ETSI TR V1.2.1 ( ) Technical Report

Transcription

1 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Technical Report Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access networks; Spectral management on metallic access networks; Part 2: Technical methods or perormance evaluations

2 2 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Reerence RTR/ATTM Keywords access, ADSL, HDSL, ISDN, VDSL, xdsl, local loop, modem, network, POTS, SDSL, spectral management, transmission, unbundling 650 Route des Lucioles F Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: Fax: Siret N NAF 742 C Association à but non lucrati enregistrée à la Sous-Préecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice Individual copies o the present document can be downloaded rom: The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case o existing or perceived dierence in contents between such versions, the reerence version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case o dispute, the reerence shall be the printing on printers o the PDF version kept on a speciic network drive within Secretariat. Users o the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change o status. Inormation on the current status o this and other documents is available at I you ind errors in the present document, please send your comment to one o the ollowing services: Copyright Notiication No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the oregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media. European Telecommunications Standards Institute All rights reserved. DECT TM, PLUGTESTS TM, UMTS TM, TIPHON TM, the TIPHON logo and the logo are Trade Marks o registered or the beneit o its Members. 3GPP TM is a Trade Mark o registered or the beneit o its Members and o the 3GPP Organizational Partners.

3 3 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Contents Intellectual Property Rights...5 Foreword Scope Reerences Normative reerences Inormative reerences Deinitions and abbreviations Deinitions Abbreviations Transmitter signal models or xdsl Generic transmitter signal model Transmitter signal model or "ISDN.2B1Q" Transmitter signal model or "ISDN.2B1Q/iltered" Line-shared signal model or "ISDN.2B1Q" Transmitter signal model or "ISDN.MMS43" Transmitter signal model or "ISDN.MMS43/iltered" Line-shared signal model or "ISDN.MMS43" Transmitter signal model or "HDSL.2B1Q" Transmitter signal model or "HDSL.CAP" Transmitter signal model or "SDSL" Transmitter signal model or "ADSL/POTS (FO)" Transmitter signal model or "ADSL/POTS (FDD)" Transmitter signal model or "ADSL/ISDN (FO)" Transmitter signal model or "ADSL/ISDN (FDD)" Transmitter signal model or "ADSL2/J (FDD)" Transmitter signal model or "ADSL2/M (FDD)" Transmitter signal model or "VDSL1" Templates compliant with the main band plan Templates compliant with the optional band plan Transmitter signal models or "VDSL2" Noise loor Building block #1 or " Band Constructor" Building block #2 or " Shaper" Building block #3 or " notcher" Building block #4 or " Power Restrictor" Pre-deined downstream tables or " Band Constructor" Pre-deined upstream tables or " Band Constructor" Example deinitions o VDSL2 transmitters Generic receiver perormance models or xdsl Generic input models or eective SNR First order input model Generic detection models Generic Shited Shannon detection model Generic PAM detection model Generic CAP/QAM detection model Generic DMT detection model Generic models or echo coupling Linear echo coupling model Speciic receiver perormance models or xdsl Receiver perormance model or "HDSL.2B1Q" Receiver perormance model or "HDSL.CAP" Receiver perormance model or "SDSL" Receiver perormance model or "ADSL/POTS (FO)"...60

4 4 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 6.5 Receiver perormance model or "ADSL/POTS (FDD)" Receiver perormance model or "ADSL/ISDN (FO)" Receiver perormance model or "ADSL/ISDN (FDD)" Receiver perormance model or "VDSL" Transmission and relection models Summary o test loop models Crosstalk models Basic models or crosstalk cumulation Uniorm cumulation model FSAN sum or crosstalk cumulation Basic models or NEXT and FEXT coupling Normalized NEXT and FEXT coupling at an elementary cable section Normalized NEXT and FEXT coupling at distributed or branched cables Basic models or crosstalk injection Forced noise injection Current noise injection Overview o dierent network topologies Crosstalk evaluation or multi-node topologies Crosstalk evaluation or two-node topologies Examples o evaluating various scenarios European Spectral Platorm 2004 (ESP/2004) Technology mixtures within ESP/ System models within ESP/ Topology models within ESP/ Loop models within ESP/ Scenarios within ESP/ Annex A: Bibliography...84 History...85

5 5 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to. The inormation pertaining to these essential IPRs, i any, is publicly available or members and non-members, and can be ound in SR : "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notiied to in respect o standards", which is available rom the Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the Web server ( Pursuant to the IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by. No guarantee can be given as to the existence o other IPRs not reerenced in SR (or the updates on the Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM). The present document is part 2 o a multi-part deliverable covering Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access networks; Spectral management on metallic access networks, as identiied below: Part 1: Part 2: "Deinitions and signal library"; "Technical methods or perormance evaluations";

6 6 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 1 Scope The present document gives guidance on a common methodology or studying the impact o noise on xdsl perormance (maximum reach, noise margin, maximum bitrate) when changing parameters within various Spectral Management scenarios. These methods enable reproducible results and a consistent presentation o the assumed conditions (characteristics o cables and xdsl equipment) and coniguration (chosen technology mixture and cable ill) o each scenario. The technical methods include computer models or estimating: xdsl receiver capability o detecting signals under noisy conditions; xdsl transmitter characteristics; cable characteristics; crosstalk cumulation in cables, originating rom a mix o xdsl disturbers. The objective is to provide the technical means or evaluating the perormance o xdsl equipment within a chosen scenario. This includes the description o perormance properties o equipment. Another objective is to assist the reader with applying this methodology by providing examples on how to speciy the coniguration and the conditions o a scenario in an unambiguous way. The distinction is that a coniguration o a scenario can be controlled by access rules while the conditions o a scenario cannot. Possible applications o the present document include: Studying access rules, or the purpose o bounding the crosstalk in unbundled networks. Studying deployment rules, or the various systems present in the access network. Studying the impact o crosstalk on various technologies within dierent scenarios. The scope o the present document is explicitly restricted to the methodology or deining scenarios and quantiying the perormance o equipment within such a scenario. All judgement on what access rules are required, what perormance is acceptable, or what combinations are spectral compatible, is explicitly beyond the scope o the present document. The same applies or how realistic the example scenarios are. The models in the present document are not intended to set requirements or DSL equipment. These requirements are contained in the relevant transceiver speciications. The models in the present document are intended to provide a reasonable estimate o real-world perormance but may not include every aspect o modem behaviour in real networks. Thereore real-world perormance may not accurately match perormance numbers calculated with these models. 2 Reerences Reerences are either speciic (identiied by date o publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-speciic. For a speciic reerence, subsequent revisions do not apply. Non-speciic reerence may be made only to a complete document or a part thereo and only in the ollowing cases: - i it is accepted that it will be possible to use all uture changes o the reerenced document or the purposes o the reerring document; - or inormative reerences. Reerenced documents which are not ound to be publicly available in the expected location might be ound at

7 7 TR V1.2.1 ( ) For online reerenced documents, inormation suicient to identiy and locate the source shall be provided. Preerably, the primary source o the reerenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the reerence should, as ar as possible, remain valid or the expected lie o the document. The reerence shall include the method o access to the reerenced document and the ull network address, with the same punctuation and use o upper case and lower case letters. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time o publication cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative reerences The ollowing reerenced documents are indispensable or the application o the present document. For dated reerences, only the edition cited applies. For non-speciic reerences, the latest edition o the reerenced document (including any amendments) applies. Not applicable. 2.2 Inormative reerences The ollowing reerenced documents are not essential to the use o the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-speciic reerences, the latest version o the reerenced document (including any amendments) applies. SpM [i.1] [i.2] TR : "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access networks; Spectral management on metallic access networks; Part 1: Deinitions and signal library". ANSI T1E1.4, T : "Spectrum Management or loop transmission systems". ISDN [i.3] TS : "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) basic rate access; Digital transmission system on metallic local lines". HDSL [i.4] TS : "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) transmission systems on metallic local lines; HDSL core speciication and applications or combined ISDN-BA and kbit/s transmission". SDSL [i.5] [i.6] TS : "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access transmission system on metallic access cables; Symmetric single pair high bitrate Digital Subscriber Line (SDSL)". ITU-T Recommendation G.991.2: "Single-Pair High-Speed Digital Subscriber Line (SHDSL) transceivers". ADSL [i.7] [i.8] TS : "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access transmission systems on metallic access cables; Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) - European speciic requirements [ITU-T Recommendation G modiied]". ITU-T Recommendation G.992.1: "Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers". [i.9] ITU-T Recommendation G.992.3: "Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers - 2 (ADSL2)".

8 8 TR V1.2.1 ( ) VDSL [i.10] ITU-T Recommendation G.992.5: "Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) transceivers - extended bandwidth ADSL2 (ADSL2plus)". [i.11] [i.12] [i.13] TS : "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Access transmission systems on metallic access cables; Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line (VDSL); Part 1: Functional requirements". TS : "Access Terminals Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Access transmission systems on metallic pairs; Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line system (VDSL2)". [ITU-T Recommendation G993.2, modiied]. ITU-T Recommendation G993.2: "Very High Speed Digital Subscriber Line 2 (VDSL2)". SPLITTERS [i.14] [i.15] TS : "Access network xdsl transmission ilters; Part 1: ADSL splitters or European deployment; Sub-part 3: Speciication o ADSL/ISDN splitters". TS : "Access network xdsl transmission ilters; Part 1: ADSL splitters or European deployment; Sub-part 4: Speciication o ADSL over "ISDN or POTS" universal splitters". OTHER [i.16] ITU-T Recommendation G997.1: "Physical layer management or digital subscriber line (DSL) receivers". 3 Deinitions and abbreviations 3.1 Deinitions For the purposes o the present document, the ollowing terms and deinitions apply: access port: physical location, appointed by the loop provider, where signals (or transmission purposes) are injected into the local loop wiring access rule: mandatory rule or achieving access to the local loop wiring, equal or all network operators who are making use o the same network cable that bounds the crosstalk in that network cable cable ill (or degree o penetration): number and mixture o transmission techniques connected to the ports o a binder or cable bundle that are injecting signals into the access ports Cable Management Plan (CMP): list o selected access rules dedicated to a speciic network NOTE: This list may include associated descriptions and explanations. deployment rule: voluntary rule, irrelevant or achieving access to the local loop wiring and proprietary to each individual network operator NOTE: A deployment rule relects a network operator's own view about what the maximum length or maximum bitrate may be or oering a speciic transmission service to ensure a chosen minimum quality o service. disturber: source o intererence in spectral management studies coupled to the wire pair connecting victim modems NOTE: This term is intended solely as a technical term, deined within the context o these studies, and is not intended to imply any negative judgement.

9 9 TR V1.2.1 ( ) downstream transmission: transmission direction rom port, labelled as LT-port, to a port, labelled as NT-port NOTE: This direction is usually rom the central oice side via the local loop wiring, to the customer premises. Echo Cancelled (EC): term used within the context o ADSL to designate ADSL (FO) systems with requency overlap o downstream and upstream signals NOTE: In this context, the usage o the abbreviation "EC" was only kept or historical reasons. The usage o the echo cancelling technology is not only limited to FO systems (requency overlapped), but can also be used by FDD systems (requency division duplexing). local loop wiring: part o a metallic access network, terminated by well-deined ports, or transporting signals over a distance o interest NOTE: This part includes mainly cables, but may also include a Main Distribution Frame (MDF), street cabinets, and other distribution elements. The local loop wiring is usually passive only, but may include active splitter-ilters as well. loop provider: organization acilitating access to the local loop wiring NOTE: In several cases the loop provider is historically connected to the incumbent network operator, but other companies may serve as loop provider as well. LT-access port (or LT-port or short): access port or injecting signals, designated as "LT-port" NOTE: Such a port is commonly located at the central oice side, and intended or injecting "downstream" signals. max data rate: maximum data rate that can be recovered according to predeined quality criteria, when the received noise is increased with a chosen noise margin (or the received signal is decreased with a chosen signal margin) network operator: organization that makes use o a local loop wiring or transporting telecommunication services NOTE: This deinition covers incumbent as well as competitive network operators. noise margin: ratio (P n2 /P n1 ) by which the received noise power P n1 may increase to power P n2 until the recovered signal no longer meets the predeined quality criteria NOTE: This ratio is commonly expressed in db. NT-access port (or NT-port or short): is an access port or injecting signals, designated as "NT-port" NOTE: Such a port is commonly located at the customer premises, and intended or injecting "upstream" signals. perormance: is a measure o how well a transmission system ulils deined criteria under speciied conditions NOTE: Such criteria include reach, bitrate and noise margin. power back-o: is a generic mechanism to reduce the transmitter's output power NOTE: It has many purposes, including the reduction o power consumption, receiver dynamic range, crosstalk, etc. power cut-back: speciic variant o power back-o, used to reduce the dynamic range o the receiver, that is characterized by a requency independent reduction o the in-band NOTE: It is used, or instance, in ADSL and SDSL. mask: absolute upper bound o a, measured within a speciied resolution band NOTE: The purpose o masks is usually to speciy maximum levels or stationary signals. template: expected average o a stationary signal NOTE: The purpose o templates is usually to perorm simulations. The levels are usually below or equal to the associated masks.

10 10 TR V1.2.1 ( ) signal category: is a class o signals meeting the minimum set o speciications identiied in TR [i.1] NOTE: Some signal categories may distinct between dierent sub-classes, and may label them or instance as signals or "downstream" or or "upstream" purposes. signal margin: ratio (P s1 /P s2 ) by which the received signal power P s1 may decrease to power P s2 until the recovered signal no longer meets the predeined quality criteria NOTE: This ratio is commonly expressed in db. spectral compatibility: generic term or the capability o transmission systems to operate in the same cable NOTE: The precise deinition is application dependent and has to be deined or each group o applications. spectral management: art o making optimal use o limited capacity in (metallic) access networks NOTE: This is or the purpose o achieving the highest reliable transmission perormance and includes: Designing o deployment rules and their application. Designing o eective access rules. Optimized allocation o resources in the access network, e.g. access ports, diversity o systems between cable bundles, etc. Forecasting o noise levels or ine-tuning the deployment. Spectral policing to enorce compliance with access rules. Making a balance between conservative and aggressive deployment (low or high ailure risk). spectral management rule: generic term, incorporating (voluntary) deployment rules, (mandatory) access rules and all other (voluntary) measures to maximize the use o local loop wiring or transmission purposes transmission equipment: equipment connected to the local loop wiring that uses a transmission technique to transport inormation transmission system: set o transmission equipment that enables inormation to be transmitted over some distance between two or more points transmission technique: electrical technique used or the transportation o inormation over electrical wiring upstream transmission: transmission direction rom a port, labelled as NT-port, to a port, labelled as LT-port NOTE: This direction is usually rom the customer premises, via the local loop wiring, to the central oice side. victim modem: modem, subjected to intererence (such as crosstalk rom all other modems connected to other wire pairs in the same cable) that is being studied in a spectral management analysis NOTE: This term is intended solely as a technical term, deined within the context o these studies, and is not intended to imply any negative judgement. 3.2 Abbreviations For the purposes o the present document, the ollowing abbreviations apply: 2B1Q ADSL BER CAP CMP DFE DMT EC EPL 2-Binary, 1-Quaternary (Use o 4-level PAM to carry two buts per pulse) Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Bit Error Ratio Carrier less Amplitude/Phase modulation Cable Management Plan Decision Feedback Equalizer Discrete MultiTone modulation Echo Cancelled Estimated Power Loss

11 11 TR V1.2.1 ( ) FBL FDD FO FSAN GABL HDSL ISDN LT-port LTU MDF NT-port NTU PAM PBO QAM RBL SDSL SNR TBL TRA UC VDSL xdsl Fractional Bit Loading Frequency Division Duplexing/Duplexed Frequency Overlap, previously reerred to as Echo Cancelled (EC) Full Service Access Network Gain Adjusted Bit Loading High bitrate Digital Subscriber Line Integrated Services Digital Network Line Termination - port (commonly at central oice side) Line Termination Unit Main Distribution Frame Network Termination - port (commonly at customer side) Network Termination Unit Pulse Amplitude Modulation Power Back-O Power Spectral Density (single sided) Quadrature Amplitude Modulation Rounded Bit Loading Symmetrical (single pair high bitrate) Digital Subscriber Line Signal to Noise Ratio (ratio o powers) Truncated Bit Loading TRAnsmitter Ungerboeck Coded (also known as trellis coded) Very-high-speed Digital Subscriber Line (all systems) Digital Subscriber Line 4 Transmitter signal models or xdsl A transmitter model in this clause is mainly a description o the transmitted signal under matched conditions, plus an output impedance description to cover mismatched conditions as well. masks o transmitted xdsl signals are speciied in several documents or various purposes, or instance in TR [i.1]. These masks, however, cannot be applied directly to the description o a transmitter model. One reason is that masks are speciying an upper limit, and not the expected (averaged) values. Another reason is that the deinition o the true o a time-limited signal requires no resolution bandwidth at all (it is deined by means o an autocorrelation, ollowed by a Fourier transorm) while masks do rely on some resolution bandwidth. They describe values that are (slightly) dierent rom the true ; especially at steep edges (e.g. guard bands), and or modelling purposes this dierence is sometimes very relevant. To dierentiate between several descriptions, masks and templates o a are given a dierent meaning. Masks are intended or proving compliance to standard requirements, while templates are intended or modelling purposes. This clause summarizes various xdsl transmitter models, by deining template spectra o output signals. In some cases, models are marked as "deault" and/or as "alternative". Both models are applicable, but in case a preerence o either o them does not exist, the use o the "deault" models is recommended. Other (alternative) models may apply as well, provided that they are speciied. 4.1 Generic transmitter signal model A generic model o an xdsl transmitter is essentially a linear signal source. The Thevenin equivalent o such a source equals an ideal voltage source U s having a real resistor R s in series. The output voltage o this source is random in nature (as a unction o the time), and occupies a relatively broad spectrum. Correlation between transmitters is taken to be negligible. The autocorrelation properties o a transmitter's signal are taken to be adequately represented by a template.

12 12 TR V1.2.1 ( ) This generic model can be made speciic by deining: The output impedance R s o the transmitter. The template o the, measured at the output port, when terminated with an external impedance equal to R s. This is identiied as the "matched condition", and under this condition the output power equals the maximum power that is available rom this source. Under all other (mis-matched) termination conditions the output power will be lower. 4.2 Transmitter signal model or "ISDN.2B1Q" The template or modelling the "ISDN.2B1Q" transmit spectrum is deined by the theoretical sinc-shape o PAM encoded signals, with additional iltering and with a noise loor. The is the maximum o both power density curves, as summarized in expression 1 and the associated table 1. The coeicient q N scales the total signal power o P 1 () to a value that equals P ISDN. This value is dedicated to the used ilter characteristics, but equals q N =1 when no iltering is applied ( L 0, H ). The source impedance equals 135 Ω. P ( ) = P 1 ISDN 2 q X N 2 sinc X 1+ 1 H 2 N H 1 1+ L 2 [ W / Hz] 10 P ( ) = 2 ( P loor _ dbm 1000 /10) [ W / Hz] P( ) = max Where: P = 10 [W] ISDN ( ) 1000 ( P ( ), P ( )) [ W / Hz] 1 2 R S = 135 [Ω] sinc(x) = sin(π x) / (π x) Deault values or remaining parameters are summarized in table 1. Expression 1: template or modelling "ISDN.2B1Q" signals Dierent ISDN implementations, may use dierent ilter characteristics, and noise loor values. Table 1 speciies deault values or ISDN implementations, in the case where 2 nd order Butterworth iltering has been applied. The deault noise loor equals the maximum level that meets the out-o-band speciication o the ISDN standard (TS [i.3]). Table 1: Deault parameter values or the ISDN.2B1Q templates, as deined in expression 1 Type X H L NH qn PISDN_dBm Ploor_dBm [khz] [khz] [khz] [dbm] ISDN.2B1Q 80 1 x 0 2 1, ,5-120 NOTE: These deault values are based on 2 nd order Butterworth iltering.

13 13 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 4.3 Transmitter signal model or "ISDN.2B1Q/iltered" When ISDN signals have to pass a low-pass ilter (such as in an ADSL splitter) beore they reach the line, the disturbance caused by these ISDN systems to other wire pairs will change, as well as their perormance. SpM studies should thereore make a distinction between crosstalk generated rom ISDN systems connected directly to the line and iltered ISDN systems. The template or modelling a "ISDN.2B1Q/iltered" transmitter signal that has passed a low-pass splitter/ilter, is deined in table 2 in terms o break requencies. It has been constructed rom the transmitter template, iltered by the low-pass transer unction representing the splitter/ilter. The values are based on ilter assumptions according to splitter speciications in TS [i.14] and TS [i.15]. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. Table 2: template or modelling "ISDN.2B1Q/iltered" signals ISDN.2B1Q/iltered [Hz] (135Ω) 1 k -32,1 10 k -32,3 20 k -33,1 30 k -34,5 40 k -36,6 50 k -39,8 60 k -44,5 65 k -47,8 70 k -52,2 75 k -59,3 80 k -126,5 85 k -61,9 90 k -57,4 100 k -55,2 110 k -57,9 115 k -62,9 120 k -68,2 125 k -79,3 130 k -90,8 135 k -104,1 140 k -117,9 145 k -132,8 150 k -136,9 160 k -140,0 170 k -140,0 180 k -136,2 190 k -135,2 200 k -135,8 210 k -137,8 220 k -140,0 30 M -140,0

14 14 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 4.4 Line-shared signal model or "ISDN.2B1Q" The template or modelling the line-shared signal rom an ISDN.2B1Q transmitter that has passed the low-pass and the high-pass part o a splitter/ilter or sharing the line with ADSL signals, is deined in table 3 in terms o break requencies. It has been constructed rom the transmitter template, iltered by the low-pass and the high-pass transer unction representing the splitter/ilter. The values are based on ilter assumptions according to splitter speciications in TS [i.14] and in TS [i.15]. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. Table 3: template or modelling line shared "ISDN.2B1Q" signals Line-shared ISDN.2B1Q (135Ω) [Hz] 1 k -40,1 10 k -40,3 20 k -41,0 30 k -42,2 40 k -44,1 50 k -46,8 60 k -51,1 65 k -54,2 70 k -58,3 75 k -65,1 80 k -127,0 85 k -66,9 90 k -61,9 100 k -59,0 110 k -61,2 115 k -65,9 120 k -70,9 125 k -81,7 130 k -93,0 135 k -106,1 140 k -119,4 145 k -134,1 150 k -138,0 160 k -140,0 170 k -140,0 180 k -137,2 190 k -136,2 200 k -136,8 210 k -138,8 220 k -140,0 30 M -140,0

15 15 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 4.5 Transmitter signal model or "ISDN.MMS43" The template or modelling the "ISDN.MMS43" transmit spectrum (also known as ISDN.4B3T) is deined by a combination o a theoretical curve and a noise loor. The is the maximum o both power density curves, as summarized in expression 2. The source impedance equals 150 Ω. P ( ) = P 1 ISDN 2 2 sinc sinc 2 0 P1 + sinc 2 0 P L L2 4 [ W / Hz] P( ) = P ( ) + P 1 loor [ W / Hz] Where: ISDN ( 10 ) P /10 ISDN _ dbm 1000 P ( 10 loor _ dbm /10 ) 1000 P = [W], P ISDN_dBm = 13,5 dbm P = [W/Hz], P loor_dbm = -125 dbm/hz loor 0 = 120 khz; P1 = khz; P2 = khz; L1 = 80 khz; L2 = khz; sinc(x) = sin(π x) / (π x) Expression 2: template or modelling "ISDN.MMS43" signals 4.6 Transmitter signal model or "ISDN.MMS43/iltered" When ISDN signals have to pass a low-pass ilter (such as in an ADSL splitter) beore they reach the line, the disturbance caused by these ISDN systems to other wire pairs will change, as well as their perormance. SpM studies should thereore make a distinction between crosstalk generated rom ISDN systems connected directly to the line and iltered ISDN systems. The template or modelling a "ISDN.MMS43/iltered" transmitter signal that has passed a low-pass splitter/ilter, is deined in table 4 in terms o break requencies. It has been constructed rom the transmitter template, iltered by the low-pass transer unction representing the splitter/ilter. The values are based on ilter assumptions according to splitter speciications in TS [i.14] and in TS [i.15]. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale.

16 16 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Table 4: template or modelling "ISDN.MMS.43/iltered" signals ISDN.MMS.43/iltered (150 Ω) [Hz] 1 k -34,5 10 k -34,6 20 k -35,0 30 k -35,7 40 k -36,7 50 k -38,2 60 k -40,2 70 k -42,8 80 k -46,2 90 k -50,8 100 k -56,8 110 k -66,8 115 k -80,3 120 k -93,6 125 k -106,9 130 k -112,4 135 k -122,5 140 k -131,4 150 k -130,4 170 k -129,8 190 k -132,7 200 k -134,8 210 k -137,6 216 k -140,0 30 M -140,0 4.7 Line-shared signal model or "ISDN.MMS43" The template or modelling the line-shared signal rom an ISDN.MMS43 transmitter (also known as vv ISDN.4B3T), that has passed the low-pass and the high-pass part o a splitter/ilter or sharing the line with ADSL signals, is deined in table 5 in terms o break requencies. It has been constructed rom the transmitter template, iltered by the low-pass and the high-pass transer unction representing the splitter/ilter. The values are based on ilter assumptions according to splitter speciications in TS [i.14] and in TS [i.15]. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale.

17 17 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Table 5: template or modelling line shared "ISDN.MMS.43" signals Line-shared ISDN.MMS.43 (150 Ω) [Hz] 1 k -42,5 10 k -42,6 20 k -42,9 30 k -43,4 40 k -44,2 50 k -45,3 60 k -46,8 70 k -48,9 80 k -51,7 90 k -55,3 100 k -60,6 110 k -70,1 115 k -83,0 120 k -96,0 125 k -109,1 130 k -114,3 135 k -124,0 140 k -132,7 150 k -131,5 170 k -130,8 190 k -133,7 200 k -135,8 210 k -138,6 216 k -140,0 30 M -140,0 4.8 Transmitter signal model or "HDSL.2B1Q" The templates or modelling the spectra o various "HDSL.2B1Q" transmitters are deined by the theoretical sinc-shape o PAM encoded signals, with additional iltering and a noise loor. The template is the maximum o both power density curves, as summarized in expression 3 and associated table 6. The coeicient q N scales the total signal power o P 1 () to a value that equals P 0. This value is dedicated to the ilter characteristics used, but equals q N =1 when no iltering is applied ( L 0, H ). The source impedance equals 135 Ω. P ( ) = P 1 10 P ( ) = 2 HDSL ( P 2 q loor _ dbm 1000 X N /10) 2 sinc X 1 1+ L H1 2 N H H 2 2 N H 2 [ W / Hz] [ W / Hz] P( ) = max ( P ( ), P ( )) 1 2 [ W / Hz] Where: P ( 10 ) P /10 HDSL _ dbm HDSL = 1000 [W] R S = 135 [Ω ] sinc(x) = sin(π x) / (π x) Deault values or remaining parameters are summarized in table 6. Expression 3: template or modelling "HDSL.2B1Q" signals

18 18 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Dierent HDSL implementations, may use dierent ilter characteristics, and noise loor values. Table 6 summarizes deault values or modelling HDSL transmitters (name starting with a "D"), as well as alternative values (name starting with an "A"). The power level P HDSL equals the maximum power allowed by the HDSL standard (TS [i.4]), since a nominal value does not exist in that standard. The noise loor P loor equals a value observed or various implementations o HDSL.2B1Q/2, and assumed to be valid or other HDSL.2B1Q variants too. Table 6: Parameter values or the HDSL.2B1Q templates, as deined in expression 3 Model Type X L H1 N H1 H2 N H2 q N P HDSL_dBm P loor_dbm khz khz dbm dbm/hz D1 HDSL.2B1Q/ ,42 x 3 N/A N/A 1, D2 HDSL.2B1Q/ ,68 x 4 N/A N/A 1, A2.1 HDSL.2B1Q/ ,50 x 3 N/A N/A 1, A2.2 HDSL.2B1Q/ ,68 x 4 1,50 x 2 1, D3 HDSL.2B1Q/ ,50 x 3 N/A N/A 1, NOTE: The alternative values are based on higher order Butterworth iltering. Choose H2 = and N H2 =1 when not applicable (N/A). NOTE: Model A2.1 assumes a minimum amount o iltering that is required to meet the transmit speciications in TS [i.4]. Model D2 outperorms these transmit requirements by assuming the application o higher order iltering. Nevertheless, model D2 is identiied as a "deault" model, instead o A2.1, because it has been demonstrated that several commonly used chipsets have implemented this additional iltering. When spectral compatibility studies show that model D2 is signiicantly riendlier to other systems in the cable then model A2.1, it is recommended to veriy that model D2 is adequate or de HDSL modem under study. 4.9 Transmitter signal model or "HDSL.CAP" The templates or modelling signals generated by HDSL.CAP transmitters are dierent or single-pair and two-pair HDSL systems. The templates or modelling the "HDSL.CAP/1" transmit spectra or one-pair systems and "HDSL.CAP/2" transmit spectra or two-pair systems are deined in terms o break requencies, as summarized in table 7. These templates are taken rom the nominal shape o the transmit signal spectra, as speciied in the HDSL standard (TS [i.4]). The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. The source impedance equals R s = 135 Ω. Table 7: template values at break requencies or modelling "HDSL.CAP" HDSL.CAP/1 1-pair HDSL.CAP/2 2-pair 135 Ω 135 Ω [Hz] [Hz] ,0 k -57 3,98 k k ,5 k k ,02 k ,67 k ,58 k ,67 k ,10 k ,67 k ,62 k ,02 k ,00 k ,08 k ,188 M M M -120 NOTE: The out-o-band values may be lower than speciied in these models.

19 19 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 4.10 Transmitter signal model or "SDSL" The templates or modelling the spectra o "SDSL" transmitters are deined by the theoretical sinc-shape o PAM encoded signals, plus additional iltering and a noise loor. The transmit spectrum is deined as summarized in expression 4 and the associated table 8. NOTE: These models are applicable to SDSL 16-UC-PAM at rates up to 2,312 Mb/s. This template is taken rom the nominal shape o the transmit signal spectrum, as speciied in the SDSL standard (TS [i.5]). The source impedance equals R s =135 Ω. P P P sinc loor SDSL Ksdsl ( ) = R s 10 ( ) = ( ) = P ( P sinc X 2 sinc loor_dbm P /10) loor X N H ( ) 1 ( L + ) H 2 [ W / Hz] [ W / Hz] [ W / Hz] R s = 135 Ω P loor = -120 dbm/hz sinc(x) = sin(π x) / (π x) Parameter values are deined in table 8 Expression 4: template values or modelling both the symmetric and asymmetric modes o SDSL Table 8: Parameter values or the SDSL templates, as deined in expression 4 Mode Data Rate R TRA Symbol Rate sym x H L N H K SDSL [kb/s] [kbaud] [khz] [V 2 ] Sym < both (R+ 8 kbit/s)/3 sym x / ,86 Sym both (R+ 8 kbit/s)/3 sym x / ,90 Asym LTU (R+ 8 kbit/s)/3 2 sym x 2/ ,86 Asym NTU (R+ 8 kbit/s)/3 sym x 1/ ,66 Asym LTU (R+ 8 kbit/s)/3 2 sym x 3/ ,48 Asym NTU (R+ 8 kbit/s)/3 sym x 1/ ,74 Power back-o (both directions) The SDSL transmitter signal model includes a mechanism to cutback the power or short loops, and will be activated when the "Estimated Power Loss" (EPL) o the loop is below a threshold loss PL thres. This EPL is deined as the ratio between the total transmitted power (in W), and the total received power (in W). This loss is usually expressed in db as EPL db. This power back-o (PBO) is equal or all in-band transmit requencies, and is speciied in expression 5. It should be noted that this model is based on a smooth cutback mechanism, although practical SDSL modems may cut back their power in discrete steps ("staircase"). This expression is simpliied or simulation purposes. The SDSL power back-o is described in TS [i.5], clause PBO 0dB ( i ΔPL < 0) ( i 0 ΔPL 6dB) ( i Δ > 6dB) db = ΔPL where ΔPL = thres, db db 6 PL ( PL EPL ) Expression 5: Power back-o o the transmitted signal (in both directions), as a unction o the Estimated Power Loss (EPL) and a threshold loss o PL thres,db = 6,5 db, and represents some average o the "staircase" db

20 20 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 4.11 Transmitter signal model or "ADSL/POTS (FO)" The template or modelling the "ADSL/POTS (FO)" (TS [i.7]) transmit spectrum (a variant with requency overlapping, previously reerred to as Echo Cancelled) is deined in terms o break requencies, as summarized in table 9. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. The requency Δ in this table reers to the spacing o the DMT sub carriers o ADSL. The source impedance equals R s = 100 Ω. NOTE: These models do not apply to the associated ADSL2 (annex A) variant (ITU-T Recommendation G [i.9]). Table 9: template values at break requencies or modelling " ADSL/POTS (FO)" ADSL/POTS (FO) Up ADSL/POTS (FO) Down DMT carriers [7:31] DMT carriers [7:255] [Hz] [Hz] ,99k ,99 k k k -96 6,5 Δ ( 28,03 k) -38 6,5 Δ ( 28,03 k) ,5 Δ ( 135,84 k) Δ (= k) ,0 Δ ( 228,56 k) -90 1,250 M k ,500 M -70 1,411 M ,100 M -90 1,630 M ,093 M -90 5,275 M ,545 M M M -112 Δ = 4,3125 khz Δ = 4,3125 khz Power cut back (downstream only) The transmitter signal model includes a mechanism to cut-back the power or short loops, and will be activated when the band-limited power P rec, received within a speciied requency band at the other side o the loop, exceeds a threshold value P thres. This requency band is rom 6,5 Δ to 18,5 Δ, where Δ = 4,3125 khz, and covers 12 consecutive sub carriers (7 through 18). The cut back mechanism reduces the template to a level max, as speciied in expression 6, or those requencies where the downstream template exceeds this level. For all other requencies, the template remains unchanged. Note that this model is based on a smooth cutback mechanism, although practical ADSL modems may cut back their power in discrete steps ("staircase"). max, dbm 40dBm / Hz = 40dBm / Hz 2 Δ 52dBm / Hz P ( i Δ < 0dB) P ( i 0 Δ 6dB) where Δ = ( P P ) ( i Δ > 6dB) P P P rec, dbm Expression 6: Maximum values o the transmitted downstream signal, as a unction o the band-limited received power P rec and a threshold level o P thres,dbm = 2,5 dbm, and represents some average o the "staircase" thres, dbm 4.12 Transmitter signal model or "ADSL/POTS (FDD)" The template or modelling "ADSL/POTS (FDD)" (TS [i.7] and ITU-T Recommendation G [i.8]) transmit spectra (variants with requency division duplexing) is deined in terms o break requencies, as summarized in tables 11 and 10. Table 10 is to be used or modelling "adjacent FDD modems", usually enhanced by echo cancellation or improving the separation between upstream and downstream signals. Because a guard band is not needed here, only 1 sub-carrier is let unused.

21 21 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Table 11 is to be used or modelling "guard band FDD modems", usually equipped with steep iltering or improving the separation between upstream and downstream signals. 7 sub-carriers are let unused to enable this guard band to be implemented. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. The requency Δ in this table reers to the spacing o the DMT sub-carriers o ADSL. The source impedance equals R s = 100 Ω. NOTE: These models do not apply to the associated ADSL2 (annex A) variant (ITU-T Recommendation G [i.9]). Table 10: template values at break requencies or modelling "ADSL/POTS (FDD)", implemented as "adjacent FDD" (with echo cancelling) Adjacent FDD (using echo cancellation) ADSL/POTS (FDD) Up ADSL/POTS (FDD) Down DMT carriers [7:31] DMT carriers [33:255] [Hz] [Hz] ,99k ,99 k k k -96 6,5 Δ ( 28,03 k) ,5 Δ ( 97,03 k) ,5 Δ ( 135,84 k) ,0 Δ ( 138,00 k) -47,7 41,5 Δ ( 178,97 k) ,5 Δ ( 140,16 k) k Δ (= k) -40 1,411 M ,250 M -45 1,630 M ,500 M -70 5,275 M ,100 M M ,093 M -90 4,545 M M -112 Δ = 4,3125 khz Δ = 4,3125 khz NOTE: This allocates 1 unused sub carrier, since a guard band is not required here. Table 11: template values at break requencies or modelling "ADSL/POTS (FDD)", implemented as "guard band FDD" (with iltering) Guard band FDD (using ilters) ADSL/POTS (FDD) Up ADSL/POTS (FDD) Down DMT carriers [7:30] DMT carriers [38:255] [Hz] [Hz] ,99k ,99 k k k -96 6,5 Δ ( 28,03 k) ,5 Δ ( 118,59 k) ,5 Δ ( 131,53 k) ,0 Δ ( 159,56 k) -47,7 40,5 Δ ( 174,66 k) ,5 Δ ( 161,72 k) k Δ (= k) -40 1,411 M ,250 M -45 1,630 M ,500 M -70 5,275 M ,100 M M ,093 M -90 4,545 M M -112 Δ = 4,3125 khz Δ = 4,3125 khz NOTE: This allocates 7 unused sub-carriers. Power cut back (downstream only) The transmitter signal model includes a mechanism to cut back the power or short loops, using the same mechanism as speciied in expression 6, or modelling "ADSL/POTS (FO)" transmitters.

22 22 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 4.13 Transmitter signal model or "ADSL/ISDN (FO)" The template or modelling the "ADSL/ISDN (FO)" (TS [i.7] and ITU-T Recommendation G [i.8]) transmit spectrum (a variant with requency overlapping, previously reerred to as Echo Cancelled) is deined in terms o break requencies, as summarized in table 12. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. The requency Δ in this table reers to the spacing o the DMT sub-carriers o ADSL. The source impedance equals R s = 100 Ω. NOTE: These models do not apply to the associated ADSL2 (annex B) variant (ITU-T Recommendation G [i.9]). Table 12: template values at break requencies or modelling "ADSL/ISDN (FO)" ADSL/ISDN (FO) Up ADSL/ISDN (FO) Down DMT carriers [33:63] DMT carriers [33:255] [Hz] [Hz] k ,5 Δ ( 97,03 k) -85,3 22,5 Δ ( 97,03 k) -85,3 32,5 Δ ( 140,16 k) ,5 Δ ( 140,16 k) ,5 Δ ( 273,84 k) Δ (= k) ,5 Δ ( 291,09 k) -55 1,250 M ,5 Δ ( 321,28 k) -60 1,500 M ,5 Δ ( 347,16 k) -97,8 2,100 M k ,093 M -90 1,411 M ,545 M ,630 M M ,275 M M -112 Δ = 4,3125 khz Δ = 4,3125 khz Power cut back (downstream only) The transmitter signal model includes a mechanism to cut-back the power or short loops, and will be activated when the band-limited power P rec, received within a speciied requency band at the other side o the loop, exceeds a threshold value P thres. This requency band is rom 35,5 Δ to 47,5 Δ, where Δ = 4,3125 khz, and covers 12 consecutive sub carriers (36 through 47). The cut back mechanism reduces the template to a level max, as speciied in expression 7, or those requencies where the downstream template exceeds this level. For all other requencies, the template remains unchanged. Note that this model is based on a smooth cutback mechanism, although practical ADSL modems may cut back their power in discrete steps ("staircase"). max, dbm 40dBm / Hz = 40dBm / Hz 52dBm / Hz 4 3 Δ P ( i Δ < 0dB) P ( i 0 Δ 9dB) where Δ = ( P P ) ( i Δ > 9dB) P P P rec, dbm Expression 7: Maximum values o the transmitted downstream signal, as a unction o the band-limited received power P rec and a threshold level o P thres,dbm = -0,75 dbm, and represents some average o the "staircase" thres, dbm

23 23 TR V1.2.1 ( ) 4.14 Transmitter signal model or "ADSL/ISDN (FDD)" The template or modelling "ADSL /ISDN (FDD)" (TS [i.7] and ITU-T Recommendation G [i.8]) transmit spectra (variants with requency division duplexing) is deined in terms o break requencies, as summarized in tables 14 and 13. Table 13 is to be used or modelling "adjacent FDD modems", usually enhanced by echo cancellation or improving the separation between upstream and downstream signals. Because a guard band is not needed here, no sub-carrier is let unused. Table 14 is to be used or modelling "guard band FDD modems", usually enhanced by steep iltering or improving the separation between upstream and downstream signals. 7 sub-carriers are let unused to enable this guard band to be implemented. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. The requency Δ in this table reers to the spacing o the DMT sub-carriers o ADSL. The source impedance equals R s = 100 Ω. NOTE: These models do not apply to the associated ADSL2 (annex B) variant (ITU-T Recommendation G [i.9]). Table 13: template values at break requencies or modelling "ADSL/ISDN (FDD)", implemented as "adjacent FDD" (with echo cancelling) Adjacent FDD (using echo cancellation) ADSL/ISDN (FDD) Up ADSL/ISDN (FDD) Down DMT carriers [33:63] DMT carriers [64:255] [Hz] [Hz] ,5 Δ ( 230,72 k) ,5 Δ ( 97,03 k) -85,3 63,0 Δ ( 271,79 k) ,5 Δ ( 140,16 k) ,5 Δ ( 273,84 k) ,5 Δ ( 273,84 k) Δ (= k) ,5 Δ ( 291,09 k) -55 1,250 M ,5 Δ ( 321,28 k) -60 1,500 M ,5 Δ ( 347,16 k) -97,8 2,100 M k ,093 M -90 1,411 M ,545 M ,630 M M ,275 M M -112 Δ = 4,3125 khz Δ = 4,3125 khz NOTE: This has no guard band.

24 24 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Table 14: template values at break requencies or modelling "ADSL/ISDN (FDD)", implemented as "guard band FDD" (with iltering) Guard band FDD (using ilters) ADSL/ISDN (FDD) Up ADSL/ISDN (FDD) Down DMT carriers [33:56] DMT carriers [64:255] [Hz] [Hz] ,5 Δ ( 230,72 k) ,5 Δ ( 97,03 k) -85,3 63,0 Δ ( 271,79 k) ,5 Δ ( 140,16 k) ,5 Δ ( 273,84 k) ,5 Δ ( 243,66 k) Δ (= k) ,5 Δ ( 260,91 k) -55 1,250 M ,5 Δ ( 291,09 k) -60 1,500 M ,5 Δ ( 316,97 k) -97,8 2,100 M k ,093 M -90 1,411 M ,545 M ,630 M M ,275 M M -112 Δ = 4,3125 khz Δ = 4,3125 khz NOTE: This allocates 7 unused sub-carriers. Power cut back (downstream only) The transmitter signal model includes a mechanism to cut back the power or short loops, using the same mechanism as speciied in expression 7, or modelling "ADSL/ISDN (FO)" transmitters Transmitter signal model or "ADSL2/J (FDD)" The template or modelling the "ADSL2/J (FDD)" transmit spectrum is deined in terms o break requencies, as summarized in table 15. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. The requency Δ in this table reers to the sub-carrier spacing o the DMT tones o ADSL. The source impedance equals 100 Ω. Table 15: template values at break requencies or modelling "ADSL2/J (FDD)" - The values or and 1 3 are speciied in table 16 ADSL2/J (FDD) Up ADSL2/J (FDD) Down DMT carriers [1:k] DMT carriers [64:255] [Hz] [Hz] ,5 k ,5 Δ ( 230,72 k) k 1 63,0 Δ ( 271,79 k) =k Δ 1 63,5 Δ ( 273,84 k) ,0 Δ (= 1104,00 k) ,250 M ,8 1,500 M k ,100 M -90 1,411 M ,093 M -90 1,630 M ,545 M ,275 M M M -112 Δ = 4,3125 khz Δ = 4,3125 khz

25 25 TR V1.2.1 ( ) Table 16: Parameter values or parameters used in table 15 US mask number (M) Tone range [1...k] 1 [khz] 2 [khz] 3 [khz] 4 [khz] Δ ( 140,16) 153,38 157,50 192,45-38,0-55,0-60, Δ ( 157,41) 171,39 176,46 208,13-38,5-55,5-60, Δ ( 174,66) 189,31 195,55 224,87-39,0-56,0-61, Δ ( 191,91) 207,16 214,87 242,51-39,4-56,4-61, Δ ( 209,16) 224,96 234,56 260,90-39,8-56,8-61, Δ ( 226,41) 242,70 254,84 280,25-40,1-57,1-62, Δ ( 243,66) 260,40 276,14 300,85-40,4-57,4-62, Δ ( 260,91) 278,05 299,30 323,55-40,7-57,7-62, Δ ( 273,84) 291,09 321,28 345,04-41,0-58,0-63,0 Power back-o NOTE: The speciication o power back-o is let or urther study Transmitter signal model or "ADSL2/M (FDD)" The template or modelling the "ADSL2/M (FDD)" transmit spectrum is deined in terms o break requencies, as summarized in tables 17 and 18. The associated values are constructed with straight lines between these break requencies, when plotted against a logarithmic requency scale and a linear dbm scale. The requency Δ in this table reers to the sub-carrier spacing o the DMT tones o ADSL. The source impedance equals 100 Ω. Table 17: template values at break requencies or modelling "ADSL2/M (FDD)" - The values or and 1 3 are speciied in table 18 ADSL2/M (FDD) Up ADSL2/M (FDD) Down DMT carriers [7:k] DMT carriers [64:255] [Hz] [Hz] ,99k ,5 Δ ( 230,72 k) k ,0 Δ ( 271,79 k) -52 6,5 Δ ( 28,03 k) 1 63,5 Δ ( 273,84 k) = k Δ 1 256,0 Δ (= 1104,00 k) ,250 M ,500 M ,8 2,100 M k ,093 M -90 1,411 M ,545 M ,630 M M ,275 M M -112 Δ = 4,3125 khz Δ = 4,3125 khz