ETSI EN V2.1.1 ( )

Transcription

1 EN V2.1.1 ( ) HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD Cordless audio devices in the range 25 MHz to MHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU

2 2 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Reference REN/ERM-TG Keywords audio, harmonised standard, radio, radio MIC, testing 650 Route des Lucioles F Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: Fax: Siret N NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other documents is available at If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media All rights reserved. DECT TM, PLUGTESTS TM, UMTS TM and the logo are Trade Marks of registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPP TM and LTE are Trade Marks of registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. onem2m logo is protected for the benefit of its Members GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.

3 3 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Contents Intellectual Property Rights... 7 Foreword... 7 Modal verbs terminology... 7 Introduction Scope References Normative references Informative references Definitions, symbols and abbreviations Definitions Symbols Abbreviations Technical requirements specifications General Cordless audio In-vehicle cordless Personal cordless Broadband multi channel audio systems Band II LPD Consumer radio microphones In-ear monitoring Environmental profile Testing for compliance with technical requirements Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Introduction Choice of model for performance testing Definitions of alignment and switching ranges Alignment Range Choice of frequencies General Testing of single channel equipment Testing of two channel equipment Testing of multi-channel equipment (more than two channels) Testing of equipment with an external frequency control Testing of equipment with an integral antenna General Equipment with a permanent internal RF port Equipment with a temporary RF port Mechanical and electrical design General Physical Controls Performance testing with integral antenna Test conditions, power sources and ambient conditions Normal and extreme test-conditions Test power source Normal test conditions Normal temperature and humidity Normal test power source voltage Mains voltage Nickel-cadmium cells Other power sources Extreme test conditions... 17

4 4 EN V2.1.1 ( ) General Extreme temperatures General Procedures for tests at extreme temperatures Extreme test power source voltages Mains voltage Re-chargeable battery power sources Power sources using other types of batteries Other power sources General conditions for testing Band II LPD Normal test modulation Test fixture Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements Modes of operation of the transmitter Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitter Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters General Basic requirements for Band II LPD Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters of Band II LPD General Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements Test modulation Effective radiated power (e.r.p.) Definition Test procedure Limits Measurement uncertainty Occupied bandwidth Definition Test procedure Limits Measurement uncertainty Frequency error Definition Test procedure Limits Measurement uncertainty Transmitter timeout Definitions Test procedure Limits Measurement uncertainty Radiated spurious emissions Definition Measurement procedure Limits Band II LPD Combined equipments Measurement uncertainty Frequency error General Definition Method of measurement Limit Carrier power General Definition Method of measurement for equipment with integral antenna Method of measurement under normal test conditions... 27

5 5 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Method of measurement under extreme test conditions Limit Channel bandwidth General Definition Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (BN) Limits Spurious emissions and cabinet radiation Definition Method of measuring the effective radiated power Limits Measuring receiver Cordless audio transmitter shutoff General Definition Method of measurement Limits Receiver General Spurious emissions and cabinet radiation Definition Method of measuring the power level in a specified load Method of measuring the effective radiated power of the enclosure Method of measuring the effective radiated power Limits Receiver sensitivity Definition Method of measurement Limits Receiver adjacent channel selectivity Definition Method of measurement Limits Receiver blocking Definition Method of measurement Limits Measurement uncertainty Compliance assessment when measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty Compliance assessment when measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty Maximum allowable measurement uncertainties for cordless audio and radio microphones Maximum allowable measurement uncertainties for Band II LPD Annex A (informative): Annex B (normative): Relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU Measurement of Necessary Bandwidth (B) for analogue systems B.1 Test configuration for measurement of the Necessary Bandwidth (B) for analogue systems Annex C (normative): Radiated measurement C.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields C.1.1 General C.1.2 Anechoic chamber C.1.3 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane C.1.4 Open Area Test Site (OATS) C.1.5 Test antenna C.1.6 Substitution antenna C.1.7 Measuring antenna... 45

6 6 EN V2.1.1 ( ) C.1.8 C C C C Stripline arrangement General Description Calibration Mode of use C.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites C.2.1 General C.2.2 Verification of the test site C.2.3 Preparation of the DUT C.2.4 Power supplies to the DUT C.2.5 Volume control setting for analogue speech tests C.2.6 Range length C.2.7 Site preparation C.3 Coupling of signals C.3.1 General C.3.2 Data signals C.3.3 Speech and analogue signals C General C Acoustic coupler description C Calibration C.4 Standard test position C.5 Test fixture C.5.1 General C.5.2 Description C.5.3 Calibration C.5.4 Mode of use Annex D (informative): Annex E (informative): Annex F (informative): Derivation of radiated spurious emissions limit for Band II LPD Justifications for field strength measurement Typical test layout F.1 Use of vehicle power leads Annex G (informative): Annex H (informative): Bibliography Change History History... 56

7 7 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for members and non-members, and can be found in SR : "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to in respect of standards", which is available from the Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the Web server ( Pursuant to the IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in SR (or the updates on the Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.9] to provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1]. Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 and table A.2 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations. National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 6 June 2017 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2017 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2018 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2019 Modal verbs terminology In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). "must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction The present document applies to cordless audio devices in the range 25 MHz to MHz. The present document contains requirements to demonstrate that radio equipment both effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference.

8 8 EN V2.1.1 ( ) 1 Scope The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for cordless audio devices in the range 25 MHz to MHz, including: cordless headphones; cordless loudspeakers; consumer radio microphones in the range 863 MHz to 865 MHz; in-ear monitoring equipment using either 300 khz bandwidth analogue modulation or 300 khz, 600 khz, khz digital FDMA modulation in the range 863 MHz to 865 MHz; in-vehicle cordless; personal cordless; broadband multi channel audio systems; Band II LPD (low power devices) in the 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz range (Broadcasting Band II) using up to 200 khz bandwidth and analogue modulation; and other devices and frequency bands defined within CEPT/ERC/REC [i.2], European or National regulation. NOTE 1: The frequency bands for this equipment may differ from country to country as specified in their national regulations. All equipment is intended to be used with integral antennas. Table 1: Radiocommunications service frequency bands Transmit Receive Radiocommunications service frequency bands 25 MHz to MHz 25 MHz to MHz NOTE 2: Cordless audio devices covered within the present document are considered, by definition, Short Range Devices (SRD), the power limits for different frequency bands can be found in the current version of CEPT/ERC/REC [i.2], annex 13 (or European or national regulations). NOTE 3: Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN [i.4]. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited version applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] Recommendation ITU-R BS (1990): "Objective measurement of radio-frequency protection ratios in LF, MF and HF broadcasting".

9 9 EN V2.1.1 ( ) [2] IEC (1991): "Methods of measurement for radio transmitters - Part 13: Performance characteristics for FM sound broadcasting". [3] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated Emission Measurements in Electro Magnetic Interference". 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC. [i.2] CEPT/ERC/REC relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD), annex 13. [i.3] [i.4] [i.5] [i.6] [i.7] [i.8] [i.9] EN (all parts): "Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range 25 MHz to MHz". EN : "ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 9: Specific conditions for wireless microphones, similar Radio Frequency (RF) audio link equipment, cordless audio and in-ear monitoring devices; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.1(b) of Directive 2014/53/EU". EN : "IMT cellular networks; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU; Part 1: Introduction and common requirements". EN : "Global System for Mobile communications (GSM); Mobile Stations (MS) equipment; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU". EN : "ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.1(b) of Directive 2014/53/EU and the essential requirements of article 6 of Directive 2014/30/EU". CEPT/ECC Report 73: "Compatibility of SRD in the FM radio broadcasting band". Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. [i.10] European Commission: "The 'Blue Guide' on the implementation of EU products rules 2016 (2016/C 272/01)". [i.11] [i.12] TR (all parts) (2001): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". TR (all parts) ( ): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".

10 10 EN V2.1.1 ( ) 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: allocated or applicable band: frequency band as defined in radio regulations of national administrations artificial antenna: tuned reduced-radiating dummy load equal to the nominal impedance specified by the manufacturer Broadband multi channel audio systems: used for the transmission of high quality digital audio. These can be e.g. surround sound systems or uncompressed audio channel bandwidth: frequency band of defined width including safety margin for operation on adjacent channels, located symmetrically around the carrier frequency consumer radio microphones: intended for non professional applications cordless: link between at least two entities that does not require physical connection NOTE: While the term "cordless" can refer to infra-red and other non-rf "wireless" links, in the context of the present document it is restricted to RF operating systems only. integral antenna: antenna, with or without a connector, designed as, and declared as by the manufacturer, an indispensable part of the equipment integral antenna for Band II LPD only: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment In-ear monitoring: equipment which is used by stage and studio performers to receive personal fold back (monitoring) of the performance NOTE: This can be just their own voice or a complex mix of sources. This equipment is usually stereo or 2 channel audio. necessary bandwidth: for a given class of emission, width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions NOTE: However, the necessary bandwidths of most digital modulation formats are presently not referred to Recommendation ITU-Rs of SM series. nominal channel frequency: channel frequency declared by the manufacturer occupied bandwidth: width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage β/2 of the total mean power of a given emission NOTE: Unless otherwise specified in an Recommendation ITU-R for the appropriate class of emission, the value of β/2 should be taken as 0,5 %. port: any connection point on or within the Equipment Under Test (EUT) intended for the connection of cables to or from that equipment radiated measurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated electromagnetic field

11 11 EN V2.1.1 ( ) 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: λ wavelength in metres µf micro Farad µw micro Watt Ω ohm dbc db relative to the carrier level E field strength fc carrier frequency fo operating frequency GHz Giga Hertz khz kilo Hertz MHz Mega Hertz mw milli Watt nw nano Watt 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ac AF B BER BN CW dc DUT EC ECC EFTA EIRP EMC EN e.r.p. EU EUT FDMA FM GSM HF ITU-R LF LPD MF OATS RBW RMS RF SINAD SRD Tx UMTS VBW VSWR alternating current Audio Frequency channel Bandwidth Bit Error Rate Necessary Bandwidth Continuous Wave direct current Device Under Test European Commission Electronic Communications Committee European Free Trade Association Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power ElectroMagnetic Compatibility European Standard effective radiated power European Union Equipment Under Test Frequency Division Multiple Access Frequency Modulation Global System for Mobile communications High Frequency International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector Low Frequency Low Power Device Medium Frequency Open Area Test Site Resolution BandWidth Root Mean Square Radio Frequency (Signal + Noise + Distortion) over (Noise + Distortion) Short Range Devices Transmitter Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service Video BandWidth Voltage Standing Wave Ratio

12 12 EN V2.1.1 ( ) 4 Technical requirements specifications 4.0 General Equipment within the scope of the present document is described in clauses 4.1 to Cordless audio Cordless audio equipment encompasses e.g. radio linked headphones and loudspeakers. The transmitters may be installed in a building, fitted in a vehicle or body worn. Stereo equipment can be designed for required channel bandwidths of 200 khz or less, however consumer wideband (multi channel) audio equipment and stereo equipment using for example pilot tone systems or digital modulation may need wider bandwidths as defined in the present document In-vehicle cordless In-vehicle systems are used for private listening in automobiles and other methods of transport (where permitted) Personal cordless Personal cordless transmitters are to enable the body worn personal stereo equipment to be wire free Broadband multi channel audio systems Broadband multi channel systems are used for the transmission of high quality digital audio. These can be e.g. surround sound systems or uncompressed audio. They are intended to be used in spectrum above 1 GHz Band II LPD Short range low power FM transmitters operating in the FM Broadcast band 87,5 MHz to 108 MHz are used for the provision of an RF link between a personal audio device, including mobile phone, and the in-car or home entertainment system. 4.2 Consumer radio microphones Consumer radio microphones are intended for non professional applications. 4.3 In-ear monitoring In-ear monitoring equipment is used by stage and studio performers to receive personal fold back (monitoring) of the performance. This can be just their own voice or a complex mix of sources. This equipment is usually stereo or 2 channel audio. 4.4 Environmental profile The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical requirements of the present document which are identified as applicable in annex A at all times when operating within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile.

13 13 EN V2.1.1 ( ) 5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements 5.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Introduction Each equipment submitted for performance testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all channels over which it is intended to operate. The manufacturer shall complete the appropriate test plan when submitting equipment for testing. The manufacturer shall state the frequency range over which the equipment is designed to operate. The manufacturer shall also supply all relevant interface information and any tools and test fixtures to allow: direct current (dc) power connection; analogue audio connection; the deviation limiting of the transmitter; and the setting of any input audio level controls and input signal level for normal operation, for a sinusoidal input signal of 500 Hz (or 1kHz in the case of Band II LPD). The manufacturer shall specify the settings of any other controls necessary to avoid invalidating the test measurements. In the case of Band II LPD it may be necessary, for integrated equipment, to create a stored data file of 1 khz stereo sinusoidal tones to stimulate the input to the transmitter. The amplitude of such tones should be variable (but the same amplitude for each tone) to enable the correct adjustment of ±75 khz FM deviation of the transmitter output. Besides the technical documentation, the manufacturer should also supply an operating manual, identical in content to that supplied with the production model(s) available to the public, for the device(s). To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between manufacturers and test laboratories, measurements shall be performed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in clauses to These clauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met without the necessity of performing measurements on all channels Choice of model for performance testing The manufacturer shall provide one sample of each model to be tested. The equipment tested shall be representative in all technical respects of a production model Definitions of alignment and switching ranges The alignment range is defined as the frequency range over which the receiver and the transmitter can be programmed and/or re-aligned to operate with a single oscillator frequency multiplication, without any physical change of components other than: programmable read only memories supplied by the manufacturer or the manufacturer's nominee; crystals; frequency setting elements (for the receiver and transmitter). These elements shall not be accessible to the end user and shall be declared by the manufacturer in the application form. The switching range is the maximum frequency range over which the receiver or the transmitter can be operated without without hardware or software modifications.

14 14 EN V2.1.1 ( ) The manufacturer shall, when submitting equipment for test, state the alignment ranges for the receiver and transmitter. The manufacturer shall also state the switching range of the receiver and the transmitter (which may differ). In the case of Band II LPD the transmitter frequency range shall be limited to 87,6 MHz to 107,9 MHz Alignment Range The alignment range for the receiver and transmitter, which may be different, shall be within the applicable band Choice of frequencies General The frequencies for testing shall be chosen by the manufacturer. In the case of Band II LPD the transmitter carrier frequency shall be between 87,6 MHz to 107,9 MHz and the frequency producing the highest radiated output power shall be chosen Testing of single channel equipment Unless specified by the method of measurement, tests shall be carried out on an RF channel closest to the centre frequency of the alignment range on one sample of the equipment Testing of two channel equipment Unless specified by the method of measurement, one sample shall be submitted to enable full tests to be carried out on the highest frequency and the lowest frequency of the switching range Testing of multi-channel equipment (more than two channels) One sample of the equipment shall be submitted to enable tests to be carried out on three RF channels. The closest centre frequency of the switching range of the sample shall correspond to the closest centre frequency of the alignment range. Unless specified by the method of measurement, tests shall be carried out on a frequency closest to the centre frequency, and at the lowest and highest frequencies of the switching range Testing of equipment with an external frequency control One sample shall be submitted to enable tests to be performed across the entire frequency band allowed by the frequency control setting. The following tests shall be performed at either edge of the tuneable range of the equipment: clause 8.4: Frequency error; clause 8.5: Carrier power; clause 8.6: Channel bandwidth. The following tests shall be performed with the frequency set to the middle of the tuneable range of the equipment: clause 8.7: Spurious emissions; clause 8.8: Transmitter shutoff.

15 15 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Testing of equipment with an integral antenna General To facilitate relative measurements, use may be made of a test fixture as described in clause 7.3, or the equipment may be supplied with a permanent internal or temporary internal/external RF port. This clause does not apply to Band II LPD Equipment with a permanent internal RF port The way to access a permanent internal RF port shall be stated by the manufacturer with the aid of a diagram. The fact that use has been made of a permanent internal RF port shall be recorded in the test report Equipment with a temporary RF port The manufacturer shall submit two sets of equipment to the test laboratory, one fitted with a temporary 50 Ω RF connector with the antenna disconnected and the other with the antenna connected. Each equipment shall be used for the appropriate tests. The way the temporary RF port is implemented shall be stated by the manufacturer with the aid of a diagram. The fact that use has been made of the temporary RF port to facilitate measurements shall be stated in the test report. The addition of a temporary RF port should not influence the performance of the EUT. 5.2 Mechanical and electrical design General The equipment submitted by the manufacturer shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with sound engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services and promoting efficient spectrum use. For further information please refer to the Blue Guide [i.10] Physical Controls Manufacturers shall use their best endeavour to ensure that the end user is unable to modify the equipment in a way which would affect the radio frequency performance of the system Performance testing with integral antenna Approval of equipment with integral antenna only applies to that equipment together with the antenna originally supplied by the manufacturer for conformance testing. 6 Test conditions, power sources and ambient conditions 6.1 Normal and extreme test-conditions The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 6.2 to

16 16 EN V2.1.1 ( ) 6.2 Test power source During performance tests the power source of the equipment may be replaced by a test power source, capable of producing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in clauses and The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible. For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the equipment. For battery-operated equipment, the battery may be removed and the test power source shall be suitably decoupled and applied as close to the equipment battery terminals as practicable. For radiated measurements any external power leads should be arranged so as not to affect the measurements. If necessary the external power supply may be replaced with the equipment's own internal batteries at the required voltage, this shall be stated on the test report. If the equipment is provided with a power cable or power socket, the test voltage shall be that measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment. During tests the power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of < ±1 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test. The value of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance provides a better uncertainty value for these measurements. If internal batteries are used, at the end of each test the voltage shall be within a tolerance of < ±1 % relative to the voltage at the beginning of each test. 6.3 Normal test conditions Normal temperature and humidity The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and humidity within the following ranges: temperature: +15 C to +35 C; relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %. When it is impracticable to carry out the tests under the conditions stated above, a note to this effect, stating the actual temperature and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report Normal test power source voltage Mains voltage The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared mains voltage, or any of the declared mains voltages, for which the equipment was designed. The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the alternating current (ac) mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz Nickel-cadmium cells When the radio equipment is intended for operation from the usual types of nickel-cadmium cell the nominal test voltage shall be 1,2 V per cell Other power sources For operation from other power sources or types of battery (primary or secondary), the normal test voltage shall be that declared by the equipment manufacturer, in equipment handbook and approved by the test laboratory. The values shall be stated in the test report.

17 17 EN V2.1.1 ( ) 6.4 Extreme test conditions General There are no requirements for testing Band II LPD under extreme test conditions Extreme temperatures General For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in clause , at a temperature range declared by the manufacturer Procedures for tests at extreme temperatures Before measurements are made the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment shall be switched off during the temperature stabilizing period. If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature-stabilizing period of at least one hour shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be chosen and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur. Before tests at the higher temperatures, the equipment shall be placed in the test chamber and left until thermal balance is attained. The equipment shall then be switched on for one minute in the transmit condition, after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements. For tests at the lower extreme temperature the equipment shall be left in the test chamber until thermal balance is attained, then switched to the standby or receive condition for one minute after which the equipment shall meet the specified requirements Extreme test power source voltages Mains voltage The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage ±10 %. The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz Re-chargeable battery power sources When the radio equipment is intended for operation from nickel-cadmium cells, the extreme test voltage shall be 1,3 and 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery. For other types of battery the lower extreme test voltage for discharged condition shall be declared by the equipment manufacturer Power sources using other types of batteries The lower extreme test voltages for equipment with power sources using primary batteries shall be as follows: for Leclanché or lithium type of battery: - 0,85 times the nominal voltage of the battery; for mercury type of battery: - 0,9 times the nominal voltage of the battery;

18 18 EN V2.1.1 ( ) for other types of primary batteries: - end-point voltage declared by the equipment manufacturer. The nominal voltage is considered to be the upper extreme test voltage in this case Other power sources For equipment using other power sources, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources, the extreme test voltages shall be those agreed between the equipment manufacturer and the testing laboratory and shall be recorded with the results. 7 General conditions for testing 7.1 Band II LPD Clauses 7.2 to 7.6 do not apply to Band II LPD. 7.2 Normal test modulation The normal test modulation to produce the declared nominal deviation shall be a sinusoidal tone of 500 Hz, set at an input audio level to the transmitter as defined by the manufacturer. In the case of systems with a digital audio input this test signal has to be presented via a suitable test fixture. The manufacturer shall provide details on the interface and test fixture used for the test. For the purpose of determining the transmitter necessary bandwidth, coloured noise according to Recommendation ITU-R BS [1] shall be used, according to the method laid down in clause The resulting spectral distribution is shown in figure 1. This noise may be generated by a white noise source followed by a passive filter shown in figure 2.

19 19 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Frequency (Hz) Curve A = Frequency spectrum of standardized noise (measured with one-third octave filters). Curve B = Frequency response characteristics of filter circuit. Figure 1: Spectral distribution for determining transmitter necessary bandwidth 600 Ω 0,68 uf 0,27 H 3,5 k Ω R < 100 Ω 700 Ω 2,4 k Ω R > = 5 k Ω s 0,8 H 1 uf Figure 2: Filter circuit 7.3 Test fixture The manufacturer may be required to supply a test fixture suitable to allow relative measurements to be made on the submitted sample, particularly in the case of digital equipment. In all cases, the test fixture shall provide: a connection to an external power supply; an analogue audio interface (in the case of digital systems this can be a complex interface).

20 20 EN V2.1.1 ( ) In addition, the test fixture for integral antenna equipment shall contain a radio frequency coupling device associated with an integral antenna equipment for coupling the integral antenna to an RF port at the working frequencies of the EUT. This allows certain measurements to be performed using the conducted measurement methods. Only relative measurements may be performed and only those at or near frequencies for which the test fixture has been calibrated. The performance characteristics of the test fixture shall be agreed upon with the accredited test laboratory and shall conform to the following basic parameters: the circuitry associated with the RF coupling shall contain no active or non-linear devices; the coupling loss shall not influence the measuring results; the coupling loss shall be independent of the position of the test fixture and be unaffected by the proximity of surrounding objects or people; the coupling loss shall be reproducible when the EUT is removed and replaced; the coupling loss shall remain substantially constant when the environmental conditions are varied. 7.4 Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements For guidance on radiation test sites, and detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements, see annex C. 7.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter For the purpose of the measurements according to the present document there should preferably be a facility to operate the transmitter in an unmodulated state. The method of achieving an unmodulated carrier frequency or special types of modulation patterns may also be decided by agreement between the manufacturer and the testing laboratory. It shall be described in the test report. It may involve suitable temporary internal modifications of the EUT. Should it not be possible to produce an unmodulated signal, the peak envelope power is to be measured. The manufacturer shall specify in accordance with clauses 8.4 and Arrangement for test signals at the input of the transmitter For the purpose of the present document, the appropriate audio frequency input signal to produce the manufacturer's declared nominal deviation shall be supplied by a generator at the correct impedance applied at the connections of the stated audio input, unless otherwise stated. For digital systems a nominal input level, as specified in clause 7.2, shall be supplied by a generator at the correct impedance applied at the connections of the stated audio input of the test fixture. 8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters 8.1 General All tests shall be carried out under normal conditions unless otherwise stated. Presentation of equipment for testing shall be carried out in accordance with clause 5.1.

21 21 EN V2.1.1 ( ) 8.2 Basic requirements for Band II LPD The following conditions shall be met by all Band II LPD: Band II LPD shall have an "integral antenna" (refer to clause 3.1 Definitions: "integral antenna for Band II LPD only"). The user interface of the band II LPD shall permit as a minimum the selection of any and all possible frequencies within the 88,1 MHz to 107,9 MHz and as a maximum 87,6 MHz to 107,9 MHz frequency range using one of the frequency step sizes below. Band II LPD shall operate on selectable frequencies within the specified frequency range using a 50 khz, 100 khz or 200 khz frequency step size. For testing purposes only, a test mode may be provided to allow continuous carrier transmission without the need for a modulating audio frequency input signal. 8.3 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters of Band II LPD General The following clauses specify the individual test requirements and limits for compliance to the present document. The radiated power and radiated spurious emissions measurements shall be carried out in both vertical and horizontal polarization of the measurement antenna. The device shall be tested as a battery powered device unless a physically permanent connector is present for connection to an external power supply. (See annexes C and F.) Devices having the possibility of connection to an external power supply shall be tested in this mode. The manufacturer shall provide installation instructions to the user for transmitters that are connected to the vehicle power supply via a separate power lead Test site and general arrangements for radiated measurements The test measurements may be made at a separation minimum distance of three (3) metres to a maximum separation distance of 10 metres within a fully lined anechoic chamber. The test antenna shall be aligned at a height of 1,5 metres with the EUT antenna that has been placed upon a rotating turntable at the same height. This test would normally be performed at a distance of 10 m, whenever feasible. However, due to the difficulty of measuring low power devices the measurements may be carried out at other distances within a fully lined anechoic chamber. In this case the compliance limits are modified according to the relationship: Limit (xm) = Limit (10m) + 20 log (10/x); where x = separation distance. The dimensions of the integral transmitter antenna would normally be less than λ/10 and therefore the separation distance at 3 metres is better than 2(d^2) / λ and as a consequence can be considered as being in the far field. See annexes D, E and F for additional information. For testing purposes all temporary power cables shall be installed in accordance with clause C.2.3. An example of a typical test arrangement is given in annex F for LPD Band II transmitters that may be installed within a vehicle and attached to the vehicle power supply via a power lead and power adaptor.

22 22 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Test modulation The EUT shall be modulated by a 1 khz sinusoidal tone, fed to each stereo channel input, at a level, as specified by the manufacturer, to give a ±75 khz FM deviation of the transmitter output. NOTE: It may be necessary for integrated (or combined) equipment to create a stored data file of 1 khz stereo or mono sinusoidal tones (equal amplitudes for stereo) to stimulate the input to the transmitter. The amplitude of such tones should be variable to enable the correct adjustment of ±75 khz FM deviation of the transmitter output Effective radiated power (e.r.p.) Definition The effective radiated power is defined as the rms carrier power that the transmitter radiates according to manufacturers specified conditions of operation Test procedure Install the Equipment Under Test (EUT) on the test site in accordance with clause Apply the test modulation to the EUT in accordance with clause Adjust the test modulation amplitude to give a FM deviation of ±75 khz. The test receiver/spectrum analyser shall be set as follows: resolution bandwidth = 10 khz; video bandwidth 30 khz; frequency span = 500 khz; detector = rms; and display = maximum hold. This conformance test is carried out at the frequency producing the highest output power. Interrupt the audio modulation to the transmitter and measure the carrier power at the test frequency on the measuring receiver/spectrum analyser. NOTE: The interruption of the audio input allows the FM carrier power to be measured on the measuring receiver/spectrum analyser Limits The limits for effective radiated power shall conform to table 2. Table 2: Limits for effective radiated power Radiated field Radiated field Radiated power limit strength at 10 m strength at 3 m 50 nw e.r.p. (-43 dbm e.r.p.) 42,2 dbµv/m 52,2 dbµv/m Measurement uncertainty The maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty for effective radiated power shall be ±6 db.

23 23 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Occupied bandwidth Definition The transmitter occupied bandwidth is defined as that radiated transmitter bandwidth that complies with the channel bandwidth and out of band emissions requirements. It is normally defined as a transmitter mask Test procedure Install the Equipment Under Test (EUT) on the test site in accordance with clause Apply the test modulation to the EUT in accordance with clause Adjust the test modulation amplitude to give a FM deviation of to give ±75 khz. The test receiver/spectrum analyser shall be set as follows: resolution bandwidth = 10 khz; video bandwidth 30 khz; frequency span = 500 khz; detector = rms; and display = maximum hold. This conformance test is carried out at the frequency producing the highest output power Limits The transmitter mask shall conform to table 3. Table 3: Transmitter mask Offset from carrier frequency Radiated emission limit (e.r.p.) Radiated field strength at 10 m Radiated field strength at 3 m -120 khz 3 nw (see note) 30 dbµv/m 40 dbµv/m -75 khz 50 nw 42,2 dbµv/m 52,2 dbµv/m -50 khz 50 nw 42,2 dbµv/m 52,2 dbµv/m 0 50 nw 42,2 dbµv/m 52,2 dbµv/m +50 khz 50 nw 42,2 dbµv/m 52,2 dbµv/m +75 khz 50 nw 42,2 dbµv/m 52,2 dbµv/m +120 khz 3 nw (see note) 30 dbµv/m 40 dbµv/m NOTE: See annex D for the derivation of these limits. The radiated emission may be measured as e.r.p. using a suitable substitution method and calibrated reference dipoles provided that the measurement is made under far field conditions (see annex E). However, the measurement shall still be made in a full anechoic chamber with no height search Measurement uncertainty The maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty for radiated emissions shall be ±6 db Frequency error Definition Frequency error is defined as the difference in Hz between the nominal channel frequency and the actual transmitted frequency of the unmodulated carrier.

24 24 EN V2.1.1 ( ) Test procedure Install the Equipment Under Test (EUT) on the test site in accordance with clause Apply the test modulation to the EUT in accordance with clause Adjust the test modulation amplitude to give a FM deviation of ±75 khz. The test receiver/spectrum analyser shall be set as follows: resolution bandwidth = 10 khz; video bandwidth = > 30 khz; and frequency span = 500 khz; detector = rms; display = normal. This conformance test is carried out at the top, middle and bottom frequency channels over the frequency range of the EUT. Interrupt the audio modulation to the transmitter and measure the carrier frequency on the measuring receiver/spectrum analyser. NOTE: The interruption of the audio input allows the FM carrier frequency to be measured on the measuring receiver/spectrum analyser. Compare the measured frequency with the nominal channel frequency Limits The frequency error shall not exceed the nominal channel frequency ±10 khz Measurement uncertainty The maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty for frequency error shall be ±100 Hz Transmitter timeout Definitions The transmitter timeout is the time from the moment where the audio input signal is removed until the transmitter stops transmitting or reduces the radiated power to maximum 3 nw e.r.p Test procedure Install the Equipment Under Test (EUT) on the test site in accordance with clause Apply the test modulation to the EUT in accordance with clause Adjust the test modulation amplitude to give a FM deviation of ±75 khz. The test receiver/spectrum analyser shall be set as follows: resolution bandwidth = 10 khz; video bandwidth = > 30 khz; and frequency span = 500 khz; detector = rms;