SPAF 340 C Frequency Relay

Transcription

1 SPAF 0 C Frequency Relay User s manual and Technical description U n = 00V/0V/5V/0V 5 U f f < > < > df dt IRF SPAF 0 C V ~ V U aux OPERATION INDICATORS U U U SPCF D5 0 Stage Start Stage Trip Stage Start Stage Trip 5 Stage Start 6 Stage Trip 7 Stage Start 8 Stage Trip 9 Rec. Due A Rec. Over RESET f n [ Hz ] STEP U < / U n f [ Hz ] t > [ s ] f [ Hz ] t > [ s ] f [ Hz ] t > [ s ] f [ Hz ] t > [ s ] df/ dt [ Hz / s ] f [ Hz ] t r > [ s ] SGF SGB SGR TRIP 078A RS Ser.No. 00A SPCF D5 006A SPC A SPC 000

2 MRS MUM EN Issued Modified Version D Checked PS Approved MÖ SPAF 0 C Frequency Relay Data subject to change without notice Contents Features... Application... Description of operation... Connections (modified 00-09)... Specification of input and output terminals (modified 00-0)... 6 Operation indicators... 7 I/O module... 8 Power supply module... 8 Technical data (modified 00-0)... 8 Applications (modified 00-09)... Testing... 0 Maintenance and repair... Spare parts... Order numbers... Dimension drawings and mounting... Ordering information... In addition to the general part, the complete manual of the frequency relay SPAF 0 C includes the following relay module descriptions: Combined frequency and rate of change of frequency relay module General characteristics of D-type SPC relay modules MRS MUM EN MRS MUM EN Features Single-phase four-stage combined overfrequency/underfrequency relay Each protection stage includes a frequency rate of change function (df/dt), which can be used alone or in combination with the overfrequency/ underfrequency function. Each protection stage includes two separate adjustable timers Recovery function Programmable undervoltage blocking Four rated voltages, to be selected in the software Adjustable rated frequency Five external control inputs enabling separate blocking of each stage, etc. Eight freely configurable output relays and selfsupervision output relay Four trip contacts Recording of measured data, which can be used for analysing the network condition. Transfer of data over serial communication bus Continuous self-supervision with internal fault diagnosis Reading and writing of setting values via display and front panel push-buttons, a PC with setting software or from higher system levels over the serial bus.

3 Application The frequency relay SPAF 0 C is specially designed to be used for automatic disconnection of loads in situations, where the loads connected to the network exceed the available power capacity of the network. Such a power deficiency causes the frequency of the network to drop at a rate of change that is directly proportional to the power deficiency and inversely proportional to the rotating mass of the generators connected to the network. The SPAF 0 C relay allows -step load-shedding and is capable of operating four circuit breakers. A total of eight timers, freely selectable relay outputs and the df/dt function of the relay enable a load-shedding logic, which can sense the rate of change of the network frequency as well. In addition, the frequency relay SPAF 0 C can be used for protecting generators, large synchronous motors and other electrical equipment against overfrequency and underfrequency. Description of operation The frequency relay SPAF 0 C is a secondary relay, which is connected to the voltage transformers of the network section to be protected. The relay incorporates one relay module: the combined frequency and rate of change of frequency module type SPCF D5. Combined frequency and rate of change of frequency relay module The relay module includes four protection stages, each of which with its own frequency function (f), its own rate of change of frequency function (df/dt) and two adjustable operate times (t and t ). When the frequency limit of a stage is set below the rated frequency, the protection stage operates as an underfrequency stage. Correspondingly, the stage has the function of an overfrequency stage, when the frequency level is set above the rated frequency. The frequency setting cannot be the same as the rated frequency. The operation of the df/dt function of a protection stage is based on the same principle as the frequency function, which means that if a protection stage operates as an underfrequency stage, the sign of the df/dt function is negative. Then the df/dt function starts once the absolute value of the rate of frequency drop exceeds the df/dt limit. When required, the frequency function and the df/dt function can be combined so that the criteria for operation of both functions have to be fulfilled at the same time. Once a preset condition is fulfilled, the stage starts and, at the same time, it activates a timing circuit. No start signal can be programmed for the output relays. When the stage times out, the relay produces a trip signal. The trip signal can be linked to the desired output relay.

4 f Connections (modified 00-09) U5 00V 00V 00V 5A A 5A A 5A A 00V 5A A X a d n N A Uaux BS BS BS5 BS BS X X0 6 6 ~_ = + - U BS BS BS5 BS BS df/dt + (~) - (~) IRF SS TS SS TS SS TS SS TS X 5 6 X X X 9 0 X X 7 8 X 5 6 X 5 6 X IRF SS TS SS TS SS TS SS TS I/O SPA-ZC_ Rx Tx SERIAL PORT (SPA) Fig.. Connection diagram for frequency relay SPAF 0 C

5 U aux TS...TS SS...SS IRF BS...BS5 U SERIAL PORT SPA-ZC_ Rx/Tx Auxiliary voltage Output relays (heavy-duty) Output relays Self-supervision output relay Control signals Combined frequency and rate of change of frequency relay module Serial communication port Bus connection module Fibre-optic cable connection X I L X0 6 6 U aux IRF SS SS SS SS TS TS Made in Finland =6 Serial Port SPA BS BS BS5 BS BS TS TS X I L I L U I U U U Fig.. Terminals of frequency relay SPAF 0 C 5

6 Specification of input and output terminals (modified 00-0) Terminal Terminal Function group interval X0 - Phase current I L 5 A *) - Phase current I L A *) -5 Phase current I L 5 A *) -6 Phase current I L A *) 7-8 Phase current I L 5 A *) 7-9 Phase current I L A *) - Phase-to-phase voltage U 00 V 6-7 Phase-to-phase voltage U 00 V *) 8-9 Phase-to-phase voltage U 00 V *) 5-6 Neutral current I 0 A *) 5-7 Neutral current I 0 0. A *) 8-9 Residual voltage U 0 00 V *) *) Inputs not used by the relay module SPCF D5. The inputs can be used for recording the signals via the disturbance recorder SPCR 8C7. X0 6-6 Auxiliary voltage supply. The positive pole of the DC supply is connected to terminal 6. The auxiliary voltage range is marked on the front plate. 6 Protective earth X - External blocking signal BS - External blocking signal BS 5-6 External blocking signal BS5 7-8 External blocking signal BS 9-0 External blocking signal BS X - Output relay TS (heavy-duty) - Output relay TS (heavy-duty) X 5-6 Output relay TS (heavy-duty) --- Output relay TS (heavy-duty; terminals and to be connected together, unless two-pole control is used) X 5-6 Output relay SS 7-8 Output relay SS 9-0- Output relay SS - Output relay SS -5-6 Output relay IRF The protection relay connects to the fibre-optic data bus via the bus connection module SPA- ZC 7 or SPA-ZC to be fitted to the D connector on the rear panel of the relay. The optical fibres are connected to the counter contacts Rx and Tx of the module. The selector switches of the bus connection module should be in the position "SPA". 6

7 Operation indicators U n = 00V/0V/5V/0V 5 U f f < > < > df dt IRF SPAF 0 C V ~ V U aux OPERATION INDICATORS U U U SPCF D5 0 Stage Start Stage Trip Stage Start Stage Trip 5 Stage Start 6 Stage Trip 7 Stage Start 8 Stage Trip 9 Rec. Due A Rec. Over RESET f n [ Hz ] STEP U < / U n f [ Hz ] t > [ s ] f [ Hz ] t > [ s ] f [ Hz ] t > [ s ] f [ Hz ] t > [ s ] df/ dt [ Hz / s ] f [ Hz ] t r > [ s ] SGF SGB SGR TRIP 078A RS Ser.No. 00A SPCF D5 006A SPC A SPC 000 Fig.. Front panel of frequency relay SPAF 0 C. The green LED indicator U aux on the system panel is lit when the power supply is operating.. Measured values, settings and start and trip data are indicated on the display. Starting and tripping are indicated by a red operation code to the left of the display. The operation codes are explained in the descriptions of the relay modules and on the system panel of the frequency relay. Start indications can be programmed to remain lit, even though the stage resets. In general, the numbers indicating start are automatically reset, whereas trip codes have to be manually reset by pressing the RESET pushbutton. The TRIP indicator at the bottom part of the front panel can be set to indicate tripping of any stage. The BS_ signals can be configured to automatically reset the trip indicators. A non-reset operation indicator does not affect the operation of the relay module.. A measured or set value presented on the display is identified by yellow LEDs on the front panel.. A permanent fault detected by the selfsupervision system is indicated by the IRF indicator of the concerned relay module and a fault code on the display of the relay module. The fault code should be recorded to facilitate maintenance and repair. The operation indicators are described in more detail in the descriptions of the relay modules. 7

8 I/O module The I/O module SPTR 9B5 of the frequency relay is located in the rear part of the relay, and placed in the same direction as the mother PC board. The module can be withdrawn after undoing the fixing screws and disconnecting the protective earth conductor and the flat cable connected to the mother PC board. The I/O module contains the output relays (8 + IRF), the control circuits of the relays, the electronic circuits of the five control inputs and the D connector required for the serial communication. The input and output signals of the I/O module are linked to the mother PC board over the flat cable. The relay module locations U, U and U are identical. The output signals SS...SS and TS...TS of the mother PC board control an output relay with the same designation. The operation of a stage is not fixed to a specific output relay, but can be configured for the desired relay. However, it should be noted that the output relays TS...TS can be used for circuit breaker control. The configuration of the switchgroups is described in the module-specific manuals. The switchgroups of the relay modules are used for configuring the external control inputs, which can be used for blocking one or several protection stages, resetting operation indicators or selecting second settings, etc. Power supply module The power supply module forms the voltages required by the relay modules and the auxiliary relay module. The power supply module is situated behind the system panel of the relay and it can be withdrawn after removal of the system panel. The power supply module is available in two versions with the following input voltages: SPGU 0 A: - rated voltage U n = 0/0/0/0 V ac U n = 0/5/0 V ac/dc - operative range U = V ac/dc SPGU 8B - rated voltage U n = /8/60 V dc - operative range U = V dc The voltage range of the power supply module of the relay is marked on the system panel of the relay. The power supply module is transformer-connected, i.e. the primary circuits and the secondary circuits are galvanically isolated. The primary side is protected by a fuse, F, located on the PC board of the module. The fuse used in SPGU 0A is A (slow) and the one used in SPGU 8B is A (slow). The green LED indicator U aux on the front panel is lit, when the power supply module is in operation. The supervision of the voltages supplying the electronic circuits is integrated into the relay modules. A self-supervision alarm is received as soon as a secondary voltage deviates from the rated value by more than 5%. An alarm signal is also generated if the power supply module is removed or the auxiliary voltage supply to the relay is interrupted. Technical data (modified 00-0) Energizing inputs Rated current I n A 5 A Terminal numbers X0/- X0/- X0/-6 X0/-5 X0/7-9 X0/7-8 X0/5-7 X0/5-8 Thermal current withstand - continuously A 0 A - for 0 s 5 A 00 A - for s 00 A 500 A Dynamic current withstand - half-wave value 50 A 50 A Input impedance <00 mω <0 mω 8

9 Voltage inputs Rated voltage U n (programmable) 00 V (0 V, 5 V, 0 V) Terminal numbers X0/-, 6-7, 9-0, 8-9 Continuous voltage withstand x U n Rated burden of voltage input at U n <0.5 VA Output contacts Trip contacts Terminal numbers X/-, - X/5-6, --- Rated voltage 50 V ac/dc Continuous current carrying capacity 5 A Make and carry 0.5 s 0 A Make and carry s 5 A Breaking capacity for dc when the control circuit time constant L/R 0 ms at the control voltage levels - 0 V dc A - 0 V dc A - 8 V dc 5 A Signal contacts Terminal numbers X/-, 9-0- X/7-8, 5-6, -5-6 Rated voltage 50 V ac/dc Continuous current carrying capacity 5 A Make and carry 0.5 s 0 A Make and carry s 8 A Breaking capacity for dc when the control circuit time constant L/R 0 ms at the control voltage levels - 0 V dc 0.5 A - 0 V dc 0.5 A - 8 V dc A External control inputs Blocking/control (BS...BS5) Terminal numbers X/-, -, 9-0, 7-8, 5-6 External control voltage V dc or V ac Current drain of activated control input...0 ma Power supply module SPGU 0A Rated voltage Operative range SPGU 8B Rated voltage Operative range Power consumption under quiescent/ operation conditions U n = 00/0/0 V ac U n = 0/5/0 V ac U = V dc U n = /8/60 V dc U = V dc 5 W/0 W 9

10 Combined frequency and rate of change of frequency relay module SPCF D5 - see "Technical data" in the description of the module. Data communication Transmission mode Coding Data transfer rate, selectable Fibre-optic serial bus ASCII 800 Bd or 9600 Bd Bus connection modules for fibre-optic data transfer - for plastic core cables SPA-ZC BB - for glass-fibre cables SPA-ZC MM Modules with internal power supply unit - for plastic core cables SPA-ZC 7 BB - for glass-fibre cables SPA-ZC 7 MM Insulation Tests *) Dielectric test IEC Impulse voltage test IEC Insulation resistance measurement IEC kv, 50 Hz, min 5 kv,./50 µs, 0.5 J >00 MΩ, 500 Vdc Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests *) High-frequency ( MHz) burst disturbance test IEC common mode.5 kv - differential mode.0 kv Electrostatic discharge test IEC and IEC contact discharge 6 kv - air discharge 8 kv Fast transient disturbance test IEC and IEC power supply kv - I/O ports kv Mechanical environmental tests Vibration test, IEC class Chock/bump test, IEC class Seismic test, IEC class Environmental conditions Service temperature range Transport and storage temperature range Temperature influence Damp heat test Degree of protection by enclosure of flushmounting relay case Weight of fully equipped relay C C ±0.05 /total temperature range, frequency measurement <0.%/ C, voltage measurement %, +55 C, 6 cycles IP5 6 kg *) The tests do not apply to the serial port, which is used exclusively for the bus connection module. 0

11 f Applications Example. Four-step load shedding accomplished by using frequency relay SPAF 0 C (modified 00-09) U5 00V 00V 00V 5A A 5A A 5A A 00V 5A A X a d d n N A BS BS BS5 BS BS df/dt U IRF SS TS SS TS SS TS SS TS I/O + - = ~_ X X0 6 6 X 5 6 X X X 9 0 X X 7 8 X 5 6 X 5 6 X BS BS BS5 BS BS IRF SS TS SS TS SS TS SS TS + (~) Uaux - (~) Alarm Open Q Open Q Open Q Open Q5 Essential load Q Q Q Q5 Q6 Q SPA-ZC_ Rx Tx SERIAL PORT (SPA) Fig.. Frequency relay SPAF 0 C used for load shedding

12 The relay module SPCF D5 incorporates four protection stages. By using all of these stages and giving each stage its own start values and operate times such a load shedding system can be achieved that senses rates of change in situations of power deficiency. In a situation of power deficiency, the feeders are disconnected in such a sequence that the feeder of the lowest priority is the first one to be disconnected and that of the highest priority the last one to be disconnected. When a loadshedding system is constructed, it should be noticed that the feeders to be disconnected are loaded. This means that the feeders have an influence on the restoration of the power balance. In the application of the example four protection stages are used. Each stage has two output signals with different operate times. One of the operate times is relatively long and intended to be used in situations with rather small power deficiencies and slow frequency declines. This delay allows the frequency to fall below the start level momentarily; no loads are disconnected when the power regulators are able to restore the power balance. In addition, a long operate time gives the network and the power regulators time to respond to load disconnection carried out by a higher stage. The short operate time of the stage allows loads to be disconnected quickly in a situation of great power deficiency. The shorter operate time is connected to control the circuit breaker which should operate earlier according the protection scheme, so the load is always shed in the desired sequence. Thus, the shorter operate time of a stage always "speeds up" the operation of the previous load-shedding stage. The start values and operate times of the stages and the timers controlling the individual circuit breakers are shown in Fig. 5. The designations used in Fig. 5 refer to Fig.. Stage Operate value Delay Timer Relay output Function t SS Alarm 0 t TS Q open t TS Q open 0 t TS Q open t TS Q open 0 t TS Q open t TS Q open 5 t TS Q5 open Fig. 5. The settings of the stages of the frequency relay SPAF 0 C used for load shedding. The above mentioned arrangement for speeding up the operation of the stages is illustrated in Fig. 6.

13 Stage f t f measured <8.7 Hz 0.5 s SS Alarm t ' 0 s TS Open Q Stage f t <8.5 Hz 0.5 s t ' 0 s TS open Q Stage f t <8. Hz 0.5 s t ' 0 s TS open Q Stage f t <8. Hz 0.5 s t ' 5 s TS Open Q5 Fig. 6. Use of the timer function of frequency relay SPAF 0 C in a load shedding. As shown in Fig. 7, a lower-set stage disconnects the loads of the next, higher stage, when the power declines rapidly. The advantage of this arrangement is that, when the frequency falls slowly, the power regulators have enough time to operate. When, on the other hand, the power deficiency is the result of a sudden, substantial change, the loads can be disconnected rapidly enough and in the required succession. f/[hz] ,5 8, 8.. 0,5s 0s Figure 7 illustrates the disconnection of feeder Q referred to in Fig., in different situations. t/[s] Fig. 7. Opening delay of feeder Q at two rates of frequency drop, example.

14 In the case described in example the switches of the frequency relay SPAF 0 C can be configured as follows: Switch- Serial comm. Checksum Operation group parameter SGF S8 Only frequency function SGF S85 Only frequency function SGF S86 Only frequency function SGF S87 Only frequency function SGF5 S88 55 Output continuously operated SGF6 S89 5 SS...SS and TS...TS linked to TRIP LED SGF7 S90 0 U n = 00 V SGB S9 0 No external control signals used SGB S9 0 No external control signals used SGB S9 0 No external control signals used SGB S9 0 No external control signals used SGB5 S95 0 No external control signals used SGB6 S96 5 Undervoltage blocking for all stages SGR S97 Underfrequency signal to alarm contact SS SGR S98 Stage (timer t ) linked to trip contact TS SGR S99 Stage (timer t) linked to trip contact TS SGR S00 8 Stage (timer t ) linked to trip contact TS SGR5 S0 8 Stage (timer t)linked to trip contact TS SGR6 S0 Stage (timer t ) linked to trip contact TS SGR7 S0 Stage (timer t) linked to trip contact TS SGR8 S0 8 Stage (timer t ) linked to trip contact TS SGR9 S05 0 No recovery function

15 f Example. Four-step load shedding logic based on the use of the frequency relay SPAF 0 C (modified 00-09) The load shedding arrangement presented in example is, in principle, the same as that of example. The only difference is that the rate U5 00V 00V 00V 5A A 5A A 5A A 00V 5A A X of change of frequency is used to speed up the operation of the protection. a d d n N A BS BS BS5 BS BS df/dt U IRF SS TS SS TS SS TS SS TS I/O + - = ~_ X X0 6 6 X 5 6 X X X 9 0 X X 7 8 X 5 6 X 5 6 X BS BS BS5 BS BS IRF SS TS SS TS SS TS SS TS - (~) Uaux Start signal Open Q Open Q Open Q of restoration Open Q + (~) Essential load Q Q Q Q Q5 SPA-ZC_ Rx Tx SERIAL PORT (SPA) Fig. 8. Frequency relay SPAF 0 C used for load shedding 5

16 In addition to the normal underfrequency function, each protection stage incorporates a combined underfrequency and df/dt function. The operate time of the underfrequency function is rather long and it is intended to be used in situations where the power deficiency is small and the frequency declines slowly. The use of the underfrequency function and a long operate time is described in example. The operate time of the combined underfrequency and df/dt function is short. This combined protection is intended to be used in situations where a power deficiency occurs suddenly, that is, the frequency falls rapidly. In cases, where just the frequency function and a long operate time are used, the frequency may suddenly fall so much that it is dangerous for the generators. When the df/dt function is combined with the frequency function, the operation of the protection can be speeded up, allowing the loads to be disconnected early enough and further development of the power deficiency to be halted. The rate of change of frequency function can be used alone, but it is always safer to use it in conjunction with the underfrequency function. During normal network operation in the rated frequency range fast frequency swings may occur. If the df/dt function in combination with a short operate time is used, without the underfrequency function, these swings may result in tripping. The designations used in Fig. 9 refer to Fig. 8. Stage Timer Function Setting f Setting df/dt Delay Relay Operation [Hz] [Hz/s] [s] output t <f and <df/dt TS Q open t ' <f TS Q open t <f and <df/dt TS Q open t ' <f TS Q open t <f and <df/dt TS Q open t ' <f TS Q open t <f and <df/dt TS Q open t ' <f TS Q open Fig. 9. Settings of the protection stages of frequency relay SPAF 0 C used for load shedding The start values and the operate times of the individual protection stages and the timers controlling the individual circuit breakers are shown in Fig. 9. 6

17 Stage f measured f <8.8 Hz & t 0.0 s TS Open Q df /dt t ' <- Hz/s 5 s TS Open Q Stage f t <8. Hz & 0.0 s TS Open Q df /dt t ' <- Hz/s 5 s TS Open Q Stage f t <7,8 Hz & 0,0 s TS Open Q df /dt <- Hz/s t ' 5 s TS Open Q Stage f t <7.5 Hz & 0.0 s TS Open Q df /dt t ' <- Hz/s 5 s TS Open Q Recovery function <(50+0.)Hz t r & 0 s SS Start of recovery function >(50-0.)Hz Fig. 0. Configuration of the relay module SPCF D5. 7

18 The recovery function is also used in example. Once a protection stage has issued a trip signal the recovery function is activated and, at the same time, the normally operated output of the recovery function drops out. When the frequency has returned to a normal value within the selected range, the operate time of the recovery stage starts. Should the frequency remain within the permitted range throughout the operate time, the recovery function operates and the corresponding output picks up. If the frequency deviates from the setting range during the operate time of the recovery function, the timer stops and then continues when the frequency returns to normal. The operate time of the recovery function is reset to zero, if one of the protection stages delivers a trip signal during the operate time. f/[hz] ,8 trip 8 activating of recovery function t/[s] start of operate time counter operate time counter timed out operate time counter suspended operate time counter continues connection of auxiliary voltage supply recovery output drops out recovery output picks up operation of recovery output when pulse output is used (alternative function) length of output pulse connection of auxiliary voltage supply recovery output picks up recovery output drops out Fig.. Operation of recovery stage 8

19 In the case described in example the switches of the frequency relay SPAF 0 C can be configured as follows: Switch- Serial comm. Checksum Operation group parameter SGF S8 Combined frequency and df/dt function SGF S85 Combined frequency and df/dt function SGF S86 Combined frequency and df/dt function SGF S87 Combined frequency and df/dt function SGF5 S88 55 Outputs continuously operated SGF6 S89 5 SS...SS and TS...TS linked to TRIP LED SGF7 S90 0 U n = 00 V SGB S9 0 No external control signals SGB S9 0 No external control signals SGB S9 0 No external control signals SGB S9 0 No external control signals SGB5 S95 0 No external control signals SGB6 S96 5 Undervoltage blocking for all stages SGR S97 Stage linked to trip contact TS SGR S98 Stage linked to trip contact TS SGR S99 8 Stage linked to trip contact TS SGR S00 8 Stage linked to trip contact TS SGR5 S0 Stage linked to trip contact TS SGR6 S0 Stage linked to trip contact TS SGR7 S0 8 Stage linked to trip contact TS SGR8 S0 8 Stage linked to trip contact TS SGR9 S05 6 Recovery output linked to contact SS 9

20 Testing The relay should be subjected to regular tests in accordance with national regulations and instructions. The manufacturer recommends an interval of five years between the tests. The test should be carried out as a primary test, which includes the entire protection arrangement, from the instrument transformers to the circuit breakers. The test can also be carried out as a secondary injection test. Then the relay has to be disconnected during the test procedure. However, it is recommended to check the function of the signal and trip circuits as well. Note! Make sure that the secondary circuits of the current transformers under no condition open or are open, when the relay is disconnected and during the test procedure. The test is recommended to be carried out using the normal setting values of the relay and the energizing inputs used. When required, the test can be extended to include more setting values. As the settings of the relay modules affect the operation of the relay (overfrequency/underfrequency relay) and thus also the test procedure, these instructions describe the general features of the test procedure. The test procedure presented here applies to the underfrequency relay. A voltage supply unit allowing voltage and frequency to be regulated is recommended to be used. In addition, instruments for measuring voltage, frequency and time are required. During the test procedure the relay records frequencies, rates of change of frequency, voltages and relay operations. If the recorded data is used for the collection of information for longer time periods (for example, AR counters), these registers should be read before the test procedure is started. After the test the registers are reset and, if required, the readings of the AR counters can be restored. The relay settings may have to be changed during testing. A PC program is recommended to be used to read the relay settings before the test is started. Testing of the combined frequency and rate of change of frequency relay module SPCF D5 General The protection stages are tested with respect to: - start value - trip time - trip indication, output relay operation Start value Test the start value by gradually dropping the frequency, starting from the rated value, until the relay starts. Record the frequency required for starting. The value should be within the permitted tolerances. If the resetting value is to be tested as well, drop the frequency, until the relay starts, and then increase the frequency again, until the relay resets. When multi-stage protection relays are tested, the operation of the higher-set stages may cause problems to the testing of lower-set stages. Then it is generally necessary to delay the operation of the higher-set stages by changing the setting values, or totally block the operation of the higher stages by reconfiguring the SGR switches. In such a case it is recommended to start the test from the lowest stage and then proceed to higher-set stages. The advantage of this method is that the original settings of the stages really are restored, because otherwise the test cannot be carried out successfully. Trip time 0 Apply a voltage of rated frequency to the relay. Then drop the frequency of the voltage to a value below the setting value. The frequency of the supply voltage should be such that the difference between the trip level and the frequency of the supply voltage is about twice the difference between the rated frequency and the trip level. However, the absolute value of the rate of change of frequency must not exceed 70 Hz/s, because the relay perceives such a situation as a disturbance and delays tripping by two cycles. The operate time is the time from the moment the frequency starts changing, until the relay operates. The accuracy of the operate times should be within the permitted tolerances. The resetting time is the time measured from the moment the current switch is opened, until the relay resets.

21 Maintenance and repairs When the protection relay is used under the conditions specified in "Technical data", it requires practically no maintenance. The relay includes no parts or components that are sensitive to physical or electrical wear under normal operating conditions. Should the temperature and humidity at the operating site differ from the values specified, or the atmosphere contain chemically active gases or dust, the relay should be visually inspected in association with the secondary testing of the relay. This visual inspection should focus on: - Signs of mechanical damage to relay case and terminals - Collection of dust inside the relay case; remove with compressed air - Signs of corrosion on terminals, case or inside the relay If the relay malfunctions or the operating values differ from those specified, the relay should be overhauled. Minor measures can be taken by the customer but any major repair involving the electronics has to be carried out by the manufacturer. Please contact the manufacturer or his nearest representative for further information about checking, overhaul and recalibration of the relay. The protection relay contains circuits sensitive to electrostatic discharge. If you have to withdraw a relay module, ensure that you are at the same potential as the module, for instance, by touching the case. Note! Protection relays are measuring instruments and should be handled with care and protected against moisture and mechanical stress, especially during transport. Spare parts Combined frequency and rate of change of frequency relay module SPCF D5 Power supply modules - U = V ac/dc (operative range) SPGU 0A - U = V dc (operative range) SPGU 8B I/O module SPTR 9B5 Case (including connection module) SPTK 8B7 Bus connection module SPA-ZC 7_ SPA-ZC _ Order numbers Frequency relay SPAF 0 C without test adapter: RS 5 00-AA, CA Frequency relay SPAF 0 C with test adapter RTXP 8: RS 5 0-AA, CA The letter combinations of the order number indicate the rated frequency f n and the auxiliary voltage U aux of the protection relay: AA: f n = 50 Hz and U aux = V ac/dc CA: f n = 50 Hz and U aux = V dc

22 Dimension drawings and mounting The basic model of the protection relay case is designed for flush-mounting. When required, the mounting depth of the case can be reduced by using raising frames: type SPA-ZX 0 reduces the depth by 0 mm, type SPA-ZX 0 by 80 mm and type SPA-ZX 0 by 0 mm ± a b 9 ± Panel cut-out Raising frame SPA-ZX 0 SPA-ZX 0 SPA-ZX 0 a b 7 5 Fig.. Dimension and mounting drawings for frequency relay SPAF 0 C. The relay case is made of profile aluminium and painted grey. The rubber gasket fitted to the mounting collar provides an IP 5 degree of protection by enclosure between the relay case and the mounting base. The hinged cover of the case is made of transparent, UV-stabilized polycarbonate polymer and provided with two sealable locking screws. The rubber gasket of the cover provides an IP 5 degree of protection between the case and the cover. The required input and output circuits are connected to the screw terminals on the rear panel. Terminal block X0 consists of screw terminals fitted to the rear panel of the relay. The terminal blocks X and X are provided with disconnectable multi-pole screw terminals. The male parts of the disconnectable terminal blocks are attached to the I/O module. The female parts are included in the delivery. The female part can be secured to the male part with fixing accessories and screws. Measured data, auxiliary voltage and protective earth are wired to the terminal block X0. Each terminal screw is dimensioned for one wire of maximum 6 mm or two wires of maximum.5 mm. Binary input and output signals are connected to the multi-pole terminal blocks X and X. Each screw terminal is dimensioned for one wire of maximum.5 mm or two wires of maximum 0.75 mm. The 9-pole D-type connector is intended for serial communication. Ordering information Example. Number and type designation 0 SPAF 0 C units. Order number RS AA. Auxiliary voltage U aux = 0 V dc. Accessories 0 bus connection modules SPA-ZC 7 MMA 6. Special requirements

23 SPCF D5 Combined Frequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relay Module User s manual and Technical description f < > < > df dt U f IRF f n [ Hz ] RESET STEP U < / SGF SGB U n f [ Hz ], t, t [ s ] f [ Hz ], t, t [ s ] f [ Hz ], t, t [ s ] f [ Hz ], t t [ s ], df/ dt [ Hz / s ] f [ Hz ] t [ s ] r SGR TRIP 00C SPCF D5

24 MRS MUM EN Issued Modified Version D Checked PS Approved MÖ Data subject to change without notice SPCF D5 Combined Frequency and Rate of Change of Frequency Relay Module Contents Features... Description of operation... Filtering of energizing inputs... Frequency measurement... Rate of change of frequency measurement... Overfrequency... Underfrequency... Rate of change of frequency... Recovery function... Output signals... 5 Second settings... 5 Resetting... 5 Block diagram... 6 Front panel... 7 Operation indicators... 8 Settings (modified 00-0)... 9 Configuration switches (modified 997-0)... 0 Measured data... Recorded data (modified 00-06)... Menu chart (modified 997-0)... 6 Technical data (modified 00-0)... 8 Serial communication parameters... 9 Event codes... 9 Remote transfer data (modified 00-0)... Fault codes... 6 Features Four protection stages, each of which can be used for either overfrequency or underfrequency protection. Any stage can be set out of operation. Each protection stage incorporates a rate of change of frequency function, which can be used alone or together with the overfrequency/underfrequency function. When required, the rate of change of frequency function can be disconnected. Each protection stage is provided with two adjustable timers Programmable recovery function Programmable undervoltage blocking Programmable rated frequency Output relay matrix allowing any trip signal to be linked to the desired output signal Digital display of measured and set values and data recorded at the instant of a fault Reading and writing of setting values via display and front panel push-buttons, a PC with setting software, or from higher system levels over the serial bus Continuous self-supervision of electronics and microprocessor operation. On detection of a permanent fault, the self-supervision system delivers a control signal to the signal relay and blocks the other outputs.

25 Description of operation Filtering of energizing input The relay module contains two filters: a lowpass filter for voltage measurement and a bandpass filter for frequency measurement. The purpose A [db] of the filters is to suppress the harmonics of the measured signal. Fig. illustrates harmonics suppression as a function of frequency. 0 0 Voltage measurement Frequency measurement f [Hz] Fig.. Harmonics suppression of the energizing input of relay module SPCF D5 Frequency measurement Frequency measurement is based on measuring the time between the zero crossings of a signal. The frequency is calculated as a moving average so that the length of the averaging can be selected by the customer. The number of cycles to be used for the calculation can be selected in the range from to 0 cycles. When the calculation is based on three cycles, the measurement response time will be short and, consequently, the trip time as well. On the other hand, when twenty cycles are used the response time will be long, but the effect of the noise possibly occurring in the signal will be small. In addition to the filtering described above, the trip time of the relay is affected by the rated frequency selected. The minimum trip time of the relay is obtained from the formula: -f t min = n n [ms], 0 where n is the number of cycles used and f n the rated frequency. However, the minimum trip time is at least 00 ms. Should a trip time shorter than the calculated time be set for the relay, the setting will be ignored. Rate of change of frequency measurement The calculation of the rate of change of frequency is based on two successive frequency values, calculated as moving values over three cycles. Changing of the number of cycles to be used in the frequency measurement does not affect the measurement of the rate of change of frequency. When the rate of change of frequency function is used, the minimum trip time is 50 ms. Overfrequency When the setting value is above the rated frequency programmed, the protection stage operates as an overfrequency stage. The setting value cannot be the same as the rated frequency. Once the frequency exceeds the setting value of the stage concerned, the stage starts and, at the same time, a start indicating operation code appears on the display. Should the stage still be operated, when the operate time of the stage expires, it trips, delivering the configured trip signal. The tripping of the stages can be prevented by applying an external control signal BS...BS5 to the relay module. The switchgroups SGB... SGB5 are used for configuring the external blocking signals. In addition, the undervoltage blocking function (switchgroup SGR6) can be used for blocking the stage.

26 Underfrequency A protection stage has the function of an underfrequency stage, when the setting value is below the rated frequency. The setting value cannot be the same as the rated frequency. The underfrequency stage operates in the same way as the overfrequency stage, but starts, when the frequency falls below its setting value. Rate of change of frequency Each protection stage incorporates a rate of change of frequency (df/dt) function, which can be used alone or together with the frequency function. The operation principle of the rate of change of frequency function is the same as that of the overfrequency/underfrequency stage. This means that if the frequency setting of this particular stage is above the rated frequency, the rate of change of the frequency has to be positive to make the df/dt function become true. Correspondingly, the rate of change of frequency has to be negative, if the stage has the function of an underfrequency stage. The same principle also applies, when the df/dt function is used alone, without the frequency function. When the df/dt function is used alone, the stage starts once the absolute value of the rate of change of the frequency is greater than the setting value of the stage. At the same time as the stage starts, a start indicating code appears on the display. Should the protection stage still be operated, when the set operate time expires, it trips, delivering the programmed trip signal. When the df/dt function is used together with the frequency function, the stage starts when the operation criteria for both functions, i.e. the df/dt function and the frequency function, are fulfilled at the same time. Should the protection stage still be operated (both conditions for operation fulfilled), when the set operate time expires, the stage trips, delivering the configured trip signal. The rate of change of frequency function is recommended to be used together with the frequency function. The minimum trip time is 50 ms, when the rate of change of frequency function is used. This means that if the rate of change of frequency function is enabled with the SGF switches, the minimum operate time of the timer is 50 ms. When the frequency function is used alone, the minimum operate time is 00 ms. Recovery function In addition to the four protections stages the module incorporates a recovery stage. This recovery stage can be used to control the desired output relay when, after tripping of the protection stage, the frequency returns to normal and remains within the setting range throughout the operate time of the recovery function. The permitted limits for recovery is defined as a frequency window, the centre of which is the programmed rated frequency of the module. The limit to be set is the maximum permitted frequency deviation from the rated frequency (f n ± f r ) of the module. The timer of the recovery function resets and remains reset as long as one single protection stage selected is in a tripped condition. At the same time the normally activated recovery output resets. After resetting, the operate time is calculated for the time when the frequency remains within the specified limits. When the operate time elapses, the recovery function operates and the output is activated. At the same time, an operation code indicating activation of the recovery function appears on the display. An external control signal can be used to prevent both recovery functions in progress and the start of new ones.

27 Output signals Switchgroups SGR...SGR9 can be used to link the start or trip signal of any protection stage to the desired outputs SS...SS or TS...TS. Two output operation modes, i.e. a continuously energized or a pulse-mode output operation can be selected for the output signals SS...SS and TS...TS(switches SGF5/...8). A continuously energized output remains active as long as the protection stage controlling it is active. When a pulse output is used, the output remains active only as long as the preprogrammed pulse is present, even though the protection stage controlling the output stays active. Resetting of the output relays appears from the table in paragraph "Resetting". The TRIP indicator on the front panel can be set to indicate activation of any output signal. The operation indicator remains lit, when the output signal resets. The switchgroup SGF6 is used for selecting these functions. Second setting Either the main settings or the second settings can be selected as the actual setting values used. Shifting between main setting and second setting values can be done in three ways as follows:. Over the serial bus, using command V50.. By using any external control signal.. Via the push-buttons of the relay module, in subregister of register A. When the value of subregister is 0, the main settings are used and when the value is, the second setting values are used. The main and second settings can be read and set over the serial bus, by using the S parameters. The push-buttons on the front panel can be used for reading and setting only the actual setting values used. When the second settings are in use, the indicator of the selected setting is flashing. Note. If external control signals have been used for selecting the main setting or the second setting, shifting between the settings cannot be done over the serial bus or with the push-buttons on the front panel. Resetting The push-buttons on the front panel, an external control signal or a serial communication parameter can be used for resetting the operation codes on the display and the registers of the relay module. See the table below. Way of resetting Resetting of indicators Resetting of registers RESET (display dark) x x RESET & x x External control signal BS...5, when SGF_/7 = x SGF_/8 = x x Parameter V0 x x 5

28 Block diagram Hardware U # T #f df dt > < f > < SGF/ SGF/ & SGF/ t t ' SGR/x SGR/x SGF5/ SGF5/ 0 t t SGF6/ SGF6/ SS TS BS BS BS BS BS5 U< SGB6/x SGB/x SGB/x SGB/x SGB/x SGB5/x df dt > < f > < SGF/ SGF/ & SGF/ t t ' SGR/x SGR/x SGF5/ SGF5/ t t SGF6/ SGF6/ SS TS SGF6/5 df dt > < SGF/ SGF/ & t SGR5/x 5 SGF5/5 t SGF6/6 SS f > < SGF/ t ' 6 SGF5/6 t TS SGR6/x SGF6/7 7 SGF5/7 t SS df dt > < & SGF/ SGF/ t SGR7/x 8 SGF5/8 t SGF6/8 TS f > < SGF/ t ' SGR8/x Reset button S R TRIP 5 System restart (fn-fr)> (fn+fr)< & Recovery function Set Reset t Count Start Count SGR9/x Settings (main/nd) Reset trip indicators Reset trip indicators and registers SGF.../ = Operation indicator latched Un 00V 0V 5V 0V Switch SGF 7/ 0 0 SGF 7/ 0 0 SGF 7/ = Un Un= Fig.. Block diagram for the combined frequency and rate of change of frequency relay module SPCF D5 U BS...BS5 SGF...SGF7 SGB...SGB6 SGR...SGR9 TS...TS SS...SS TRIP Phase-to-phase voltage External control signals Switchgroups for relay configuration Switchgroup for external control signals Switchgroup for output relay matrix Output signals Red operation indicator Note! All input and output signals of the relay module are not necessarily wired to the terminals of each protection relay containing this module. The signals wired to the terminals are shown in the signal diagram of the concerned protection relay. 6

29 Front panel f < > < > df dt Simplified device symbol Indicators for measured values, voltage U and frequency f U f IRF Self-supervision alarm indicator Display Indicator for rated frequency setting Indicator for undervoltage setting Indicator for protection stage settings Indicator for protection stage settings Indicator for protection stage settings Indicator for protection stage settings Indicator for df/dt settings Indicator for recovery function settings Indicator for SGF settings Indicator for SGB checksum f n [ Hz ] SGF SGB RESET STEP U < / U n f [ Hz ], t, t [ s ] f [ Hz ], t, t [ s ] f [ Hz ], t, t [ s ] f [ Hz ], t, t [ s ] df/ dt [ Hz / s ] f [ Hz ] t r [ s ] Reset and display step push-button Pogramming push-button Indicator for SGR checksum 00C SGR TRIP SPCF D5 Trip indicator Type designation of relay module Fig.. Front panel of the combined frequency and rate of change of frequency relay module SPCF D5 7

30 Operation indicators Each protection stage has its own red start and trip operation code, presented as a number on the display. In addition, at the right bottom corner of the relay module, there is a TRIP indicator that is shared by all the protection stages. The switchgroup SGR6 is used for programming this TRIP indicator. The operation code indicating tripping and the red TRIP indicator remain lit, when the relay has delivered a trip signal. Thus the tripping stage is easily identified. The trip code and the operation indicator remain lit, even though the stage that caused tripping resets, and have to be separately reset. The start indicating code numbers, on the other hand, go out once the protection stage resets. Should the stage provide a trip signal before resetting, the start indicating numbers turn to indicate tripping. When required, the start indicating numbers can be set to remain start indicators (switches SGF.../). The operation indicators, which require separate resetting, are reset via the push-buttons on the front panel of the relay, with an external control signal, or over the serial communication bus, see the table in "Description of operation". Non-reset operation indicators do not affect the operation of the relay module. The table below gives an explanation of the symbols of the start and trip indicating code numbers presented on the display and with the serial communication parameter V0. Operation code Parameter V0 Symbol Explanation Stage Start Stage started Stage Trip Stage tripped Stage Start Stage started Stage Trip Stage tripped 5 5 Stage Start Stage started 6 6 Stage Trip Stage tripped 7 7 Stage Start Stage started 8 8 Stage Trip Stage tripped 9 9 Rec. Due Recovery function in progress, timer is running A 0 Rec. Over Recovery function operated Once the self-supervision system of the relay has detected a permanent fault, the self-supervision alarm indicator IRF is lit. At the same time, the relay module delivers a control signal to the selfsupervision contacts of the relay assembly. In addition, in most fault cases, a fault code consisting of a red number one () and a green code number appears on the display of the module. This fault code, which cannot be removed from the display by resetting, gives a fault diagnosis. The code number should always be stated, when service is ordered. 8

31 Settings (modified 00-0) The setting values are indicated by the three digits to the right on the display. A LED indicator in front of the setting value symbol on the front panel indicates the setting value displayed at the moment. The factory setting is given in brackets. The symbol "//" indicates that the setting is found in a submenu. Setting Description Setting range (Factory setting) f n [Hz] Rated frequency Hz (50 Hz) //Number of cycles to be used in frequency measurement...0 (6 cycles) U</U n Setting value of undervoltage blocking as a multiple of x U n the rated voltage U n used. (0.60 x U n ) f [Hz] Setting value and operate times of stage Hz (5.00 Hz) t [s] s (0.50 s) *) t ' [s] s (0.5 s) *) f [Hz] Setting value and operate times of stage Hz (9.00 Hz) t [s] s (.00 s) *) t ' [s] s (0.5 s) *) f [Hz] Setting value and operate times of stage Hz (8.00 Hz) t [s] s (0.00 s) *) t ' [s] s (0.5 s) *) f [Hz] Setting value and operate times of stage Hz (7.00 Hz) t [s] s (.00 s) *) t ' [s] s (0.5 s) *) Idf/dt df/dt setting values for all of the four stages 0....±0.0 Hz/s [Hz/s] (.0 Hz/s) f r [Hz] Setting value and operate time of recovery function Hz (0.0 Hz) t r [s] (0 min) *) Note! The setting of operation time t t and t ' t ' = s is available from program version SW F and later. 9