Formantic Analysis of Speech Signal by Wavelet Transform
|
|
- James Ryan
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 , July 6-8, 011, London, U.K. Formanic Analysis of Speech Signal by Wavele Transform L.Falek, A.Amrouche, L.Fergani, H.Teffahi, A.Djeradi Absrac The goal of his sudy is o consider he insananeous frequencies corresponding o he speech signal forman using he wavele ransform. The developed mehod is based on an analysis of derivaive phase of he coninuous Morle wavele ransform coefficiens. Using synhesized signals produced by a forman model made i possible o adap his mehod o real speech signals and o deerminae he insananeous formanic frequencies for all he ypes of speech sounds (isolaed vowels, syllables and words). Resuls are saisfacory and join hose obained by oher researchers in he field (who were ineresed especially in isolaed vowels). Index Terms speech signal, insananeous frequencies, formans, complex wavele, phase derivaive. I. INTRODUCTION Formans are he maximum energy of insananeous frequencies of speech signal. They are basic componens of coding, recogniion or synhesis sysems of signals. They can also be useful for specialized applicaions as assisance o medical diagnosic (for larynx pahologies : by speech signal analysis ). Considering heir growing imporance, he formans are he subjec of many works. The difficuly in formans calculaion is relaed mainly o none saionnariy of he speech signal. Timefrequency represenaions (like coninuous wavele ransform) made formidable grea srides hese 30 las years wih he very fas evoluion of compuers calculaion capaciies. These represenaions are adaped o signals presening frequenial conens which vary during ime (wha is he case of he speech signal). Manuscrip received March 3, 011; revised April 8, 011. This work was suppored in par by he U.S. Deparmen of Commerce under Gran BS13456 (sponsor and financial suppor acknowledgmen goes here). L. Falek is wih he Universiy of science and echnology Houari 3, El Alia, Algiers, ALGERIA. ( lfalek@homail.fr). Aissa Amrouche is wih he Universiy of science and echnology Houari Boumediene (USTHB), Elecronic and Compuer Science Faculy, BP 3, El Alia, Algiers, ALGERIA. ( amrouche_a@yahoo.com). L.Fergani is wih he Universiy of science and echnology Houari 3, El Alia, Algiers, ALGERIA. ( lamifer@msn.com). H.Teffahi is wih he Universiy of science and echnology Houari 3, El Alia, Algiers, ALGERIA. ( heffahi@gmail.com). A.Djeradi is wih he Universiy of science and echnology Houari 3, El Alia, Algiers, ALGERIA. ( adjeradi05@yahoo.com). They provide a join represenaion in ime and frequency, conrary o he Fourier ransform who represens in only frequenial form he conained informaion in signal emporal, from where he disadvanage of loss of evens chronology. Waveles ransform akes up same idea as he Fourier ransform by adoping a muli-resoluion approach: if we look a a signal wih a broad window, we will be able o disinguish from he coarse deails. In a similar way, increasingly small deails could be observed by shorening he window size. Waveles analysis objecive is hus o carry ou a kind of adjusable mahemaical microscope. In his sudy, we developed a deerminaion mehod of insananeous variaion of a speech signal formanic frequencies based on complex coninuous wavele ransform. The mehod principle is he phase exploiaion of coefficiens ransformaion for he insananeous frequency exracion by using an analyical complex coninuous wavele ransform. The applicaion of his mehod o he speech signal is carried ou by aking accoun of he acousic characerisics of his signal. We proceeded in firs o he adjusmen of mehod parameers saring from hree vowels (/a/, /i/, /u/) obained using a formans synhesizer, hen we widened he applicaion o real speech signals (isolaed vowels, syllables and words). The resuls represened on a specrogram were compared wih hose obained using a radiional mehod (LPC). They were considered o be saisfacory. II. ANALYTICAL SIGNAL AND INSTANTANEOUS FREQUENCY The analyical signal concep was posed by Ville in 1948 [13] wih an aim of defining he insananeous frequency. The analyical signal is a complex signal associaed wih a real signal. I has ineresing properies, in paricular wih regard o is Fourier ransform, which is null for he negaive frequencies. An analyical signal z() can be calculaed saring from he Hilber ransform [11] of a real signal x() such as: (1) zx() = x() + ih(x()) wih H(x()) he Hilber ransform of x() : I is possible o define [6], saring from he analyical signal an insananeous frequency fx() [4], where zx() is an analyical signal
2 , July 6-8, 011, London, U.K. 1 ω σ ψ() = expjω exp( ) exp c exp( ) C c σ 4 σ () III. MORLET CONTINUOUS WAVELET TRANSFORM A. The coninuous Morle wavele The complex coninuous Morle wavele ransform also makes i possible o define he concep of he insananeous frequency, when one employs an analyical wavele [7]. This is why we choose he complex coninuous Morle wavele like moher wavele. The laer is an analyzing wavele for small oscillaions (a cenre frequency FC: around 1Hz). Moreover, i is very quie localized in ime (beween -4 and 4s) and in frequencies (a peak around 0.8 Hz). Wha makes of i very a good candidae for he analysis of he speech signal. The Morle wavele is inspired by he elemenary Gabor signal. I is obained by modulaion of a Gaussian. I is given by he following relaion [3] (3) Where: C: facor which makes i possible o sandardize energy. ω c =πf c (F c : is he wavele cenre frequency ) σ =(1/(πσ f ) (σ σ is he sandard deviaion of Gaussian and 4σ is he effecive wavele duraion and 4σ f is band-widh). The produc ω c σ fixes he bond beween he widh of he wavele Gaussian envelope and is oscillaion frequency F C [8]. To have a wavele family, he produc mus be consan. For he Morle wavele, his las mus ake raher large values (ω c σ 5 in pracice). For low oscillaions: ω c = πfc=5.486 rad/s were Fc 0.8Hz. One usually uses for ωc values: 5 ω c 6. Then for Fc : (0.8 Fc 1) Hz [3] B. The wavele ransform Compared o he Fourier ransform, he basic idea of he wavele ransform is o break up a signal x() according o anoher base ha of he sinusoids, each wavele basis having paricular properies which guide is use for he ype of problem arising. Signal x() hus will be broken up on a funcions family relocaed and dilaed saring of a single funcion ψ () called wavele moher. The family pus iself in he form [3 9 1] (4) and is called wavele analyzing, wih "a" parameer of dilaion or scale parameer, defining he widh of he analysis window. The variable a cheek he role of he opposie frequency: more "a" is weak less, he wavele analyzing is wide emporally, and herefore more he cenre frequency of is specrum is high. The parameer b is he ranslaion parameer locaing he wavele analyzing in he emporal field. The Modificaion of "a" and "b" allow o have wavele a he desired frequency and he desired momen. By noing ψ * () complex combined of ψ (), he wavele Transform of signal x () is defined by [3 9 1] (5) This analysis makes i possible o locally describe he conens of x() in he viciniy of (a, b) in he ime-scale plan. I indicaes o us relaive imporance of he frequency 1/a around he poin b (or a he momen b) for a signal x(). Thus, if x() vibraes a a frequency definiely less raised or, on he conrary, much higher han 1/a, he module of he wavele ransform coefficien will be very small and almos negligible. I becomes consequen only if he signal conains a componen of his frequency a he poin considered. The coefficiens of he wavele ransform are hus a way of locaing wih precision he appearance of a frequency given o one momen given in a signal. This decomposiion is funcion of wo variables "a" and "b" and evaluaes he relevance of he use of he wavele in he descripion of x() IV. METHODOLOGY The implemenaion of he mehod was made in Malab language, by aking accoun of he moher Morle wavele parameers quoed in par III.A. We sared by validaing he mehod for a heoreical signal hen we passed o he applicaion on a speech signal A. Applicaion on a heoreical signal We chose a signal x() composed of 3 sinusoids such as: x()= 5sin (π*300) + 10sin (π*000) + 15sin (π*3500) The scales were seleced so ha hey cover he required frequencies: wavebands: [00, 1500]; [1400, 5000]. Produc values ωcσ 5 like known in he lieraure. We calculaed he module of he wavele ransform coefficiens (ampliude of he module according o he scales). The resul obained is illusraed in fig.1. The insananeous frequencies are esimaed by he maximum of he module of he coefficiens of he wavele ransform as specified of Fig.1. We locae hen he scales which correspond o maximum of he module of he coefficiens. We calculae he frequencies by deriving coefficiens phase of he wavele ransform which corresponds o hese scales compared o ime: (figure). These las correspond well o he frequencies of signal x() (relaive o each peaks of he module: max1, max3, max3) : F1=500Hz, F=000Hz e F3=3500Hz. Those can hus be used for a firs esimae of insananeous frequencies signal. Fig.3 represens he energy of one of he frequencies of Fig.. In fig.4, we have maximum energies of he frequencies obained of Fig.3 (represened on he specrogram of signal x()), correspondens well a he frequencies of signal x().
3 , July 6-8, 011, London, U.K. resuls are illusraed in fig 5. These resuls join hose obained by L.Cnockaer [8] while reasoning on he cenre frequency (F0, F1, F, F3) of he wavele signal. Table 1: Values vowels fixed for he formans for he synhesis of he 3 Figure 1: modulae coefficiens of he wavele ransform according o he scales. Figure. Phase derivaive of wavele ransform corresponding for each maximum F0 F1 F F3 F4 F5 /a/ /i/ /u/ Ampliude de l'énergie échanillons Figure 3. Coefficiens energy of he wavele ransform, for frequencies one frequency These resuls show ha he mehod is applicable on a heoreical signal. Frequency (Hz) Fréquences insanannées du signal composé de la somme de 3 sinusoïdes échanillons N du signal Figure 4: Maximum energy for he 3 insananeous Table. Couples of parameers (F C, ω c σ ) valid for he 3 synheics vowels Frequencies bands Fc ω c σ [00,900] [900,1500] 1 8 [1500,3000] [3000,4500] 1 10 [[4500,fe/] 1 10 The insananeous formanic frequencies found on fig.5 correspond well o he frequencies fixed in able 1. These resuls will be applied for he calculaion of he formans in he case of a real speech signal. B. Applicaion o a speech signal The speech signal is a non saionary signal, being able o conain a big number of very variable insananeous frequencies. Wha makes is analysis delicaee by his mehod. For ha, we sared by analyzing a signal of word of which we know all frequencies preliminary in order o ry o fix he parameers of he mehod. 1) Speech Signals Analysis obained using formans synhesizer (Kla) We synhesized 3 vowels (/a/, /i/ and /u/) whose Fi formans are consan (see able 1). On he basis of he assumpion ha he produc ω c σ fixes he bond beween he widh of he Gaussian envelope of he wavele and is oscillaion frequency FC and ha o have a family of waveles, he produc mus be consan (for he Morle wavele: 0.8 FC 1e ω c σ 5), i hen acs o find he couples of parameers (FC, ωcσ ) which make i possible o deec formans values inroduced ino he synhesizer wih precision. These couples of values willl be hen used and adjused for real speech signals. The mehod used is he following one: - Choice of 5 wavebands allowing covering all he formanic frequencies (5 formans) for he hreee sounds. These las will be used o fix he scales for he wavele ransform: [00,900], [900,1500], [1500,3000], [3000,4500], [4500, fe/] in Hz; - We hen varied cenre frequency F C of he wavele moher by sep of 0.5Hz wih 0.8 F C 1 - For each value of FC we varied he produc ω c σ by sep of 0.5 while saring of 5 like ciy in he lieraure. Couples of parameers (F C, ω c σ ) obained for he 3 sounds are illusraed by able. The corresponding Figures 5 : Resuls obained for he vowels [a], [I], [u] (on he lef wih wavele ransform and on he righ, wih he sofware Winsnoori using he LPC)
4 , July 6-8, 011, London, U.K. ) Applicaion mehod for real speech signals On he basis of couple of parameers obained for synheic speech signals, we applied he mehod o real speech signals (vowels, syllables and words) and we represened he resuls on he specrogram relaive o each sound (Fig 6, 7, 8) /men/ /aʕila/ Figures 8. Case of Arabic words. On he lef, wih wavele ransform and on he righ, wih he LPC (sofware Winsnoori) V. CONCLUSION Figures 6. Case of he real isolaed vowels: /a/, /i/, /u/. On he lef, wih wavele ransform and on he righ, wih he LPC (sofware Winsnoori) /sa/ /ka/ This sudy showed ha he coninuous complex wavele ransform of a speech signal can make i possible o esimae he frequencies of he formans, when he parameers of he ransform are quie seleced. Indeed, he values of he produc ω c σ obained for he analyzed sounds (isolaed vowels, consonans, syllables and words) made i possible o obain saisfacory resuls and join hose obained by anoher researcher for isolaed vowels. The difficuly of his mehod lies in he choice of hese parameers like all he oher mehods of formans deecion; however, i has he advanage be applied direcly o non-saionary signals. In addiion, we noiced he appearance of addiional poins o hose of he exising formans on he various figures of he resuls presened for he case of real signals. We hink ha his problem can be relaed o he presence of oher frequencies in he speech signal (harmonic noises and frequencies, aspiraion, ) which energy is imporan and deeced by our mehod. /yu/ Figures 7. Case of real syllables On he lef, wih wavele ransform and on he righ, wih he LPC (sofware Winsnoori) REFERENCES [1] Bilezikian JP, Raisz LG, R. G. (00). Principles of Bone Biology- Second Ediion. Aca-demic Press. 95, 96 [] Casellengo, M. and Dubois, M. (005). Timbre ou imbres? propriéé du signal, de l insrumen ou consrucion cogniive. 88 [3] C. Chui, An inroducion o waveles, Academic Press,1995. [4] Cohen, L. and Lee, C. (1989). Insananeous frequency and ime-frequency disribuions. IEEE Inernaional Symposium on Circuis and Sysems, 1989., pages [5] Emiya, V. (004). Specrogramme d ampliude e de fréquences insananées (safi). Maser s hesis, Aix-Marseille II. 5 [6] Flandrin, P. (1993). Temps-fréquence. Hermès. 11, 7, 9, 3.
5 , July 6-8, 011, London, U.K. [7] J. Lardiès, M.N. Ta M.N., M. Berhillier, Modal parameer esimaion from oupu-only daa using he avele ransform, Archive of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 73, pp ; 004 [8] Laurence Cnockaer. «Analyse du remblemen vocal e applicaion à des locueurs parkinsoniens». Thèse de docora en sciences de l ingénieur. Bruxelles, Décembre 007. Universié libre de Bruxelles ULB. [9] S. Malla, Une exploraion des signaux en ondelees, Ediionsdel école Polyechnique, 000. [10] Navarro, L. (007a). Analyse emps-fréquence de signaux vibraoires issus d un réaceur de culure osseuse. In Journée de la recherche de l EDSE [11] Rihaczek, A. and Bedrosian, E. (1966). Hilber ransforms and he complex represenaion of real signals. Proceedings of he IEEE, 54(3) : [1] B. Torrésani, Analyse coninue par ondelees, Ediions du CNRS, Paris, 1995 [13] Ville, J. (1948). Théorie e applicaions de la noion de signal analyique. Câbles e ransmissions, 1 : , 13.
Phase-Shifting Control of Double Pulse in Harmonic Elimination Wei Peng1, a*, Junhong Zhang1, Jianxin gao1, b, Guangyi Li1, c
Inernaional Symposium on Mechanical Engineering and Maerial Science (ISMEMS 016 Phase-Shifing Conrol of Double Pulse in Harmonic Eliminaion Wei Peng1, a*, Junhong Zhang1, Jianxin gao1, b, Guangyi i1, c
More informationChapter 2 Summary: Continuous-Wave Modulation. Belkacem Derras
ECEN 44 Communicaion Theory Chaper Summary: Coninuous-Wave Modulaion.1 Modulaion Modulaion is a process in which a parameer of a carrier waveform is varied in accordance wih a given message (baseband)
More informationMemorandum on Impulse Winding Tester
Memorandum on Impulse Winding Teser. Esimaion of Inducance by Impulse Response When he volage response is observed afer connecing an elecric charge sored up in he capaciy C o he coil L (including he inside
More informationNotes on the Fourier Transform
Noes on he Fourier Transform The Fourier ransform is a mahemaical mehod for describing a coninuous funcion as a series of sine and cosine funcions. The Fourier Transform is produced by applying a series
More informationSignal Characteristics
Signal Characerisics Analog Signals Analog signals are always coninuous (here are no ime gaps). The signal is of infinie resoluion. Discree Time Signals SignalCharacerisics.docx 8/28/08 10:41 AM Page 1
More informationDirect Analysis of Wave Digital Network of Microstrip Structure with Step Discontinuities
Direc Analysis of Wave Digial Nework of Microsrip Srucure wih Sep Disconinuiies BILJANA P. SOŠIĆ Faculy of Elecronic Engineering Universiy of Niš Aleksandra Medvedeva 4, Niš SERBIA MIODRAG V. GMIROVIĆ
More informationNegative frequency communication
Negaive frequency communicaion Fanping DU Email: dufanping@homail.com Qing Huo Liu arxiv:2.43v5 [cs.it] 26 Sep 2 Deparmen of Elecrical and Compuer Engineering Duke Universiy Email: Qing.Liu@duke.edu Absrac
More informationAdaptive Approach Based on Curve Fitting and Interpolation for Boundary Effects Reduction
Adapive Approach Based on Curve Fiing and Inerpolaion for Boundary Effecs Reducion HANG SU, JINGSONG LI School of Informaion Engineering Wuhan Universiy of Technology 122 Loushi Road, Wuhan CHINA hangsu@whu.edu.cn,
More informationECE-517 Reinforcement Learning in Artificial Intelligence
ECE-517 Reinforcemen Learning in Arificial Inelligence Lecure 11: Temporal Difference Learning (con.), Eligibiliy Traces Ocober 8, 2015 Dr. Iamar Arel College of Engineering Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering
More informationMATLAB/SIMULINK TECHNOLOGY OF THE SYGNAL MODULATION
J Modern Technology & Engineering Vol2, No1, 217, pp76-81 MATLAB/SIMULINK TECHNOLOGY OF THE SYGNAL MODULATION GA Rusamov 1*, RJ Gasimov 1, VG Farhadov 1 1 Azerbaijan Technical Universiy, Baku, Azerbaijan
More informationComparing image compression predictors using fractal dimension
Comparing image compression predicors using fracal dimension RADU DOBRESCU, MAEI DOBRESCU, SEFA MOCAU, SEBASIA ARALUGA Faculy of Conrol & Compuers POLIEHICA Universiy of Buchares Splaiul Independenei 313
More information7 th International Conference on DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION SYSTEMS S u c e a v a, R o m a n i a, M a y 27 29,
7 h Inernaional Conference on DEVEOPMENT AND APPICATION SYSTEMS S u c e a v a, o m a n i a, M a y 27 29, 2 0 0 4 THEE-PHASE AC CHOPPE WITH IGBT s Ovidiu USAU 1, Mihai UCANU, Crisian AGHION, iviu TIGAEU
More informationELEG 3124 SYSTEMS AND SIGNALS Ch. 1 Continuous-Time Signals
Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering Universiy of Arkansas ELEG 3124 SYSTEMS AND SIGNALS Ch. 1 Coninuous-Time Signals Dr. Jingxian Wu wuj@uark.edu OUTLINE 2 Inroducion: wha are signals and sysems? Signals
More informationCommunication Systems. Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering
COMM 704: Communicaion Lecure : Analog Mulipliers Dr Mohamed Abd El Ghany Dr. Mohamed Abd El Ghany, Mohamed.abdel-ghany@guc.edu.eg nroducion Nonlinear operaions on coninuous-valued analog signals are ofen
More informationLaplacian Mixture Modeling for Overcomplete Mixing Matrix in Wavelet Packet Domain by Adaptive EM-type Algorithm and Comparisons
Proceedings of he 5h WSEAS Inernaional Conference on Signal Processing, Isanbul, urey, May 7-9, 6 (pp45-5) Laplacian Mixure Modeling for Overcomplee Mixing Marix in Wavele Pace Domain by Adapive EM-ype
More informationP. Bruschi: Project guidelines PSM Project guidelines.
Projec guidelines. 1. Rules for he execuion of he projecs Projecs are opional. Their aim is o improve he sudens knowledge of he basic full-cusom design flow. The final score of he exam is no affeced by
More informationEXPERIMENT #9 FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS LINK
EXPERIMENT #9 FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS LINK INTRODUCTION: Much of daa communicaions is concerned wih sending digial informaion hrough sysems ha normally only pass analog signals. A elephone line is such
More informationAN303 APPLICATION NOTE
AN303 APPLICATION NOTE LATCHING CURRENT INTRODUCTION An imporan problem concerning he uilizaion of componens such as hyrisors or riacs is he holding of he componen in he conducing sae afer he rigger curren
More informationUNIT IV DIGITAL MODULATION SCHEME
UNI IV DIGIAL MODULAION SCHEME Geomeric Represenaion of Signals Ojecive: o represen any se of M energy signals {s i (} as linear cominaions of N orhogonal asis funcions, where N M Real value energy signals
More informationRevision: June 11, E Main Suite D Pullman, WA (509) Voice and Fax
2.5.3: Sinusoidal Signals and Complex Exponenials Revision: June 11, 2010 215 E Main Suie D Pullman, W 99163 (509) 334 6306 Voice and Fax Overview Sinusoidal signals and complex exponenials are exremely
More informationPower losses in pulsed voltage source inverters/rectifiers with sinusoidal currents
ree-wheeling diode Turn-off power dissipaion: off/d = f s * E off/d (v d, i LL, T j/d ) orward power dissipaion: fw/t = 1 T T 1 v () i () d Neglecing he load curren ripple will resul in: fw/d = i Lavg
More informationLab 3 Acceleration. What You Need To Know: Physics 211 Lab
b Lab 3 Acceleraion Wha You Need To Know: The Physics In he previous lab you learned ha he velociy of an objec can be deermined by finding he slope of he objec s posiion vs. ime graph. x v ave. = v ave.
More informationOpenStax-CNX module: m Elemental Signals. Don Johnson. Perhaps the most common real-valued signal is the sinusoid.
OpenSax-CNX module: m0004 Elemenal Signals Don Johnson This work is produced by OpenSax-CNX and licensed under he Creaive Commons Aribuion License.0 Absrac Complex signals can be buil from elemenal signals,
More informationDouble Tangent Sampling Method for Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation
Compuaional and Applied Mahemaics Journal 2018; 4(1): 8-14 hp://www.aasci.org/journal/camj ISS: 2381-1218 (Prin); ISS: 2381-1226 (Online) Double Tangen Sampling Mehod for Sinusoidal Pulse Widh Modulaion
More informationEE 330 Lecture 24. Amplification with Transistor Circuits Small Signal Modelling
EE 330 Lecure 24 Amplificaion wih Transisor Circuis Small Signal Modelling Review from las ime Area Comparison beween BJT and MOSFET BJT Area = 3600 l 2 n-channel MOSFET Area = 168 l 2 Area Raio = 21:1
More informationIncreasing Measurement Accuracy via Corrective Filtering in Digital Signal Processing
ISSN(Online): 39-8753 ISSN (Prin): 347-67 Engineering and echnology (An ISO 397: 7 Cerified Organizaion) Vol. 6, Issue 5, ay 7 Increasing easuremen Accuracy via Correcive Filering in Digial Signal Processing
More informationPulse Train Controlled PCCM Buck-Boost Converter Ming Qina, Fangfang Lib
5h Inernaional Conference on Environmen, Maerials, Chemisry and Power Elecronics (EMCPE 016 Pulse Train Conrolled PCCM Buck-Boos Converer Ming Qina, Fangfang ib School of Elecrical Engineering, Zhengzhou
More informationDevelopment of Temporary Ground Wire Detection Device
Inernaional Journal of Smar Grid and Clean Energy Developmen of Temporary Ground Wire Deecion Device Jing Jiang* and Tao Yu a Elecric Power College, Souh China Universiy of Technology, Guangzhou 5164,
More informationThe student will create simulations of vertical components of circular and harmonic motion on GX.
Learning Objecives Circular and Harmonic Moion (Verical Transformaions: Sine curve) Algebra ; Pre-Calculus Time required: 10 150 min. The sudens will apply combined verical ranslaions and dilaions in he
More informationStudy and Analysis of Various Tuning Methods of PID Controller for AVR System
Inernaional Journal of esearch in Elecrical & Elecronics Engineering olume, Issue, July-Sepember, 203, pp. 93-98, IASTE 203 www.iaser.com, Online: 2347-5439, Prin: 2348-0025 ABSTACT Sudy and Analysis of
More informationMotion-blurred star image acquisition and restoration method based on the separable kernel Honglin Yuana, Fan Lib and Tao Yuc
5h Inernaional Conference on Advanced Maerials and Compuer Science (ICAMCS 206) Moion-blurred sar image acquisiion and resoraion mehod based on he separable kernel Honglin Yuana, Fan Lib and Tao Yuc Beihang
More informationRole of Kalman Filters in Probabilistic Algorithm
Volume 118 No. 11 2018, 5-10 ISSN: 1311-8080 (prined version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: hp://www.ijpam.eu doi: 10.12732/ijpam.v118i11.2 ijpam.eu Role of Kalman Filers in Probabilisic Algorihm
More informationECE ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS - INVESTIGATION 7 INTRODUCTION TO AMPLITUDE MODULATION - PART II
ECE 405 - ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS - INVESTIGATION 7 INTRODUCTION TO AMPLITUDE MODULATION - PART II FALL 2005 A.P. FELZER To do "well" on his invesigaion you mus no only ge he righ answers bu mus also do
More informationLecture #7: Discrete-time Signals and Sampling
EEL335: Discree-Time Signals and Sysems Lecure #7: Discree-ime Signals and Sampling. Inroducion Lecure #7: Discree-ime Signals and Sampling Unlike coninuous-ime signals, discree-ime signals have defined
More informationDead Zone Compensation Method of H-Bridge Inverter Series Structure
nd Inernaional Conference on Elecrical, Auomaion and Mechanical Engineering (EAME 7) Dead Zone Compensaion Mehod of H-Bridge Inverer Series Srucure Wei Li Insiue of Elecrical Engineering and Informaion
More informationModulation exercises. Chapter 3
Chaper 3 Modulaion exercises Each problem is annoaed wih he leer E, T, C which sands for exercise, requires some hough, requires some concepualizaion. Problems labeled E are usually mechanical, hose labeled
More informationf t 2cos 2 Modulator Figure 21: DSB-SC modulation.
4.5 Ampliude modulaion: AM 4.55. DSB-SC ampliude modulaion (which is summarized in Figure 21) is easy o undersand and analyze in boh ime and frequency domains. However, analyical simpliciy is no always
More informationTable of Contents. 3.0 SMPS Topologies. For Further Research. 3.1 Basic Components. 3.2 Buck (Step Down) 3.3 Boost (Step Up) 3.4 Inverter (Buck/Boost)
Table of Conens 3.0 SMPS Topologies 3.1 Basic Componens 3.2 Buck (Sep Down) 3.3 Boos (Sep Up) 3.4 nverer (Buck/Boos) 3.5 Flyback Converer 3.6 Curren Boosed Boos 3.7 Curren Boosed Buck 3.8 Forward Converer
More informationAN5028 Application note
Applicaion noe Calculaion of urn-off power losses generaed by an ulrafas diode Inroducion This applicaion noe explains how o calculae urn-off power losses generaed by an ulrafas diode, by aking ino accoun
More informationThe design of an improved matched filter in DSSS-GMSK system
Journal of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS The design of an improved mached filer in DSSS-GMSK sysem To cie his aricle: Mao Wei-ong e al 16 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 679 1 View he aricle online
More informationInvestigation and Simulation Model Results of High Density Wireless Power Harvesting and Transfer Method
Invesigaion and Simulaion Model Resuls of High Densiy Wireless Power Harvesing and Transfer Mehod Jaber A. Abu Qahouq, Senior Member, IEEE, and Zhigang Dang The Universiy of Alabama Deparmen of Elecrical
More informationA New Voltage Sag and Swell Compensator Switched by Hysteresis Voltage Control Method
Proceedings of he 8h WSEAS Inernaional Conference on ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS, HIGH VOLTAGES, ELECTRIC MACHINES (POWER '8) A New Volage Sag and Swell Compensaor Swiched by Hyseresis Volage Conrol Mehod AMIR
More informationAnnouncement. Allowed
9//05 nnouncemen Firs es: Sep. 8, Chap. -4 llowed wriing insrumen poce calculaor ruler One 8.5" " paper conaining consans, formulas, and any oher informaion ha you migh find useful (NOT any inds of soluions).
More informationANALOG AND DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS : CHAPTER 3
Laboraory # Chap 3 Objecives Linear Sysem Response: general case Undersand he difference and he relaionship beween a sep and impulse response. Deermine he limis of validiy of an approximaed impulse response.
More informationSquare Waves, Sinusoids and Gaussian White Noise: A Matching Pursuit Conundrum? Don Percival
Square Waves, Sinusoids and Gaussian Whie Noise: A Maching Pursui Conundrum? Don Percival Applied Physics Laboraory Deparmen of Saisics Universiy of Washingon Seale, Washingon, USA hp://faculy.washingon.edu/dbp
More informationA New Measurement Method of the Dynamic Contact Resistance of HV Circuit Breakers
A New Measuremen Mehod of he Dynamic Conac Resisance of HV Circui Breakers M. Landry*, A. Mercier, G. Ouelle, C. Rajoe, J. Caron, M. Roy Hydro-Québec Fouad Brikci Zensol Auomaion Inc. (CANADA) Inroducion
More informationPassband Data Transmission I References Phase-shift keying Chapter , S. Haykin, Communication Systems, Wiley. G.1
Passand Daa ransmission I References Phase-shif keying Chaper 4.-4.3, S. Haykin, Communicaion Sysems, Wiley. G. Inroducion Inroducion In aseand pulse ransmission, a daa sream represened in he form of a
More informationDigital Communications - Overview
EE573 : Advanced Digial Communicaions Digial Communicaions - Overview Lecurer: Assoc. Prof. Dr Noor M Khan Deparmen of Elecronic Engineering, Muhammad Ali Jinnah Universiy, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad,
More informationEXPERIMENT #4 AM MODULATOR AND POWER AMPLIFIER
EXPERIMENT #4 AM MODULATOR AND POWER AMPLIFIER INTRODUCTION: Being able o ransmi a radio frequency carrier across space is of no use unless we can place informaion or inelligence upon i. This las ransmier
More informationEvaluation of Instantaneous Reliability Measures for a Gradual Deteriorating System
General Leers in Mahemaic, Vol. 3, No.3, Dec 27, pp. 77-85 e-issn 259-9277, p-issn 259-9269 Available online a hp:\\ www.refaad.com Evaluaion of Insananeous Reliabiliy Measures for a Gradual Deerioraing
More informationComparative Analysis of the Large and Small Signal Responses of "AC inductor" and "DC inductor" Based Chargers
Comparaive Analysis of he arge and Small Signal Responses of "AC inducor" and "DC inducor" Based Chargers Ilya Zelser, Suden Member, IEEE and Sam Ben-Yaakov, Member, IEEE Absrac Two approaches of operaing
More informationChapter 2 Introduction: From Phase-Locked Loop to Costas Loop
Chaper 2 Inroducion: From Phase-Locked Loop o Cosas Loop The Cosas loop can be considered an exended version of he phase-locked loop (PLL). The PLL has been invened in 932 by French engineer Henri de Belleszice
More informationState Space Modeling, Simulation and Comparative Analysis of a conceptualised Electrical Control Signal Transmission Cable for ROVs
Sae Space Modeling, Simulaion and omparaive Analysis of a concepualised Elecrical onrol Signal ransmission able for ROVs James Naganda, Deparmen of Elecronic Engineering, Konkuk Universiy, Seoul, Korea
More informationForeign Fiber Image Segmentation Based on Maximum Entropy and Genetic Algorithm
Journal of Compuer and Communicaions, 215, 3, 1-7 Published Online November 215 in SciRes. hp://www.scirp.org/journal/jcc hp://dx.doi.org/1.4236/jcc.215.3111 Foreign Fiber Image Segmenaion Based on Maximum
More informationECE3204 Microelectronics II Bitar / McNeill. ECE 3204 / Term D-2017 Problem Set 7
EE3204 Microelecronics II Biar / McNeill Due: Monday, May 1, 2017 EE 3204 / Term D-2017 Problem Se 7 All ex problems from Sedra and Smih, Microelecronic ircuis, 7h ediion. NOTES: Be sure your NAME and
More informationGaN-HEMT Dynamic ON-state Resistance characterisation and Modelling
GaN-HEMT Dynamic ON-sae Resisance characerisaion and Modelling Ke Li, Paul Evans, Mark Johnson Power Elecronics, Machine and Conrol group Universiy of Noingham, UK Email: ke.li@noingham.ac.uk, paul.evans@noingham.ac.uk,
More informationUndamped, Length Varying TLP Pulses Measurements and ESD Model Approximations
Undamped, Lengh arying TLP Pulses Measuremens and ESD Model Approximaions Gonzalo Andrés Pacheco, Julio Guillermo Zola Elecronic Circuis Laboraory Elecronic Deparmen Faculy of Engineering Universiy of
More informationA new image security system based on cellular automata and chaotic systems
A new image securiy sysem based on cellular auomaa and chaoic sysems Weinan Wang Jan 2013 Absrac A novel image encrypion scheme based on Cellular Auomaa and chaoic sysem is proposed in his paper. The suggesed
More informationThe Relationship Between Creation and Innovation
The Relaionship Beween Creaion and DONG Zhenyu, ZHAO Jingsong Inner Mongolia Universiy of Science and Technology, Baoou, Inner Mongolia, P.R.China, 014010 Absrac:Based on he compleion of Difference and
More informationWAVEFORMS, WAVES AND MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF RADAR SIGNAL FORMATION PROCESS
WAVEFOMS, WAVES AND MAHEMAICAL MODELING OF ADA SIGNAL FOMAION POCESS Andon Dimirov Lazarov Burgas Free Universiy ВЪЛНОВИ ФОРМИ, ВЪЛНИ И МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКО МОДЕЛИРАНЕ НА ПРОЦЕСА НА ФОРМИРАНЕ НА РАДАРНИ СИГНАЛИ
More informationHow to Shorten First Order Unit Testing Time. Piotr Mróz 1
How o Shoren Firs Order Uni Tesing Time Pior Mróz 1 1 Universiy of Zielona Góra, Faculy of Elecrical Engineering, Compuer Science and Telecommunicaions, ul. Podgórna 5, 65-246, Zielona Góra, Poland, phone
More informationElectrical connection
Reference scanner Dimensioned drawing en 02-2014/06 50117040-01 200 500mm Disance on background/reference 10-30 V DC We reserve he righ o make changes DS_HRTR46Bref_en_50117040_01.fm Robus objec deecion
More informationEE123 Digital Signal Processing
Announcemens EE23 Digial Signal Processing Lecure Miderms: 2/28, 3/2, 4/2 HAM: Obain FRN number from FCC Fill form applicaion for amaeur radio operaor and bring o class on Friday or before (o Frank) Ink
More informationUSING MATLAB TO CREATE AN IMAGE FROM RADAR
USING MATLAB TO CREATE AN IMAGE FROM RADAR Douglas Hulber Mahemaics Deparmen Norfol Sae Universiy 700 Par Avenue Uni 483 Norfol VA 3504-8060 dhulber@nsu.edu Inroducion. Digial imaging algorihms developed
More informationDeblurring Images via Partial Differential Equations
Deblurring Images via Parial Dierenial Equaions Sirisha L. Kala Mississippi Sae Universiy slk3@mssae.edu Advisor: Seh F. Oppenheimer Absrac: Image deblurring is one o he undamenal problems in he ield o
More informationA novel quasi-peak-detector for time-domain EMI-measurements F. Krug, S. Braun, and P. Russer Abstract. Advanced TDEMI measurement concept
Advances in Radio Science (24) 2: 27 32 Copernicus GmbH 24 Advances in Radio Science A novel quasi-peak-deecor for ime-domain EMI-measuremens F. Krug, S. Braun, and P. Russer Insiue for High-Frequency
More informationUsing Box-Jenkins Models to Forecast Mobile Cellular Subscription
Open Journal of Saisics, 26, 6, 33-39 Published Online April 26 in SciRes. hp://www.scirp.org/journal/ojs hp://dx.doi.org/.4236/ojs.26.6226 Using Box-Jenkins Models o Forecas Mobile Cellular Subscripion
More informationREADING ASSIGNMENTS LECTURE OBJECTIVES. Problem Solving Skills. x(t) = cos(αt 2 ) ELEG-212 Signal Processing and Communications
ELEG- Signal Processing and Communicaions Lecure 5 Periodic Signals, Harmonics & ime-varying Sinusoids READING ASSIGNMENS his Lecure: Chaper 3, Secions 3- and 3-3 Chaper 3, Secions 3-7 and 3-8 Lab sars
More informationParameters Affecting Lightning Backflash Over Pattern at 132kV Double Circuit Transmission Lines
Parameers Affecing Lighning Backflash Over Paern a 132kV Double Circui Transmission Lines Dian Najihah Abu Talib 1,a, Ab. Halim Abu Bakar 2,b, Hazlie Mokhlis 1 1 Deparmen of Elecrical Engineering, Faculy
More informationWrap Up. Fourier Transform Sampling, Modulation, Filtering Noise and the Digital Abstraction Binary signaling model and Shannon Capacity
Wrap Up Fourier ransorm Sampling, Modulaion, Filering Noise and he Digial Absracion Binary signaling model and Shannon Capaciy Copyrigh 27 by M.H. Perro All righs reserved. M.H. Perro 27 Wrap Up, Slide
More informationGaussian Blurring-Deblurring for Improved Image Compression
aussian Blurring-Deblurring for mproved mage Compression Moi Hoon Yap 1 Michel Biser Hong Ta Ewe 1 1 Mulimedia Universi (MMU) Jalan Mulimedia 100 Cberjaa Selangor Darul Ehsan Malasia {mhap hewe}@mmu.edu.m
More informationNoise Reduction/Mode Isolation with Adaptive Down Conversion (ADC)
Page 1 Noise Reducion/Mode Isolaion wih Adapive Down Conversion (ADC) Abel B. Diaz, Thomas W. Tunnell NSTec Los Alamos Operaions Presened o PDV Workshop 8-16-2007 Page 2 Summary Adapive down conversion
More informationPREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WITH IMPERFECT REPAIRS OF VEHICLES
Journal of KONES Powerrain and Transpor, Vol.14, No. 3 2007 PEVENTIVE MAINTENANCE WITH IMPEFECT EPAIS OF VEHICLES Józef Okulewicz, Tadeusz Salamonowicz Warsaw Universiy of Technology Faculy of Transpor
More informationLECTURE 1 CMOS PHASE LOCKED LOOPS
Lecure 01 (8/9/18) Page 1-1 Objecive LECTURE 1 CMOS PHASE LOCKED LOOPS OVERVIEW Undersand he principles and applicaions of phase locked loops using inegraed circui echnology wih emphasis on CMOS echnology.
More informationStudy on the Wide Gap Dielectric Barrier Discharge Device Gaofeng Wang
Sudy on he Wide Gap Dielecric Barrier Discharge Device Gaofeng Wang School of Informaion Engineering, Zhengzhou Universiy, Zhengzhou 450001, China 932167312@qq.com Keywords: DBD; Wide air gap; Plasma body;
More informationDiscrete Word Speech Recognition Using Hybrid Self-adaptive HMM/SVM Classifier
Journal of Technical Engineering Islamic Azad Universiy of Mashhad Discree Word Speech Recogniion Using Hybrid Self-adapive HMM/SVM Classifier Saeid Rahai Quchani (1) Kambiz Rahbar (2) (1)Assissan professor,
More informationSignal detection, Fouriertransformation, phase correction and quadrature detection
2/35 Signal deecion, Fourierransformaion, phase correcion and quadraure deecion Peer Schmieder Schmilka 2004 Wha is his seminar abou? Signaldeecion Wha kind of signal do we deec in NMR Fourierransformaion
More informationEECE 301 Signals & Systems Prof. Mark Fowler
EECE 3 Signals & Sysems Prof. Mark Fowler Noe Se #8 C-T Sysems: Frequency-Domain Analysis of Sysems Reading Assignmen: Secion 5.2 of Kamen and Heck /2 Course Flow Diagram The arrows here show concepual
More informationSignals and the frequency domain ENGR 40M lecture notes July 31, 2017 Chuan-Zheng Lee, Stanford University
Signals and he requency domain ENGR 40M lecure noes July 3, 07 Chuan-Zheng Lee, Sanord Universiy signal is a uncion, in he mahemaical sense, normally a uncion o ime. We oen reer o uncions as signals o
More informationECMA st Edition / June Near Field Communication Wired Interface (NFC-WI)
ECMA-373 1 s Ediion / June 2006 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Sandard ECMA-373 1 s Ediion / June 2006 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Ecma Inernaional Rue du Rhône 114
More informationPointwise Image Operations
Poinwise Image Operaions Binary Image Analysis Jana Kosecka hp://cs.gmu.edu/~kosecka/cs482.hml - Lookup able mach image inensiy o he displayed brighness values Manipulaion of he lookup able differen Visual
More informationChapter 2: Fourier Representation of Signals and Systems
Tes 1 Review Tes 1 Review Proessor Deepa Kundur Universiy o Torono Reerence: Secions: 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6 o S. Haykin and M. Moher, Inroducion o Analog & Digial
More informationISSCC 2007 / SESSION 29 / ANALOG AND POWER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES / 29.8
ISSCC 27 / SESSION 29 / ANALOG AND POWER MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES / 29.8 29.8 A 3GHz Swiching DC-DC Converer Using Clock- Tree Charge-Recycling in 9nm CMOS wih Inegraed Oupu Filer Mehdi Alimadadi, Samad Sheikhaei,
More informationA Control Technique for 120Hz DC Output Ripple-Voltage Suppression Using BIFRED with a Small-Sized Energy Storage Capacitor
90 Journal of Power Elecronics, Vol. 5, No. 3, July 005 JPE 5-3-3 A Conrol Technique for 0Hz DC Oupu Ripple-Volage Suppression Using BIFRED wih a Small-Sized Energy Sorage Capacior Jung-Bum Kim, Nam-Ju
More informationOptical Short Pulse Generation and Measurement Based on Fiber Polarization Effects
Opical Shor Pulse Generaion and Measuremen Based on Fiber Polarizaion Effecs Changyuan Yu Deparmen of Elecrical & Compuer Engineering, Naional Universiy of Singapore, Singapore, 117576 A*STAR Insiue for
More informationTELE4652 Mobile and Satellite Communications
TELE465 Mobile and Saellie Communicaions Assignmen (Due: 4pm, Monday 7 h Ocober) To be submied o he lecurer before he beginning of he final lecure o be held a his ime.. This quesion considers Minimum Shif
More informationthe next step in tyre modeling
Igo Besselink Applicaions of SWIFT-Tyre: he nex sep in yre modeling TNO Auomoive TNO Auomoive: applicaions of SWIFT-Tyre November 2001 1 Conens Relaion beween MDI and TNO Auomoive New developmens for ADAMS
More informationFROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL
FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL OBJECTIVES The objecives of his lecure are o: Inroduce sampling, he Nyquis Limi (Shannon s Sampling Theorem) and represenaion of signals in he frequency domain Inroduce basic conceps
More informationTest 1 Review. Test 1 Review. Communication Systems: Foundational Theories. Communication System. Reference: Sections and
Tes 1 Review Tes 1 Review Proessor Deepa Kundur Universiy o Torono Reerence: Secions 2.2-2.7 and 3.1-3.6 o S. Haykin and M. Moher, Inroducion o Analog & Digial Communicaions, 2nd ed., John iley & Sons,
More informationMEASUREMENTS OF VARYING VOLTAGES
MEASUREMENTS OF ARYING OLTAGES Measuremens of varying volages are commonly done wih an oscilloscope. The oscilloscope displays a plo (graph) of volage versus imes. This is done by deflecing a sream of
More informationGenerating Polar Modulation with R&S SMU200A
Rohde & Schwarz producs: SMU00 Generaing Polar Modulaion wih R&S SMU00 Polar modulaion is a mehod where digial modulaion is realized as a combinaion of phase and ampliude modulaion, raher han using an
More informationDECEMBER 15-18, 1997 ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University. Haeng Dang-Dong, Seong Dong-Ku, Seoul, KOREA
FIFTH INTERNATIONAL w CONGRESS ON SOUND DECEMBER 15-18, 1997 ADELAIDE, SOUTH AUSTRALIA AND VIBRATION A design echnique for reducing he inake noise of a vehicle Jae-Eung Oh, Kwang-Hee Han Deparmen of Mechanical
More informationEvaluation of the Digital images of Penaeid Prawns Species Using Canny Edge Detection and Otsu Thresholding Segmentation
Inernaional Associaion of Scienific Innovaion and Research (IASIR) (An Associaion Unifying he Sciences, Engineering, and Applied Research) Inernaional Journal of Emerging Technologies in Compuaional and
More informationSelf-Precharge in Single-Leg Flying Capacitor Converters
Self-Precharge in Single-Leg Flying Capacior Converers Seven Thielemans Elecrical Energy, Sysems and Auomaion Deparmen Ghen Universiy (UGen), EESA Ghen, Belgium Email: Seven.Thielemans@UGen.be Alex uderman
More informationTESTING CREEPING DISCHARGE BEHAVIOUR OF INSULATORS FOR ISOLATED LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS
IX Inernaional Symposium on Lighning Proecion 26 h -3 h November 27 Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil TESTING CREEPING DISCHARGE BEHAVIOUR OF INSULATORS FOR ISOLATED LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEMS Beierl, Omar Brocke,
More informationECMA-373. Near Field Communication Wired Interface (NFC-WI) 2 nd Edition / June Reference number ECMA-123:2009
ECMA-373 2 nd Ediion / June 2012 Near Field Communicaion Wired Inerface (NFC-WI) Reference number ECMA-123:2009 Ecma Inernaional 2009 COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT Ecma Inernaional 2012 Conens Page 1 Scope...
More informationENERGETICAL PERFORMANCES OF SINUSOIDAL PWM STRATEGY FOR THE INDUCTION MOTOR AND VOLTAGE INVERTER SYSTEM: SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH
Annals of he Universiy of Craiova, Elecrical Engineering series, No. 35, ; ISSN 84-485 ENERGEICAL PERFORMANCES OF SINUSOIDAL SRAEGY FOR HE INDUCION MOOR AND VOLAGE INVERER SYSEM: SIMULAION AND EXPERIMENAL
More informationAuto-Tuning of PID Controllers via Extremum Seeking
25 American Conrol Conference June 8-, 25. Porland, OR, USA ThA7.2 Auo-Tuning of PID Conrollers via Exremum Seeking Nick illingsworh* and Miroslav rsić Deparmen of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
More informationA Segmentation Method for Uneven Illumination Particle Images
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 5(4): 1284-1289, 2013 ISSN: 2040-7459; e-issn: 2040-7467 Maxwell Scienific Organizaion, 2013 Submied: July 17, 2012 Acceped: Augus 15, 2012
More informationPRM and VTM Parallel Array Operation
APPLICATION NOTE AN:002 M and V Parallel Array Operaion Joe Aguilar VI Chip Applicaions Engineering Conens Page Inroducion 1 High-Level Guidelines 1 Sizing he Resisor 4 Arrays of Six or More Ms 5 Sysem
More information