Resonator System for the BEST 70MeV Cyclotron
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1 Resonator System for the BEST 70MeV Cyclotron 20 nd International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications Vancouver, Canada, September 16-20, 2013 Vasile Sabaiduc, Dipl. Eng. Accelerator Technology Eng. Mng. RF Senior Eng.
2 BEST 70MeV Cyclotron is developed for radioisotope production and research purpose. General description Resonator System Electromagnetic simulations Mechanical model Cold test set-up RF Power Amplifier LLRF Control OVERVIEW
3 General description The RF system has been designed for the following cyclotron characteristics: Maximum acceleration energy of 70MeV Beam intensity of 700μA of negative hydrogen ions Beam power minimum 49kW Two separated RF Systems
4 General description Tuner Tuner Motor M Motor Coupler M Tuner fix Dee #1 Dee #2 RF Pick-up RF Pick-up Coupler Tuner fix M Motor Motor M Phase Phase Power monitor RFL RFL Power monitor RF Amp RF Amp LLRF Digital Control START logic CW/Pulse operation RF Conditioning Master/Slave LLRF Digital Control START logic CW/Pulse operation RF Conditioning Cyclotron Supervisory PLC Operation control Interlock & Safety
5 General description Tuner Tuner Motor M Motor Coupler M Tuner fix Dee #1 Dee #2 RF Pick-up RF Pick-up Coupler Tuner fix M Motor Motor M Phase Power RFL monitor RF systems interconnected only at the LLRF control RFL Phase Power monitor RF Amp RF Amp LLRF Digital Control START logic CW/Pulse operation RF Conditioning Master/Slave LLRF Digital Control START logic CW/Pulse operation RF Conditioning Cyclotron Supervisory PLC Operation control Interlock & Safety
6 General description Tuner Tuner Motor M Motor Coupler M Tuner fix Dee #1 Dee #2 RF Pick-up RF Pick-up Coupler Tuner fix M Motor Motor M Phase Power RFL monitor RF systems interconnected only at the LLRF control RFL Phase Power monitor RF Amp LO synchronisation CLOCK signals M/S operation RF Amp LLRF Digital Control START logic CW/Pulse operation RF Conditioning Master/Slave LLRF Digital Control START logic CW/Pulse operation RF Conditioning Cyclotron Supervisory PLC Operation control Interlock & Safety
7 General description Tuner Tuner Motor M Motor Coupler M Tuner fix Dee #1 Dee #2 RF Pick-up RF Pick-up Coupler Tuner fix M Motor Motor M Phase Power RFL monitor RF systems interconnected only at the LLRF control RFL Phase Power monitor RF Amp LO synchronisation CLOCK signals M/S operation RF Amp LLRF Digital Control START logic CW/Pulse operation RF Conditioning Master/Slave LLRF Digital Control START logic CW/Pulse operation High level operation RF Conditioning Cyclotron Supervisory PLC Operation control Interlock & Safety
8 General description Advantages of separated resonator design: Symmetrical dee voltage distribution Reduced coupling power per cavity, coupler design less critical Reduces cavity mismatch with beam loading, lower VSWR Allows beam intensity control through phase and amplitude modulation of the accelerating field between the dees.
9 Initial requirements Parameter Number of dees Frequency Center region accep. Dee angle Value Two λ/2 resonant cavities placed in opposite valleys shielded at the tip 56.2MHz (4 th harmonic) ±25 degrees 30 degree dee tip 36 degree to dee end Quality Factor 8000 to Average shunt impedance Dissipated power Dee voltage Amplitude stability 5 x 10-4 Phase stability 150kΩ minimum 12 to 15kW (per cavity) 60kV dee tip, increasing to outer radius ±0.1 degree
10 Latest simulation results Parameter Number of dees Frequency Center region accep. Dee angle Value Quality Factor 6800 Average shunt impedance Dissipated power Dee voltage Two λ/2 resonant cavities placed in opposite valleys shielded at the tip 56.2MHz (4 th harmonic) ±25 degrees Amplitude stability 5 x 10-4 Phase stability 30 degree dee tip 36 degree to dee end 103kΩ minimum 17.3kW (per cavity) 60kV dee tip, 70.4kV to outer radius ±0.1 degree
11 Resonator system Two λ/2 resonant cavities, single stem design Each cavity equipped with: Capacitive coupling, movable coupler for beam load compensation Movable tuning for phase loop control Fix tuner for cavity resonant frequency compensation between the different dee tip configuration Thermal probes, three probes per cavity placed close to the high current density locations
12 Electromagnetic model simulations Electric field distribution Median plan Dee tip, smallest radius 15.4MV/m 1.70 K limit Tip to CR 9.5MV/m 1.03 K limit First turn 9.9MV/m 1.07 K limit Middle 3.1MV/m 0.34 K limit End 5MV/m 0.54 K limit
13 Electromagnetic model simulations Surface currents distribution Surface currents on the resonator and stem, maximum 5200 A/m Surface currents on the ground plate, maximum 3200 A/m
14 Dee voltage profile Radial Voltage Profile Freq (MHz) 56.2 Power (kw) 17.3 Q factor 6800 Shunt Impedance (kω) 103 V_tip (kv) 60.0 Voltage (kv) Radius (mm) Simulation V_outer (kv) 70.3 Calculated
15 Power estimate Total Simulated Power Loss (kw) Total Theoretical Power Loss (kw) Extraction side 1.85 Injection side 1.60 Stems (top and bottom) 9.85 Short circuit 0.40 Coupling mismatch 0.15 Other unevaluated losses 0.15
16 Mechanical model Cavity #1 Cavity #2 Resonator material: Oxygen Free High Conductivity (OFHC)
17 Mechanical model Cavity #1 Cavity #2 Resonator material: Oxygen Free High Conductivity (OFHC)
18 Coupling and tuning mechanisms Movable tuner 112kHz Fix tuner 400kHz Movable coupler
19 Tuning range Frequency Range with One or Two Tuners Moving 54.0 Frequency (MHz) Two Tuners: Δf = 824Khz One Tuner: Δf = 444kHz Tuner-Dee Separation (mm)
20 Coupler matching P cavity = 14kW, P beam = 24.5kW (700μA beam) Optimum Coupler Matching with beam loading y = e x Quality Factor y = e x y = e x dia=60mm dia=80mm dia=100mm = 7300 Q_int Q_ext = 2660 Expon. (dia=60mm) 2000 Expon. (dia=80mm) Expon. (dia=100mm) Separation (mm)
21 Mechanical deflection Maximum deflection of 0.16mm at the end of the dee plate assembly where an additional distributed load of 2kg has been added to make up for the contact finger pressure coming from the upper plate
22 Thermal simulation 7.6 kw input power 2.4 kw cooled on dee plate 5.2 kw cooled in stem Imported Heat Load imported CST surface currents 20deg DI water supply turbulent flow, 12 L/min per circuit
23 Frequency cold test set-up Cold test frame (aluminum structure)
24 Frequency cold test set-up Cold test frame (aluminum structure)
25 RF Power amplifier Resonator dissipated power: P res 14kW (x 2) Beam power: P beam = 700μA x 70MV = 49 kw Total power: P t = 77kW Adding 20% safety margin: P operational = 92.4kW Two 55kW separate amplifiers Local/Remote control monitoring Cyclotron PLC system
26 Amplifier characteristics Item Power Output Stability Modulation Frequency Cavity Efficiency Water cooled tube Harmonic content Output connector Value 55kW (tunable to 65kW) Better than ±10% over 8 55kW CW, Pulse 56.0MHZ (2MHz bandwidth) Strip line Approx. 62% (final stage) 3CW40000A7, high μ triode -25dBc (all harmonics) 4-1/16 EAI flange
27 Amplifier block diagram Power Supply Power Supply (HV, filament) Power Supply (HV, filament) Through line wattmeter Pre- Ampl 250W Driver 3kW Power Ampl 55kW REV FWD Interlock and metering Interface PLC
28 Amplifiers successfully tested 48 hours endurance test at full operational power of 55kW
29 LLRF Control Poster TUPPT024 Versatile digital LLRF control for the full range of BEST Medical cyclotrons Frequency selectable MHz depending on system Single or double resonator configuration Optional addition of buncher control System successfully integrated on a single resonator 73 MHz cyclotron
30 Poster TUPPT024 LLRF Control architecture Analog RF front- and back-end Digital Control Card Motor drives Power supplies
31 Poster TUPPT024 LLRF Control architecture Analog RF front- and back-end Digital Control Card Motor drives Power supplies Frequency mixing down to constant IF I/Q modulation and digitization Digital signal processing I/Q digital output Frequency mixing up to operating frequency
32 Poster TUPPT024 LLRF Control performance test The design and production of a fully digital LLRF controller has been completed Integration testing on a single resonator cyclotron shows good initial results Double resonator cyclotron integration in progress Beam pulsing techniques using resonator phase modulation will be developed
33 Visit us at:
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