an example take a 100dB sound. How long before this reaches 40dB?

More information

6-channel recording/reproduction system for 3-dimensional auralization of sound fields

6-channel recording/reproduction system for 3-dimensional auralization of sound fields Acoust. Sci. & Tech. 23, 2 (2002) TECHNICAL REPORT 6-channel recording/reproduction system for 3-dimensional auralization of sound fields Sakae Yokoyama 1;*, Kanako Ueno 2;{, Shinichi Sakamoto 2;{ and

More information

Bass Extension Comparison: Waves MaxxBass and SRS TruBass TM

Bass Extension Comparison: Waves MaxxBass and SRS TruBass TM Bass Extension Comparison: Waves MaxxBass and SRS TruBass TM Meir Shashoua Chief Technical Officer Waves, Tel Aviv, Israel Meir@kswaves.com Paul Bundschuh Vice President of Marketing Waves, Austin, Texas

More information

EBU UER. european broadcasting union. Listening conditions for the assessment of sound programme material. Supplement 1.

EBU UER. european broadcasting union. Listening conditions for the assessment of sound programme material. Supplement 1. EBU Tech 3276-E Listening conditions for the assessment of sound programme material Revised May 2004 Multichannel sound EBU UER european broadcasting union Geneva EBU - Listening conditions for the assessment

More information

Spatialisation accuracy of a Virtual Performance System

Spatialisation accuracy of a Virtual Performance System Spatialisation accuracy of a Virtual Performance System Iain Laird, Dr Paul Chapman, Digital Design Studio, Glasgow School of Art, Glasgow, UK, I.Laird1@gsa.ac.uk, p.chapman@gsa.ac.uk Dr Damian Murphy

More information

A Realtime Multichannel Room Simulator

A Realtime Multichannel Room Simulator A Realtime Multichannel Room Simulator Bill Gardner Perceptual Computing Group MIT Media Lab, E15-368C 20 Ames St. Cambridge, MA 02139 Internet: billg@media.mit.edu October 30, 1992 Abstract A room simulator

More information

The NEVATON BPT - "Blumlein-Pfanzagl-Triple" 3-capsule Stereo- and Surround-Microphone with Center-Zoom Function: ready for 5.1, 7.

The NEVATON BPT - Blumlein-Pfanzagl-Triple 3-capsule Stereo- and Surround-Microphone with Center-Zoom Function: ready for 5.1, 7. The NEVATON BPT - "Blumlein-Pfanzagl-Triple" 3-capsule Stereo- and Surround-Microphone with Center-Zoom Function: ready for 5.1, 7.1 and beyond USER MANUAL Vers. 1.3 Ser. # 1 0. Preamble Why build a 3

More information

Impulse response. Frequency response

Impulse response. Frequency response CLIOwin 7, by Audiomatica, is the new measurement software for the CLIO System. The CLIO System is the easiest and less expensive way to measure: - electrical networks - electronic equipment - loudspeaker

More information

DREAM DSP LIBRARY. All images property of DREAM.

DREAM DSP LIBRARY. All images property of DREAM. DREAM DSP LIBRARY One of the pioneers in digital audio, DREAM has been developing DSP code for over 30 years. But the company s roots go back even further to 1977, when their founder was granted his first

More information

Binaural Hearing. Reading: Yost Ch. 12

Binaural Hearing. Reading: Yost Ch. 12 Binaural Hearing Reading: Yost Ch. 12 Binaural Advantages Sounds in our environment are usually complex, and occur either simultaneously or close together in time. Studies have shown that the ability to

More information

A Low-Power Broad-Bandwidth Noise Cancellation VLSI Circuit Design for In-Ear Headphones

A Low-Power Broad-Bandwidth Noise Cancellation VLSI Circuit Design for In-Ear Headphones A Low-Power Broad-Bandwidth Noise Cancellation VLSI Circuit Design for In-Ear Headphones Abstract: Conventional active noise cancelling (ANC) headphones often perform well in reducing the lowfrequency

More information

6 TH GENERATION PROFESSIONAL SOUND FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

6 TH GENERATION PROFESSIONAL SOUND FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS 6 TH GENERATION PROFESSIONAL SOUND FOR CONSUMER ELECTRONICS Waves MaxxAudio is a suite of advanced audio enhancement tools that brings award-winning professional technologies to consumer electronics devices.

More information

Live multi-track audio recording

Live multi-track audio recording Live multi-track audio recording Joao Luiz Azevedo de Carvalho EE522 Project - Spring 2007 - University of Southern California Abstract In live multi-track audio recording, each microphone perceives sound

More information

Perceptual Band Allocation (PBA) for the Rendering of Vertical Image Spread with a Vertical 2D Loudspeaker Array

Perceptual Band Allocation (PBA) for the Rendering of Vertical Image Spread with a Vertical 2D Loudspeaker Array Journal of the Audio Engineering Society Vol. 64, No. 12, December 2016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17743/jaes.2016.0052 Perceptual Band Allocation (PBA) for the Rendering of Vertical Image Spread with a Vertical

More information

Audio Engineering Society. Convention Paper. Presented at the 124th Convention 2008 May Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Audio Engineering Society. Convention Paper. Presented at the 124th Convention 2008 May Amsterdam, The Netherlands Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 124th Convention 2008 May 17 20 Amsterdam, The Netherlands The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract

More information

Terminology (1) Chapter 3. Terminology (3) Terminology (2) Transmitter Receiver Medium. Data Transmission. Direct link. Point-to-point.

Terminology (1) Chapter 3. Terminology (3) Terminology (2) Transmitter Receiver Medium. Data Transmission. Direct link. Point-to-point. Terminology (1) Chapter 3 Data Transmission Transmitter Receiver Medium Guided medium e.g. twisted pair, optical fiber Unguided medium e.g. air, water, vacuum Spring 2012 03-1 Spring 2012 03-2 Terminology

More information

Monitor Setup Guide The right monitors. The correct setup. Proper sound.

Monitor Setup Guide The right monitors. The correct setup. Proper sound. Monitor Setup Guide 2017 The right monitors. The correct setup. Proper sound. Table of contents Genelec Key Technologies 3 What is a monitor? 4 What is a reference monitor? 4 Selecting the correct monitors

More information

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE OPTIMAL USE OF DITHER

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE OPTIMAL USE OF DITHER EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE OPTIMAL USE OF DITHER PACS: 43.60.Cg Preben Kvist 1, Karsten Bo Rasmussen 2, Torben Poulsen 1 1 Acoustic Technology, Ørsted DTU, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800

More information

Digital Signal Processing of Speech for the Hearing Impaired

Digital Signal Processing of Speech for the Hearing Impaired Digital Signal Processing of Speech for the Hearing Impaired N. Magotra, F. Livingston, S. Savadatti, S. Kamath Texas Instruments Incorporated 12203 Southwest Freeway Stafford TX 77477 Abstract This paper

More information

inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE

inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 6.1 AUDIBILITY OF COMPLEX

More information

The Subjective and Objective. Evaluation of. Room Correction Products

The Subjective and Objective. Evaluation of. Room Correction Products The Subjective and Objective 2003 Consumer Clinic Test Sedan (n=245 Untrained, n=11 trained) Evaluation of 2004 Consumer Clinic Test Sedan (n=310 Untrained, n=9 trained) Room Correction Products Text Text

More information

Combining Subjective and Objective Assessment of Loudspeaker Distortion Marian Liebig Wolfgang Klippel

Combining Subjective and Objective Assessment of Loudspeaker Distortion Marian Liebig Wolfgang Klippel Combining Subjective and Objective Assessment of Loudspeaker Distortion Marian Liebig (m.liebig@klippel.de) Wolfgang Klippel (wklippel@klippel.de) Abstract To reproduce an artist s performance, the loudspeakers

More information

MULTICHANNEL CONTROL OF SPATIAL EXTENT THROUGH SINUSOIDAL PARTIAL MODULATION (SPM)

MULTICHANNEL CONTROL OF SPATIAL EXTENT THROUGH SINUSOIDAL PARTIAL MODULATION (SPM) MULTICHANNEL CONTROL OF SPATIAL EXTENT THROUGH SINUSOIDAL PARTIAL MODULATION (SPM) Andrés Cabrera Media Arts and Technology University of California Santa Barbara, USA andres@mat.ucsb.edu Gary Kendall

More information

Practical applications of digital filters

Practical applications of digital filters News & Analysis Practical applications of digital filters David Zaucha, Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas, USA 2/20/2003 01:12 AM EST Post a comment Tweet Share 16 0 Practical applications of digital filters

More information

High-definition sound processor

High-definition sound processor High-definition sound processor The is a sound processor IC that performs phase and harmonic compensation on audio signals to accurately reproduce the rise section of audio signals that determines the

More information

Sound Processing Technologies for Realistic Sensations in Teleworking

Sound Processing Technologies for Realistic Sensations in Teleworking Sound Processing Technologies for Realistic Sensations in Teleworking Takashi Yazu Makoto Morito In an office environment we usually acquire a large amount of information without any particular effort

More information

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: Acustica United with Acta Acustica. Publication date: Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print

Aalborg Universitet. Published in: Acustica United with Acta Acustica. Publication date: Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Downloaded from vbn.aau.dk on: april 08, 2018 Aalborg Universitet Low frequency sound field control in rectangular listening rooms using CABS (Controlled Acoustic Bass System) will also reduce sound transmission

More information

Measuring impulse responses containing complete spatial information ABSTRACT

Measuring impulse responses containing complete spatial information ABSTRACT Measuring impulse responses containing complete spatial information Angelo Farina, Paolo Martignon, Andrea Capra, Simone Fontana University of Parma, Industrial Eng. Dept., via delle Scienze 181/A, 43100

More information

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 16 Sound 16-1 Characteristics of Sound Sound can travel through h any kind of matter, but not through a vacuum. The speed of sound is different in different materials; in general, it is slowest

More information

Audio Engineering Society. Convention Paper. Presented at the 117th Convention 2004 October San Francisco, CA, USA

Audio Engineering Society. Convention Paper. Presented at the 117th Convention 2004 October San Francisco, CA, USA Audio Engineering Society Convention Paper Presented at the 117th Convention 004 October 8 31 San Francisco, CA, USA This convention paper has been reproduced from the author's advance manuscript, without

More information

What is Sound? Part II

What is Sound? Part II What is Sound? Part II Timbre & Noise 1 Prayouandi (2010) - OneOhtrix Point Never PSYCHOACOUSTICS ACOUSTICS LOUDNESS AMPLITUDE PITCH FREQUENCY QUALITY TIMBRE 2 Timbre / Quality everything that is not frequency

More information

A3D Contiguous time-frequency energized sound-field: reflection-free listening space supports integration in audiology

A3D Contiguous time-frequency energized sound-field: reflection-free listening space supports integration in audiology A3D Contiguous time-frequency energized sound-field: reflection-free listening space supports integration in audiology Joe Hayes Chief Technology Officer Acoustic3D Holdings Ltd joe.hayes@acoustic3d.com

More information

The Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturers & Acoustics International presents

The Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturers & Acoustics International presents The Association of Loudspeaker Manufacturers & Acoustics International presents MEASUREMENT OF HARMONIC DISTORTION AUDIBILITY USING A SIMPLIFIED PSYCHOACOUSTIC MODEL Steve Temme, Pascal Brunet, and Parastoo

More information

Effect of the number of loudspeakers on sense of presence in 3D audio system based on multiple vertical panning

Effect of the number of loudspeakers on sense of presence in 3D audio system based on multiple vertical panning Effect of the number of loudspeakers on sense of presence in 3D audio system based on multiple vertical panning Toshiyuki Kimura and Hiroshi Ando Universal Communication Research Institute, National Institute

More information

Tone-in-noise detection: Observed discrepancies in spectral integration. Nicolas Le Goff a) Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O.

Tone-in-noise detection: Observed discrepancies in spectral integration. Nicolas Le Goff a) Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Tone-in-noise detection: Observed discrepancies in spectral integration Nicolas Le Goff a) Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Armin Kohlrausch b) and

More information

CG401 Advanced Signal Processing. Dr Stuart Lawson Room A330 Tel: January 2003

CG401 Advanced Signal Processing. Dr Stuart Lawson Room A330 Tel: January 2003 CG40 Advanced Dr Stuart Lawson Room A330 Tel: 23780 e-mail: ssl@eng.warwick.ac.uk 03 January 2003 Lecture : Overview INTRODUCTION What is a signal? An information-bearing quantity. Examples of -D and 2-D

More information

Presented at the 108th Convention 2000 February Paris, France

Presented at the 108th Convention 2000 February Paris, France Direct Digital Processing of Super Audio CD Signals 5102 (F - 3) James A S Angus Department of Electronics, University of York, England Presented at the 108th Convention 2000 February 19-22 Paris, France

More information

A Java Virtual Sound Environment

A Java Virtual Sound Environment A Java Virtual Sound Environment Proceedings of the 15 th Annual NACCQ, Hamilton New Zealand July, 2002 www.naccq.ac.nz ABSTRACT Andrew Eales Wellington Institute of Technology Petone, New Zealand andrew.eales@weltec.ac.nz

More information

Small Room and Loudspeaker Interaction

Small Room and Loudspeaker Interaction The common questions Several common questions are often asked related to loudspeaker s sound reproduction, such as: 1. Why does a loudspeaker sound different when moved to another room? 2. Why does my

More information

29th TONMEISTERTAGUNG VDT INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION, November 2016

29th TONMEISTERTAGUNG VDT INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION, November 2016 Measurement and Visualization of Room Impulse Responses with Spherical Microphone Arrays (Messung und Visualisierung von Raumimpulsantworten mit kugelförmigen Mikrofonarrays) Michael Kerscher 1, Benjamin

More information

Suppose you re going to mike a singer, a sax, or a guitar. Which mic should you choose? Where should you place it?

Suppose you re going to mike a singer, a sax, or a guitar. Which mic should you choose? Where should you place it? MICROPHONE TECHNIQUE BASICS FOR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS by Bruce Bartlett Copyright 2010 Suppose you re going to mike a singer, a sax, or a guitar. Which mic should you choose? Where should you place it? Your

More information

Perceived cathedral ceiling height in a multichannel virtual acoustic rendering for Gregorian Chant

Perceived cathedral ceiling height in a multichannel virtual acoustic rendering for Gregorian Chant Proceedings of Perceived cathedral ceiling height in a multichannel virtual acoustic rendering for Gregorian Chant Peter Hüttenmeister and William L. Martens Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning,

More information

Chapter 12. Preview. Objectives The Production of Sound Waves Frequency of Sound Waves The Doppler Effect. Section 1 Sound Waves

Chapter 12. Preview. Objectives The Production of Sound Waves Frequency of Sound Waves The Doppler Effect. Section 1 Sound Waves Section 1 Sound Waves Preview Objectives The Production of Sound Waves Frequency of Sound Waves The Doppler Effect Section 1 Sound Waves Objectives Explain how sound waves are produced. Relate frequency

More information