AN MIP APPROACH TO THE U-LINE BALANCING PROBLEM WITH PROPORTIONAL WORKER THROUGHPUT. Reyhan Erin Magna PowerTrain Troy, Michigan
|
|
- Kelly Gordon
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 AN IP APPROACH TO THE U-LINE BALANCING PROBLE WITH PROPORTIONAL WORKER THROUGHPUT Ryhan Erin agna PowrTrain Troy, ichigan USA Andrs L. Carrano Dpartmnt of Industrial and Systms Enginring, Rochstr Institut of Tchnology, Rochstr, NY USA. oiss Sudit Cntr for ultisourc Information Fusion Dpartmnt of Industrial and Systms Enginring. Univrsity at Buffalo. Buffalo, NY USA. Abstract On of th maor challngs facd by manufacturing companis is to rmain comptitiv in dynamic nvironmnts, whr fluctuations in customr dmand and production rats rquir systms capabl of adapting in a practical and conomical way. A U-shapd production cll is considrd on of th most flxibl dsigns for adapting th workforc lvl to varying conditions. Howvr, r-balancing fforts ar tim consuming and oftn rquir a nw work allocation and lin dsign. In this papr, a two-stag IP modl to dtrmin th bst cll dsign undr varying workforc lvls is proposd. Th modl sks to maintain proportionality btwn throughput and th numbr of workrs. Computational xprimnts considring various lin configurations (up to 9 stations) and workloads (up to 79 tasks) ar prformd. Th rsults show th proposd algorithm provids xcllnt rsults for all small and mdium siz problms addrssd in this study, as wll as for crtain configurations of larg problms. This approach can b usd to gnrat lookup tabls of lin dsigns to hlp with quick rallocation of workr assignmnts on th shop floor and with minimal disruption.
2 . Introduction U-shapd production lins, whr workrs handl on or mor machins, ar widly usd in cllular manufacturing and lan production systms. Th main advantags driv from a flxibl lin with cross-traind workrs capabl of adapting to changs in dmand and production pac. In lan systms, production lins typically striv to mt a prdtrmind, dmand-drivn cycl tim dnotd as takt tim. This cycl tim is achivd through a lin balancing xrcis that involvs grouping tasks into stations and assigning workrs to tnd on or mor stations. Whn th dmand rat or workforc lvls chang, th lin balancing is rvisitd and modifid with nw task groupings and workr assignmnts. This procss of adapting th production rsourcs to th changing dmand pattrns is known as Shoinka []. On th othr hand, th implications of not appropriatly addrssing lin balancing span across a wid rang of issus, from production control (.g. ovrproduction, idl workrs, tc.) to accounting (.g. variabl dirct labour cost pr unit, tc.). Currnt r-balancing practics in industry oftn involv trial-and-rror approachs. Such itrativ approachs, howvr, can b tdious and tim consuming. Additionally, most lin balancing algorithms for U-shapd lins proposd in litratur tnd to addrss stabl nvironmnts and assum littl or no variation with rspct to workforc lvls. Som fforts hav addrssd workforc issus but hav typically sought to minimiz th numbr of workrs for a givn workload condition [2]. Ths algorithms may not b practical in a dynamic nvironmnt whr vry frqunt, daily somtims, U-lin rdsigns ar ndd. Th rasons for such frqunt rdsigns ar typically found whnvr a volatil dmand nvironmnt is coupld with an unstabl workforc in turn a consqunc of absntism and high lvls of tmporary workrs. This papr was motivatd by th nds of a tir-on automotiv supplir with a similar nvironmnt. Th obctiv of this papr is to dvlop a modl for dsigning and balancing U- shapd production lins that maximizs th linarity of workr throughput. Such modl aims to produc th dsign that is most conduciv to lin balancing whil facing a varying numbr of availabl lin workrs. 2. Litratur Rviw Extnsiv rsarch has bn don on lin balancing for traditional production lins ovr th past four dcads. Howvr, rsarch fforts on U-shapd lins startd with th widsprad adoption of JIT and lan manufacturing concpts and philosophy in th arly 990s. Prvious rsarch mainly considrs two typs of lin balancing problms: (i) minimization of th rquird numbr of stations for a fixd cycl tim or, (ii) minimization of th maximum cycl tim for a fixd numbr of stations.
3 iltnbrg and Wingaard [3] introducd th U-lin assmbly lin balancing problm (ULB) whr assignmnts can b don on both sids of th lin. In this work, a dynamic programming modl was dvlopd for small siz (up to tasks) problms to minimiz th rquird numbr of stations for a givn cycl tim. For mdium siz problms, a maximum rankd positional wight huristic procdur was proposd. This work, howvr, did not considr walking tims or crossovr issus on walk-paths. Svral fforts hav sinc addrssd th ULB with diffrnt approachs and various dgrs of succss. Urban [4] usd an intgr programming modl with a branch and bound prliminary sarch to solv problms with mor than 2 tasks. Anblit and Wainwright [5] usd a gntic algorithm approach with six diffrnt task assignmnt mthods on largr problms (up to tasks). Scholl and Klin [6] dvlopd a branch and bound procdur for simpl assmbly lin balancing. In this work, modls with up to 297 tasks wr solvd with optimal or bst solutions. Erl t al. [7] proposd solving th ULB problm with a simulatd annaling algorithm. artinz and Duff [8] proposd a gntic algorithm approach to improv rsults obtaind from 0 diffrnt huristics. Gokcn and Agpak [9] proposd a goal programming approach for simpl U-lin balancing problms. In this work, up to 30 tasks with conflicting goals, including minimization of th numbr of work-stations, cycl tim and th numbr of tasks, wr considrd. Thr is archival litratur on production lins that hav considrd walking tims, waiting tims and walk-paths. Nakad and Ohno [0] dvlopd a procdur to calculat cycl tims undr optimal workr allocation scnario whil considring walking and waiting tims. Nakad and Ohno [] proposd a modl for dtrministic walking and procss tim scnarios. In this papr, th minimum numbr of workrs undr a givn cycl tim is first dtrmind. Thn, an optimal workr allocation with a minimum numbr of oprators is obtaind. Stockton t al. [2] modlld flxibl walk cycls that includd walking tims using gntic algorithms. Th obctivs wr to minimiz th numbr of oprators and to rduc th smallst oprator cycl tim. Shwchuk [2] addrssd th workr allocation problm for U-shapd lins with obctivs of minimizing th numbr of workrs whil maximizing full work. Th proposd modl incorporats circular walking paths whr crossovrs ar not prmittd. Th maority of th xisting rsarch on lin balancing has bn dvlopd for stabl production nvironmnts whr th rbalancing frquncy is vry low. Dynamic nvironmnts, du to dmand volatility and workforc instability, rquir ngaging on mor frqunt lin balancing of U-lins, thus th chosn approach should b asy and conomical. This work addrsss this gap.
4 3. Production Systm Dscription Figur illustrats a simpl u-shapd production lin. ultipl stations ar closly locatd in a u-shap to form a production cll. Tasks ar allocatd to stations according to prcdnc rlationships. Typically, onc tasks ar allocatd to stations, thn assignmnts of workrs ar stablishd. ultipl stations can b assignd to th sam workr as long as crossovr and cycl tim constraints ar satisfid. Th trm walk-path is usd to dfin th ara of rsponsibility of ach workr. Figur rprsnts a U-shapd systm with 7 stations and 4 workrs (A, B, C and D). With rprsnting th numbr of stations and N rprsnting th numbr of workrs, th systm in Figur can b dscribd as (7, N4). In this Figur, workr A is rsponsibl for stations and 7, workr B is rsponsibl for stations 2 and 3, workr C is rsponsibl for stations 4 and 5, whil workr D only tnds to station 6. Figur : U-shapd production lin (7, N4) In a U-shap cll, parts flow squntially through th stations in th systm. Aftr procssing at station is compltd, workr A dlivrs th part to workr B for procssing at station 2. Aftr that is compltd, and sinc workr B is rsponsibl for station 3 as wll, h thn walks th assmbly down to station 3 to prform furthr procssing. Aftr dlivring th part to workr C at station 4, workr B thn rturns to station 2. A crossovr occurs whn a workr, by dsign, systmatically intruds into th work zon (as dfind by th walk-path) of anothr workr. This would occur if, for xampl, in Figur, workr A wr in charg of stations and 3, whil workr B was in
5 charg of stations 2 and 6. Crossovrs ar undsirabl for svral rasons, including safty and productivity considrations. 4. athmatical modl As mntiond bfor, th obctiv of this modl is to dtrmin th cll configuration that, for a variabl numbr of workrs, allows for maximum linarity of workr throughput. This is accomplishd with a two-stag IP modl. Th first stag sks to allocat th tasks with th obctiv of balancing th workload across th stations. In th scond stag, workrs ar assignd to stations with th goal of balancing walk-path tims (i.. task tim + walking tim). Th scond stag is run for diffrnt lvls of workforc, from 2 workrs to - (a practical maximum) and itratd until th proposd linarity mtric is accptabl. During this itrativ procss, th obctiv valu is rlaxd (stag ) and th oprators ar rassignd (stag 2), until th targt linarity is achivd. Although not part of th IP modl, a third stag is usd to calculat th linarity of th rsults. Figur 2 shows th logic of th modl. Figur 2: Flowchart of th two-stag modl
6 In this modl, th following assumptions ar mad: ) Task procssing tims and workr walking tim btwn stations ar considrd dtrministic. 2) Workrs ar cross-traind on all tasks. 3) Th production protocol is that of on-pic flow for a singl modl. 4) Oprators ar not allowd to chas ach othr or to shar stations. 5) achin brakdowns ar not considrd. 6) Thr is no machin waiting tim. 7) Thr is an infinit supply of parts in front of th first station. Also, it is assumd that th stations ar locatd in a grid arrangmnt and that it taks t units of tim to travl to adacnt stations (in th sam row) or dirctly across. This assums qual and constant travl spd with no significant acclration/dclration. It was also assumd that it would tak twic that amount of tim (2t) to rach a station locatd diagonally across. This assumd a worst cas scnario (sinc 2 t > 2 t ). Ths travl assumptions ar mappd to othr stations locatd farthr away. Figur 3 dpicts th travl tims for a u-cll configurations with vn numbr of stations. Figur 3: Travl tims to stations (vn numbr of stations, 0) 4. Stag- mathmatical modl Th modl in this stag sks to distribut th tasks to stations without initially considring workr assignmnts. Th rquird inputs for this stag ar: (i) numbr of
7 stations, (ii) numbr of tasks, (iii) prcdnc rlationships, and (iv) task procssing tims. Stag- nomnclatur T Total numbr of tasks Total numbr of stations i Indx for tasks ( i, 2,, T) Indx for stations (, 2, 3, ) D i Standard tim to procss th task i (dtrministic) P (i, h) A st of prcdnc of tasks, P{(i, h) / task i must b compltd bfor task h} Stim Sum of all th task procssing tims assignd to station axf aximum of th tim diffrnc btwn station tims. (Stim ) Stag- dcision variabls To stablish th allocation of th tasks to th stations, dfin Stag- obctiv function: X i, if task i is assignd to station 0, othrwis Th obctiv function in this stag sks to balanc th workload among stations by minimizing th maximum diffrnc btwn station tims (Stim ) pairs. inimiz Z axf Stag- constraints: [C] Each task can b assignd to only on station.
8 Xi i... T [C2] All stations must hav an assignmnt. Dummy stations ar not allowd. T i Xi... [C3] This constraint nsurs that prcdnc rlations ar maintaind. P {(h,i) / task h must b compltd bfor task i}. If task h is assignd to station, task i can only b assignd to station k, k { k / k, +, + 2,... }. Xh Xik k ( h, i)... P [C4] Th following constraints ar usd to compar th tims (Stim ) btwn stations. Th variabl axf gts assignd to th largst valu of th gaps. Th two lft trms in th constraints ach giv th total procssing tim at station and g. axf is consquntly minimizd through th obctiv function. T T Di * Xi i i Di * Xig axf...( g ( +)... ) ( a) T T Di * Xig i i Di * Xi axf...( ) g ( +)... ( b) Stag- output: Stim T Di * Xi... i
9 4.2 Stag-2 athmatical odl This stag is usd to crat walk-paths by allocating workrs to th stations and with th aim of balancing walk-path tims. A walk-path tim is th sum of th task procssing plus walking tims assignd to th sam workr. Th modl for this phas considrs two maor constraints whn dvloping th walk-paths: (i) path crossovr and, (ii) balancd workloads. Workrs cannot b assignd to th stations that rquir crossing th walk-path of anothr workr. In ordr to gnrat a masur of throughput linarity, Stag-2 is rpatd for diffrnt numbrs of workrs :, N, N { /,2,3,... }. Stag-2 nomnclatur N Total numbr of workrs Total numbr of stations Indx for workrs (i, 2,, N) Indx for stations (, 2, 3.., ) Stim Total procssing tim at station L i Walking tim btwn station i and. LS max An input usd to prvnt crossovrs. LS max / 2 / 2,, if if is vn numbr is odd numbr HS max An input usd to prvnt crossovrs. HS max ( / 2 ) / 2 +, +, if if is vn is odd numbr numbr Stag-2 dcision variabls: ) This variabl is usd to rprsnt station assignmnts to workrs. Y, if station is assignd to workr 0, othrwis
10 2) This variabl is usd to dtrmin th walk-path for ach workr. Wh, if station and station h ar assignd to sam workr 0, othrwis 3) Variabl I h is rfrrd as immdiat station. It is usd to dtrmin th squnc of stations through which workr movs in his walk-path. I h, if station and h ar assignd to sam workr, and if workr movsto station h immdiatly aftr station 0, othrwis 4) Variabl FS dnots th first station visitd in th walk-path. FS, if station is th first station in th walkpath of workr 0, othrwis 5) Variabl LS h dnots th last station visitd in th walk-path. LS h, if station h is th last station in th walkpath of workr 0, othrwis 6) Variabl B h is cratd to dtrmin th nd of th cycl. If B h, thn is th last station and h is th first station in th squnc. B h, if station and h ar assignd to sam workr, and if workr gos back from th last station() to th first station (h) 0, othrwis 7) Wtim Sum of all th task procssing tims and walking tims btwn stations assignd to workr, also rfrrd as walk-path tim of workr. 8) maxt aximum of walk-path tims Stag-2 obctiv function: Th obctiv function of th scond stag sks to balanc walk-path tims by minimizing th maximum walk-path tim.
11 inimiz Z 2 maxt Stag-2 constraints: [C6] Each station can only b assignd to on workr. N Y... [C7] On workr can b assignd to many stations if th numbr of workrs is lss than th numbr of stations. Th following constraints dtrmin th stations in th walk-path of ach workr. + W g Y g + Y g...( ( + ) N ) (a) W g Y g g...( ( + ) N ) (b) W g Y g...( ( + ) N ) (c) [C8] Th following constraints prvnt crossovrs. Nithr diagonal nor horizontal crossovrs ar allowd in this modl. Constraint (C8-a) prvnts diagonal crossovrs (across th main aisl in th cll) whil constraints C8 (b, c) prvnt horizontal crossovrs (along th row of stations on th sam sid of th cll). 3Y Y g Y hf + Y rf h... ( + )...( g )... N g r f ( + )... ( g + ) N, f (a)
12 ( g )*( Y + Y g ) ( g) k ( + ) Y k g...( LS... N max ( + 2 )... LS 2) max ( b) ( g ) *( Y + Y g ) ( g ) Yk k ( + ) g HS... N max...( ( + 2 )... 2) (c) [C9] Th following constraints ar usd to dtrmin th squnc of stations in ach walk-path. Constraints C9 (a, b, c) dtrmin th nxt immdiat station in th squnc for workr (if multipl stations ar assignd to him). Constraints C9 (d,, f) ar usd to dcid th last station in th squnc to complt on cycl. Constraints C9 (g, h, i) ar cratd to dtrmin th first station in th squnc. Rturn tim from last station to first station is calculatd through constraints C9 (, k, l). I g W g ( g ) h ( + ) W h g...( ) ( + ) N (a) W g I g... g ( + ) N (b) ( g ) h ( + ) W h *( I g )...( ) g ( + ) N (c)
13 ... (d)... ) * ( ) * ( N Y LS g g g ()... N LS (f)......n Y LS )* ( ) * ( N Y FS g g g (g)... N FS (h) N Y FS (i)... )...( 2... N g LS FS B g g + + () )...( g N FS B g g (k)
14 B g LS... N 2... g...( ) (l) [C0] This constraint is dvlopd to balanc walk-path tims by driving workr tim to a minimum. Th trms at th lft sid of th constraint rprsnt th task procssing tims, th walking tims from station to station, and th rturn tim aftr compltion of on cycl. Th sum of all thr givs th ovrall walk-path tim for ach workr. Stim ( ) Y + Lg * Ig + Lg * Bg maxt 2 g ( + ) g *... N Stag-2 output: Wtim ( ) () Stim * Y + Lg * Ig + Lg * Bg... g ( + ) 2 g N 5. Computational xprimnts Th data usd to tst this modl was obtaind from two distinct sourcs. Th first-tir automotiv supplir, which motivatd this work, providd on st of data. Th othr sts wr obtaind from archival litratur availabl in th Hompag for Assmbly Lin Optimization Rsarch [3], which hosts a collction of data sts usd in simpl-lin and U-lin balancing problms. In this papr, a total of 8 diffrnt data sts wr usd. Each data st consistd of a collction of task procssing tims and prcdnc diagrams. Tabl prsnts a classification of th data sts. All ight data sts wr tstd with small and mdium siz configurations ( 6), whil four data sts wr usd to tst larg configurations (>6). For practical rasons, th xtrm points in th numbr of workrs (i.. N and N) wr xcludd from th analysis. Total of 08 diffrnt configurations wr tstd for all lvls of workforc btwn [2, -], for a total of 008 xprimnts. All xprimnts wr conductd on a 3.20GHz procssor with GB of RA. Th proposd modl was solvd with OPL Studio using a CPLEX program. A branch and cut modl was usd in sarching for an optimal solution.
15 Tabl : Summary of data sts (numbr of tasks in parnthsis) Small / dium Siz Larg Siz (5-6 stations) (7-9 stations) itchll (2) Sawyr (30) Roszig (25) Warnck (58) Sawyr (30) Tong (70) Kilbrid (45) Automotiv Supplir (79) Warnck (58) Tong (70) W-ag (75) Automotiv Supplir (79) 5.. Linarity masurmnt With th output from th modl, a scattr plot btwn throughput and th numbr of workrs is dvlopd. A linar rgrssion with a bst fit lin that intrcpts at th origin is obtaind and its corrsponding cofficint of dtrmination R 2 thn calculatd. In this work, R 2 is usd to masur th linarity of throughput pr workr. 6. Rsults and discussion Tabl 2 prsnts th computational rsults. A cursory xamination of th summary data suggsts that th proposd procdur prforms wll within th boundaris of th xprimnt.
16 Tabl 2: Computational rsults (R 2 ) Numbr of Numbr of Numbr of Numbr of Problm Computational rsults (R 2 ) stations () data sts tasks (T) workrs (N) siz Avrag Rang S/ S/ S/ S/ S/ S/ S/ S/ S/ S/ S/ S/ L L L All th scnarios in th small/mdium siz rang wr solvd with high avrag linarity (R 2 є [ ]) whil th larg siz scnarios prsntd a satisfactory cofficint of dtrmination (R 2 є [ ]). Howvr, it can b obsrvd that ovrall prformanc of th algorithm dgrads with th siz of th problm (i.. T and ). Basd on ths rsults, it appars th algorithm works vry wll for all small and mdium siz problms and for som configurations of larg problms. Tabl 3 shows th workload assignmnts obtaind from th modl and with th providd data sts. Th prcntags shown in th tabl dpict of th amount of work to b allocatd to ach station such that, aftr accounting for walking tims, th linarity (R 2 ) falls in th rangs shown in Tabl 2. This allocation can b usd as a gnral guidlin for a prmannt work distribution among stations whn th linarity of th throughput pr workr is paramount.
17 Tabl 3: Bst solutions for work allocation (prcntags by station) Numbr of Stations Finally, onc all tasks ar allocatd, th various workr assignmnts can b dpictd for all scnarios of workforc lvls btwn 2 and Conclusions A 2-stag IP modl is dvlopd for U-shapd production lins for nvironmnts with unstabl workforc. Th modl sks to optimiz th linarity of throughput pr workr whil maintaining th lin balancing within accptabl limits. Th algorithm is abl to solv problms up to 79 tasks and 9 stations. Th mthod tabulats th bst work allocation by station that is conduciv to both high throughput-workr linarity and lin balancing. Tabls of lin dsign for varying numbr of stations and workforc lvls can b drivd. Ths look-up tabls can b vry usful on th shop floor, whr a quick rdsign rspons may b ndd to adapt to daily changs in workforc lvls.
18 Rfrncs [] Y. ondn. Toyota Production Systm. 2 nd Ed. Industrial Enginring and anagmnt Prss, Institut of Industrial Enginrs. Norcross, GA [2] J.P. Shwchuk. Workr allocation in lan U-shapd production lins. Intrnational. Journal of Production Rsarch (2008). 46(3), [3] J. iltnbrg, J. Wingaard. Th U-lin balancing problm. anagmnt Scinc (994). 40(0), [4] T. Urban. Optimal balancing of U-shapd assmbly lins, anagmnt Scinc (998). 44(5), [5] D.A. Anblit, R.L. Wainwright. Applying gntic algorithms to th U-shap assmbly lin balancing problm. Procdings of th 998 IEEE Confrnc on Evolutionary Computation, ICEC. (998). Anchorag, Alaska, ay [6] Scholl, R. Klin. ULINO: Optimally balancing U-shapd JIT assmbly lins, Intrnational Journal of Production Rsarch (999). 37(4), [7] E. Erl, I. Sabuncuoglu, B.A. Aksu. Balancing of U-typ assmbly systms using simulatd annaling. Intrnational Journal of Production Rsarch (200). 39(3), [8] U. artinz, W. Duff. Huristic approachs to solv th U-shapd lin balancing problm augmntd by gntic algorithms. IEEE Systms and Information Enginring Dsign Symposium (2004).Charlottsvill, Virginia, April [9] H. Gokcn, K. Agpak. A goal programming approach to simpl U-lin balancing problm. Europan Journal of Oprational Rsarch (2006), 7(2), [0] K. Nakad, K. Ohno. Stochastic analysis of a U-shapd production lin with multipl workrs. Computrs & Industrial Enginring (997), 33 (3-4), [] Nakad, K. and Ohno, K. An optimal workr allocation problm for a U-shapd production lin. Intrnational Journal of Production Economics (999), 60-6,
19 [2] D.J. Stockton, J. Ardon-Finch, R. Khalil. Walk cycl dsign for flxibl manpowr lins using gntic algorithms. Intrnational Journal of Computr Intgratd anufacturing (2005), 8(), [3] S. Armin. Hompag for assmbly lin optimization rsarch [onlin]. URL: [accssd arch 2007].
Lab 12. Speed Control of a D.C. motor. Controller Design
Lab. Spd Control of a D.C. motor Controllr Dsign Motor Spd Control Projct. Gnrat PWM wavform. Amplify th wavform to driv th motor 3. Masur motor spd 4. Masur motor paramtrs 5. Control spd with a PD controllr
More informationDETERMINATION OF ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT ZERO ERROR USING KALMAN FILTER
Europan Scintific Journal Sptmbr 24 dition vol., No.27 ISSN: 87 788 (rint) - ISSN 87-743 DETERMINATION OF ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT ZERO ERROR USING KALMAN FILTER Onuwa Owuashi, hd Dpartmnt of Goinformatics
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1828
Rc. ITU-R M.188 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.188 Tchnical and oprational rquirmnts for aircraft stations of aronautical mobil srvic limitd to transmissions of tlmtry for flight tsting in th bands around 5
More informationTheory and Proposed Method for Determining Large Signal Return Loss or Hot S22 for Power Amplifiers Using Phase Information
Thory and Proposd Mthod for Dtrmining arg Signal Rturn oss or Hot S for Powr Amplifirs Using Phas Information Patrick Narain and Chandra Mohan (Skyworks Solutions, Inc.) Introduction: Powr amplifirs (s)
More information3G Evolution. OFDM Transmission. Outline. Chapter: Subcarriers in Time Domain. Outline
Chaptr: 3G Evolution 4 OFDM Transmission Dpartmnt of Elctrical and Information Tchnology Johan Löfgrn 2009-03-19 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobil Broadband 1 2009-03-19 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE
More informationLow Cross-Polarization Slab Waveguide Filter for Narrow-Wall Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna with High Gain Horn
Intrnational Confrnc on Mchatronics Enginring and Information Tchnology (ICMEIT 2016) Low Cross-Polarization Slab Wavguid Filtr for Narrow-Wall Slottd Wavguid Array Antnna with High Gain Horn Guoan Xionga,
More informationFrequency Estimation of Unbalanced Three-Phase Power Systems Using the Modified Adaptive Filtering
Amrican Journal of Signal Procssing 05, 5(A): 6-5 DOI: 0.593/s.ajsp.0.03 Frquncy Estimation of Unbalancd Thr-Phas Powr Systms Using th Modifid Adaptiv Filtring Amir Rastgarnia,*, Azam Khalili, Vahid Vahidpour,
More informationIntroduction to Digital Signal Processing
Chaptr Introduction to. Introduction.. Signal and Signal Procssing A signal is dfind as any physical quantity which varis with on or mor indpndnt variabls lik tim, spac. Mathmatically it can b rprsntd
More informationCH 7. Synchronization Techniques for OFDM Systems
CH 7. Synchronization Tchnius for OFDM Systms 1 Contnts [1] Introduction Snsitivity to Phas Nois Snsitivity to Fruncy Offst Snsitivity to Timing Error Synchronization Using th Cyclic Extnsion l Tim synchronization
More information90 and 180 Phase Shifter Using an Arbitrary Phase-Difference Coupled-line Structure
This articl has bn accptd and publishd on J-STAGE in advanc of copyditing. Contnt is final as prsntd. IEICE Elctronics Exprss, Vol.* No.*,*-* 90 and 80 Phas Shiftr Using an Arbitrary Phas-Diffrnc Coupld-lin
More informationOn parameters determination of multi-port equivalent scheme for multi-winding traction transformers
ARCHIVES OF EECRICA ENGINEERING VO. 6(), pp. 7-7 (5) DOI.55/a-5- On paramtrs dtrmination of multi-port quivalnt schm for multi-winding traction transformrs ADEUSZ J. SOBCZYK, JOSEPH E HAYEK Cracow Univrsity
More informationLogic Design 2013/9/26. Outline. Implementation Technology. Transistor as a Switch. Transistor as a Switch. Transistor as a Switch
3/9/6 Logic Dsign Implmntation Tchnology Outlin Implmntation o logic gats using transistors Programmabl logic dvics Compl Programmabl Logic Dvics (CPLD) Fild Programmabl Gat Arrays () Dynamic opration
More informationCATTLE FINISHING RETURN
CATTLE FINISHING RETURN S E R I E S Novmbr 2011 CATTLE FINISHING NET RETURNS This articl discusss rcnt trnds in fding cost of gain and cattl finishing profitability. Svral sourcs of data wr usd to comput
More informationThe Trouton Rankine Experiment and the End of the FitzGerald Contraction
Th Trouton Rankin Exprimnt and th End of th FitzGrald Contraction Dr. Adrian Sfarti 1. Abstract Assuming that FitzGrald was right in his contraction hypothsis, Trouton sought for mor positiv vidnc of its
More informationLecture 19: Common Emitter Amplifier with Emitter Degeneration.
Whits, EE 320 Lctur 19 Pag 1 of 10 Lctur 19: Common Emittr Amplifir with Emittr Dgnration. W ll continu our discussion of th basic typs of BJT smallnal amplifirs by studying a variant of th CE amplifir
More informationIEEE Broadband Wireless Access Working Group <
IEEE C802.16j-07/409 Projct Titl IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wirlss Accss Working Group A Proposal for Transmission of FCH, MAP, R-FCH, R-MAP in Non-transparnt Rlay Systm with Cntralizd
More information4.5 COLLEGE ALGEBRA 11/5/2015. Property of Logarithms. Solution. If x > 0, y > 0, a > 0, and a 1, then. x = y if and only if log a x = log a y.
/5/05 0 TH EDITION COLLEGE ALGEBRA 4.5 Eponntial and Logarithmic Equations Eponntial Equations Logarithmic Equations Applications and Modling LIAL HORNSBY SCHNEIDER 4.5-4.5 - Proprty of Logarithms If >
More informationPackage: H: TO-252 P: TO-220 S: TO-263. Output Voltage : Blank = Adj 12 = 1.2V 15 = 1.5V 18 = 1.8V 25 = 2.5V 33 = 3.3V 50 = 5.0V 3.3V/3A.
Faturs Advancd Powr 3-Trminal ustabl or Fixd.V,.5V,.8V,.5V, 3.3V or 5.V Output Maximum Dropout.4V at Full Load Currnt Fast Transint Rspons Built-in Thrmal Shutdown Output Currnt Limiting Good Nois Rjction
More informationA SIMULATION MODEL FOR LIGHT RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
A SIMULATION MODEL FOR LIGHT RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Filiz Dumbk (a), Dilay Clbi (b) (a)(b) Dpartmnt of Managmnt Enginring, Istanbul Tchnical Univrsity, Macka 7, Istanbul, Turky (a) dumbk@itu.du.tr,
More informationA simple automatic classifier of PSK and FSK signals using characteristic cyclic spectrum
Mathmatical Mthods and chniqus in Enginring and Environmntal Scinc A simpl automatic classifir of PSK and FSK signals using charactristic cyclic spctrum ANONIN MAZALEK, ZUZANA VANOVA, VOJECH ONDYHAL, VACLAV
More informationNarrow-wall slotted waveguide array antenna with low cross-polarization filter
6th Intrnational Confrnc on Machinr, Matrials, Environmnt, Biotchnolog and Computr (MMEBC 06) Narrow-wall slottd wavguid arra antnna with low cross-polarization filtr Guoan Xiong, a, Jin Pan, b and Bouan
More informationIntroduction to Medical Imaging. Signal Processing Basics. Strange Effects. Ever tried to reduce the size of an image and you got this?
Strang Effcts Introduction to Mdical Imaging Evr trid to rduc th siz of an imag and you got this? Signal Procssing Basics Klaus Mullr Computr Scinc Dpartmnt Stony Brook Univrsity W call this ffct aliasing
More informationEngineering 1620: High Frequency Effects in BJT Circuits an Introduction Especially for the Friday before Spring Break
Enginring 162: High Frquncy Efcts in BJT ircuits an Introduction Espcially for th Friday bfor Spring Brak I hav prpard ths nots bcaus on th day bfor a major vacation brak som popl find it ncssary to lav
More informationReal Time Speed Control of a DC Motor Based on its Integer and Non-Integer Models Using PWM Signal
Enginring, Tchnology & Applid Scinc Rsarch Vol. 7, No. 5, 217, 1976-1981 1976 Ral Tim Spd Control of a DC Motor Basd on its Intgr and Non-Intgr Modls Using PWM Signal Abdul Wahid Nasir Elctrical & Elctronics
More informationDynamic Walking of Biped Robots with Obstacles Using Predictive Controller
ICCKE011, Intrnational Confrnc on Computr and Knowldg Enginring Oct 13-14, 011, Frdowsi Univrsity of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Dynamic Walking of Bipd Robots with Obstacls Using Prdictiv Controllr Nasrin
More informationANALYSIS ON THE COVERAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLONASS CONSTELLATION
ANALYSIS ON THE COVERAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLONASS CONSTELLATION Itm Typ txt; rocdings Authors Hui, Liu; Qishan, Zhang ublishr Intrnational Foundation for Tlmtring Journal Intrnational Tlmtring Confrnc
More informationPerformance Analysis of BLDC Motor for Sinusoidal and Trapezoidal Back-Emf using MATLAB/SIMULINK Environment
Prformanc Analysis of BLDC Motor for Sinusoidal and Trapzoidal Back-Emf using MATLAB/SIMULINK Environmnt Pramod Pal Dpartmnt of Elctrical Enginring Maulana AzadNational Institut of Tchnology Bhopal, India
More informationComparison of Conventional Subspace-Based DOA Estimation Algorithms With Those Employing Property-Restoral Techniques: Simulation and Measurements
'EEE CUPC' 96, Cambridg, MA, Sptmbr 29 - Octobr 2, 1996 Comparison of Convntional Subspac-Basd DOA Estimation Algorithms With Thos Employing Proprty-Rstoral Tchniqus: Simulation and Masurmnts Rias Muhamd
More informationEECE 301 Signals & Systems Prof. Mark Fowler
EECE 301 Signals & Systms Prof. Mark Fowlr ot St #25 D-T Signals: Rlation btwn DFT, DTFT, & CTFT Rading Assignmnt: Sctions 4.2.4 & 4.3 of Kamn and Hck 1/22 Cours Flow Diagram Th arrows hr show concptual
More informationA Pilot Aided Averaging Channel Estimator for DVB-T2
> mm 13-48 IEEE BMSB 2013 < 1 A Pilot Aidd Avraging Channl Estimator for DVB-T2 Spiridon Zttas, Pavlos I. Lazaridis, Zaharias D. Zaharis, Stylianos Kasampalis, and John Cosmas, Snior Mmbr, IEEE Abstract
More informationTest Results of a Digital Beamforming GPS Receiver in a Jamming Environment Alison Brown and Neil Gerein, NAVSYS Corporation
Tst Rsults of a Digital Bamforming GPS Rcivr in a Jamming Environmnt Alison Brown and Nil Grin, NAVSYS Corporation BIOGRAPHY Alison Brown is th Prsidnt and CEO of NAVSYS Corporation. Sh has a PhD in Mchanics,
More informationCommon Collector & Common Base Amplifier Circuits
xprimnt (6): ommon ollctor & as Amplification ircuit xprimnt No. (6) ommon ollctor & ommon as Amplifir ircuits Study Objctiv: (1) To comput and masur th basic charactristics of & amplification. (2) To
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. International Conference On DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING, IConDM 2013
Availabl onlin at www.scincdirct.com ScincDirct Procdia Enginring 64 ( 03 ) 46 55 Intrnational Confrnc On DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING, IConDM 03 Rsourc utilization of multi-hop CDMA wirlss snsor ntworks with
More informationMigração de Empresas. Offices Market Study
Migração d Emprsas Offics Markt Study LisboN 2017 Migração d Emprsas Lisbon 2017 Aguirr Nwman has conductd th 7th study about companis mobility on th Lisbon offic markt, this tim for th yars and in ordr
More informationUS6H23 / IMH23 V CEO 20V V EBO 12V. 600mA R k. Datasheet. Outline Parameter Tr1 and Tr2 TUMT6 SMT6
NPN 600m 20V Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) For Muting. Datasht Outlin Paramtr Tr1 and Tr2 TUMT6 SMT6 V CO 20V V BO 12V I C 600m R US6H23 1 4.7k IMH23 SOT-457 (SC-74) Faturs 1)
More informationPacing Guide for Kindergarten Version GLE Checks for Understanding Vocabulary Envision Textbook Materials
Pacing Guid for indrgartn Vrsion 0 GL Chcs for Undrstanding Vocabulary nvision Txtboo Matrials GL 0006.3. Rcogniz 0006.3.4 Sort, ordr and classify attributs (such as color, shap, siz) and pattrns (such
More informationFAN A, 1.2V Low Dropout Linear Regulator for VRM8.5. Features. Description. Applications. Typical Application.
www.fairchildsmi.com 2.7A, 1.2V Low Dropout Linar Rgulator for VRM8.5 Faturs Fast transint rspons Low dropout voltag at up to 2.7A Load rgulation: 0.05% typical Trimmd currnt limit On-chip thrmal limiting
More informationInvestigation of Power Factor Behavior in AC Railway System Based on Special Traction Transformers
J. Elctromagntic Analysis & Applications, 00,, ** doi:0.436/jmaa.00.08 Publishd Onlin Novmbr 00 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmaa) Invstigation of Powr Factor Bhavior in AC Railway Systm Basd on Spcial
More informationEMD3 / UMD3N / IMD3A V CC I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2. 50V 100mA. 10k. 10k. 50V 100mA. 10k. 10k. Datasheet
NPN + PNP Complx Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Outlin Paramtr Valu MT6 UMT6 V CC I C(MX.) Paramtr V CC I C(MX.) 50V 100m 10k 10k Valu 50V
More informationRClamp2451ZA. Ultra Small RailClamp 1-Line, 24V ESD Protection
- RailClamp Dscription RailClamp TVS diods ar ultra low capacitanc dvics dsignd to protct snsitiv lctronics from damag or latch-up du to ESD, EFT, and EOS. Thy ar dsignd for us on high spd ports in applications
More informationUMH8N / IMH8A V CEO I C R 1. 50V 100mA 10k. Datasheet. Outline. Inner circuit
NPN 100m 50V Complx Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Outlin Paramtr V CO I C Tr1 and Tr2 50V 100m 10k UMT6 UMH8N SOT-363 (SC-88) SMT6 IMH8 SOT-457 (SC-74) Faturs 1) Built-In
More information1.1 Transmission line basic concepts: Introduction to narrow-band matching networks
. Transmission lin basic concpts: ntroduction to narrow-band matching ntworks March Francsc Torrs, luís Pradll, Jorg Miranda oltag and currnt in th transmission lin For any losslss transmission lin: whr
More informationEMA5 / UMA5N / FMA5A. V CC -50V -100mA 2.2kW 47kW I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2. Datasheet
M5 / UM5N / FM5 PNP -100m -50V Complx Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Faturs Paramtr V CC -50V -100m 2.2kW 47kW I C(MX.) R 1 R 2 1) Built-In Biasing Rsistors. 2) Two DT123J
More informationDTD114GK V CEO I C R. 50V 500mA 10kW. Datasheet. NPN 500mA 50V Digital Transistors (Bias Resistor Built-in Transistors) Outline Parameter Value SMT3
NPN 500mA 50V Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Outlin Paramtr Valu SMT3 V CEO I C R 50V 500mA 10kW Bas Emittr Collctor DTD114GK SOT-346 (SC-59) Faturs 1) Built-In Biasing
More informationFAST INVERSE TONE MAPPING WITH REINHARD S GLOBAL OPERATOR. Yuma Kinoshita, Sayaka Shiota and Hitoshi Kiya
FAST IVERSE TOE MAPPIG WITH REIHARD S GLOBAL OPERATOR Yuma Kinoshita, Sayaka Shiota and Hitoshi Kiya Tokyo Mtropolitan Univrsity Dpartmnt of Information and Communication Systms Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT This
More informationη = ; (3) QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF PRECIPITATION RADAR 7R.3 MEASUREMENTS AT VHF BAND Edwin F. Campos 1*, Frédéric Fabry 1, and Wayne Hocking 2
7R.3 QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF PRECIPITATION RADAR MEASUREMENTS AT VHF BAND Edwin F. Campos 1*, Frédéric Fabry 1, and Wayn Hocking 1 Dpartmnt of Atmosphric and Ocanic Scincs, McGill Univrsity, Montral,
More informationOnline Publication Date: 15 th Jun, 2012 Publisher: Asian Economic and Social Society. Computer Simulation to Generate Gaussian Pulses for UWB Systems
Onlin Publication Dat: 15 th Jun, 01 Publishr: Asian Economic and Social Socity Computr Simulation to Gnrat Gaussian Pulss for UWB Systms Ibrahim A. Murdas (Elctrical Dpartmnt, Univrsity of Babylon, Hilla,Iraq)
More informationImpact Analysis of Damping Resistors in Damped Type Double Tuned Filter on Network Harmonic Impedance
pact Analysis of Damping Rsistors in Dampd Typ Doubl Tund Filtr on Ntwork Harmonic pd R.Madhusudhana Rao Assistant Profssor, Elctrical and Elctronics Dpartmnt V R Siddhartha Enginring Collg, Vijayawada,
More informationEMD4 / UMD4N V CC I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2. 50V 100mA. 47kW. V CC -50V -100mA 10kW. Datasheet
NPN + PNP Complx Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Outlin Paramtr Valu EMT6 UMT6 V CC I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2 50V 100mA 47kW 47kW (1) (2) (3) (6) (5) (4) EMD4 (SC-107C)
More information3A High Current, Low Dropout Voltage Regulator Adjustable, Fast Response Time
SPX29302 3 High Currnt, ow Dropout Voltag Rgulator djustabl, Fast Rspons Tim FTURS djustabl Output Down To 1.25V 1% Output ccuracy Output Currnt of 3 ow Dropout Voltag of 370mV @ 3 xtrmly Fast Transint
More information1A Low Dropout Voltage Regulator Fixed Output, Fast Response
A Low Dropout Voltag Rgulator Fixd Output, Fast Rspons SPX3940 FEATURES % Output Accuracy SPX3940A Guarantd.5A Pak Currnt Low Quiscnt Currnt Low Dropout Voltag of 280mV at A Extrmly Tight Load and Lin
More informationDefeating a Scarcity Mindset
Dfating a Scarcity Mindst From an arly ag, you ar bombardd with mssags concrning what to think about mony. Many of thm ar wrong. For instanc, w r taught that to b rich, you hav to mak a lot of mony. But,
More informationDTA123E series V CC I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2. 50V 100mA 2.2k 2.2k. Datasheet. PNP -100mA -50V Digital Transistors (Bias Resistor Built-in Transistors)
DT123 sris PNP -100m -50V Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Paramtr V CC I C(MX.) R 1 R 2 Valu 50V 100m 2.2k 2.2k Faturs 1) Built-In Biasing Rsistors, R 1 = R 2 = 2.2k. Outlin
More information3A High Current, Low Dropout Voltage Regulator
SPX29300/01/02/03 3 High Currnt, Low Dropout Voltag Rgulator djustabl & Fixd Output, Fast Rspons Tim FETURES djustabl Output Down To 1.25V 1% Output ccuracy Output Currnt of 3 Low Dropout Voltag of 450mV
More informationPAPR REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN OFDM SYSTEMS USING DCT AND IDCT
PAPR REDUCTIO TECHIQUES I OFDM SYSTEMS USIG DCT AD IDCT 1 S. SUJATHA P. DAAJAYA 1 Rsarch Scholar, Dpartmnt ECE, Pondichrry Enginring Collg, Pondichrry, India Profssor, Dpartmnt of ECE, Pondichrry Enginring
More informationAOZ8904 Ultra-Low Capacitance TVS Diode Array
Ultra-Low Capacitanc TS Diod Array Gnral Dscription Th AOZ8904 is a transint voltag supprssor array dsignd to protct high spd data lins from lctro Static Discharg (SD) and lightning. This dvic incorporats
More informationAssembly Instructions for Model: VMDD26
Assmbly Instructions for Modl: VMDD26 Thank you for choosing a Sanus Systms Vision Mount wall mount. Th VMDD26 is dsignd to mount up to 63 Flat panl tlvisions wighing up to 175 lb. to a vrtical wall. It
More informationAssembly Instructions for Model: VMAA18
Assmbly Instructions for Modl: VMAA18 Thank you for choosing a Sanus Systms VisionMount wall mount. This modl will hold 30-50 inch Plasma and LCD TVs wighing up to 130 lbs to a vrtical wall. It is a full
More informationA Self-tuning Fuzzy PID Control Method of Grate Cooler Pressure Based on Kalman Filter
WWW..IR WWW..IR A Slf-tuning Fuzzy PID Control Mthod of Grat Coolr Prssur Basd on Kalman Filtr Zhuo Wang, Mingzh Yuan Shnyang Institut of Automation of Chins Acadmy of Scincs, Shnyang, China zwang@sia.cn
More informationIn this project you ll learn how to create a game in which you have to save the Earth from space monsters.
Clon Wars Introduction In this projct you ll larn how to crat a gam in which you hav to sav th Earth from spac monstrs. Stp 1: Making a Spacship Lt s mak a spacship that will dfnd th Earth! Activity Chcklist
More informationcos The points in an Argand diagram which represent the numbers (iii) Write down a polynomial equation of degree 5 which is satisfied by w.
FP3 Complx Numbrs. Jun qu.3 In this qustion, w dnots th complx numbr cos + i sin. 5 5 Exprss w, w 3 and w* in polar form, with argumnts in th intrval θ
More informationPrototype based languages
Prototyp basd languags Author Tomas Billborn & Mallla Srinivasa Rao Abstract Whn objct orintd languags ar brought up as subjct most of us think of languags that support data abstraction by providing data
More informationAdaptive Power System Stabilizer Using ANFIS and Genetic Algorithms
Procdings of th 44th IEEE Confrnc on Dcision and Control, and th Europan Control Confrnc 005 Svill, Spain, Dcmbr -5, 005 ThC0. Adaptiv Powr Systm Stabilizr Using ANFIS and Gntic Algorithms J. Frail-Ardanuy,
More informationDPCCH Gating Gain for Voice over IP on HSUPA
DPCCH Gating Gain for Voic ovr IP on HSUPA Oscar Frsan, Tao Chn, Esa Malkamäki, Tapani Ristanimi Institut of Communications Enginring, Tampr Univrsity of Tchnology P.O. Box 553, FIN-33101, Tampr, Finland
More informationFuzzy Anti-Windup Schemes for PID Controllers
Intrnational Journal of Applid Enginring Rsarch ISSN 9734562 Volum Numbr 3 (26) pp. 29536 Rsarch India Publications http://www.ripublication.com/ijar.htm Fuzzy AntiWindup Schms for PID Controllrs E. Chakir
More informationLinearization of Two-way Doherty Amplifier by Using Second and Fourth Order Nonlinear Signals
3 Linarization of Two-way Dohrty Amplifir by Using Scond and Fourth Ordr Nonlinar Signals Alksandar Atanasković and Nataša Malš-Ilić Abstract In this papr, a two-way Dohrty amplifir with th additional
More informationSPX mA Low Drop Out Voltage Regulator with Shutdown FEATURES Output 3.3V, 5.0V, at 400mA Output Very Low Quiescent Current Low Dropout Voltage
400mA Low Drop Out Voltag Rgulator with Shutdown FEATURES Output 3.3V, 5.0V, at 400mA Output Vry Low Quiscnt Currnt Low Dropout Voltag Extrmly Tight Load and Lin Rgulation Vry Low Tmpratur Cofficint Currnt
More informationRotor Speed Control of Micro Hydro Synchronous Generator Using Fuzzy PID Controller
Procdings of th 2nd Sminar on Enginring and Information Tchnology Rotor Spd Control of Micro Hydro Synchronous Gnrator Using Fuzzy PID Controllr C. S. Chin K. T. K. To P. Nlakantan Elctrical and Elctronics
More informationChalmers Publication Library
Chalmrs Publication Library Ovrviw of dvlopmnts of th lvn Fds This documnt has bn downloadd from Chalmrs Publication Library (CPL). It is th author s vrsion of a work that was accptd for publication in:
More informationIntro to Screen Printing
Intro to Scrn Printing Charli Taublib Taublib Consulting Grnwood Villag, Colorado Tl 303-290-8009 Cll 303-618-8955 www.taublibconsulting.com DrPrint@aol.com Introduction Th purpos of this prsntation is
More informationLNA IN GND GND GND GND IF OUT+ IF OUT- 7. Product Description. Ordering Information. GaAs HBT GaAs MESFET InGaP HBT
LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER/ RoHS Compliant & Pb-Fr Product Packag Styl: SOIC- Faturs Singl V to.v Powr Supply MHz to MHz Opration db Small Signal Gain.dB Cascadd Nois Figur.mA DC Currnt Consumption -dbm Input
More informationCoexistence between WiMAX and Existing FWA Systems in the Band 3500 MHz
Procdings of th Intrnational MultiConfrnc of Enginrs and Computr Scintists 28 Vol II IMECS 28, 19-21 March, 28, Hong Kong Coxistnc btwn WiMAX and Existing FWA Systms in th Band 35 MHz Zaid A. Shamsan,
More informationRobust Sensorless Control of BLDC Motor using Second Derivative Function of the Sum of Terminal Voltages
SERBIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Vol. 1, No., Jun 13, 75-91 UDK: 61.314.1:681.515 DOI: 1.98/SJEE131144B Robust Snsorlss Control of BLDC Motor using Scond Drivativ Function of th Sum of Trminal
More information2SA1579 / 2SA1514K. V CEO -120V -50mA I C. Datasheet. PNP -50mA -120V High-Voltage Amplifier Transistors. Outline
PNP -50mA 20V High-Voltag Amplifir Transistors Datasht Paramtr Valu V CEO 20V -50mA I C Outlin UMT3 SMT3 Collctor Bas Bas Emittr Emittr Collctor Faturs 1) High Brakdown Voltag (BV CEO = 20V) 2) Complmntary
More informationFMEA: The concept (1) Maintenance Management Concepts and Practices. FMEA: The concept (2) Lecture Objectives. FMEA: The concept (3) Agenda
Maintnanc Managmnt Concpts and Practics FMA: Th concpt (1) Systm undr considration Failur Mods ffcts and Criticality Analysis Dr. C. Kara-Zaitri Systm Sub-systm 1 Sub-systm 2 Sub-systm 3 5 Lctur Objctivs!
More informationA DSP-based Discrete Space Vector Modulation Direct Torque Control of Sensorless Induction Machines
25 A DSP-basd Discrt Spac ctor Modulation Dirct orqu Control of Snsorlss Induction Machins F. Khoucha, K. Marouani, A. Khloui, K. Aliouan UER Elctrotchniqu, EMP(Ex-ENIA) BP 7 Bordj-El-Bahri, Algirs, Algria
More informationUsing SigLab for Production Line Audio Test
APPLICATION NOTE Using SigLab for Production Lin Audio Tst SigLab is idal for charactrizing audio componnts. Both its input and output subsystms hav low nois, low distortion and low cross talk. SigLab's
More informationRETURN TO MAIN MENU ver-increasing computer calculation speed used for games such as Tomb Raider
E vr-incrasing computr calculation spd usd for gams such as Tomb Raidr mans that Lara Croft outprforms any charactr from th past. Th first succssful high-spd lctronic digital computr, ENIAC (lctronic numrical
More informationSwitches- and Indicators. Switches Unlimited Contact: Phone: * Fax:
Switchs- and Indicators Switchs Unlimitd Contact: sals@switchsunlimitd.com Phon: 800-221-0487 * Fax: 718-672-6370 www.switchsunlimitd.com Contnts Dscription... 3 Product Assmbly... 4 PCB Pushbuttons...
More informationEnhancing the Performance of Ultra-Tight Integration of GPS/PL/INS: A Federated Filter Approach
Journal of Global Positioning Systms (2006) Vol. 5, No. 1-2:96-104 Enhancing th Prformanc of Ultra-ight Intgration of GPS/PL/INS: A Fdratd Filtr Approach D. Li, J. Wang, S. Babu School of Survying and
More informationMore Fun with D/A Converters
D/A with a PIC Miroontrollr (rap) Mor Fun with D/A Convrtrs A subroutin to driv this hip follows: void D2A(unsignd int ) { unsignd har i; TRISC0 = 0; TRISC3 = 0; TRISC5 = 0; // Add 0011 to th first four
More informationESX10-10x-DC24V-16A-E electronic circuit protector
Dscription Th plug-in typ ESX10 lctronic circuit protctor slctivly disconncts DC 2 V load circuits by rsponding fastr than th switch mod powr supply to ovrload conditions. Th manual ON/ OFF switch on th
More informationControlling formations of multiple mobile robots with inter-robot collision avoidance
Controlling formations of multipl mobil robots with intr-robot collision avoidanc H.M. Ha, A.. Nguyn and Q.P. Ha ARC Cntr of Excllnc for Autonomous Systms, Faculty of Enginring, Univrsity of Tchnology,
More informationEfficient loop-back testing of on-chip ADCs and DACs
Efficint loop-back tsting of on-chip ADCs and DACs Hak-soo Yu, Jacob A. Abraham, Sungba Hwang, Computr Enginring Rsarch Cntr Th Univrsity of Txas at Austin Austin, TX 787, USA Jongjin Roh Elctrical and
More informationIntegrated INS/GPS Navigation System
Intrnational Journal on Elctrical Enginring and Informatics - Volum 10, Numbr 3, Sptmbr 2018 Intgratd INS/GPS Navigation Systm Targ Mahmoud and Bambang Riyanto Trilaksono School of Elctrical Enginring
More informationAnalysis the Performance of Coded WSK-DWDM Transmission System
Intrnational Journal of Enginring and Tchnology Volum No., Dcmbr, Analysis th rformanc of Codd WSK-DWDM Transmission Systm Bobby Barua Assistant rofssor, Dpartmnt of EEE, Ahsanullah Univrsity of Scinc
More informationContent Skills Assessments Lessons. Assessments 9/1/2012
Tachr: CORE APART Yar: 2012-13 Cours: AP Studio Art Month: All Months S p t m b r Drawing - Why AP Drawing? ~ Essntial Qustions What dos an AP (Drawing) cours consist of? How do you dvlop a varity of artworks
More informationThe entire devices are built in housings that are protected against liquids and dust without need to be installed in hazloc certified cabinets.
Cod for typ of protction Typ cod -TX- altrn. altrn. II 3 (2/3) G Ex d ia mb na [ Gb] [ic] IIC T4 Gc II 3 (2/3) G Ex db b ia mb na [ ic] IIC T4 II 3 (2/3) D Ex ia tc [ Db] [ic] IIIC T80 C Dc IP66 II 3 (2/3)
More informationSignals and Systems Fourier Series Representation of Periodic Signals
Signals and Systms Fourir Sris Rprsntation of Priodic Signals Chang-Su Kim Introduction Why do W Nd Fourir Analysis? Th ssnc of Fourir analysis is to rprsnt a signal in trms of complx xponntials x t a
More information16 th Coherent Laser Radar Conference (June 20, 2011, Long Beach CA, USA)
Novmbr 3, 11 16 th Cohrnt Lasr adar Confrnc 1/18 16 th Cohrnt Lasr adar Confrnc (Jun, 11, Long Bach CA, USA) Dvlopmnt of Cohrnt -μm Diffrntial Absorption and Wind Lidar with lasr frquncy offst locking
More informationPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL BEAMFORMING ALGORITHMS
IJRET: Intrnational Journal of Rsarch in Enginring and Tchnology ISSN: 39-63 pissn: 3-738 PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL BEAMFORMING ALGORITMS Sushma K M, Manjula Dvi T Digital Communication and Ntworking
More informationETSI TS V1.2.1 ( )
TS 101 376-5-4 V1.2.1 (2002-04) Tchnical Spcification GEO-Mobil Radio Intrfac Spcifications; Part 5: Radio intrfac physical layr spcifications; Sub-part 4: Modulation; GMR-1 05.004 2 TS 101 376-5-4 V1.2.1
More informationGraph coloring. Kempe s algorithm removes nodes with < K edges
Graph oloring Kmp s algorithm rmovs nods with < K dgs Fin This stp is alld simpliia1on Simpliia9on ithr nds with an mpty graph or a graph suh that ah nod has K dgs Now w hav to do somthing Eithr try out
More information4-H Action Exhibits. All participants take an equal role in planning and doing the Action Exhibit.
4-H Action Exhibits by Laurn Brsstt, Dbbi Chvr, Lisa Townson, Pnny Turnr An Action Exhibit faturs on to thr 4-H rs showing a procss; making or doing somthing whil xplaining it to th audinc and answring
More information1/24/2017. Electrical resistance
1/24/2017 Photocopirs and th National Grid Photoconductors so far.. On xampl of a smiconducting matrial Elctrical insulator in th dark, conductor in th light mportant componnt in a photocopir butt Slctiv
More informationChapter 2 Fundamentals of OFDM
Chaptr 2 Fundamntal of OFDM 2. OFDM Baic [9] Th baic principl of OFDM i to divid th high-rat data tram into many low rat tram that ach i tranmittd imultanouly ovr it own ubcarrir orthogonal to all th othr.
More informationSpeed Control Simulation of the Electric Vehicle Driving Motor
Availal onlin at www.ijp-onlin.com Vol. 13, No. 7, Novmr 2017, pp. 1140-1146 DOI: 10.23940/ijp.17.07.p17.11401146 Spd Control Simulation of th Elctric Vhicl Driving Motor Wanmin Li a,, *, Mnglu Gu, Lulu
More informationA Fast and Safe Industrial WLAN Communication
Transactions of th ISCIE, Institut Vol. 29, of Systms, No. 1, pp. Control 29 39, and 216 Transactions Information Enginrs of ISCIE, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 29 39, 216 29 Papr A Fast and Saf Industrial WLAN
More informationTowards a Digital Built Britain and beyond
Towards a Digital Built Britain and byond OS and DBB During this sssion w ll covr how w v supportd BIM Lvl 2, and as th industry movs forward, shar our vision for a Digital Built Britain, our rol within
More informationDetermination of Antenna Q from the Reflection-Coefficient Data
Antnna Dsignr s Notbook Foundd by Hal Shrank Tom Milligan 84 W Polk Pl Littlton CO 8 USA Tl: + () 97-949 E-mail: tmilligan@i.org http//www.antnnadsignr.org Dtrmination of Antnna Q from th Rflction-Cofficint
More information