Optical Frequency Multiplication for Broadband Wireless Applications with Optical Periodic Filter Design using Fibre Bragg Gratings

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Optical Frequency Multiplication for Broadband Wireless Applications with Optical Periodic Filter Design using Fibre Bragg Gratings"

Transcription

1 POWERFAULT DATA ALARM POWERFAULTDATAALARM Optical Frequency Multiplication for Broadband Wireless Applications with Optical Periodic Filter Design using Fibre Bragg Gratings Kefilwe Madingoane and Pieter L. Swart Abstract A novel principle of carrying microwave signals directly over in-house networks, and later transmitting them at RF over WLANs is presented. The approach deploys the concept of Optical Frequency Multiplication, where a fast tuneable laser swept at a modest frequency of 900 MHz is used in conjunction with an Optical Periodic Filter to generate a 5.4GHz microwave signal at the antenna site of a WLAN. Graded Index Polymer Optical Fibre is used in the feeder network as a transport medium for in-house cabling between WLAN access points and the headend station. Two identical Fibre Bragg Grating reflectors with power reflectivity of 0.2, spaced a mean distance of 0.58 mm apart, are designed and inscribed onto the fibre to replace Fabry-Perot etalon plates used in the periodic filter. The new low cost periodic filter was simulated using Matlab and found to partially meet the network specification of a Free Spectral Range of 9.6 GHz, with minimum degradation in network performance. Index Terms fibre bragg gratings (FBGs), free spectral range, graded index polymer optical fibre (GIPOF), optical frequency multiplication, optical periodic filter. W I. INTRODUCTION IRELESS Local Area Networks (WLANs) are flexible data communication systems implemented as extensions to, or as alternatives for, wired Local Area Networks (LANs). WLANs use Radio Frequency (RF) technology to transmit and receive over air, minimizing the need for wired connections. Similar to cellular technology, WLANs use Access Points (APs) to provide wireless access to either Mobile Terminals (MTs) or to other devices in the network. Fig. shows a typical layout of a WLAN. WLANs are taking a rapidly evolving market share in inhouse broadband communication. The global market for WLANs totalled US$.5 billion in 200 and is projected to reach US$ 4.2 billion in 2006 [],[7]. WLANs have strong popularity in business and academic environments with end users demanding higher data rates and ease of use to sustain growing Internet and data applications. In order to provide these high bitrates to the user WLANs require high carrier frequencies for transmission. Current WLANs generally operate in the 2.4 GHz RF band and offer transport capacities of up to Mbps per carrier frequency following the IEEE 802.b standard [2]. The 5.2 GHz band with a channel signalling rate of 54Mbps per carrier frequency has also been made available through the IEEE 802.a standard [3]. Systems offering higher bitrates at higher carrier frequencies reaching 60 GHz are still under investigation [4]. Problems arise when data rates and carrier frequencies are increased in WLANs. When these operating rates are increased the radio cells that can be served by each antenna become smaller. As a consequence the number of antennas needed to cover a building will be increased requiring a more extensive wired network to feed the antennas. The increased complexity of the WLAN may also require the microwave signal to be carried directly over the network to facilitate signal processing functions such as cell handover, etc. For this purpose, there is a need for a short-distance transmission medium that is cost effective in terms of installation and maintenance while providing the right bandwidth used in the feeder network. Polymer Optical Fibre (POF) is certainly an attractive medium to be used in the feeder network of a system with the abovementioned specifications. The advantages of POF as a medium for in-house cabling are impeccable. POF provides a considerably larger bandwidth than conventional copper cable and it is less susceptible to cable theft. Its large core diameter and numerical aperture ( ) allows for easy connectorization of systems and efficient launching from Laptop with wireless PC card Wired Server Laptop with wireless PC card Wireless LAN Access Point Hub (e.g Ethernet) Fig.. A Typical Configuration of a WLAN Laptop with wireless PC card Wireless LAN Access Point

2 semiconductor lasers or light emitting diodes. POF is flexible and very ductile making installation more simple in less accessible customer locations. Furthermore, POF shows complete immunity from electromagnetic interference/electromagnetic radiation EMI/EMR[5] and also offers data signal transparency to networks. The latter advantage allows the network to support multi-protocols by running different services over different wavelengths. POF is, however, governed by high transmission losses making it unsuitable for long-distance transmission. The attenuation of POF is orders of magnitude larger than that of the more common silica single mode fibre. The large core of POF guides a large number of modes of the incident light making its dispersion much larger. Perflourinated graded index POF has shown losses of 20 db/km when operating at a wavelength of 300 nm resulting in a bandwidth-distance product of only GHz.km[6]. Typical in-house networks have distances less than 500 m and this eliminates the problem presented by the bandwidth limitation. This paper is divided into two parts. The first part will present a novel principle that uses the concept of optical frequency multiplication to generate high frequency microwave carrier signals for WLAN applications. The network layout and components of the system will be outlined and the role of POF as a medium of transmission for the system will be emphasized. The second part of the paper will show how one of the components of the network, the optical periodic filter, could be replaced with an alternative in-fibre component designed using Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) technology. Simulated results of the performance of the FBG-based periodic filter will be presented to support the in-fibre component as a low cost alternative to the original optical periodic filter built from costly Fabry-Perot etalon plates. A. Network Layout II. SYSTEM CONCEPT The proposed system network is composed of three sections: the headend station, the radio access points (RAPs) and graded index polymer optical fibre (GIPOF) as shown in Fig. 2[6]. The headend station facilitates the signalling functions required to integrate the different services WLAN. A good example of a headend station is a residential gateway (RG) which integrates a variety of outdoor access network infrastructures such as coaxial cable, twisted copper pair, satellite and fibre at the customer premises. The headend station houses the fast tuneable laser diode as well as the modulation circuit that generates the data signal. The headend station is usually positioned at the customer s premises to simplify the in-house cabling of the RAPs. The RAP serves as the antenna site of the WLAN. This is where the high frequency radio wave is generated and fed into the antenna for RF transmission. The RAP houses the optical periodic filter, the optical receiver and the antenna itself. RAPs are distributed evenly throughout the customer premises to allow for broad RF coverage. Multimode GIPOF provides the important link between the headend station and the RAPs. GIPOF is much cheaper than the single mode POF alternative and provides more bandwidth than common copper cable. The multimode character of GIPOF presents dispersion problems that may limit the bandwidth distance product of the link. However, if the distances between the links are kept less than 500m (as is the case in short-distance in-house cabling), appreciable bandwidths can be realized for use on the WLAN system. B. System Operation ) Generation of data signal: The operation of the system begins at the fast tuneable laser diode situated in the headend station. The laser source emits light of wavelength λ 0 at constant power. The laser source is periodically swept over a limited bandwidth at a modest frequency rate f sw, using a triangular waveform. The signal produced by the laser source is intensity-modulated through an external phase modulator such as a Mach Zehnder interferometer[6]. 2) Transmission of signal over network: The data signal is transmitted through the GIPOF link and distributed amongst various RAPs via a power-split network. The low frequency f sw is ideal and the data signal should reach the RAPs without any dispersion problems. The ability of fibre to provide for service format transparency makes it possible for the WLAN to support different IP-based services at different operating wavelengths. 3) Optical Frequency Multiplication: On arrival at the RAP the modulated data signal is periodically sampled as it transverses through the optical periodic filter. The optical periodic filter is made from Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon plates (fp and fp 2 ) and guides the sampled data signals to the optical receiver for detection. The power transmission spectrum of the filter contains transmission peaks in a given bandpass region equally spaced at a predefined free spectral range (FSR). The periodic bandpass region is centred at the operating wavelength λ 0. The FSR between transmission peaks, and hence the number of peaks over a given range N, is related to the mean distance between the FP plates. Optical frequency multiplication occurs when the wavelength λ 0 emitted by the fast tuneable laser source is swept over N transmission peaks of the optical periodic filter at a frequency f sw. The intensity of the modulated signal impinging on the photodiode will fluctuate at a much higher frequency with a frequency multiplication factor of 2N. The equation of the intensity signal reaching the photo diode is i0 i( t) = () 2 + F sin (2πNf t) where i 0 is the signal of frequency f sw transmitted through the fibre and F is the finesse of the Fabry-Perot plates sw

3 Headend Station Radio Access Point f sw Tun. LD Data up λ 0 LPF + data down + ϕ ϕ - data down PD WDM λ GIPOF link λ 0 λ Power Split cct WDM λ 0 Periodic Filter fp fp 2 LD λ PD LPF BPF antenna circulator mixer Fig. 2. Proposed system for transporting microwave signals[6] defined as F = 4R / ( R) 2, R is the power reflection coefficient of the Fabry-Perot plates of the optical periodic filter. The Fourier series expansion of () is R = + n i( t) i0 2 R cos(4π nnfswt) (2) + R n= and it indicates that the filter output signal will have a fundamental component accompanied by higher-order harmonics. From (2) the power of the fundamental component (n = ) can be maximised by setting R = 0.4. However, at this reflectivity value, the power of unwanted higher-harmonic components is not sufficiently suppressed to prevent interference. A better suppression of these harmonics, without significantly reducing the power of the fundamental component, is obtained from a lower plate reflectivity of R = 0.2. This low reflectivity value of the FP plates is also ideal for the low cost design of the periodic filter whose importance will be discussed later in this paper. When optical frequency multiplication is complete, the data signal will be embedded into multiple microwave carrier frequencies corresponding to all the harmonics defined in (2). By appropriately setting the central frequency of the electrical filter following the photodiode (see Fig. 2) a suitable microwave carrier frequency can be selected to carry the signal to the antenna for RF transmission. 4) Bidirectional Operation: The proposed system is designed to support bi-directional interactive communication as required in WLANs. Two wavelengths λ 0 and λ are used for downstream and upstream traffic respectively as shown in Fig. 2. The upstream data from the antenna is directed to the mixer by the circulator. The wavelength selectivity of the WDM devices in the headend station and the RAP allow for both upstream and downstream traffic to be transported in GIPOF. This bidirectional transportation of data over the network is done in time-division, half duplex mode. C. Simulation Results Simulations of the operation of the system conducted using the Virtual Photonics Inc. software package are presented in [6]. Simulations are conducted on the transportation of three different microwave signals; a Continuous wave (CW) microwave signal, an amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulated microwave signal and a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulated microwave signal. For all the simulations a fast tuneable laser emitting light of wavelength λ 0 equal to.3 µm and constant power of 0mW coupled light into the fibre. The laser wavelength is swept over a sweep range of 28.8 GHz (corresponding to 0.7 nm) at a sweep frequency f sw of 900 MHz. At the RAP, Fabry-Perot plates with a power reflectivity value of 0.2, spaced 5.6 mm apart are set to yield an FSR value of 9.6 GHz. The number of transmission peaks N detected during the wavelength sweep over the sweep range of 28.8 GHz is 3. The system is expected to have a frequency multiplication factor 2N equal to 6. This factor yields a microwave signal with a fundamental component positioned at 2Nf sw = 5.4 GHz. For the case of the ASK modulated microwave signal, the system was simulated with a 225 Mb/s on/off pattern at the headend station. For the case of the BPSK modulated system an input data signal is assumed to be a Mb/s TABLE I SIMULATED SPECTRAL VALUES OF THE SYSTEM Microwave signal Frequency of fundamental component (GHz) Power of fundamental component (dbm) Frequency of first harmonic (GHz) Power of first harmonic (dbm) CW ASK modulated BPSK modulated

4 bipolar alternating one/zero pattern. The signal is modulated on a 225 MHz subcarrier. Table I shows spectral values achieved for the transportation of the three microwave signals. III. PERIODIC FILTER DESIGN USING FIBRE BRAGG GRATINGS The WLAN system proposed above operates satisfactorily within the IEEE 802.a and IEEE 802.b standards [],[7]. However, because the WLANs are located at the premises of the end user, a number of factors must be taken into consideration before the implementation of the network. Apart from ease of installation and maintenance another important factor is the cost of implementation of the network system. High bitrate WLAN uses small radio cells and hence will require more RAPs to cover a building for effective wireless access. This may result in a more extensive wired network with very high costs. The feasibility of employing the above concept relies heavily on the cost of implementation of the system on WLANs. Although the use of GIPOF as a medium for in-house cabling for the network is an effective cost reduction measure, further cost reduction initiatives may be helpful. The optical periodic filter in The RAP (see Fig. 2), was identified to have the largest contribution to the cost of the network. The cost of the Fabry-Perot etalon mirrors fp and fp 2 may be high depending on the quality of the mirror that is desired. Perspex and Silica lenses are commonly used for these mirrors. Filters built using two or more of these mirrors also have an inherent problem of misalignment, which contributes negatively to the cost of maintenance of the system. Low cost mirrors also lose their reflective qualities and become opaque due to extended exposure to light resulting in frequent replacements of the network component. The rest of the paper will discuss the design of an optical periodic filter based on fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) that will address the abovementioned problems presented by the Fabry-Perot plates. A. Background FBGs are periodic modulations of the refractive index in the core of the optical fibre. FBGs make use of the photosensitivity of the fibre whereby the refractive index of the fibre is increased by exposure to ultra violet light. FBGs discovered by Hill et al in 978[8] have found many applications in fibre-optic communications and sensor designs. They have been used effectively in: WDM systems to increase transmission capacities; Erbium-doped fibre amplifiers to equalize gain; high bitrate long-haul communication links to compensate for dispersion; and in external cavity lasers to stabilize the light source wavelength. The advantage of FBG components over competing technologies include the all-fibre geometry of the component, the absence of connector loss, low insertion loss and potentially low cost. The most distinguished advantage of FBGs is the flexibility they offer for achieving desired spectral characteristics. B. Design Theory The theory behind the design of different FBG structures is covered in detail by Erdogan [0] and will be discussed extensively at the conference. This theory is developed from a consolidation of couple mode theory [2] together with multilayer analysis of gratings as thin-film structures []. Simulations to determine the spectral characteristics of FBGs can be done using different techniques, all varying in degree of complexity. The simplest of these is direct numerical integration of the coupled mode equations achieved in the coupled mode theory. This technique is direct and accurate but not the fastest. An accurate and much faster method is based on the transfer-matrix method[0] and it calculates input and output fields of the FBG. This common technique is used in FBG simulations presented in this paper. A FBG is generally characterised by the profile of the index of refraction along the length of the grating 2πz δ neff ( z) = δneff ( z) + v cos[ + ϕ( z)] (3) T where z is the position along the length of the grating, T is the period of the grating, v is the fringe visibility of the index change and φ is a parameter describing the chirp of the grating. δneff with a bar above, represents the dc index change spatially averaged over the grating period. By varying any of the parameters above one can design various components with unique spectral characteristics. Two techniques for improving the spectral characteristic of FBGs are worth mentioning in this paper. The first is chirping which involves the variation of the period with position along the length of the grating [3]. This has the effect of increasing the bandwidth spectral envelope of the grating. Linear and quadratic chirps are usually sufficient for most FBG applications. The second technique is apodization where the dc index change of the grating follows a non-uniform profile. This technique is used mainly to eliminate unwanted sidelobes that are inherent in FBG-based Bragg reflectors. Simulation and experimental results on the use of these techniques in optical filter design will be presented at the conference. C. Simulation Results Two FBG-based Bragg reflectors placed a distance apart on fibre are used to emulate the Fabry-Perot etalon plates that constitute the optical periodic filter in Fig. 2. The reflectors are designed using the theory mentioned above and a numerical software package called Matlab. The faster Transfer-Matrix simulation technique is used to determine the spectral behaviour of the filter. Nine different FBGbased optical periodic filters were designed and simulated

5 0.25 Uniform Linearly Chirped Blackman Apodized Reflection Normalised Wavelength Fig. 3. Reflection Spectra of three FBG based reflectors 0.9 Transmission Uniform Linearly Chirped Blackman Apodized Normalised Wavelength Fig. 4. Transmission Spectra of three FBG-based periodic filters 0.02 Uniform Linearly Chirped Blackman Apodized 0.08 Delay (ps) Normalised Wavelength Fig. 5. Transmission Delay of three FBG-based periodic filters.0006 using the Matlab package. The gratings were designed to be.6 mm long and tuned to give a peak power reflectivity of 0.2 as required in the WLAN system discussed in section II. They are designed to reflect a wavelength value of.3µm that translates to a grating period of 439 nm. For all the designs the spacing between the gratings is set to 8.98 mm as dictated by periodic filter design equations [4]. Fig. 3. compares the spectral characteristics of three of the periodic filters designed using Matlab namely a uniform grating, a linearly chirped grating, and a Blackman apodized grating. Most noticeable in Fig. 3, are the side lobes that are inherent in the uniform and linearly chirped gratings, but are virtually invisible in the Blackman apodized grating. The Blackman apodized grating also provides a larger reflection bandwidth than the other two reflectors. Fig. 4. shows the periodic transmissions of the three FBG-based Fabry-Perot filters designed using the Bragg reflectors from Fig. 3. The average FSR values were measured to be 9.65 GHz, 9.65 GHz and 9.74 GHz for the uniform, linearly chirped and the Blackman apodized filters respectively. It can be seen from Fig. 4 that at wavelengths close to the central wavelength the peaks are completely transmitted (0dB transmission) whereas only 45% (corresponding to db) of the power in the troughs are transmitted. This difference between peaks and troughs is ideal for most optical receivers used in telecommunication systems with a light detection sensitivity of -3dB. Fig. 5. shows the modal delay contributed by the periodic filters due to the fact that they are in-fibre devices. Equations that model the delay properties of fibre and any fibre-based components are covered in the coupled mode theory[2]. The delay has a direct impact on the dispersion characteristic of the signal reaching the optical receiver. However, because dispersion is also a function of the length of the communication link it is not a common problem in short-distance in-house networks. From Fig. 5, the average delay contributed by the periodic filters is found to be picoseconds. This delay has very little impact on the dispersion of the received signal especially since the links are within a distance of 500 m. D. Fabrication of Fibre Bragg Gratings Over the last decade, a number of techniques have been developed to write fibre Bragg gratings in fibre. In 978 Hill and his co-worker inscribed the first grating by shining light of wavelength 488 nm from an Argon laser into single mode fibre. They monitored the intensity of the reflected light and discovered that almost all the light was reflected back after a few minutes. The back reflection is due to a variation in the index of the core at periodic distances along the length of the fibre. The index change is caused by the interference of light with small amounts of light reflected from the end of the fibre causing a standing pattern. The standing pattern in turn writes the grating into the fibre core. This technique of writing gratings is called the internal writing technique and gratings written using this method are called Hill Gratings after their inventor[8].

6 Other techniques were developed in later years to improve the writing efficiency of the internal writing technique. Meltz and his co-workers developed the interferometric fabrication technique that uses either an amplitude or phasesplitting interferometer to split incoming UV light and subsequently recombine it to form the interference pattern necessary to inscribe the grating[5]. The phase-mask technique is one of the most effective methods of inscribing Bragg gratings in fibre. This method employs a diffractive optical element (a phase mask) to spacially modulate the UV beam. The phase mask is a onedimensional periodic surface-relief, corrugated pattern with a constant period. When photosensitive fibre is placed in close proximity with the phase mask and a UV beam is incident on the fibre, light will be diffracted by the mask and create multiple diffraction orders on the opposite end. The plus and the minus first-order diffracted beams will generate the interference pattern used to photo-imprint the refractive index modulation in the fibre core. The phase mask technique greatly reduces the complexity of the writing process and provides a robust and inherently stable method of producing fibre Bragg gratings. It is also a cost efficient method compared to other techniques making it commercially viable. This method is used to write Bragg gratings in this research. The key element of writing Bragg grating in fibre using any of the methods discussed above, is the photosensitivity of the fibre. For successful inscription of gratings the fibre must have relatively high photosensitivity to create in index modulation in the core. Polymer optical fibre materials such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and perflourinated polymer (PFP) generally have low photosensitivity. However, innovative methods of improving the photosensitivity of the fibre have been researched by Peng and Chu[7] and will be discussed in detail at the conference. IV. CONCLUSION It has been shown that optical frequency multiplication can be used to transport microwave signals directly over WLAN. A system composed of a fast tuneable laser, an optical periodic filter and GIPOF as a link medium for the WLAN has been presented. Simulations on the system using Virtual Photonics have proven that the system meets IEEE 802.a and IEEE 802.b standards. A fibre Bragg grating-based optical periodic filter with a grating space of 8.98mm was presented as a low cost alternative to Fabry- Perot etalon plates and shown to exhibit the same network performance. Techniques of fabricating the fibre Bragg grating filters are highlighted with special emphasis on the cost efficiency of the phase-mask fabrication technique. REFERENCES [] G. Raczkowski, Wireless LANs: A new world without Wires dash30 Inc, 2002 Available: [2] A. Dyir, The ABC s of 2.4 and 5 GHz Wireless LANs, Xilinx Inc, WP48(v.0), (200, August ) Available: [3] J. Karaoguz, High-rate Wireless Personal Area Networks, IEEE Comm. Mag, vol 39, No 2, pp , December 200. [4] P. Smulder, Exploiting the 60GHz for local wireless multimedia access: prospect and future directions, IEEE Comm Mag., vol 40, No, pp 40 47, Jan [5] G. Yabre, Theoretical Investigation on the Dispersion of Graded-Index Polymer Optical Fibres, J. Lightwave Technol., vol 8, No 6, pp , June [6] T. Koonen, In-house networks using Polymer Optical Fibre for broadband wireless applications, COBRA Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology. [7] P. Fowler, 5 GHz goes the Distance for Home Networking, IEEE Microwave Mag., September [8] K.O. Hill et al, Photosensitivity in Optical Fibre Waveguides: Application to reflection filter fabrication, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.32, pp , 978. [9] I. Ota et al, Development of Optical Fibre Gratings for WDM systems, Furukawa Review, No. 9, [0] T. Erdogan, Fibre Gating Spectra, J. Lightwave Tech., vol 5, no 8 August 997. [] M. Yamada, K. Sakuda, Analysis of almost periodic distributed feedback slab waveguide via a fundamental matrix approach, J. Appl Opts, vol 26, No. 6, pp , 987 [2] A. Yariv, Couple Mode Theory for guided-wave optics IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. QE-9, pp , 973. [3] A. Othonos, K Kalli, Fibre Bragg Gratings: Fundamentals and Applications in Telecommunications and sensing, Artech House Inc., Boston, 999. [4] G. Keiser, Optical Fibre Communications, Mcgraw Hill New York, 3rd ed., [5] G. Melt, et al, Formation of Bragg Gratings in optical fibres by transverse holographic method, Opt. Lett. Vol 4, pp , 989 [6] K.O Hill, et al., Bragg Gratings Fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fibre by UV exposure through a phase mask, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol 62, pp , 993 [7]G.D. Peng, P.L. Chu, Polymer Optical Fiber Photosensitivities and Highly Tuneable Fibre Gratings Fiber and Integrated Optics, Vol 9, pp , 2000 Kefilwe Madingoane was born in Johannesburg, South Africa in 977. He received his BSc Eng Electrical at the University of the Witwatersrand in 200. He is now with the Centre of Communication and Sensing at Rand Afrikaans University studying towards the M.Eng in Optical Communications. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The author acknowledges useful discussions with Prof. B M Lacquet about Optical Networks. The author will take this opportunity to thank the sponsors Telkom and ATC for their dedicated support to the Centre of Excellence program.

Rogério Nogueira Instituto de Telecomunicações Pólo de Aveiro Departamento de Física Universidade de Aveiro

Rogério Nogueira Instituto de Telecomunicações Pólo de Aveiro Departamento de Física Universidade de Aveiro Fiber Bragg Gratings for DWDM Optical Networks Rogério Nogueira Instituto de Telecomunicações Pólo de Aveiro Departamento de Física Universidade de Aveiro Overview Introduction. Fabrication. Physical properties.

More information

Spectral Characteristics of Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating With Different Grating Length and Refractive Index Variation

Spectral Characteristics of Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating With Different Grating Length and Refractive Index Variation Spectral Characteristics of Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating With Different Grating Length and efractive Index Variation Chiranjit Ghosh 1, Quazi Md. Alfred 2, Biswajit Ghosh 3 ME (EIE) Student, University

More information

CHIRPED FIBER BRAGG GRATING (CFBG) BY ETCHING TECHNIQUE FOR SIMULTANEOUS TEMPERATURE AND REFRACTIVE INDEX SENSING

CHIRPED FIBER BRAGG GRATING (CFBG) BY ETCHING TECHNIQUE FOR SIMULTANEOUS TEMPERATURE AND REFRACTIVE INDEX SENSING CHIRPED FIBER BRAGG GRATING (CFBG) BY ETCHING TECHNIQUE FOR SIMULTANEOUS TEMPERATURE AND REFRACTIVE INDEX SENSING Siti Aisyah bt. Ibrahim and Chong Wu Yi Photonics Research Center Department of Physics,

More information

RADIO-OVER-FIBER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS BASED ON DFB LD WITH MAIN AND 1 SIDE MODES INJECTION-LOCKED TECHNIQUE

RADIO-OVER-FIBER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS BASED ON DFB LD WITH MAIN AND 1 SIDE MODES INJECTION-LOCKED TECHNIQUE Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 7, 25 33, 2009 RADIO-OVER-FIBER TRANSPORT SYSTEMS BASED ON DFB LD WITH MAIN AND 1 SIDE MODES INJECTION-LOCKED TECHNIQUE H.-H. Lu, C.-Y. Li, C.-H. Lee,

More information

Bragg and fiber gratings. Mikko Saarinen

Bragg and fiber gratings. Mikko Saarinen Bragg and fiber gratings Mikko Saarinen 27.10.2009 Bragg grating - Bragg gratings are periodic perturbations in the propagating medium, usually periodic variation of the refractive index - like diffraction

More information

Evaluation of RF power degradation in microwave photonic systems employing uniform period fibre Bragg gratings

Evaluation of RF power degradation in microwave photonic systems employing uniform period fibre Bragg gratings Evaluation of RF power degradation in microwave photonic systems employing uniform period fibre Bragg gratings G. Yu, W. Zhang and J. A. R. Williams Photonics Research Group, Department of EECS, Aston

More information

Fiber Optic Communications Communication Systems

Fiber Optic Communications Communication Systems INTRODUCTION TO FIBER-OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS A fiber-optic system is similar to the copper wire system in many respects. The difference is that fiber-optics use light pulses to transmit information down

More information

Photonic Microwave Filter Employing an Opto- VLSI-Based Adaptive Optical Combiner

Photonic Microwave Filter Employing an Opto- VLSI-Based Adaptive Optical Combiner Research Online ECU Publications 211 211 Photonic Microwave Filter Employing an Opto- VLSI-Based Adaptive Optical Combiner Haithem Mustafa Feng Xiao Kamal Alameh 1.119/HONET.211.6149818 This article was

More information

Optical signal processing for fiber Bragg grating based wear sensors

Optical signal processing for fiber Bragg grating based wear sensors University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Informatics - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2005 Optical signal processing for fiber Bragg grating based wear sensors

More information

Active mode-locking of miniature fiber Fabry-Perot laser (FFPL) in a ring cavity

Active mode-locking of miniature fiber Fabry-Perot laser (FFPL) in a ring cavity Active mode-locking of miniature fiber Fabry-Perot laser (FFPL) in a ring cavity Shinji Yamashita (1)(2) and Kevin Hsu (3) (1) Dept. of Frontier Informatics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University

More information

Photonics and Optical Communication

Photonics and Optical Communication Photonics and Optical Communication (Course Number 300352) Spring 2007 Dr. Dietmar Knipp Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering http://www.faculty.iu-bremen.de/dknipp/ 1 Photonics and Optical Communication

More information

Spectral Characteristics of Mechanically Induced of Ultralong Period Fiber Gratings (UPFG) as a Pressure Sensor.

Spectral Characteristics of Mechanically Induced of Ultralong Period Fiber Gratings (UPFG) as a Pressure Sensor. Spectral Characteristics of Mechanically Induced of Ultralong Period Fiber Gratings (UPFG) as a Pressure Sensor. V. Mishra, V V Dwivedi C.U shah University, Surendranagar, Gujrat Abstract. We report here

More information

Realization of Polarization-Insensitive Optical Polymer Waveguide Devices

Realization of Polarization-Insensitive Optical Polymer Waveguide Devices 644 Realization of Polarization-Insensitive Optical Polymer Waveguide Devices Kin Seng Chiang,* Sin Yip Cheng, Hau Ping Chan, Qing Liu, Kar Pong Lor, and Chi Kin Chow Department of Electronic Engineering,

More information

Gigabit Transmission in 60-GHz-Band Using Optical Frequency Up-Conversion by Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Photodiode Configuration

Gigabit Transmission in 60-GHz-Band Using Optical Frequency Up-Conversion by Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Photodiode Configuration 22 Gigabit Transmission in 60-GHz-Band Using Optical Frequency Up-Conversion by Semiconductor Optical Amplifier and Photodiode Configuration Jun-Hyuk Seo, and Woo-Young Choi Department of Electrical and

More information

Novel High-Q Spectrum Sliced Photonic Microwave Transversal Filter Using Cascaded Fabry-Pérot Filters

Novel High-Q Spectrum Sliced Photonic Microwave Transversal Filter Using Cascaded Fabry-Pérot Filters 229 Novel High-Q Spectrum Sliced Photonic Microwave Transversal Filter Using Cascaded Fabry-Pérot Filters R. K. Jeyachitra 1**, Dr. (Mrs.) R. Sukanesh 2 1 Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, National

More information

Optimization of Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating Reflection Spectra for Maximum Reflectivity and Narrow Bandwidth

Optimization of Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating Reflection Spectra for Maximum Reflectivity and Narrow Bandwidth ISSN (e): 225 35 Vol, 5 Issue,2 February 25 International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) Optimization of Uniform Fiber Bragg Grating Reflection Spectra for Maximum Reflectivity and

More information

Optical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Sept. 25, 2017

Optical Communications and Networking 朱祖勍. Sept. 25, 2017 Optical Communications and Networking Sept. 25, 2017 Lecture 4: Signal Propagation in Fiber 1 Nonlinear Effects The assumption of linearity may not always be valid. Nonlinear effects are all related to

More information

Special Issue Review. 1. Introduction

Special Issue Review. 1. Introduction Special Issue Review In recently years, we have introduced a new concept of photonic antennas for wireless communication system using radio-over-fiber technology. The photonic antenna is a functional device

More information

New techniques for extending the capabilities of multimode fibre networks

New techniques for extending the capabilities of multimode fibre networks 1 New techniques for extending the capabilities of multimode fibre networks Ton Koonen, Anthony Ng oma, Henrie van den Boom, Idelfonso Tafur Monroy, Giok-Djan Khoe COBRA Institute, Eindhoven Univ of Technology,

More information

A WDM passive optical network enabling multicasting with color-free ONUs

A WDM passive optical network enabling multicasting with color-free ONUs A WDM passive optical network enabling multicasting with color-free ONUs Yue Tian, Qingjiang Chang, and Yikai Su * State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department

More information

Electronically switchable Bragg gratings provide versatility

Electronically switchable Bragg gratings provide versatility Page 1 of 5 Electronically switchable Bragg gratings provide versatility Recent advances in ESBGs make them an optimal technological fabric for WDM components. ALLAN ASHMEAD, DigiLens Inc. The migration

More information

Performance Analysis of dispersion compensation using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) in Optical Communication

Performance Analysis of dispersion compensation using Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) in Optical Communication Research Article International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 416, P-ISSN 2347-5161 214 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Performance

More information

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1 Preface Telecommunication lasers have evolved substantially since the introduction of the early AlGaAs-based semiconductor lasers in the late 1970s suitable for transmitting

More information

Optical RI sensor based on an in-fiber Bragg grating. Fabry-Perot cavity embedded with a micro-channel

Optical RI sensor based on an in-fiber Bragg grating. Fabry-Perot cavity embedded with a micro-channel Optical RI sensor based on an in-fiber Bragg grating Fabry-Perot cavity embedded with a micro-channel Zhijun Yan *, Pouneh Saffari, Kaiming Zhou, Adedotun Adebay, Lin Zhang Photonic Research Group, Aston

More information

Visible to infrared high-speed WDM transmission over PCF

Visible to infrared high-speed WDM transmission over PCF Visible to infrared high-speed WDM transmission over PCF Koji Ieda a), Kenji Kurokawa, Katsusuke Tajima, and Kazuhide Nakajima NTT Access Network Service Systems Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 1 7 1 Hanabatake,

More information

Photonic Generation of Millimeter-Wave Signals With Tunable Phase Shift

Photonic Generation of Millimeter-Wave Signals With Tunable Phase Shift Photonic Generation of Millimeter-Wave Signals With Tunable Phase Shift Volume 4, Number 3, June 2012 Weifeng Zhang, Student Member, IEEE Jianping Yao, Fellow, IEEE DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2012.2199481 1943-0655/$31.00

More information

is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic

is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending light through an optical fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. The

More information

DIRECT MODULATION WITH SIDE-MODE INJECTION IN OPTICAL CATV TRANSPORT SYSTEMS

DIRECT MODULATION WITH SIDE-MODE INJECTION IN OPTICAL CATV TRANSPORT SYSTEMS Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 11, 73 82, 2009 DIRECT MODULATION WITH SIDE-MODE INJECTION IN OPTICAL CATV TRANSPORT SYSTEMS W.-J. Ho, H.-H. Lu, C.-H. Chang, W.-Y. Lin, and H.-S. Su

More information

MULTICHANNEL COST EFFECTIVE FULL DUPLEX RADIO OVER FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING FILTER

MULTICHANNEL COST EFFECTIVE FULL DUPLEX RADIO OVER FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING FILTER MULTICHANNEL COST EFFECTIVE FULL DUPLEX RADIO OVER FIBER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING FIBER BRAGG GRATING FILTER Sudheer.V R 1*, Sudheer.S K 1, Seena R 2 1 Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala.

More information

Fabrication of Extremely Short Length Fiber Bragg Gratings for Sensor Applications

Fabrication of Extremely Short Length Fiber Bragg Gratings for Sensor Applications Fabrication of Extremely Short Length Fiber Bragg Gratings for Sensor Applications Meng-Chou Wu, Robert S. Rogowski, and Ken K. Tedjojuwono NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia, USA m.c.wu@larc.nasa.gov

More information

Downstream Transmission in a WDM-PON System Using a Multiwavelength SOA-Based Fiber Ring Laser Source

Downstream Transmission in a WDM-PON System Using a Multiwavelength SOA-Based Fiber Ring Laser Source JOURNAL OF L A TEX CLASS FILES, VOL. X, NO. XX, XXXX XXX 1 Downstream Transmission in a WDM-PON System Using a Multiwavelength SOA-Based Fiber Ring Laser Source Jérôme Vasseur, Jianjun Yu Senior Member,

More information

MICROWAVE photonics is an interdisciplinary area

MICROWAVE photonics is an interdisciplinary area 314 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 27, NO. 3, FEBRUARY 1, 2009 Microwave Photonics Jianping Yao, Senior Member, IEEE, Member, OSA (Invited Tutorial) Abstract Broadband and low loss capability of

More information

DWDM FILTERS; DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

DWDM FILTERS; DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION DWDM FILTERS; DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 1 OSI REFERENCE MODEL PHYSICAL OPTICAL FILTERS FOR DWDM SYSTEMS 2 AGENDA POINTS NEED CHARACTERISTICS CHARACTERISTICS CLASSIFICATION TYPES PRINCIPLES BRAGG GRATINGS

More information

Fibre Bragg Grating. Minoli Arumugam Photonics and Optical Communications Instructor: Prof. Dietmar Knipp Jacobs University Bremen Spring 2007

Fibre Bragg Grating. Minoli Arumugam Photonics and Optical Communications Instructor: Prof. Dietmar Knipp Jacobs University Bremen Spring 2007 Fibre Bragg Grating Minoli Arumugam Photonics and Optical Communications Instructor: Prof. Dietmar Knipp Jacobs University Bremen Spring 2007 What is a Fibre Bragg Grating? It is a type of distributed

More information

CONTROLLABLE WAVELENGTH CHANNELS FOR MULTIWAVELENGTH BRILLOUIN BISMUTH/ERBIUM BAS-ED FIBER LASER

CONTROLLABLE WAVELENGTH CHANNELS FOR MULTIWAVELENGTH BRILLOUIN BISMUTH/ERBIUM BAS-ED FIBER LASER Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 9, 9 18, 29 CONTROLLABLE WAVELENGTH CHANNELS FOR MULTIWAVELENGTH BRILLOUIN BISMUTH/ERBIUM BAS-ED FIBER LASER H. Ahmad, M. Z. Zulkifli, S. F. Norizan,

More information

Chirped Bragg Grating Dispersion Compensation in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Long-Haul Networks

Chirped Bragg Grating Dispersion Compensation in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Long-Haul Networks 363 Chirped Bragg Grating Dispersion Compensation in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Optical Long-Haul Networks CHAOUI Fahd 3, HAJAJI Anas 1, AGHZOUT Otman 2,4, CHAKKOUR Mounia 3, EL YAKHLOUFI Mounir

More information

Introduction to Fiber Optics

Introduction to Fiber Optics Introduction to Fiber Optics Dr. Anurag Srivastava Atal Bihari Vajpayee Indian Institute of Information Technology and Manegement, Gwalior Milestones in Electrical Communication 1838 Samuel F.B. Morse

More information

Class 4 ((Communication and Computer Networks))

Class 4 ((Communication and Computer Networks)) Class 4 ((Communication and Computer Networks)) Lesson 3... Transmission Media, Part 1 Abstract The successful transmission of data depends principally on two factors: the quality of the signal being transmitted

More information

The Theta Laser A Low Noise Chirped Pulse Laser. Dimitrios Mandridis

The Theta Laser A Low Noise Chirped Pulse Laser. Dimitrios Mandridis CREOL Affiliates Day 2011 The Theta Laser A Low Noise Chirped Pulse Laser Dimitrios Mandridis dmandrid@creol.ucf.edu April 29, 2011 Objective: Frequency Swept (FM) Mode-locked Laser Develop a frequency

More information

Novel fiber Bragg grating fabrication system for long gratings with independent apodization and with local phase and wavelength control

Novel fiber Bragg grating fabrication system for long gratings with independent apodization and with local phase and wavelength control Novel fiber Bragg grating fabrication system for long gratings with independent apodization and with local phase and wavelength control K. M. Chung, 1,* L. Dong, 2 C. Lu, 3 and H.Y. Tam 1 1 Photonics Research

More information

Development of Etalon-Type Gain-Flattening Filter

Development of Etalon-Type Gain-Flattening Filter Development of Etalon-Type Gain-Flattening Filter by Kazuyou Mizuno *, Yasuhiro Nishi *, You Mimura *, Yoshitaka Iida *, Hiroshi Matsuura *, Daeyoul Yoon *, Osamu Aso *, Toshiro Yamamoto *2, Tomoaki Toratani

More information

A tunable and switchable single-longitudinalmode dual-wavelength fiber laser with a simple linear cavity

A tunable and switchable single-longitudinalmode dual-wavelength fiber laser with a simple linear cavity A tunable and switchable single-longitudinalmode dual-wavelength fiber laser with a simple linear cavity Xiaoying He, 1 Xia Fang, 1 Changrui Liao, 1 D. N. Wang, 1,* and Junqiang Sun 2 1 Department of Electrical

More information

Stable dual-wavelength oscillation of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser at room temperature

Stable dual-wavelength oscillation of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser at room temperature Stable dual-wavelength oscillation of an erbium-doped fiber ring laser at room temperature Donghui Zhao.a, Xuewen Shu b, Wei Zhang b, Yicheng Lai a, Lin Zhang a, Ian Bennion a a Photonics Research Group,

More information

Linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser with over 100 nm tuning range

Linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser with over 100 nm tuning range Linear cavity erbium-doped fiber laser with over 100 nm tuning range Xinyong Dong, Nam Quoc Ngo *, and Ping Shum Network Technology Research Center, School of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Nanyang

More information

Optical phase-locked loop for coherent transmission over 500 km using heterodyne detection with fiber lasers

Optical phase-locked loop for coherent transmission over 500 km using heterodyne detection with fiber lasers Optical phase-locked loop for coherent transmission over 500 km using heterodyne detection with fiber lasers Keisuke Kasai a), Jumpei Hongo, Masato Yoshida, and Masataka Nakazawa Research Institute of

More information

CSO/CTB PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT BY USING FABRY-PEROT ETALON AT THE RECEIVING SITE

CSO/CTB PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT BY USING FABRY-PEROT ETALON AT THE RECEIVING SITE Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 6, 107 113, 2009 CSO/CTB PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT BY USING FABRY-PEROT ETALON AT THE RECEIVING SITE S.-J. Tzeng, H.-H. Lu, C.-Y. Li, K.-H. Chang,and C.-H.

More information

Trends in Optical Transceivers:

Trends in Optical Transceivers: Trends in Optical Transceivers: Light sources for premises networks Peter Ronco Corning Optical Fiber Asst. Product Line Manager Premises Fibers January 24, 2006 Outline: Introduction: Transceivers and

More information

A novel tunable diode laser using volume holographic gratings

A novel tunable diode laser using volume holographic gratings A novel tunable diode laser using volume holographic gratings Christophe Moser *, Lawrence Ho and Frank Havermeyer Ondax, Inc. 85 E. Duarte Road, Monrovia, CA 9116, USA ABSTRACT We have developed a self-aligned

More information

S-band gain-clamped grating-based erbiumdoped fiber amplifier by forward optical feedback technique

S-band gain-clamped grating-based erbiumdoped fiber amplifier by forward optical feedback technique S-band gain-clamped grating-based erbiumdoped fiber amplifier by forward optical feedback technique Chien-Hung Yeh 1, *, Ming-Ching Lin 3, Ting-Tsan Huang 2, Kuei-Chu Hsu 2 Cheng-Hao Ko 2, and Sien Chi

More information

TECHNICAL ARTICLE: DESIGN BRIEF FOR INDUSTRIAL FIBRE OPTICAL NETWORKS

TECHNICAL ARTICLE: DESIGN BRIEF FOR INDUSTRIAL FIBRE OPTICAL NETWORKS TECHNICAL ARTICLE: DESIGN BRIEF FOR INDUSTRIAL FIBRE OPTICAL NETWORKS Designing and implementing a fibre optical based communication network intended to replace or augment an existing communication network

More information

4 Photonic Wireless Technologies

4 Photonic Wireless Technologies 4 Photonic Wireless Technologies 4-1 Research and Development of Photonic Feeding Antennas Keren LI, Chong Hu CHENG, and Masayuki IZUTSU In this paper, we presented our recent works on development of photonic

More information

Performance Analysis Of An Ultra High Capacity 1 Tbps DWDM-RoF System For Very Narrow Channel Spacing

Performance Analysis Of An Ultra High Capacity 1 Tbps DWDM-RoF System For Very Narrow Channel Spacing Performance Analysis Of An Ultra High Capacity 1 Tbps DWDM-RoF System For Very Narrow Channel Spacing Viyoma Sarup* and Amit Gupta Chandigarh University Punjab, India *viyoma123@gmail.com Abstract A RoF

More information

Multiwavelength optical fibre source

Multiwavelength optical fibre source Multiwavelength optical fibre source JAN LAMPERSKI, PIOTR STĘPCZAK Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications Poznan University of Technology ul. Piotrowo 3A, 60-965 Poznań POLAND Abstract: - In this

More information

Elements of Optical Networking

Elements of Optical Networking Bruckner Elements of Optical Networking Basics and practice of optical data communication With 217 Figures, 13 Tables and 93 Exercises Translated by Patricia Joliet VIEWEG+ TEUBNER VII Content Preface

More information

Design and Analysis of Resonant Leaky-mode Broadband Reflectors

Design and Analysis of Resonant Leaky-mode Broadband Reflectors 846 PIERS Proceedings, Cambridge, USA, July 6, 8 Design and Analysis of Resonant Leaky-mode Broadband Reflectors M. Shokooh-Saremi and R. Magnusson Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University

More information

Opto-VLSI-based reconfigurable photonic RF filter

Opto-VLSI-based reconfigurable photonic RF filter Research Online ECU Publications 29 Opto-VLSI-based reconfigurable photonic RF filter Feng Xiao Mingya Shen Budi Juswardy Kamal Alameh This article was originally published as: Xiao, F., Shen, M., Juswardy,

More information

Optical Fibers p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Step-Index Fibers p. 2 Graded-Index Fibers p. 4 Design and Fabrication p. 6 Silica Fibers p.

Optical Fibers p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Step-Index Fibers p. 2 Graded-Index Fibers p. 4 Design and Fabrication p. 6 Silica Fibers p. Preface p. xiii Optical Fibers p. 1 Basic Concepts p. 1 Step-Index Fibers p. 2 Graded-Index Fibers p. 4 Design and Fabrication p. 6 Silica Fibers p. 6 Plastic Optical Fibers p. 9 Microstructure Optical

More information

Determination of ideal Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) length for Optical Transmission System

Determination of ideal Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) length for Optical Transmission System Determination of ideal Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) length for Optical Transmission System Aastha Singhal SENSE school, VIT University Vellore, India Akanksha Singh SENSE school, VIT University Vellore, India

More information

Mode analysis of Oxide-Confined VCSELs using near-far field approaches

Mode analysis of Oxide-Confined VCSELs using near-far field approaches Annual report 998, Dept. of Optoelectronics, University of Ulm Mode analysis of Oxide-Confined VCSELs using near-far field approaches Safwat William Zaki Mahmoud We analyze the transverse mode structure

More information

Wavelength switching using multicavity semiconductor laser diodes

Wavelength switching using multicavity semiconductor laser diodes Wavelength switching using multicavity semiconductor laser diodes A. P. Kanjamala and A. F. J. Levi Department of Electrical Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles, California 989-1111

More information

An Amplified WDM-PON Using Broadband Light Source Seeded Optical Sources and a Novel Bidirectional Reach Extender

An Amplified WDM-PON Using Broadband Light Source Seeded Optical Sources and a Novel Bidirectional Reach Extender Journal of the Optical Society of Korea Vol. 15, No. 3, September 2011, pp. 222-226 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3807/josk.2011.15.3.222 An Amplified WDM-PON Using Broadband Light Source Seeded Optical Sources

More information

Temporal differentiation of optical signals using a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating

Temporal differentiation of optical signals using a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating Temporal differentiation of optical signals using a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating Naum K. Berger, Boris Levit and Baruch Fischer Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of

More information

A NEW APPROACH TO DESIGN DIGITALLY TUNABLE OPTICAL FILTER SYSTEM FOR DWDM OPTICAL NETWORKS

A NEW APPROACH TO DESIGN DIGITALLY TUNABLE OPTICAL FILTER SYSTEM FOR DWDM OPTICAL NETWORKS Progress In Electromagnetics Research M, Vol. 11, 213 223, 2010 A NEW APPROACH TO DESIGN DIGITALLY TUNABLE OPTICAL FILTER SYSTEM FOR DWDM OPTICAL NETWORKS A. Banerjee Department of Electronics and Communication

More information

SIGNAL processing in the optical domain is considered

SIGNAL processing in the optical domain is considered 1410 JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY, VOL. 23, NO. 3, MARCH 2005 All-Optical Microwave Filters Using Uniform Fiber Bragg Gratings With Identical Reflectivities Fei Zeng, Student Member, IEEE, Student Member,

More information

Cost-effective wavelength-tunable fiber laser using self-seeding Fabry-Perot laser diode

Cost-effective wavelength-tunable fiber laser using self-seeding Fabry-Perot laser diode Cost-effective wavelength-tunable fiber laser using self-seeding Fabry-Perot laser diode Chien Hung Yeh, 1* Fu Yuan Shih, 2 Chia Hsuan Wang, 3 Chi Wai Chow, 3 and Sien Chi 2, 3 1 Information and Communications

More information

PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR PHASED-ARRAY BEAMFORMING

PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR PHASED-ARRAY BEAMFORMING PHOTONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR PHASED-ARRAY BEAMFORMING F.E. VAN VLIET J. STULEMEIJER # K.W.BENOIST D.P.H. MAAT # M.K.SMIT # R. VAN DIJK * * TNO Physics and Electronics Laboratory P.O. Box 96864 2509

More information

NEW APPROACH TO DESIGN DIGITALLY TUNABLE OPTICAL FILTER SYSTEM FOR WAVELENGTH SELEC- TIVE SWITCHING BASED OPTICAL NETWORKS

NEW APPROACH TO DESIGN DIGITALLY TUNABLE OPTICAL FILTER SYSTEM FOR WAVELENGTH SELEC- TIVE SWITCHING BASED OPTICAL NETWORKS Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 9, 93 100, 2009 NEW APPROACH TO DESIGN DIGITALLY TUNABLE OPTICAL FILTER SYSTEM FOR WAVELENGTH SELEC- TIVE SWITCHING BASED OPTICAL NETWORKS A. Banerjee

More information

OPTICAL NETWORKS. Building Blocks. A. Gençata İTÜ, Dept. Computer Engineering 2005

OPTICAL NETWORKS. Building Blocks. A. Gençata İTÜ, Dept. Computer Engineering 2005 OPTICAL NETWORKS Building Blocks A. Gençata İTÜ, Dept. Computer Engineering 2005 Introduction An introduction to WDM devices. optical fiber optical couplers optical receivers optical filters optical amplifiers

More information

Optical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500) Massoud Karbassian

Optical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500) Massoud Karbassian Optical Communications and Networks - Review and Evolution (OPTI 500) Massoud Karbassian m.karbassian@arizona.edu Contents Optical Communications: Review Optical Communications and Photonics Why Photonics?

More information

Multi-format all-optical-3r-regeneration technology

Multi-format all-optical-3r-regeneration technology Multi-format all-optical-3r-regeneration technology Masatoshi Kagawa Hitoshi Murai Amount of information flowing through the Internet is growing by about 40% per year. In Japan, the monthly average has

More information

Optical fiber-fault surveillance for passive optical networks in S-band operation window

Optical fiber-fault surveillance for passive optical networks in S-band operation window Optical fiber-fault surveillance for passive optical networks in S-band operation window Chien-Hung Yeh 1 and Sien Chi 2,3 1 Transmission System Department, Computer and Communications Research Laboratories,

More information

Swept Wavelength Testing:

Swept Wavelength Testing: Application Note 13 Swept Wavelength Testing: Characterizing the Tuning Linearity of Tunable Laser Sources In a swept-wavelength measurement system, the wavelength of a tunable laser source (TLS) is swept

More information

High stability multiplexed fibre interferometer and its application on absolute displacement measurement and on-line surface metrology

High stability multiplexed fibre interferometer and its application on absolute displacement measurement and on-line surface metrology High stability multiplexed fibre interferometer and its application on absolute displacement measurement and on-line surface metrology Dejiao Lin, Xiangqian Jiang and Fang Xie Centre for Precision Technologies,

More information

Stabilisation of Linear-cavity Fibre Laser Using a Saturable Absorber

Stabilisation of Linear-cavity Fibre Laser Using a Saturable Absorber Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications 2011 2011 Stabilisation of Linear-cavity Fibre Laser Using a Saturable Absorber David Michel Edith Cowan University Feng Xiao Edith Cowan University

More information

Integrated Photonics based on Planar Holographic Bragg Reflectors

Integrated Photonics based on Planar Holographic Bragg Reflectors Integrated Photonics based on Planar Holographic Bragg Reflectors C. Greiner *, D. Iazikov and T. W. Mossberg LightSmyth Technologies, Inc., 86 W. Park St., Ste 25, Eugene, OR 9741 ABSTRACT Integrated

More information

Single-Frequency, 2-cm, Yb-Doped Silica-Fiber Laser

Single-Frequency, 2-cm, Yb-Doped Silica-Fiber Laser Single-Frequency, 2-cm, Yb-Doped Silica-Fiber Laser W. Guan and J. R. Marciante University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics The Institute of Optics Frontiers in Optics 2006 90th OSA Annual

More information

Theory and Applications of Frequency Domain Laser Ultrasonics

Theory and Applications of Frequency Domain Laser Ultrasonics 1st International Symposium on Laser Ultrasonics: Science, Technology and Applications July 16-18 2008, Montreal, Canada Theory and Applications of Frequency Domain Laser Ultrasonics Todd W. MURRAY 1,

More information

Directly Chirped Laser Source for Chirped Pulse Amplification

Directly Chirped Laser Source for Chirped Pulse Amplification Directly Chirped Laser Source for Chirped Pulse Amplification Input pulse (single frequency) AWG RF amp Output pulse (chirped) Phase modulator Normalized spectral intensity (db) 64 65 66 67 68 69 1052.4

More information

Impact Monitoring in Smart Composites Using Stabilization Controlled FBG Sensor System

Impact Monitoring in Smart Composites Using Stabilization Controlled FBG Sensor System Impact Monitoring in Smart Composites Using Stabilization Controlled FBG Sensor System H. J. Bang* a, S. W. Park a, D. H. Kim a, C. S. Hong a, C. G. Kim a a Div. of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced

More information

Laser Diode. Photonic Network By Dr. M H Zaidi

Laser Diode. Photonic Network By Dr. M H Zaidi Laser Diode Light emitters are a key element in any fiber optic system. This component converts the electrical signal into a corresponding light signal that can be injected into the fiber. The light emitter

More information

Lectureo5 FIBRE OPTICS. Unit-03

Lectureo5 FIBRE OPTICS. Unit-03 Lectureo5 FIBRE OPTICS Unit-03 INTRODUCTION FUNDAMENTAL IDEAS ABOUT OPTICAL FIBRE Multimode Fibres Multimode Step Index Fibres Multimode Graded Index Fibres INTRODUCTION In communication systems, there

More information

DBR based passively mode-locked 1.5m semiconductor laser with 9 nm tuning range Moskalenko, V.; Williams, K.A.; Bente, E.A.J.M.

DBR based passively mode-locked 1.5m semiconductor laser with 9 nm tuning range Moskalenko, V.; Williams, K.A.; Bente, E.A.J.M. DBR based passively mode-locked 1.5m semiconductor laser with 9 nm tuning range Moskalenko, V.; Williams, K.A.; Bente, E.A.J.M. Published in: Proceedings of the 20th Annual Symposium of the IEEE Photonics

More information

Supplementary Figures

Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1: Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) phase stabilization. (a) DC output of the MZI with and without phase stabilization. (b) Performance of MZI stabilization

More information

Performance Limitations of WDM Optical Transmission System Due to Cross-Phase Modulation in Presence of Chromatic Dispersion

Performance Limitations of WDM Optical Transmission System Due to Cross-Phase Modulation in Presence of Chromatic Dispersion Performance Limitations of WDM Optical Transmission System Due to Cross-Phase Modulation in Presence of Chromatic Dispersion M. A. Khayer Azad and M. S. Islam Institute of Information and Communication

More information

Sensors & Transducers 2014 by IFSA Publishing, S. L.

Sensors & Transducers 2014 by IFSA Publishing, S. L. Sensors & Transducers 04 by IFSA Publishing, S. L. http://www.sensorsportal.com Dense Wavelength Division (De) Multiplexers Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings S. BENAMEUR, M. KANDOUCI, C. AUPETIT-THELEMOT,

More information

Submicron planar waveguide diffractive photonics

Submicron planar waveguide diffractive photonics Invited Paper Submicron planar waveguide diffractive photonics T. W. Mossberg*, C. Greiner, and D. Iazikov LightSmyth Technologies, Inc., 86 West Park St., Suite 25, Eugene, OR 9741 ABSTRACT Recent advances

More information

Characterization of Chirped volume bragg grating (CVBG)

Characterization of Chirped volume bragg grating (CVBG) Characterization of Chirped volume bragg grating (CVBG) Sobhy Kholaif September 7, 017 1 Laser pulses Ultrashort laser pulses have extremely short pulse duration. When the pulse duration is less than picoseconds

More information

Low Phase Noise Laser Synthesizer with Simple Configuration Adopting Phase Modulator and Fiber Bragg Gratings

Low Phase Noise Laser Synthesizer with Simple Configuration Adopting Phase Modulator and Fiber Bragg Gratings ALMA Memo #508 Low Phase Noise Laser Synthesizer with Simple Configuration Adopting Phase Modulator and Fiber Bragg Gratings Takashi YAMAMOTO 1, Satoki KAWANISHI 1, Akitoshi UEDA 2, and Masato ISHIGURO

More information

Index Terms WDM, multi-wavelength Erbium Doped fiber laser.

Index Terms WDM, multi-wavelength Erbium Doped fiber laser. A Multi-wavelength Erbium Doped Fiber Laser for Free Space Optical Communication link S. Qhumayo, R. Martinez Manuel and J.J. M. Kaboko Photonics Research Group, Department of Electrical and Electronic

More information

Study of Multiwavelength Fiber Laser in a Highly Nonlinear Fiber

Study of Multiwavelength Fiber Laser in a Highly Nonlinear Fiber Study of Multiwavelength Fiber Laser in a Highly Nonlinear Fiber I. H. M. Nadzar 1 and N. A.Awang 1* 1 Faculty of Science, Technology and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor,

More information

Dynamic gain-tilt compensation using electronic variable optical attenuators and a thin film filter spectral tilt monitor

Dynamic gain-tilt compensation using electronic variable optical attenuators and a thin film filter spectral tilt monitor Dynamic gain-tilt compensation using electronic variable optical attenuators and a thin film filter spectral tilt monitor P. S. Chan, C. Y. Chow, and H. K. Tsang Department of Electronic Engineering, The

More information

SIMULATION OF FULL DUPLEX DATA AND VIDEO TRANSMISSION IN ROF SYSTEM USING OPTISYSTEM

SIMULATION OF FULL DUPLEX DATA AND VIDEO TRANSMISSION IN ROF SYSTEM USING OPTISYSTEM SIMULATION OF FULL DUPLEX DATA AND VIDEO TRANSMISSION IN ROF SYSTEM USING OPTISYSTEM 1 Sandeep Singh, 2 Arvind Kumar Jaiswal, 3 Mukesh Kumar 1 PG student, SHIATS-DU, Allahabad, U.P -211007, sandeep.singhiec@gmail.com

More information

Optical Amplifiers Photonics and Integrated Optics (ELEC-E3240) Zhipei Sun Photonics Group Department of Micro- and Nanosciences Aalto University

Optical Amplifiers Photonics and Integrated Optics (ELEC-E3240) Zhipei Sun Photonics Group Department of Micro- and Nanosciences Aalto University Photonics Group Department of Micro- and Nanosciences Aalto University Optical Amplifiers Photonics and Integrated Optics (ELEC-E3240) Zhipei Sun Last Lecture Topics Course introduction Ray optics & optical

More information

RADIO OVER FIBER FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

RADIO OVER FIBER FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION RADIO OVER FIBER FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION Rakhi Thakur 1, Shuchita Mudgil 2 1 Department of ECE, KNPC,Jbp, (India) 2 Department of IT, KNPC, Jbp, (India) ABSTRACT The demand for broadband services has

More information

Industrial Automation

Industrial Automation OPTICAL FIBER. SINGLEMODE OR MULTIMODE It is important to understand the differences between singlemode and multimode fiber optics before selecting one or the other at the start of a project. Its different

More information

Frequency Noise Reduction of Integrated Laser Source with On-Chip Optical Feedback

Frequency Noise Reduction of Integrated Laser Source with On-Chip Optical Feedback MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC RESEARCH LABORATORIES http://www.merl.com Frequency Noise Reduction of Integrated Laser Source with On-Chip Optical Feedback Song, B.; Kojima, K.; Pina, S.; Koike-Akino, T.; Wang, B.;

More information

Basic concepts. Optical Sources (b) Optical Sources (a) Requirements for light sources (b) Requirements for light sources (a)

Basic concepts. Optical Sources (b) Optical Sources (a) Requirements for light sources (b) Requirements for light sources (a) Optical Sources (a) Optical Sources (b) The main light sources used with fibre optic systems are: Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) Semiconductor lasers (diode lasers) Fibre laser and other compact solid-state

More information

Wavelength Division Multiplexing of a Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor using Transmit-Reflect Detection System

Wavelength Division Multiplexing of a Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor using Transmit-Reflect Detection System Edith Cowan University Research Online ECU Publications 2012 2012 Wavelength Division Multiplexing of a Fibre Bragg Grating Sensor using Transmit-Reflect Detection System Gary Allwood Edith Cowan University

More information

Optical Fiber Communication

Optical Fiber Communication A Seminar report On Optical Fiber Communication Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree Of Mechanical SUBMITTED TO: www.studymafia.org SUBMITTED BY: www.studymafia.org

More information

21. (i) Briefly explain the evolution of fiber optic system (ii) Compare the configuration of different types of fibers. or 22. (b)(i) Derive modal eq

21. (i) Briefly explain the evolution of fiber optic system (ii) Compare the configuration of different types of fibers. or 22. (b)(i) Derive modal eq Unit-1 Part-A FATIMA MICHAEL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY Senkottai Village, Madurai Sivagangai Main Road, Madurai - 625 020. [An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Institution] DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

More information