IEEE RTPGE Automotive Datalinks over Twisted Quad Cabling
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1 Automotive Datalinks over Twisted Quad Cabling T. Müller, G. Armbrecht, S. Kunz Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik GmbH & Co. KG
2 Outline Automotive Datalinks over Twisted Quad Cabling Twisted Quad fundamentals Twisted Quad connector interface EMC Coupling to adjacent systems Measuring EMC properties of components Linking mode conversion to radiation Summary Thomas Müller 2
3 Twisted Quad Fundamentals Virt. GND Pair 1 Virt. GND Pair Opposite conductors form a differential pair Fields cancel each other > virtual ground plane Independent transmission of two data streams over one cable Second pair can also be used for remote powering devices Compact size Round shape without fillers (mechanically stable) Thomas Müller 3
4 Twisted Quad Fundamentals Typical insertion loss 1 1 GHz Low crosstalk Bidirektional communication up to 3 GBit/s over 10 m LVDS possible Sdd21 (near-end) [db] NEXT [Pair 1 to Pair 2] f [MHz] Insertion loss [db/m] Sdd21 [Pair 1] f [MHz] Orange: Cat 6a Black: Cat 5 Thomas Müller 4
5 STQ Connector Interface Open interface (connectors are available from different vendors) Interface as described in automotive IEEE 1394 Copper Automotive Standard (Supplement to IDB-1394) Project TS Designed to meet automotive requirements Electrical (e.g. ISO/IEC CAT 6a, LV213) Mechanical and environmental (forces, waterproofness, LV214, USCar) Fully automated assembly process EMC Radial shielding contact Compatible with fully-shielded (braid + foil), semi-shielded (foil) and unshielded Thomas Müller 5
6 EMC Coupling to adjacent systems Ethernet Networking 100Base-TX, BroadR-Reach Communication GSM, UMTS, LTE, WLAN, Bluetooth, Car2X, Broadcast AM, FM, DVB-T, DAB(+) HV-Traction network Electric drives, auxiliary systems (48V-Powernet) EMC Navigation GPS, Glonass, Galileo BUS Systems LIN, CAN, MOST, USB Video Links up to 3Gbit/s APIX, LVDS, MHL Transients Electronic engine control, switching power supplies, processor clock Thomas Müller 6
7 Measuring EMC properties Coupling attenuation determines the EMC properties of a differential channel as the sum of Differential to common mode conversion attenuation Shielding attenuation for screened cables Mode conversion measured with S-parameter measurements by Network Analyzer (NWA) TCL (Sdc11) TCTL (Sdc21) Differential Out Port2 Port1 Differential In Port1 Port2 Differential mode signal behavior S DD11 S DD12 S DD21 S DD22 Common In Port1 Port2 Common to differential mode conversion S DC11 S DC12 S DC21 S DC22 Common Out Port2 Port1 S CD11 S CD12 S CD21 S CD22 Differential to common mode conversion S CC11 S CC12 S CC21 S CC22 Common mode signal behavior Thomas Müller 7
8 Measuring EMC properties Unbalance along the channel causes mode conversion Concentrated unbalance can be compensated (e.g. through optimized footprint design) Distributed unbalance is most critical (e.g. within cable) Equal Level Transverse Conversion Transfer Loss [db] CAT 5/6a Limit l = 500 mm l = 200 mm l = 100 mm l = 50 mm l = 20 mm Length imbalance of differential pair l = 10 mm l = 1 mm f [MHz] Equal Level Transverse Conversion Transfer Loss [db] CAT 5/6a Limit C = 100 pf C = 50 pf C = 20 pf Capacitance imbalance of differential pair -80 C = 10 pf C = 5 pf -90 C = 2 pf C = 0.1 pf -100 C = 1 pf f [MHz] Thomas Müller 8
9 Measuring EMC properties Operational system Interference transfer function Adjacent system subject to interference EMI Source EMI-EMS Transmission Path EMI Victim Transmitter (e.g. NWA Port1) Transfer impedance screening-/ coupling attenuation Receiver (e.g. NWA Port2) Measure transmission path Identify basic screening parameters Thomas Müller 9
10 Measuring EMC properties Cable Inline connections Feed-throughs Triaxial tube allows measuring screening properties of individual components along the channel Thomas Müller 10
11 Measuring EMC properties NWA DUT Triaxial Tube Diff. / comm. Termination Coax to Differential PCB Shielded ferrule Allows measuring screening properties of individual components along the channel by means of triaxial measurements The DUT can be fed from the NWA in common mode or differential mode to measure screening- or coupling attenuation Also applicable for unshielded differential pairs Thomas Müller 11
12 Measuring EMC properties Twisted Quad cable assembly measurement examples 0 Screening attenuation -20 Screening attenuation [db] Semi-shielded Fully-shielded Unshielded Frequency [MHz] Measurement of screening attenuation not intended for unshielded cables according to given standards Quality of shield may be adjusted by construction Thomas Müller 12
13 Measuring EMC properties Twisted Quad cable assembly measurement examples 0 Coupling attenuation Coupling attenuation -20 Coupling attenuation [db] Semi-shielded Fully-shielded Unshielded Frequency [MHz] Fully-shielded cables provide excellent coupling attenuation Unshielded cables can provide noticeable performance, if the balance throughout the channel is maintained (connector, cable, termination) Semi-shielded cables may be a viable compromise Thomas Müller 13
14 EMC Linking mode conversion to radiation Measure differential and common mode coupling to stripline in a three port NWA measurement UTQ cable 1.7 m First end connected to ground plane Second end floating DUT 1.7 m floating grounded NWA Measure TCTL in in same setup Compare the results with triaxial tube Thomas Müller 14
15 EMC Linking mode conversion to radiation 0-20 com. mode coupling diff. mode coupling f [MHz] Small coupling at low frequencies due to limited coupling length Resonances at quarter wavelength and odd multiples Thomas Müller 15
16 EMC Linking mode conversion to radiation TCTL Stripline: diff. coupling - com. coupling Triaxial Tube: coupling attenuation - screening attenuation f [MHz] Coupling to stripline is linked to mode conversion properties of the DUT Mode conversion as difference between differential and common mode coupling can be reproduced Triaxial tube is less dependent on setup (e.g. DUT length, coupling length, grounding) and easier to handle (e.g. no need for shielded chamber) Thomas Müller 16
17 Summary Twisted Quad cables are widely used for differential signal transmission within vehicles. In combination with the STQ connector interface the automotive requirements concerning mechanical and electrical properties are met. The EMC properties of components along the channel can be evaluated by measuring mode conversion and coupling attenuation by means of a triaxial tube. The grade of shielding may be adapted to bandwidth, topology and EMC-environment of the application to be implemented without the need to change the connector interface. Thomas Müller 17
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