Experiment No. 2 Half Wave Rectifier using RC-Triggering

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1 Experiment No. 2 Half Wave Rectifier using RC-Triggering Pre-Lab Reading: 1. Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications, by M. H. Rashid, 3e. (See page 790 to get help for this experiment). Before coming to the lab you should have the complete design of circuit. Bring data sheet of thyristor with you. Objectives: To analyze RC- firing/triggering network of silicon controlled rectifier Equipment: AC-supply, SCR (MCR 100-6), a diode, load resistor of designed value, variable gate resistance (0 750 kω) and capacitors of designed value. Half Wave Rectifier using RC-Triggering Figure 3a Draw waveforms on proper scale with pen and mention peak voltages, rms voltage and frequency on each graph. Draw at least two cycles. The manual is to be completed by everyone in this lab session.

2 Design Procedure: Minimum Resistance (R min ): The minimum resistance R min should be such that when R G = 0, the gate current does not exceed the maximum allowable value, = () ( ) (1) () = (It is equal to the maximum voltage supplied by the AC supply) ( ) = (This maximum gate current is usually given by in the datasheet.) Using Equation (1): = (choose the nearest standard resistor) The value of the selected standard resistor = = An empirical relation for the product RC is T = 1/f = time period of supply voltage RC 0.65T Value of the capacitor = Gate Resistance (R G ): The minimum value of gate triggering current is selected as specified in the datasheet (80µA in case of MCR 100-6). The SCR will turn on when instantaneous value of supply voltage V S becomes equal to () + () + (2) () () (3) = + = (It is equal to the forward voltage drop across the diode). () = (It is the minimum value of gate current at which SCR fires). () = (It is the gate-cathode voltage corresponding to () Using Equation (2): = (choose the nearest standard resistor) The value of the selected standard resistor = " = Selection of load resistance: Maximum value of anode to cathode current from data sheet = A Latching current from data sheet = A Holding current from data sheet = A

3 Choose a value of load resistance such that anode to cathode current does not exceed the rated current and is not less than the latching current when SCR is conducting. It is recommended to use 820 ohm as the load resistance. Procedure: 1. Adjust the supply voltage as used in design procedure. Recommended is 10 V peak at frequency of Arrange the circuit as shown in Figure 3a. 3. Keep the potentiometer resistance R G to its maximum value so I G is very small and SCR is not triggered. Measure and observe the voltage across load and SCR. 4. Decrease the resistance of potentiometer R G such that SCR is now fired and almost all the input voltage appears across the load. Measure and observe the change in voltage across load and SCR 5. Record your observations for at least ten different firing angles over the entire range of observation. 6. Record your observations and calculations in tabular form and also plot the waveforms observed on oscilloscope. 7. Compare the practical output voltage with theoretical output voltage. Observation Table: No. Firing Angle α Vo (dc) (Practically using DMM) Vo (dc) (Theoretically using calculations)

4 Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 2 Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 4

5 Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 6

6 Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 8 Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle in reading 10

7 Show your calculations for voltage with firing angle in reading 3 Show your calculations for voltage with firing angle in reading 7 Sketch the variation of output voltage with firing angle.

8 Part 2: Now change the circuit in Figure 3a to look like this as shown in Figure 3b. Figure 3b Design: The value of the selected standard resistor = = The value of the selected standard resistor = = Load Resistance = The value of the selected standard resistor = " = Observation Table: No. Firing Angle α Vo (dc) (Practically using DMM) Vo (dc) (Theoretically using calculations)

9 Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle of 30 degree Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle of 45 degree

10 Sketch voltage waveform across load resistance for firing angle of 80 degree

11 Comments: (What is the difference between two circuits?) Assignment: 1. Simulate the above two circuits in Multisim/Orcade and attach the circuit diagram and waveforms with this report. 2. Design and simulate a circuit for generating square waveform of 4 khz with different duty cycles using 555 timer and TLP494 (You need to simulate two circuits separately). Attach circuit diagrams and simulated waveforms.

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