LTE/CDMA Handoffs A Mobile s Perspective. Hosting Two Complete Networks in One UE.
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1 LTE/CDMA Handoffs A Mobile s Perspective Hosting Two Complete Networks in One UE.
2 Background As systems evolve from 3G to 4G, more complicated mixes of technology are being chosen. Traditionally, evolutionary paths were within a common standards organization (3GPP or 3GPP2) The new world crosses technology boundaries: 3GPP2 HRPD-A (DOrA) <-> IEEE /WiMAX 3GPP2 HRPD-A (DOrA) <-> 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) This requires an unprecedented amount of coordination between standards organizations to support these systems. The business case exists to support this, so the technical work is being done to support these soon to be deployed systems. Demonstrations are now being developed. 2
3 CTIA Handoff Demonstration (LTE/DOrA) Linux Router with Mobile IP Home Agent Internet Linux Application Processor with Mobile IP Client Iterated Mobile IP enables intersystem mobility without having to modify the legacy EVDO network. USB CDMA EVDO rev A Phone with Mobile IP Client Commercial HRPD-A Provider RTSP Server At CTIA Wireless 2008, Motorola Demonstrated the Possibility of HRPD-A/LTE Inter-working using this setup. 3
4 CTIA Handoff Demonstration (continued) Traffic routed selectively through each air interface. No Layer 3 signalling. Traffic consolidation point was in the USB connected PC acting as the system data sink. Utilized the live DOrA network to demonstrate that interface s capability. Video quality matched the relative bandwidths of the RF active RF connection. 4
5 Unique Multi-Mode User Equipment (UE) Issues For multi-mode devices, such as a UE operating in both DOrA and LTE, the UE has to be the following: A fully capable DOrA device. Multiple frequency bands. Receive Diversity. A fully capable LTE device. Multiple frequency bands. MIMO. A DOrA/LTE inter-working function. 5
6 Design Challenges Operating Frequencies: Operating transceivers in all carrier-specified bands. LTE w/mimo (800, 900, 1700, 1900, 2100, etc.) DOrA w/diversity (800, 1900, AWS, 700, etc.) Bluetooth/WiFi (2400) GPS ( ) System Selection: UE must scan both systems for acquisition. Carrier preference rules must be created and supported. UE must acquire system and get service in similar time to a single-mode device. 6
7 Design Challenges (continued) Overhead Information Acquisition: Single receiver UEs must use Alternate Network Broadcast of Overhead Information Dual-active receiver UEs monitor real common channel transmissions. Session Setup: Utilize native setup procedures. LTE will be more than adequate. DOrA can take more than 6 seconds for session setup (inadequate). Standards are being developed in 3GPP/3GPP2 to support tunneled session pre-establishment. When operating in LTE, the DOrA session can be created through this tunnel and made dormant. Procedures support both dual and single receiver UE designs. Eliminates excessive delay in session transfer. 7
8 Design Challenges (continued) Bearer Support: Vocoders LTE will support 3GPP codecs DOrA will support 3GPP2 codecs. 8
9 Handoff Process Process is simple: Monitor air interface for better connection possibilities. Report better candidates to network. Network queries available resources then commands handoff. With a multi-mode terminal, this simple process is complicated by basic issues. In a dual active receiver design, the multi-mode UE can report all information autonomously. In a single receiver design, the system compensates for the UE s inability to scan information from DOrA while connected to LTE, transmitting to the UE: CDMA System Time. All overhead information. 9
10 Handoff Process (continued) Tunneled Handoff Message happens in both designs. No Access Channel transmission happens, which means that closed loop power control information must be transmitted from the enodeb to compensate. LTE session is maintained up to the moment when the UE tunes to the new DOrA channel. 10
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