TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS

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1 TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS

2 TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS General Information Due to increasingly heavy traffic and, most of all, specific traffic conditions in tunnels which can cause disastrous accidents, special attention is needed in planning tunnel systems. To ensure uninterrupted and safe traffi c systems the following devices and systems that conform to the latest European standards and directives are incorporated into tunnels: fi re alarm system TV control system traffi c control and registration system CO concentration and visibility control system electric power system uninterrupted power system tunnel lighting system tunnel ventilation system radio communication system emergency call system All the systems act autonomously and independently of each other. Each system becomes fully functional only by its integration in the control and supervision system (CSS) wich encompasses all tunnel subsystems and devices and controls them according to preprogrammed processes or algorithms, depending on tunnel conditions. The control and supervision system contains two management levels: central and local. Central control is represented by devices in the control centre, while local control is represented by microprocessor controllers - local stations installed in the tunnel. Communications between all the devices in the CSS system (computers and individual local stations) runs through Ethernet, TCP/IP.

3 GENERAL INFORMATIONS TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS There are many systems and devices built into a safe, modern tunnel system: monitoring and supervision devices, fire alert sensors and rescue signs, traffic sensors, variable message signs and traffic lights, lighting systems, energy control and distribution systems, ventilation, water control, etc. The CSS concept is based on the most reliable, quick and autonomous local stations. Each local station is directly connected with all subsystems, devices and individual elements in its tunnel segment. Based on events and conditions in its respective tunnel system each local station reacts immediately, independently controls its own devices and sends information about conditions to other local stations and the control centre. All other local stations control their own devices according to preprogrammed interdependent control algorithms. The control centre receives comprehensive information about tunnel events. It displays the events on a control computer screen and saves data in a suitable manner for later processing, making reports and event analyses. In recent times, tunnel control and supervision systems have been functionally connected to open highway traffi c control systems. This enables the rapid communication of dangerous situations in a tunnel (fi re, accident, congestion) to information signs on the highway. Also, when a dangerous traffi c situation is detected on a highway, tunnel traffi c is regulated accordingly. Basic network diagram. Local stations, the first level of control, are connected via an optical network to the centre. The main centre and two redundant centres with a restricted set of features are operational 24/7 in the event of a fatal power or communication failure.

4 TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS CONTROL CENTRE Tunnel control centre Control Centre The control centre enables personnel on duty to view the traffi c in a tunnel and to have an overview of all tunnel systems. This is made possible by control computers, TV screens and control consoles of different subsystems (radio, weather stations, emergency call system). CSS contains cutting-edge technology systems and has program-built control algorithms that enable immediate automatic traffi c control, depending on the event and situations. Operaters usually monitor the process and conditions and control system only if necessary. Tunnel traffic signalisation

5 CONTROL CENTRE TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS To ensure maximum security, the complete control system contains doubled workstations for operaters. Workstations with equal functionality are installed not only in control computer system in the control centre, but also in equipment control stations beside the tunnel. The control and supervision system functions: receive all events (warnings, alarms, orders) and data from all tunnel subsystems, perform data processing and analysis, display status and data in tables and graphs, communicate with the operator, print out protocols of all events, and archive all events and save of important video tracks. To give the tunnel control operator views of all events on CSS screens, conditions in the tunnel are displayed in colour changing symbols for individual elements and devices in screen shots. The basic screen shot contains only basic elements and warnings and alarms to keep it easy to overview. Next to it there are as many screen shots as there are functional systems incorporated in the tunnel.

6 TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS CONTROL CENTRE For every event in the tunnel the systems warn the operator with a warning or an alarm. Warnings are graphic (fl ashing or colour change of the active element symbol), textual (description of event with all characteristics in the alarm bar) and audible (alarm beep). When a detailed overview of tunnel events is necessary, the operator can change from a basic screen shot to screen shots of every subsystem where all the information for the chosen subsystem is visible up to the individual status for every inbuilt element. Aside from monitoring current tunnel conditions, the CSS operator may also use software tools to check all archived measurements and events in a graphic and tabular display. This is important in observing statistical traffi c data, determining traffi c conditions in the tunnel and in analysing individual subsystem elements based on automatic control or manual interference in the system.

7 LOCAL STATIONS TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS Local Stations The basic element of the control and supervision system in a tunnel is a microprocessor control unit - local station (LS). In tunnel tube local stations are built into SDC (safety device connection) cabinets, emergency call niches, electronies niches and equipment control stations. The local station is modular-built control system. The basics are processing microcomputer system modules, which are capable of performing different logical, sequential, timing, counting, arithmetic, regulation and communication functions according to user software commands. Local stations collect data from all sensors in the tunnel (traffi c detectors, CO concentration and visibility meters, lighting conditions, etc.) They are connected to all other stations and subsystems (fi re and video control system, power and radio system, traffi c control system, ventilation system, etc.) In local stations automatic data processing and local control of connected devices is performed, even in case of interrupted communications with the control centre. The local station controls traffi c equipment (traffi c lights and fl ashes, changeable signs and information tables) on the basis of detected events in its tunnel segment, and reports data and all activity to a higher level where integrated control of the whole tunnel is performed.

8 TUNNEL CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS LOCAL STATIONS The local station is the control system segment that, based on detection of an alarm (fi re, driving in the wrong direction, high CO concentration, congestion or traffi c accident, malfunction of any inbuilt element, device or system), immediately begins to conduct a suitable preprogrammed scenario of tunnel equipment control (switching on a camera at the location with the problem, controlling traffi c equipment and changeable signalisation, lighting regulation, switching on air conditioning, etc). At the same time, all events and alarms are reported to the control system where the operator is informed by audible signal, dynamic screen display and textual information in the alarm bar. All events are written in the data base of the control computer and are available at any moment for analysis of automatic performance as well as any manual interference in the system. ASIST SYSTEMS AUTOMATION Cesta Ljubljanske brigade 23 A 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia T: F: E: info@asist.si URL:

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