(3) A traveling wave transfers, but it does not transfer.

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1 AP PHYSICS TEST 9 Waves and Sound (1) Give a good physics definition of a wave. (2) Any wave has as its source. (3) A traveling wave transfers, but it does not transfer. (4) What is a mechanical wave? (5) Name and define the two types of waves. (We re not looking for mechanical and non-mechanical.) (6) For all mechanical waves, the speed of the wave depends only on. (7) Suppose you shake the end of a stretched rope to produce a wave. Which of the following actions would increase the speed of the wave down the string? Choose all that apply. A. Move your hand up and down more quickly. B. Move your hand up and down a greater distance. C. Use a heavier rope of the same length, under the same tension. D. Use a lighter rope of the same length, under the same tension. E. Stretch the rope tighter to increase the tension. F. Loosen the rope to decrease the tension. (8) Longitudinal waves look like transverse waves if is plotted as a function of.

2 (9) Three waves travel to the right with the same speed. Which wave has the highest frequency? (10) Sound is a wave. It is also a wave. A. Spherical Transverse B. Non-mechanical Longitudinal C. Non-mechanical Transverse D. Mechanical Longitudinal E. Mechanical Transverse (11) Amy and Zack, who are both at rest, are listening to a moving source of sound, which is emitting a frequency fs. The statements below relate the frequencies that they receive. Which is true? A. famy = fs = fzack B. famy = fs < fzack C. famy > fs < fzack D. famy < fs < fzack fs E. famy < fs > fzack (12) A radio station calls itself KOOL 105 because it broadcasts radio waves at 105 MHz. If instead the station was named after the wavelength (in m) they broadcast, what would they be called? (Note: Radio waves travel at the speed of light, m/s.) A. KOOL.36 B. KOOL 2.86 C. KOOL 3.6 D. KOOL 286 E. KOOL 236 (13) A wave traveling on a string has a period of.2 s, a wavelength of 32 cm, and an amplitude of 3 cm. The speed of this wave is A..6 cm/s B. 6.4 cm/s C. 15 cm/s D. 64 cm/s E. 160 cm/s

3 (14) Which wave pulse below carries the most energy? Explain your reasoning. (15) A wave on a rope travels with a speed of 10 m/s. The length of the rope is 5 m, and the tension in the rope is 25 N. What is the rope s mass? A. 20 kg B kg C. 16 kg D kg E. 10 kg (16) You stand at x = 0, listening to a sound that is emitted at a source frequency fs. The graph below shows the frequency that you hear during a 4 s interval. Which one of the following describes the motion of the source? A. It moves from left to right and passes you at t = 2 s. B. It moves from right to left and passes you at t = 2 s. C. It moves toward you, doesn t reach you, and reverses at t = 2 s. D. It moves away from you and reverses at t = 2 s. E. It is stationary until t = 2 s. Then it moves toward you. fs (17) If a whisper has an intensity of W/m 2 at a distance of 1 m from the source, what is the intensity 2 m from the source? Assume the sound propagates as a spherical wave. (18) If a whisper has an intensity of W/m 2 at a distance of 1 m from the source, what is the power on a wave front 2 m from the source? Assume the sound propagates as a spherical wave.

4 (19) A fat string and a skinny string are connected and pulled taut, and a wave is set up in the strings. When the wave crosses the boundary from string 1 (fat) to string 2 (skinny), the wave speed A. Increases. B. Decreases. C. Stays the same. D. Can t be determined unless we have their lengths. (20) Explain what is meant by the following: (a) The principle of superposition. (b) Constructive interference. (c) Destructive interference. (21) Two upright pulses are traveling on a string to the right toward a solid wall, as shown below. 1 2 (a) Consider the time when pulse 2 has reflected from the wall and interferes with pulse 1, which is still traveling to the right. Draw the string at this time of interference. (b) Draw the string after the interference, with pulse 1 still not yet reaching the wall. (22) When we hear a sound s pitch, this corresponds to the physical quantity, and a sound s loudness corresponds to.

5 (23) An oscillator creates a transverse wave on a stretched rope. Which of the following parameters cannot be changed by altering the motion of the oscillator? A. f B. λ C. v D. A E. E (24) An original standing wave is shown. Which of the modes below has twice the frequency? (25) In the above problem, the original wave is the harmonic, also called the overtone. (26) When a tuning fork of unknown frequency is struck together with a 496 Hz tuning fork, a beat frequency of 3 Hz results. When it is played together with a 484 Hz tuning fork, a beat frequency of 9 Hz results. The frequency of the unknown tuning fork is A. 499 Hz B. 490 Hz C. 475 Hz D. 493 Hz E. 487 Hz (27) The picture below shows a 2.5 m string vibrating at a 100 Hz. (a) Is the point at x = 1 m a node or antinode? (b) Which harmonic is this? (c) What is the string s fundamental frequency? (28) The range of audible intensities is < I <, measured in units of. This corresponds to a loudness of < β <, measured in units of.

6 (29) A sound wave in air has a frequency of 262 Hz and travels with a speed of 343 m/s. How far is it from crest to trough? A. 1.3 m B..76 m C..65 m D..38 m E..21 m (30) A cord of mass.75 kg is stretched between two supports 30 m apart. If the tension in the cord is 150 N, how much time will it take a pulse to travel from one support to the other? (31) When stepping outside, you hear the traffic noise increase by 1 db. By what factor is the intensity of the noise outside greater than the intensity inside? (32) (a) Explain the underlying reason/mechanism for the Doppler effect when the source is moving. (b) Explain the underlying reason/mechanism for the Doppler effect when the observer is moving. (33) A policeman is using sonar to gauge a truck s speed. He sends out a sound with a frequency of 500 Hz toward the truck that is moving away from him at 20 m/s. (Speed of sound is v = 343 m/s) A. What frequency does the truck receive? B. What frequency does the policeman receive back, after the wave reflects off the truck? ( ) Note: Don t spend more than 90 min on this test! Indicate the time that it took you here: I,, have taken this test without the use of resources other than my brilliant mind.

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