Radar Altimeter TRANS / REC ( RADAR) APN-117? Made by STC (UK) in 1966

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1 dr ltimeter / ( ) ? de by () in 1966 everse engineered 1 july 2014

2 ht is it his rdr trnsmitter/receiver is distnce meter or ltimeter, bsed on the principle. I don't hve n instrument to mesure the frequency nd power, but I guess it is in the Gz rnge. he trnsmitter is hermeticlly closed cvity, probbly with Gunn or Imptt diode s power oscilltor, tuned with vrctor. he oscilltor supply is 30dc t 250m., so the output might be pprox. 50m he trnsmitter is frequencymodulted with 300z tringle in one of 3 modes: 1. ximum mplitude is selected for low ltitude, 2 ontrolled mplitude t higher ltitude ( bove 200 feet?) 3. ithering superimposes 37.5z sinewvelike signl on the 300z tringle he receiver hs mixer with prt of the trnsmitter signl s O. he "I" mplifier hs bndwidth of 1... kz. he output of the unit is voltge, proportionl to the rnge. he unit is built in 1965 by in the nited ingdom. echnology of 1965 ypicl is the use of the very first integrted circuits in originl fltpk : first opmps from exs Instruments ( 523 en 524) first opmps from irchild ( u702 in fltpk) first digitl I's from exs Instruments ( 511 ) first digitl I's from otorol (253G) 4.3Gz oscilltor with Gunn or Imptt diode? ( just possible in 1965) trnge: he power supply hs missing diode in ech diodebridge odules dr / rnsmitter I5024 estern icrowve Inc. eceiver I5023 estern icrowve Inc. hssis lectronics mplifier sweep & control deglitcher ely module ower upply lso from in pressurized cse: /

3 heory dr ltimeters with the principle hve smll trnsmitter which trnsmits continuous, frequency modulted wve. he modultion is symmetricl tringulr wve with pektopek devition () of pprox. 150z, nd frequency of 300z (=1.667 ms) he receiver receives the ground echo with second ntenn. he echo hs the trnsmitted frequency of few microseconds go, nd is mixed with the ctul trnsmitted signl. he frequency difference is proportionl with the ltitude. = pektopek frequency devition ( z) = min to mx frequency devition time, (1.667 ms) d = frequency difference between received nd trnsmitted signl; c = speed of light ( 3. ^ 8 m/s = 983 feet / µs) gives 2 x ltitude = c x d x / wice the height of the ntenn's bove the ground plus the length of the cbles to the ntenn's should be subtrcted from this vlue. y this is o [feet], nd with d in kz nd in z, this formul reduces to ltitude [feet] = 820 x d/ o his set hs fixed tringle mplitude (=) up to d=32kz from the receiver, then the bndwidth is grdully reduced down to fctor 5 t d=63kz. he reltion of the output voltge to ltitude becomes nonliner. he bet frequency mplifier hs bndwidth of 3 kz. hen I ssume o= 60 feet ( 20 meters) nd the initil is z, then he lowest frequency is 7.3 kz t 0 feet he ltitude t 32 kz is 202 feet he ltitude t 63 kz nd =/5 is 2520 feet he "vlid" rely output is ctive from d= 5 to 70 kz. with 5m input to the mplifier, or from 8 to kz with 2 m input. dr ltimeters operte in the z "" bnd. oppler shift If the ltitude increses, the echo frequency rises both in the up, nd downwrd prt of the tringle, so the difference frequency is smller in the upwrd prt, nd higher in the downwrd prt of the tringle. If the modulting wve is symmetricl, nd perfectly liner, these effects verge out, nd true ltitude is mesured, independent of doppler shift when the ltitude chnges. hen the ltitude chnges with m/sec, the doppler shift is m/s x 4.2Gz/c= 140 z ypicl ltimeters dr ltimeters exist with mximum ltitude 2,500 or 5,000 ft, he circulr disply is liner up to 500 feet nd logrithmic from 500 2,500 (or 5,000) feet, mking the lower rnge of heights esier to red. ll rdio ltimeter displys hve setting control for decision height, t which point wrning will be given. he height cn be set by positioning n outside cursor ginst the required height on the scle. he setting control will normlly double s (presstotest) fcility which, when engged, drives the disply to predetermined vlue normlly feet.

4 esuring results he bet frequency mplifier hs reltively flt gin from 5 to kz. ith open nd inputs, squre wve of 3mpp on the connector is sufficient for stble, symmetricl squre wve to the deglitcher G (pin of mplifier) kz he output t pin of the min connector is proportionl with the bet frequency t 80 m/kz without lod. ith 270 deg, 1m meter with 5k totl resistnce, full scle is t he "zero" position of the pointer is msked. he pointer ppers t 0 feet when d=7 kz p to 32 kz, the bndwidth is z, nd the ltitude is proportionl with the betfrequency. bove 32 kz, the is reduced (pin of min connector), nd the ltitude scle becomes non liner. he lid relys 345 re on from 5 to 75 kz. with only 2m signl (5m below z) to connector elow 32 kz, 37.5z sinewve is superimposed on the frequency modulting 300z tringle to give some dithering. he occupied bndwidth is 150z ( z without dithering)

5 estpoints he dr rnsmitter/eceiver hs 32 pin min plug nd 26pin testplug. he 26 pin test connector hs the following signls. ins,,,, G, nd re supply voltges 70 pwr supply vrctor diode 12 pwr supply opmps pwr supply opmps 30 pwr supply gunn diode supply gnd 21 G signl? G 0.4 pwr supply offset selftest module selftest module df/dt slope 3.5 lid rely 345 coil > 3=I wr O when connected to 115c O 32 pwr supply totempoles 31 vrctor drive signl (300z tringle) 25 pwr supply relys 115 c O 115 c I 115c on trnsformer no pin 0.. min output no pin Y disble dithering Z to min connector pin no pin b 28c from trnsformer c to min connector pin

6 Internl wiring j 115~ 400z x eter pwr on test? osc 25 b ours ower upply, ,.c b d Y 4.3 Gz Z h rnsmitter df/dt slope b c Oscilltor selftest module? ricp linerizer Y 32? weep genertor 600z osc. shpe :8 :2 ~ 20 ʃ d ʃ 3 1 Z slope dither off Y 18 rect 19? ontrol 1 c Z G f g G O eceiver, detectors I mplifier G, / converter ltitude output I connector est connector ire number cox eglitcher one shot / conv I 25 june 2014 kb

7 I II 9 front end 56k 2 0.u 8 0.u 0.u 0.u 0.u p u k k u k when in < 2pp * when in > 2pp when in < 20mpp * else 56 k k k 47u 8 3 1u k 56 47k 4 blue opmp u702 fltpk yellow opmp 524 or 92 56k k 8 cox p I frontend 8 k 56 n 1u k k *) z squre wve on input, other inputs open k 47k 12 k 2u u 2 cox 27 8k2 1u u cox 28 80m / kz G k 9 25k k 8 5k k x u 47k 390p 8k k k k u 2.2u k OO k 0k 25 d Z blue opmp 523 yellow opmps 524 k 33k 6k8 6k8 8 cox 28 Y u 2k 7 2k7 k 25 0k 33k 6k8 to chssis interconnect testpoint 1u 2.2u 1u 12 n/c k 12 6k8,,, elfest module? G Z h 53

8 32 25 cox 26 cox u u n k4 1% 2k u n 12 n / kz trig k 15 input 26 6 cox k 150k n 14 50k 6 7 reset k 56k 3n p 5% Glitch ilter ord on rer end of chssis o input I mplifier g 24k n 2k4 n 2k4 24k ll 1% k n n 600 z 0k k 12 n k 330p k 47 n n 4.7u n n 1u 390p z 7pp 47k z 8pp re 2x 511 * k * 5 390p 12 blue opmp 523 (98) yellow opmp 524 (92) 50 c/s O dithering on/off 300z 6pp 330p k 12 re 1 * 180k 180k 12 4x 511 k 37.5z 1pp 470k * 47n k 470k 0.1u * 25k k 3 300z 6pp * k u 12 6k u 1u 4 to vricp

9 115 ~ thermostt Ω 4k k 2k k 40k n 40k t Gunn? osciltor z 30 O G x nt 12 2k 29k 33k Y b c d Z k x 2.5u k k n b Y d 470 Z c 7 8

10 Ω f u k7 1 38u shunt in trnsmitter module x 14u k u >81 400z 0 hours Ω 20 8k unstb c 24 not used u 3.3 Ω 86u k7 3 38u 19 38u 12 not mounted ire numbers in blue Ω 86u k u oltges (c / dc) in red t 81/400z on primry when ll regultors hve stbilized output. 26

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